George Q. Daley, the newhead of Harvard Medical School,knows what it's like when presidential politics collides with science.Daleywasa leading stem cell scientistback in 2001 when President George W. Bush suddenly barred federal funding for research on new embryonic stem cells a gesture to Republican antiabortion backers that, many believe, put a chill onone of the most cutting-edge areas of biology.

The move turned many scientists, unexpectedly, into activists. The diplomatic Daley helpedHarvard create an institute in 2004 towork around the federal funding restrictions;Californiabucked the Bush administration bydevotingits ownstate funds to the research. President Barack Obamaeventuallyreversed the executive orderin 2009,allowing federal funds to be used;today, embryonic stem cell based therapies are being tested in clinical trials, and studying them has helped unleash a wave of newmedicalinsights.

As of Jan. 1,Daley occupies one of the highest-profile jobs in American medicine, a de facto spokesman both for research and medical practice. And he arrives at a moment when the entire field is nervous about what the Trump administration has in store. The White House seems not only indifferent to research, but also actively hostile to some strains of science; the future of theAffordable Care Actis uncertain at best.Drug prices,immigration and the national researchbudget all issues crucial to the medical field are all up for debate.By nature ascientist, accustomed togathering evidence before opining about solutions,Daley says he thinks his experiences working in a field that was marginalized by politicians may provide some useful lessons for navigating what he called a "cacophony of confusion and alternative facts."

Daley spoke to The Washington Post about his hopes and concerns as he takes the helm at Harvard Medical School around the same time as President Trump. This interview has been edited for clarity and length.

Right now, theres uneasiness in the scientific and medical communities over how evidence and research will be treated, ranging fromvaccines to climate change. Having lived through a time when your work was directly politicized and targeted, what are yourthoughts about how to approach a situation like that?

I think that the lessons that I learned in the early challenges and policy debates around embryonic stem cells have a lot to teach us for how to advocate forcefully in todays world. We have to, as scientists, stick to our message, which is that science and evidence is the way to make informed decisions whether those decisions are about advancing human health and wellness, or about advancing the environment and maintainingnot only healthy air quality, but reducing risks to catastrophic climate change. These are all fundamentally, at some level, challenges and risks to human health.

If I had one worry, as we see the cacophony of confusion and alternative facts, it's that were reverting to a pre-Enlightenmentform of thinking, which will take us back to the days of blood-letting and faith-healing. And this is wrong. This is not the way to advance health and wellness for the greatest number, not a way to face our challenges. We are facing some of the greatest global challenges today not just with global warming, but with threats to emerging pathogens, whether its Ebola or Zika. And if we start to question the nature and value of things like vaccines in human health, how are we going to be able to confront the challengesof new pathogens?

[Why Americas health-care spending is projected to soar over the next decade]

Do you think thatthis is something that's already happening, or is it a future worry?

The storm clouds are on the horizon. If I just speak to one issue that has a very direct effect on our community: Our biomedical research enterprise, as well as our clinicians draw on the best and brightest, from not only the United States, but around the globe. We are a magnet, were seen as the beacon of the best, cutting-edge research and the most effective and impactful clinical training and health care delivery. Ive met with students from Iran and Syria who are here studying and about to graduate. And theyre worried that their parents are not going to be able to come see them receive their PhD or their MD. Were worried about the pipeline not only of trainees who keep us at the cutting edge, but patients. Our health care centers are magnets for patients from all over the world, and in many cases from theMiddle East, and it stands in the way of our mission.

The immigration policy of the Trump administration is evolving as we speak, but it soundslike you're worried aboutthe message that recent actions send.

Our concern is that there is a megaphone that screams across the globe. Over the couple-hundred-year history of our country, it has been emblazoned on the Statue of Liberty: Give us your tired, your poor. We are a welcome beacon to immigrants from all across the globe; thats been the message that has built our country. And now the recent message that has been sent is giving pause to those folks in other parts of the world, making them think twice about whether this is a welcoming community for them. Ive already heard that some of our applicants to post-doctoral positions or training programs in our graduate schools are starting to be diverted to programs in Europe that aresaying, "Hey, what can we do to take advantage of the talent pool that might not be going to the United States." That is chilling to me.

What are your thoughts on the plans to repeal the Affordable Care Act and what should come next?

We now have, in Massachusetts, 96 percent of people covered, and I do think thats created a sense in our medical students and our residents and our trainees, and even up to our faculty, that universal access [to health care] is a human right. I remember in my times in the hospital, there was something absolutely wonderful about the fact the homeless person coming off the street with a heart attack got the same intense, compassionate care as the Berkeley professor who had a heart event at Logan Airport and thats an actual case that took place when I was in training. Theres probably no other experience in my time as at trainee at theHarvard hospitals that made me feel more proud about the mission of Harvard medicine. I think thats an aspiration there was an attempt by the Obama administration to capture thatas an aspiration, as the noblest calling of medicine, and I think that anything that is put in it place has to attempt to meet those same aspirations.

Stem cell science has come under political attack in the past, and Vice President Pence has said he opposesembryonic stem cell research. Are you worried about the future of your field?

I always felt very strongly and passionately, as an advocate for stem cell research of all kinds. To be able to use the new technology and biology of regenerative medicine to serve the relief of suffering and the treatment of disease, I just think is a very noble calling. Ive always argued that we need to exploit every possible advantage in the fight against disease.I would continue to advocate for research on all sorts of stem cells. And if there is an attempt to restrict the research in the future, I will be out there again, speaking from the scientific and medical perspective to justify this work.

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Harvard scientist worries we're 'reverting to a pre-Enlightenment form of thinking' - Washington Post