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Stem Cell Market Analysis, Growth By Top Companies, Trends By Types And Application, Forecast Analysis To 2027 – Market Research Sheets

By Stell Cell Research

The study on the Global Stem Cell Market attempts to provide significant and detailed insights into the latest market scenario and the emerging growth prospects. The report on Stem Cell Market also emphasizes on market leading players as well as the new entrants in the market landscape. The expansive research will help the new top players as well as the well-established players to set up their business strategies and achieve their short-term and long-term goals and can make better decisions. The report also adds important details of the assessment of the scope of the geographies and where the key participants should move forward to find latest growth bussiness opportunities in the future.

Get the Inside Scoop and Research Methodology of this Sample Report

Scope of Stem Cell Market:

Primary and secondary data collection methods are used to collect the data from reliable sources across the globe that include key players, end users, suppliers, members of associations across the countries and end user industries.Advanced research techniques and tools are used to prepare the report that make this report accurate and up-to-date with latest industry trends.

The Report covers following things

Stem Cell Market: Segmentation

Segmental analysis is one of the key sections of this report. The authors of the report have segregated the Stem Cell market into product type, application, end user, and region. All the segments are studied on the basis of their CAGR, market share, and growth potential. In the regional analysis, the report highlights the regional markets having high growth potential. This clear and thorough assessment of the segments would help the players to focus on revenue generating areas of the Stem Cell market.

Highlight Of The Reports

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Research objectives

To perceive the most influencing, pivoting and hindering forces in the Stem Cell Market and its footprint in the international market.

To gain a perceptive survey of the market and have an extensive interpretation of the Stem Cell Market and its materialistic landscape.

To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.

To project the consumption of Stem Cell submarkets, with respect to key regions (along with their respective key countries).

To strategically profile the top key players and comprehensively analyze their growth strategies.

Important Stem Cell Market Data Available In This Report:

Emerging Opportunities, Competitive Landscape, Revenue Share of Main Manufacturers.

This Report Discusses the Stem Cell Market Summary; Market Scope Gives A Brief Outline of the Stem Cell Market.

Key Performing Regions (APAC, EMEA, Americas, Other) Along With Their Major Countries Are Detailed in This Stem Cell industry Report.

Company Profiles, Product Analysis, Marketing Strategies, Emerging Market Segments and Comprehensive Analysis of Stem Cell Market.

Stem Cell Market Share Year-Over-Year Growth of Key Players In Promising Regions.

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Stem Cell Market Analysis, Growth By Top Companies, Trends By Types And Application, Forecast Analysis To 2027 - Market Research Sheets

The most important health innovations of the past decade – The Hill

By Stem Cell Clinic

The 2010s are coming to an end, and looking back there have been some pretty amazing advances and innovations in health and science.

Advances in prosthetic limbs

Prosthetic limbs have been around since ancient times. In Egypt, a prosthetic wooden toe was found on a mummy dating back 3,000 years. By the Dark Ages, inventors could incorporate hinges on prosthetic arms used by knights. In modern times, the field of prosthetics has turned to incorporating more technology into physical stand-ins for limbs. In the last several years, theres been a boom in advances that have led to the best and most useful prosthetics weve ever seen.

Reports from the early 2010s talked about the potential for new technology to allow people to control prosthetics with their minds and to receive sensory information from their devices. It may have been a reach in the early part of the decade, but now it is literally within grasp. There are new prosthetic hands being tested that give the user the ability to grab objects with their thoughts and even to sense the texture of what they are touching. New bionic hands allow the user to feel again by sending signals back to the brain about the things they are touching, like whether its hard or soft. Other research groups have been working on bionic arms that can move based on the users thoughts through a brain-computer interface. While these have demonstrated its possible to accomplish these goals in the lab, theres still more to be done before people can use these devices outside in the real world.

Many of these advanced prosthetics are still prototypes and may not reach the general population for a while. Luckily, cheaper 3D printers have made simple prosthetics more accessible. These are important because a prosthetic device can improve the quality of life for people. For example, this person has been printing prosthetic hands and arms for people in Africa after watching an online tutorial. New materials that go into 3D printers are cheaper than they used to be and are being used in prosthetics to provide a more affordable option for patients.

Although prosthetics have been around for ages in some form or another, they arent always used. One variable to consider is the social acceptance of having a prosthetic. Theres still a lot of stigma around disabilities and many people may reject prosthetics even if they are available. In 2012, an athlete with both feet amputated competed in the mens 400 meter race at the Olympics in London. There was some controversy over whether the runner with a prosthetic foot should be allowed to run in races with people who dont have prosthetics or if they should only be allowed in competitions specifically for people who have them. Prosthetics also need to be comfortable and usable in order to be successfully adopted. In one study, about 4.5 percent of people rejected prosthetics and 13.4 percent stopped using their prosthetics. As the new prosthetics that are more natural and intuitive to use come to market, hopefully more people will benefit, and the social barriers to acceptance will disappear.

CRISPR

The genome modification technique called Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, aka CRISPR, was a culmination of a few decades of work by scientists, and major studies explaining the method were published in 2013. The version of it called CRISPR-associated protein 9 or CRIPSR-Cas9 is what most researchers are specifically using in most cases. It involves a regular gene editing mechanism that happens in bacteria. The bacteria can take sections of DNA from attacking viruses and essentially use that to remember the viruses if they return. When the virus is back, the bacteria can target the matching sections of DNA in the virus, cut it and disable the virus.

Though 2013 was only six years ago, as far as science goes, CRISPR has been moving at lightning speed towards practical applications. Using CRISPR to edit a gene sequence, researchers can now add, delete or modify DNA segments more quickly and accurately than ever before. Since the technique was developed, researchers have used CRISPR to target diseases caused by a single gene like cystic fibrosis or sickle cell disease.

Probably the most infamous use of CRISPR are the CRISPR babies. In late 2018, a Chinese researcher, He Jiankui, claimed to have used CRISPR to modify the genomes of two babies to include a mutated version of a gene that protects against HIV. This case was and is highly controversial for the ethical concerns with genetically modifying a human genome at the embryo level, or germline, meaning it can be passed down to future generations and has not been done before in humans. Recently, MIT Technology Review obtained excerpts from Hes research, and experts say that the report and data may be untrustworthy. This means it is still unclear if He and collaborators actually successfully modified the babies genomes. The scientific community overall condemns this way of using CRISPR to edit a human germline genome and has called for an international moratorium on it until a framework can be agreed on.The researcher has been sentenced to three years in prison in Shenzhen, China.

As fraught with controversy as the CRISPR babies may be, CRISPR technology still holds a lot of promise and can be used responsibly, supporters say. For example, researchers are using it to target cancer cells by taking a patients immune cells, modifying them using CRISPR and then infusing the patient with the modified cells. For blood diseases, a patient with sickle cell disease is reported to be responding well to a CRISPR treatment that has allowed her body to produce a crucial protein.

Another area that has boomed this decade partly because of CRISPR technology is stem cell therapy, which well get into in the next section.

Stem cell therapy

Technically, the only Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved stem cell therapies are blood-forming stem cells derived from umbilical cord blood. Blood-forming stem cells are used to treat patients with cancer after chemotherapy has depleted blood cells, as well as patients with blood disorders like leukemia whose bone marrow tissues are damaged. These types of treatments have been around for about 30 years, but in the 2010s weve seen potential for more uses of stem cells in health care.

The main idea behind stem cell therapy is that because the cells are pluripotent meaning they can become many other types of cells they can be introduced into parts of the body that are damaged and need new cells. On top of that, researchers can now extract some types of stem cells from a persons body, so no need for umbilical cords. This opens up the possibilities for highly personalized treatment where one person can be treated with stem cells from their own body.

Researchers are exploring how stem cells can be used to treat liver disease, cerebral palsy, stroke, brain injury and others. There are many ongoing research-backed clinical trials for stem cell therapy. A quick search for stem cell therapy on the governments clinical trial database turns up 5,638 results. And because of the work necessary to even get to the clinical trial stage, theres likely an order of magnitude more stem cell therapy studies in the pre-clinical trial stages.

Stem cell therapy is also being offered in for-profit clinics around the U.S. In these cases, the clinics are typically taking fat tissue from a patient, isolating the stem cells and then administering the stem cells back to the patient. In some cases, the treatments may lead to health complications, like blindness in a few extreme cases, and the FDA warns that such treatments are unapproved and potentially harmful. The FDA is ramping up regulation of stem cell clinics and earlier this year took a specific clinic in Florida to court.

Although there are many stem cell clinics offering unproven stem cell therapies, its not all hype. Granted that its difficult to pass the clinical trial stage to get FDA approval, stem cell research may lead to new treatments for several health conditions that could completely change the health care landscape.

You can follow Chia-Yi Hou on Twitter.

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The most important health innovations of the past decade - The Hill

Hydrogel controls inflammation to speed healing – Futurity: Research News

By Stem Cell Clinic

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Researchers have established a baseline set of injectable hydrogels that show promise to help heal wounds, deliver drugs, and treat cancer.

Critically, theyve analyzed how the chemically distinct hydrogels provoke the bodys inflammatory responseor not.

The researchers designed the hydrogels to be injectable and create a mimic of cellular scaffolds in a desired location. They serve as placeholders while the body naturally feeds new blood vessels and cells into the scaffold, which degrades over time to leave natural tissue in its place. Hydrogels can also carry chemical or biological prompts that determine the scaffolds structure or affinity to the surrounding tissue.

We dont want zero inflammation; we want appropriate inflammation.

The study demonstrates it should be possible to tune multidomain peptide hydrogels to produce appropriate inflammatory response for what theyre treating.

Weve been working on peptide-based hydrogels for a number of years and have produced about 100 different types, says Jeffrey Hartgerink, a chemist and bioengineer at Rice University. In this paper, we wanted to back up a bit and understand some of the fundamental ways in which they modify biological environments.

The researchers wanted to know specifically how synthetic hydrogels influence the environments inflammatory response. The two-year study offered the first opportunity to test a variety of biocompatible hydrogels for the levels of inflammatory response they trigger.

Usually, we think of inflammation as bad, Hartgerink says. Thats because inflammation is sometimes associated with pain, and nobody likes pain. But the inflammatory response is also extremely important for wound healing and in clearing infection.

We dont want zero inflammation; we want appropriate inflammation, he says. If we want to heal wounds, inflammation is good because it starts the process of rebuilding vasculature. It recruits all kinds of cells that are regenerative to that site.

The labs tested four basic hydrogel typestwo with positive charge and two negativeto see what kind of inflammation they would trigger. They discovered that positively charged hydrogels triggered a much stronger inflammatory response than negatively charged ones.

Among the positive materials, depending on the chemistry generating that charge, we can either generate a strong or a moderate inflammatory response, Hartgerink says. If youre going for wound-healing, you really want a moderate response, and we saw that in one of the four materials.

But if you want to go for a cancer treatment, the higher inflammatory response might be more effective, he says. For something like drug delivery, where inflammation is not helpful, one of the negatively charged materials might be better.

Basically, were laying the groundwork to understand how to develop materials around the inflammatory responses these materials provoke. That will give us our best chance of success.

Researchers at Texas Heart Institute (THI) helped analyze the cellular response to the hydrogels through multidimensional flow cytometry.

The results of this work lay the groundwork for specifically tailoring delivery of a therapeutic by a delivery vehicle that is functionally relevant and predictable, says Darren Woodside, vice president for research and director of the flow cytometry and imaging core at THI. Aside from delivering drugs, these hydrogels are also compatible with a variety of cell types.

One of the problems with stem cell therapies at present is that adoptively transferred cells dont necessarily stay in high numbers at the site of injection, he says. Mixing these relatively inert, negatively charged hydrogels with stem cells before injection may overcome this limitation.

Hartgerink says the work is foundational, rather than geared toward a specific application, but is important to the long-term goal of bringing synthetic hydrogels to the clinic.

We have been speculating about a lot of the things we think are good and true about this material, and we now have more of a sound mechanistic understanding of why they are, in fact, true, Hartgerink says.

The research appears in Biomaterials.

Additional coauthors are from Rice and the Texas Heart Institute. The National Institutes of Health, the Welch Foundation, the Mexican National Council for Science and Technology, the National Science Foundation, and a Stauffer-Rothrock Fellowship supported the research.

Source: Rice University

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Hydrogel controls inflammation to speed healing - Futurity: Research News

Scientists are Working on a Way to Regrow Teeth in 2 Months – Science Times

By Adult Stem Cells

(Photo : pexels)

It is scary to think about losing your teeth, especially if you are an adult, but it is an issue that a lot of people face. Around aquarter of adultslose their teeth by the age of 74.

Although there are dental implants that can help, they can be very uncomfortable, especially since they do not adapt to the mouth as it ages. However, a new technique might help people to grow new teeth in just 2 months by using the patient's adult stem cells.

Regrow your teeth in 2 months

This discovery was published in August of 2019. Theresearchersfrom Columbia University Medical Center in New York City hope that they can get a patient's stem cells to grow an anatomically correct tooth.

Additionally, the new tooth will grow in a person's empty socket, even allowing it to merge with the surrounding gum tissue. They have already proven the ability to grow the teeth, however, after months of research and experiments, it is not available for humans yet.

The researchers conducted an experiment using 22 rats, according to theJournal of Dental Research. After the growth factors were implanted in the mouths of the rats, new bone material regenerated and integrated within 2 months. According to the researchers of the study, this is the first time that teeth-like structures have been regenerated in a living organism.

There can be a lot of benefits that come along with the new procedure if this treatment proves successful in humans. Since the tooth is grown in the socket where it will stay, there is also no need to harvest outside stem cells or make an outside environment for the tooth as it grows.

Because of this experiment, the researchers hope that this will be a better and more cost-effective solution for patients who can't afford dental implants. Also, since the tooth grows right in the mouth, there will likely be less recovery time and it will be less likely for teeth to fail.

However, for the time being, dental implants are the closest thing that we have to help replace lost teeth, Unfortunately, implants can be painful and it requires a long healing process, also it does not usually adapt to aging mouths which can cause the implant to fail.

Disadvantages of dental implants

The first disadvantage ofdental implantsis that they are expensive. Dental implants are not covered by dental insurance, if anything, they might help cover the restoration that will be attached to the dental implant such as the dental bridge, dental crown, and partial or full denture.

Another disadvantage of dental implants is that they need surgery to be placed. This may not be a big deal for some but keep in mind that surgery always has a health risk. The complication rate is just an average of 5 to 10%. The complications and risks of dental implants include damage to other teeth, infection, nerve damage, delayed bone healing, jaw fractures, prolonged bleeding and more.

With that said, this new alternative may become available soon. Even now, researchers at Columbia University have filedpatent applicationsfor this discovery and they are also looking at ways to make the process available commercially.

ALSO READ: Scientists Likely Found Way To Grow New Teeth For Patients

Excerpt from:
Scientists are Working on a Way to Regrow Teeth in 2 Months - Science Times

The ethics of lab-grown "minibrains" – Quartz

By Adult Stem Cells

For Alexander Fleming, leaving a petri dish out in the air led to his now famous discovery of antibiotics. For Madeline Lancaster, leaving stem cells in a shaker led to the discovery of a new model for neuroscience: brain organoids. These blobs of tissue, grown from human stem cells, resemble some of the essential parts of the human brain. Although they are as small as apple seeds, brain organoids may hold the key to understanding one of lifes great mysteries: the human brain.

Our brain is, arguably, the organ that most makes humans what we are. Our cerebral cortex, the outermost layer of the brain, underpins human cognition. When things go wrong in the cerebral cortex, either as we develop or as we age, this can cause neurological or psychiatric diseases. Neuroscientists have been trying to understand brain development and disease, but they have run into a pretty basic problem: We (usually) cannot collect brain tissue from living people. So neuroscientists arelimitedto studying tissue that is donated by those who have died or observing a living brain behave in an MRI.

To help fill in the gaps in our knowledge of the brain, scientists have turned to the proverbial lab rats (which are actually mice). Mice, rats, primates, and other animals have given scientists the chance to tease apart the roles of genes, molecules, and cells in brain development and disease. Some important insights were gained from these animals. Genetically engineered mice helped researchers understand how a protein called alpha-synucleincan misfold and clump together in theParkinsons-diseased brain, potentially injuring nerve cells. Research intoAlzheimers disease got a boost by mice that were genetically engineered to have mutations linked to Alzheimers. These mice have helped scientists understand how misfolded beta-amyloid proteins stick together in plaques in the brain, a hallmark of the disease.

But a mouse is not a human: mice do not behave as humans do; mouse brains are simpler than human brains; and the mouse genome is not the human genome. Researchers argue that modified mice or other animals do not reflect the complexity of humans, let alone the complexity of neurological or psychiatric conditions. For many conditions, researchers do not even know which gene defects are part of the underlying cause. Instead of creating a mouse that has the same gene defect as that found in human patients, researchers have had to make do with animal models that behave similarly to humans.

In one test for depression-like behavior, researchers hold mice upside down by their tail and measure how long they struggle against it. Mice that give up sooner are judged to show greater despair. But researchers are rightly skeptical. We can make models by challenging mice in different ways and looking at their behavior but its not at all clear that these animals have the same disease that we do, the neuroscientist Fred H. Gage, President of the Salk Institute for Biological Studies,said.

What then? Four millimeter brain organoids might seem an unlikely source for finding therapeutic breakthroughs for complex diseases. But much hope has been put into them since Madeline Lancasterpresented the first such minibrains in 2013. As with many scientific developments, her discovery had an element of serendipity, but cant be reduced to it.

Lancaster, then a postdoc in a Vienna laboratory, wanted to understand how developing brain cells switch from dividing, when they make more of themselves, to differentiation, when they turn into neurons or glia cells. To start off, Lancaster used techniques to coax stem cells, which can develop into pretty much any tissue, towards becoming neurons. But she had also been intrigued by the success of another research team, which grew mini-guts in Matrigel, a gelatinous protein mixture. So once Lancaster had coaxed the stem cells into becoming neural cells, she took clusters of them and put them into a drop of Matrigel. This gave the cells enough support to grow into larger and more complex structures.

Gently shaking the cells in a bioreactor, caused them to specialize into recognizable rudiments of the human brain. Within about two months, the brain organoids had grown structures similar to those found in the human brain, including the cerebral cortex, the seat of human cognition. Organoids also havegenetic similaritieswith the developing human brain. Moreover, many of the neurons in the organoids fired off electrical signals, the messages with which brain cells communicate.

Lancaster immediately realized one of the big promises of brain organoids: As stem cells are their starting material, researchers can take skin samples from adults and re-program those cells into stem cells. These then provide material for a personalized brain organoid. In their first presentation of organoids, the researchers grew personalized organoids from the skin cells of a person with microcephaly. Microcephaly, a condition where the brain is smaller than normal, is difficult to study using mouse models. The researchers took a step toward figuring out why neuron-producing cells stop their job too soon, which could ultimately result in too few neurons. When they added a copy of the faulty gene, the researchers grew organoids with more neuron-producing cells and, ultimately, more nerves.

Brain organoids certainly have their limitations: No two organoids are the same, potentially obscuring differences between personalized organoids. A lack of blood supply keeps the organoids small, as it limits the amount of oxygen that can get into their center. With about a couple of million neurons, a brain organoid has twice as many neurons as a cockroach, but far fewer than an adult zebrafish. Nevertheless, organoids have been used to investigate schizophrenia and autism, and scientists hope to use them to study a range of disorders, from Parkinsons to Alzheimers to eye conditions, like macular degeneration.

With time and intensive research, brain organoids are now better understood and being used in more complex experiments.One studyfound that organoids left to develop for 8 months formed neuronal circuits that sparked with activity, and grew light-sensitive neurons that responded when light was shone on them. Another lab has developedorganoids that produce brain waves similar to those of premature human babies.

Other researchers have developed workarounds to overcome the lack of blood supply. Inanother study, led by Fred Gage, neuroscientists transplanted human brain organoids straight into mouse brains. The organoids connected with the mouses blood supply, and connections between the human organoid and the animals brain sprouted.

This brings up ethical questions: the small blobs of brain tissue arent fully fledged brains, sitting in vats thinking about the meaning of life. The brain waves observed in some mature organoids alone are unlikely to be enough to produce complex brain functions. And, isolated from sensory input,it is unclear whether the organoids could even learn cognitive processes.

But implanting brain organoids into the brain of an actual living mouse could link the blob with the animals senses and motor system. These experiments hark to a related debate raging in science, about the creation and use of chimeras (animals into which human cells have been implanted). While in the US, the National Institutes of Health put in place a moratorium on funding research that investigates animal embryos containing human cells in 2015, in March 2019, Japanannounced a reversal of its ban, allowing scientists to grow human cells in animal embryos that are carried to term.

Arecent perspectivepublished inCellposited that, at the moment, the question isnt whether we humanize an animal into which a human brain organoid is implanted. Instead, it is important to ask whether the organoid enhances specific brain functions in the chimera, and at what point this enhancement crosses the line, becoming harmful and unethical. The authors argue that current studies are more likely to worsen brain function than to improve it.

At the moment, researchers need to make a surgical cavity to accommodate the organoid, which likely harms brain function. Once organoids can make up this deficit, which would be a notable achievement from a clinical perspective, and brain functions are enhanced above a critical threshold, perhaps the chimera should be given a higher moral status. This could go as far as giving the chimera the right of self-determination, the authors argue. Where this critical threshold lies is left open for debate, but the mirror test could be used to test for self-awareness in animals after organoid transplantation.

With brain organoids, the scientific community could be in danger of crossing yet another ethical line, some researchers warn. At this years meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, the largest annual meeting of neuroscientists, a group of scientists sounded the warning bell that research is coming close to creating sentient brain blobs in the lab, while some may have done so already.

The question here is at what point organoids, all on their own, develop consciousness or experience sentiments like pain. In 2018, a group of scientists, lawyers, ethicists, and philosophers, writing inNature,advocated for an ethical debate on brain organoids. With their initiative, they wanted to get ahead of the science, establishing guidelines before brain organoid research could raise immediate concerns.

At the meeting of the Society for Neuroscience, Elan Ohayon, director and founder of the Green Neuroscience Laboratory in San Diego, and his colleagues argued that serious concerns already have become reality. Ohayon presented a computer model which he believes helps to pinpoint when sentience is likely to arise. He suggests that some of the activity seen in organoids is reminiscent of the activity seen in developing animals and thatorganoid cultures may be capable of supporting sentient activity and behavior. Ohayon calls for a set of criteria to be applied to organoids that could help determine sentience and set ethical rules.

Brain organoids likely have a long way to go until they develop consciousness. And there is also likely a long way to go until they help researchers achieve therapeutic benefits. However, the promise of these blobs is so great that giving up brain organoid research altogethergiven the suffering caused by neurological and psychiatric diseases, and the lack of other modelscould itself be unethical. Whether or not any ethical lines have been crossed already, it is high time that neuroscientists, and society, come to terms with the question: What will organoids be able to tell us, and are we prepared to pay the price?

This article originally appeared on JSTOR Daily. Read the original here.

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The ethics of lab-grown "minibrains" - Quartz

Stem Cell Assay Market Expected to Witness a Sustainable Growth over 2025 – Filmi Baba

By Adult Stem Cells

Stem Cell Assay Market: Snapshot

Stem cell assay refers to the procedure of measuring the potency of antineoplastic drugs, on the basis of their capability of retarding the growth of human tumor cells. The assay consists of qualitative or quantitative analysis or testing of affected tissues and tumors, wherein their toxicity, impurity, and other aspects are studied.

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With the growing number of successful stem cell therapy treatment cases, the global market for stem cell assays will gain substantial momentum. A number of research and development projects are lending a hand to the growth of the market. For instance, the University of Washingtons Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (ISCRM) has attempted to manipulate stem cells to heal eye, kidney, and heart injuries. A number of diseases such as Alzheimers, spinal cord injury, Parkinsons, diabetes, stroke, retinal disease, cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and neurological diseases can be successfully treated via stem cell therapy. Therefore, stem cell assays will exhibit growing demand.

Another key development in the stem cell assay market is the development of innovative stem cell therapies. In April 2017, for instance, the first participant in an innovative clinical trial at the University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health was successfully treated with stem cell therapy. CardiAMP, the investigational therapy, has been designed to direct a large dose of the patients own bone-marrow cells to the point of cardiac injury, stimulating the natural healing response of the body.

Newer areas of application in medicine are being explored constantly. Consequently, stem cell assays are likely to play a key role in the formulation of treatments of a number of diseases.

Global Stem Cell Assay Market: Overview

The increasing investment in research and development of novel therapeutics owing to the rising incidence of chronic diseases has led to immense growth in the global stem cell assay market. In the next couple of years, the market is expected to spawn into a multi-billion dollar industry as healthcare sector and governments around the world increase their research spending.

The report analyzes the prevalent opportunities for the markets growth and those that companies should capitalize in the near future to strengthen their position in the market. It presents insights into the growth drivers and lists down the major restraints. Additionally, the report gauges the effect of Porters five forces on the overall stem cell assay market.

Global Stem Cell Assay Market: Key Market Segments

For the purpose of the study, the report segments the global stem cell assay market based on various parameters. For instance, in terms of assay type, the market can be segmented into isolation and purification, viability, cell identification, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and function. By kit, the market can be bifurcated into human embryonic stem cell kits and adult stem cell kits. Based on instruments, flow cytometer, cell imaging systems, automated cell counter, and micro electrode arrays could be the key market segments.

In terms of application, the market can be segmented into drug discovery and development, clinical research, and regenerative medicine and therapy. The growth witnessed across the aforementioned application segments will be influenced by the increasing incidence of chronic ailments which will translate into the rising demand for regenerative medicines. Finally, based on end users, research institutes and industry research constitute the key market segments.

The report includes a detailed assessment of the various factors influencing the markets expansion across its key segments. The ones holding the most lucrative prospects are analyzed, and the factors restraining its trajectory across key segments are also discussed at length.

Global Stem Cell Assay Market: Regional Analysis

Regionally, the market is expected to witness heightened demand in the developed countries across Europe and North America. The increasing incidence of chronic ailments and the subsequently expanding patient population are the chief drivers of the stem cell assay market in North America. Besides this, the market is also expected to witness lucrative opportunities in Asia Pacific and Rest of the World.

Global Stem Cell Assay Market: Vendor Landscape

A major inclusion in the report is the detailed assessment of the markets vendor landscape. For the purpose of the study the report therefore profiles some of the leading players having influence on the overall market dynamics. It also conducts SWOT analysis to study the strengths and weaknesses of the companies profiled and identify threats and opportunities that these enterprises are forecast to witness over the course of the reports forecast period.

Some of the most prominent enterprises operating in the global stem cell assay market are Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc (U.S.), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (U.S.), GE Healthcare (U.K.), Hemogenix Inc. (U.S.), Promega Corporation (U.S.), Bio-Techne Corporation (U.S.), Merck KGaA (Germany), STEMCELL Technologies Inc. (CA), Cell Biolabs, Inc. (U.S.), and Cellular Dynamics International, Inc. (U.S.).

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Stem Cell Assay Market Expected to Witness a Sustainable Growth over 2025 - Filmi Baba

ESPN reporter Edward Aschoff was diagnosed with pneumonia and HLH before he died. What is HLH? – Q13 News Seattle

By Stem Cell Medical Center

Edward Aschoff, a college football reporter for ESPN, died Tuesday on his 34th birthday, according to ESPN

When ESPN reporter Edward Aschoff died, he had been diagnosed with multifocal pneumonia and a rare disease known as HLH, his fiance tweeted.

Aschoff was first admitted to the hospital and diagnosed with pneumonia in many parts of his lungs but was brought back to the emergency room when antibiotic treatment failed and he got worse, Katy Berteau said.

"After many tests - bone marrow and lung biopsies - treatment was started for a presumed diagnosis of HLH," she tweeted. "Within 3 days of being moved into the ICU, he passed."

HLH, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, is a rare disease that affects the immune system.

She did not provide any further details about the manner of Aschoff's death, which occurred on his 34th birthday.

Other people, including Aschoff himself, expressed surprise about the seriousness of the illness in a young man in apparently good health.

"Anyone ever had multifocal (bilateral) pneumonia in their early 30s as some who never gets sick and has a very good immune system? Asking for two friends ... my lungs," he tweeted on December 5.

More questions have come up about his second diagnosis, HLH. It is unclear if Aschoff had HLH or pneumonia first, if one came from the other, and exactly how he died so quickly.

Here is what we know about the diseases Aschoff's had:

Pneumonia is when air sacs in the lungs fill with fluid or pus. It can be caused by a virus, bacteria or a fungus, causing a fever and respiratory problems.

It can occur in one or both lungs, and multifocal means the pneumonia occurs in multiple places.

Thousands of people die around the world each year of pneumonia, but most healthy people can fight it off, especially with antibiotics and antiviral medications. The people most at risk are the young, elderly, frail or immune-compromised.

HLH is a rare disease that affects the immune system, making certain white blood cells attack other blood cells and enlarging the spleen and liver, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine.

It can be inherited or acquired, Johns Hopkins said. About a quarter of cases are passed down through families, and the rest come from infections, a weakened immune system and cancer.

Symptoms can include coughing, difficulty breathing, fever, headaches, rashes, swollen lymph nodes, jaundice and digestive problems, according to Johns Hopkins.

There is treatment for HLH, and acquired forms may clear when properly treated, Johns Hopkins said. If familial HLH goes untreated, it is usually fatal.

Treatments include chemotherapy, immunotherapy, steroids, antibiotic drugs and antiviral drugs. Stem cell transplants can cure HLH in most cases if drug treatments don't work, Johns Hopkins said.

There is no way to prevent HLH, the medical center said.

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ESPN reporter Edward Aschoff was diagnosed with pneumonia and HLH before he died. What is HLH? - Q13 News Seattle

The top 45 stories of the decade – ISRAEL21c

By Stem Cell Medical Center

Its only been 10 years, but in that time the world has been transformed. Social media has gone from angel of democracy to demon. Climate change has become something we can see with our own eyes. All over the world, established orders have been overturned.

In Israel, new technologies like auto-tech, fintech, AI and food-tech have emerged to dominate Israels high-tech scene, while Israels food scene has come of age as you can tell by the high number of accolades to Israeli restaurants rolling in. Israeli TV has also won its fair share of praise, spurring an unexpected new area of export.

In this decade, Israel lost one of its most internationally popular leaders, Shimon Peres; but women the world over got two strong new role models Israeli actor Gal Gadot, who stormed the world with her portrayal of Wonder Woman, and Netta, who swept Eurovision with her bubbly empowerment song, Toy.

Weve looked back through our archives to discover your favorite stories. Its an extraordinary journey that charts the emergence of Israels aid industry, the move toward veganism and alternative meats, and the growth of tourism to Israel from just 1.9 million tourists to Israel in 2010, to 4m. in 2019.

Some of the technologies we wrote about went on to huge success, some pivoted, and some notably Shai Agassis Better Place went out with an almighty bang.

Take a look through the decades and remember some of the highlights of every year.

2010

An IDF doctor tends to a patient at the field hospital in Haiti, January 23, 2010. Photo courtesy Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs

One of the decades most iconic gadgets, Amazons Kindle e-reader, was largely developed in the heart of Israels high-tech center in Herzliya.

In June 2010, a professor from Bar Ilan University announced that he was developing a male contraceptive pill. His hope was that it would be out on the market within five years. While the idea created huge interest, the product ultimately never came to fruition.

Israel gained worldwide praise for the speed and efficiency with which it offered aid to Haiti in the wake of a catastrophic 7.0 magnitude earthquake that killed around 160,000 people. The field hospital set up by the Israel Defense Forces was one of the most advanced hospitals in Haiti. Five years later, Israel was still in Haiti helping rebuild the community. Haiti was the first time that the world really sat up and noticed Israeli humanitarian aid.

A breakthrough from Hadassahs Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research Center was poised to enable cultivating embryonic stem cells for treatments for disorders such as Parkinsons disease, diabetes and age-related macular degeneration. This later formed the basis for CellCure Neurosciences, currently developing OpRegen for treating dry AMD.

2011

The beaches of Tel Aviv. Photo by Shutterstock

Our top story of 2011 was on Vaxil Bio Therapeutics, which was developing a vaccine that could activate the bodys natural immune system to seek and destroy cancer cells. Since then, the company has completed a Phase I/II clinical trial in multiple myeloma patients, and is advancing toward clinical studies in additional solid tumor indications.

Yokneam-based Neuronix developed an electromagnetic stimulation system for treating moderate Alzheimers disease, allowing patients to regain faded cognitive skills. Though approved for use in Europe, Australia and Israel, in 2019 an FDA advisory panel decided that the benefits of the system did not outweigh the risks to patient health.

In June, we published a list of the 10 best beaches in Israel. Nine years later, the story continues to be one of our most popular, which for a country with as much beautiful coastline as Israels, isnt that surprising.

In May, we launched the first of a series of articles on hiking in Israel. The top 10 hikes in Israel was first, followed by water hikes, desert hikes, hikes in Jerusalem, and hikes in the Dead Sea.

2012

Tal-Yas trays catch every drop of dew. Photo: courtesy

To celebrate Israels 64th birthday, ISRAEL21c described 64 blue-and-white innovations with the potential to transform and enrich lives across the planet.

The US developer of skyTran chose Israel as the perfect place to pilot the software-guided personal transport pods that glide on a cushion of air. While the Tel Aviv project has yet to get off the ground, additional Israeli cities including Netanya and Eilat have since signed development deals with skyTran to upgrade public transportation.

This story about groundbreaking agricultural innovations from drip irrigation to drought-proof seeds proved so popular, and so important, that we updated it in 2019.

An amazing invention that turns pet droppings into harmless, odorless powder within seconds has developed into game-changing applications for human waste-management in the United Statesand Brazil.

2013

Pomegranate juice on sale at the Carmel Market. Photo by Anna Wachspress

The outright winner for story of the yearin 2013 though we could never completely understand why was our piece on 10 great reasons to love the pomegranate. Pomegranate, anyone?

In 2013, we began a new series on things to do for free in various cities around Israel. Our first story was an immediate hit and continues to be popular. We updated it earlier this year.

To celebrate Israels 65th birthday, we took a look at some of the incredible ways Israel is helping to look after our planet. Its still an impressive list.

When we reported on CartiHeal in 2013, the novel Israeli implant which provides a scaffold for the body to regenerate joint-protecting cartilage was already regarded as a major potential advance. It also featured in the top stories of 2016. Find out more below.

2014

The Iron Dome proved the unexpected hero of the 2014 war with Gaza. Photo by Shutterstock

From the Babysense baby breathing monitor to the Skysaver emergency evacuation device, this list compiled 18 potentially lifesaving technologies developed in Israel.

In 2014, the Iron Dome defense system emerged as the undisputed savior in Israel during the summer conflict with Gaza. Born out of necessity and Israeli chutzpah, the Iron Dome intercepts rockets, artillery and mortars headed for population centers. Sneak preview: Some of the prototype components were taken from a toy car.

Most of these unusual places to lay your head that we featured in this story including a yurt and a converted bus are still in business and popular with visitors looking for a different hospitality experience.

Medical devices and pharmaceuticals are a risky business and not all make it to market. But many of the exciting products anticipated in 2014 went on to successful clinical trials, such as Premia Spines TOPS alternative solution to spinal fusion surgery and CartiHeals implant for treating cartilage lesions in arthritic and non-arthritic joints.

2015

Is clean meat on the way? Photo by Shutterstock

This story exploded on the Internet, going viral within a day. It featured the work of nonprofit Modern Agriculture Foundation, which launched the worlds first feasibility study to determine how to create commercial tissue-engineered chicken breast. We featured the organization again in 2017, and it is still hard at work collaborating with academics and commercial companies to create a clean meat alternative.

We asked photographers across Israel to help us out with this gorgeous compilation of photographs to celebrate Israels 67th birthday.

3. 12 impossible ideas that Israelis turned into reality

Tell an Israeli that their idea is preposterous, and youve just given that inventor a reason to see it through. We loved this article, which highlights not only Israeli innovation, but the Israeli can-do attitude that takes an impossible idea irrigating crops in the desert, or a missile defense shield for an entire country and turns them into reality.

4. Israeli school builds cool classroom for ADHD teens

Our readers loved this story on a new classroom built at the Darca High School inKiryat Malachi, developed specially for children with attention and learning disorders. The room featured bouncy chairs made from yoga balls, walled off cubicles, desks on wheels, and a touch of the outdoor.

5. How well do you know Israel? The quiz

We knew it was going to be a tough one, but we were still surprised when virtually no-one managed to get a full 25 out of 25 questions right. You can still try this quiz. Will you get it right? Dont say you havent been warned!

2016

CartiHeal is advancing its implant for cartilage regeneration. Image by Natalia Budianska Shutterstock.com

1. Syrian refugee creates website to thank Israelis

A Sunni Muslim originally from the city of Homs created Thank You Am Israel, a website dedicated to the Israeli and Jewish organizations and people helping Syrian refugees.

2. 9 of the best Israeli snacks

The rising global popularity of Israeli cuisine isnt limited to gourmet fare. Here we tempted your taste buds with Israels most iconic snack foods, such as Bamba and Krembo, getting attention from bloggers and noshers around the world.

3. 9 of the most beautiful sukkot in Israel

Our readers loved seeing photos of the gorgeous booths created for dining during the Sukkot holiday in the fall, from Jerusalems Waldorf Astoria, to kibbutzim in the north and south, to the Samaritan communities of Mount Gerizim and Holon.

4. My Name is Israel

Our downloadable, printable 15-slide exhibition shares the stories of Israeli aid in the wake of international disasters and Israelis helping refugees even citizens of enemy nations and sharing their expertise and knowledge worldwide. This DIY exhibition, still available on our home page, was displayed in creative ways in several countries.

5. Cartilage regeneration on the way for knees, osteoarthritis

CartiHeal, mentioned already in 2013,caused quite a stir among readers for its groundbreaking Agili-C implant to treat cartilage and osteochondral defects in traumatic and osteoarthritic joints. Agili-C has now been implanted in over 500 clinical study patients with knee, ankle, and great toe cartilage lesions in Europe and Israel; clinical studies have begun in 15 US sites.

2017

Israeli actor Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman. Photo: courtesy

When Hurricane Harvey barreled into Texas in August, Israeli NGO, IsraAID rushed to help. The story touched a chord and was shared on Facebook alone more than 260,000 times.

2. 14 things you didnt know about Gal Gadot

2017 was most definitely Gal Gadots year. In fact, so were 2018 and 2019, and 2020 could turn out to be just as successful for this Israeli actor. But it was in 2017 that Gadot first stormed the world with her role as Wonder Woman. Find out how Beyonc helped her get the part.

3. 25 brilliant tech companies to watch in 2017

In January, we asked high-tech experts which companies to watch for in the coming year. They identified many hot growth areas including augmented reality, auto-tech, fintech, clean-tech, drones and digital health. And many of the companies they mentioned have indeed gone on to significant things.

4. 69 fabulous reasons we love Israel

For Independence Day, we put together a slideshow of photographs showing some of the many reasons we love Israel.

5. Test your glucose levels without drawing blood

Integrity Applications developed a glucose monitoring device that allows diabetics and pre-diabetics to track blood sugar levels without the need to prick a finger. The device is now on sale in several locations around the world.

2018

Koolulam mass singalong at the Tower of David Museum, June 2018. Photo by Ricky Rachman

1. 800 Jews, Christians, Muslims sing One Love in Jerusalem

You just cant watch this video without getting goosebumps. Israel social singing sensation Koolulam gathered Jews, Christians and Muslims at the Tower of David Museum in a vocal show of unity coinciding with the Muslim holiday of Eid al-Fitr.

2. Israeli scientists develop implanted organs that wont be rejected

Its the stuff of sci-fi, only its real: Israeli researchers invented the first fully personalized tissue implant, engineered from a small fatty tissue biopsy from the patient. This will make it possible to engineer any kind of tissue implant for any part of the body, without danger of rejection.

3. One drug could treat Alzheimers, MS, Crohns and more

Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School Prof. David Naor is developing a single drug that could effectively treat incurable inflammatory diseases such as Crohns disease, ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis as well as neurodegenerative maladies such as Alzheimers disease.

4. 8 of the most anticipated hotels opening in 2018

Youre always on the lookout for exciting new places to stay in Israel, and this list really whet your appetite. Now you can book rooms at (most of) these fabulous hotels in Tel Aviv-Jaffa, the Galilee and the Negev, aside from two that still havent opened.

5. Rescuers turn to Israeli tech to save trapped boys

Maxtech Networks communications technology helped divers free 12 boys and their coach trapped for 11 days in a flooded Thai cave.

2019

REEs prototype vehicle chassis. Photo by Yuval Chen

It is testament to just how successful and admired Israeli TV shows have become worldwide, that our most popular story of the year was about the best Israeli TV. While many Israeli shows have been remade, streaming services have opened up the original Israeli versions to viewers all over the world to great acclaim. Last week, the New York Times named Hatufim (Prisoners of War) the finest international TV show of the decade, and Fauda came in at number eight.

2. Buy fresh unsold food from restaurants

The new SpareEat app that lets restaurants and markets offer surplus food at the end of the day at a huge discount appealed to readers two-fold firstly they get to eat great Israeli restaurant food at a discount, and secondly it reduces food waste. Its a win-win!

3. An Israeli startup is totally reinventing how cars are built

The inventors thought investors would laugh at them when they came up with the revolutionary idea of a flat modular platform, a bit like a skateboard, that houses all the cars major components, but instead they loved it. We wrote about Ree in September. The following month, the company unveiled its flat-chassis technology inside Hino Motors new FlatFormer design.

4. Could immunotherapy treatment from Israel cure cancer?

In January we ran a story on Jerusalem startup Immunovative Therapies, which is developing an immunotherapy that could potentially cure cancer. No surprises why this was popular. The company has conducted dozens of clinical trials, but its still a very long road ahead. Worth watching in future years.

5. 13 reasons you should eat like an Israeli

Large breakfasts, salad with every meal, copious amounts of vegetables and olive oil, a reliance on the Mediterranean diet its no surprise that Israel was #1 on a new ranking of countries with the lowest rate of diet-related deaths worldwide, and #10 on the 2019 Bloomberg Healthiest Country Index. In our article we took a look at the reasons why.

Excerpt from:
The top 45 stories of the decade - ISRAEL21c

What a time to be alive: Reproductive breakthroughs of the 2010s that changed life as we know it – FOX 10 News Phoenix

By Somatic Stem Cells

This undated screen grab shows the cell-division of two fertilized human embryos during the first 24 hours of embryonic development following IVF treatment at a private clinic in London. ( Jim Dyson/Getty Images )

LOS ANGELES - Some of the scientific advancements of the 2010s have been truly mind-blowing, and perhaps none more so than the leaps and bounds weve made in the realm of reproduction.

This was not only the decade in which the first three-parent baby was born, it was the era when a rogue scientist chose to make edits to a set of twin girls DNA, making real the long-imagined scenario of genetically altering human beings while simultaneously thrusting the deeply complicated ethical discussions surrounding this practice into the limelight.

These are the five most life-altering breakthroughs in reproduction from the past decade.

In 2018, Chinese biophysics researcher He Jiankui announced that he had used the gene-editing tool CRISPR to modify the genes of two twin girls before birth. He and his team said that their goal was to make the girls immune to infection by HIV through the elimination of a gene called CCR5.

When the news broke, many mainstream scientists criticized the attempt, calling it too unsafe to try. Where some people saw the potential for a new kind of medical treatment capable of eradicating genetic disease, others saw a window into a dystopian future filled with designer babies and framed by a new kind of eugenics.

At the time, Dr. Kiran Musunuru, a University of Pennsylvania gene-editing expert, said Hes work was unconscionable... an experiment on human beings that is not morally or ethically defensible.

Other experts believe Hes work could propel the field of gene editing forward.

The twins, known as Lulu and Nana, have continued to make headlines since their birth. The gene modification that He claims to have carried out may have caused some unintended mutations in other parts of the genome, which could have unpredictable consequences for their health long term something many scientists who argue against Hes work cite as a reason to hold off on using gene-editing technology on humans.

Only time will tell what will happen to Lulu and Nana and if the edits to their DNA ultimately help or hurt them, but their story pushed the topic of human gene-editing and the ethics surrounding it to the forefront of the global scientific community.

In 2016, a technique called mitochondrial transfer was used successfully for the first time to create a three-parent baby grown from a fathers sperm, a mothers cell nucleus and a third donors egg that had the nucleus removed.

This technique was developed to prevent the transmission of certain genetic disorders through the mothers mitochondria. The majority of a three-parent babys DNA would come from his parents in the form of nuclear DNA, and only a small portion would come from the donor in the form of mitochondrial DNA.

A team led by physician John Zhang at the New Hope Fertility Center in New York City facilitated the birth of the first three-parent baby in April 2016.

Using human pluripotent stem cells, researchers were able to make the precursors of human sperm or eggs. In other words, they reprogrammed skin and blood stem cells to become an early-state version of what would eventually become either sperm or an egg.

"The creation of primordial germ cells is one of the earliest events during early mammalian development," Dr. Naoko Irie, first author of the paper from the Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute at the University of Cambridge told Science Daily. "It's a stage we've managed to recreate using stem cells from mice and rats, but until now few researches have done this systematically using human stem cells. It has highlighted important differences between embryo development in humans and rodents that may mean findings in mice and rats may not be directly extrapolated to humans."

A 2018 study showed that gene editing can allow two same-sex mice to conceive pups, and two female mice were able to successfully create healthy pups that then went on to reproduce themselves.

A team of researchers at the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, led by developmental biologist Qi Zhou, were able to use gene editing to produce 29 living mice from two females, seven of which went on to have their own pups. They were able to produce 12 pups from two male parents, but those offspring were not able to live more than two days.Whether or not the method can one day be used in same-sex human reproduction is still up for debate.

For the first time ever, Chinese scientists were able to clone two primates using the technique that produced Dolly the sheep, the first mammal to be cloned from an adult somatic cell via nuclear transfer.

The two cloned female macaques were named Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, and their successful birth opened up the possibility of using the same cloning method to one day clone humans.

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What a time to be alive: Reproductive breakthroughs of the 2010s that changed life as we know it - FOX 10 News Phoenix

What is HLH, and what role did it play in the death of a healthy 34-year-old ESPN reporter? – FirstCoastNews.com WTLV-WJXX

By Stem Cell Medicine

How does a healthy 34-year-old die after being diagnosed with pneumonia?

That's the question at the heart of the tragic and sudden death of an ESPN reporter earlier this week.

According to college football reporter Edward Aschoff's fiance, Katy Berteau, about a week after being diagnosed with a severe form of pneumonia, he began treatment for a "presumed diagnosed" of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Three days after being moved to the ICU, Berteau tweeted from Aschoff's account on Thursday night, he died.

HLH is a rare and complicated condition that's not entirely well-understood by researchers, but it basically stems from your immune system severely overreacting to an infection (such as pneumonia) or another illness.

"It just gets overworked and starts fighting regular tissues, so usually those tissues are organs, like your spleen or your liver," Atlanta area doctor Will Epps said. "So it can result in liver failure or organ failure and unfortunately end up expiring from it."

Here's a general outline:

According to the Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center at the National Institutes of Health, HLHcomes in two forms: A genetic form and an acquired form.

St. Jude Children's Research Hospitalsays the genetic form is more common in young children, while the acquired form, sometimes called the secondary form, usually affects older children and adults, such as Aschoff.

What happens, broadly, is this: Faced with a severe infection, such as pneumonia (or other severe conditions like cancer), a person's immune system overreacts and, as theJohns Hopkins School of Medicine describes it, certain while blood cells called histiocytes and lymphocytes "attack your other blood cells."

"These abnormal blood cells collect in your spleen and liver, causing these organs to enlarge," Johns Hopkins says.

(According to the NIH, HLH may also be associated with a separate genetic condition X-linked lymphoproliferative disease - XLP - when it results from an inappropriate immune response.)

It can cause death in a matter of weeks, according to researchers.

A2012 paper in the medical journal "Clinical Advances in Hematology & Oncology,"outlines adult HLH extensively.

"It is useful to think of HLH as the severe end of a spectrum of hyperinflammatory diseases in which the immune system causes damage to host tissues," the paper's authors, Dr. Roman Leonid Kleynberg and Dr. Gary J. Schiller, wrote.

That paper estimated HLH occurs in only 1.2 cases per one million individuals every year, making it extremely rare.

Specifically amongst children, St. Jude estimates HLH is diagnosed in fewer than 1 out of every 50,000 - 100,000 children per year.

The condition's mortality rate is difficult to pin down because it can fluctuate based on what caused it. Many sources say a common cause is Epstein-Barr virus, for example, and the 2012 paper reported the mortality rate associated with that 18-24 percent. Other causes can have lower mortality rates.

Generally, doctors try both to treat the underlying trigger for HLH and address the immune response.

"Treating that is tamping that down, either through steroids or with a chemotherapeutic agent which tends to attack or lower that immune system," Epps said.

John Hopkins Medicine also details antibiotic and antiviral drugs being used, or if drug treatment fails doctors may turn to stem cell transplants.

There is no known way to prevent HLH.

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What is HLH, and what role did it play in the death of a healthy 34-year-old ESPN reporter? - FirstCoastNews.com WTLV-WJXX

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