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Stem Cell Treatment in India – Dheeraj Bojwani

By Stem Cell Treatment

Get your Stem Cell Treatment in India with Dheeraj Bojwani Consultants

Stem Cell treatment is an intricate process. Stem Cell transplant patients need utmost care with respect to both emotionally and physically. Dheeraj Bojwani Consultants is a prominent medical tourism company in India making world-class medical facilities from best surgeons and hospitals accessible for international patients looking for budget-friendly treatment abroad.

Mrs. Marilyn Obiora - Nigeria Stem Cell Therapy For her Daughter in India

Hi, my name is Mrs. Marilyn Obiora, and I am from Nigeria. I came to India for my daughter's Stem Cell Therapy in India. My daughter had her first stroke in 2011. She couldn't sit, talk and had lost control of her neck. We could not find suitable help for her condition and searched for treatment in India.

We sent a query to the dheerajbojwani.com and received fast reply. Within no time we were in India for my daughter's treatment. We are very pleased with the treatment offered and there has been serious improvement in her condition in just two weeks. Thanks to the Dheeraj Bojwani Consultants, my daughter is regaining proper body functions and recuperating well.

Medical science has come a long way since its practice began thousands of years ago. Scientists are finding superior and more resourceful ways to cure diseases of different organs. Stem cells are undifferentiated parent cells that can transform into specialized cell types, divide further and produce more stem cells of the same group. Stem Cell therapy is performed to prevent or treat a health condition. Stem Cell Treatment is a reproductive therapy where nourishing tissues reinstate damaged tissues for relief from incurable diseases. Stem cell treatment is one of the approaches with a potential to heal a wide range of diseases in the near future. Science has always provided ground-breaking answers to obdurate health conditions, but the latest medical miracle that the medical fraternity has gifted to mankind is the Stem Cell Therapy.

Stem cell therapy is an array of techniques intended to replace cells damaged or destroyed by disease with healthy functioning ones. Even though the techniques are relatively new, their applications and advantages are broad and surprising the medical world with every new research. Stem cells are obtained from bone marrow or human umbilical cord. They are also known as the fundamental cells of our body and have the power to develop into any type of tissue cell in the body. Stem cell treatment is based on the principle that the cells move to the site of injury and transform themselves to form new tissue cells to replace the damaged ones. They have the capacity to proliferate and renew themselves indefinitely and can form mature muscle cells, nerve cells, and blood cells. In this type of therapy, they are derived from the body, kept under artificial conditions where they mature into the type of cells that are required to heal a certain part of the body or disease.

Stem cells are being studied and used to treat different types of cancers, disorders related to the blood, immune disorders, and metabolic disorders. Some other diseases and health conditions that may be healed using stem cell treatment are,

Recently, a team of researchers successfully secured the peripheral nerves in the upper arms of a patient suffering peripheral nerve damage, by using skin-derived stem cells (SDSCs) and a previously developed collagen tube, premeditated to successfully bridge gaps in injured nerves.

A research has found potential in bone marrow stem cell therapy to treat TB. Patients injected with new mesenchymal stromal cells derived from their own bone marrow showed positive response against the TB bacteria. The therapy also didnt show any serious adverse effects.

Stem cells are also used to treat hair loss. A small amount of fat is taken from the waist area of the patient by a mini-liposuction process. This fat contains dormant stem cells, and is then spun to separate the stem cells from the fat. An activation solution is added to the cells, and may be multiplied in number, depending on the size of the bald area. Once activated, the solution is washed off so that only cells remain. Now, the stem cells are injected into the scalp. One can find some hair growth in about two to four weeks.

Damaged cones in retinas can be regenerated and eyesight restored through stem cell. Stem cell therapy could regenerate damaged cones in people, especially in the cone-rich regions of the retina that provide daytime/color vision.

Kidney transplants have become more common and easier thanks stem cell therapy. Normally patients who undergo organ transplants need a lifetime of costly anti-rejection drugs but the new procedure may negate this need, with organ donors stem cells. Unless there is a perfect match donor, patients have to wait long for an organ transplant. Though still in early stages, the stem cell research is being considered as a potential player in the field of transplantation.

Transplanted stem cells serve as migratory signals for the brain's own neurogenic cells, guiding the new host cells towards the injured brain tissue. Stem cells have the potential to give rise to many different cell types that carry out different functions. While the stem cells in adult bone marrow tend to develop into the cells that make up the organ system from which they originated. These multipotent stem cells can be manipulated to take up the characteristics of neural cells.

Experts are using Stem cell Transplant to treat the symptoms of spinal cord injury by transplantation of cells directly into the gray matter of the patients spinal cord. Expectedly, the cells will integrate into the patients own neural tissue and create new circuitry to help transmit nerve signals to muscles. The transplanted cells may also promote reorganization of the spinal cord segmental circuitry, possibly leading to improved motor function.

Stem cells are capable of differentiating into a variety of different cell types, and if the architecture of damaged tendon is restored, it would improve the management of patients with these injuries significantly.

A promising benefit of stem cell therapy is its potential for cardiac tissue regeneration to reverse tissue loss underlying the development of heart failure after cardiac injury. Possible mechanisms of recovery include generation of heart muscle cells, stimulation of new blood vessels growth, secretion of growth factors.

It is a complex and multifarious procedure, with several risks and complications involved and is thus recommended to a few patients when other treatments have failed. Stem Cell therapy is recommended when other treatments fail to give positive results. The best candidates for Stem cell Treatment are those in good health and have stem cells available from a sibling, or any other family member.

India has been recognized as the new medical destination for Stem Cell therapies. Hundreds of international patients from around the world visit to India for high quality medical care at par with developed nations like the US, UK, at the most affordable costs. The Hospitals in India have the most extensive diagnostic and imaging facilities including Asias most advanced MRI and CT technology. India provides services of the most leading doctors and Stem Cell Therapy professionals at reasonable cost budget in the following cities

India offers outstanding Stem Cell Treatment at rates far below that prevailing in USA or other Western countries. Even with travel expenses taken into account, the comprehensive medical tourism packages still provide a savings measured in the thousands of dollars for major procedures. A cost comparison can give you the exact idea about the difference:

There are many reasons for India becoming a popular medical tourism spot is the low cost stem cell treatment in the area. When in contrast to the first world countries like, US and UK, medical care in India costs as much as 60-90% lesser, that makes it a great option for the citizens of those countries to opt for stem cell treatment in India because of availability of quality healthcare in India, affordable prices strategic connectivity, food, zero language barrier and many other reasons.

The maximum number of patients for Stem Cell Treatment comes from Nigeria, Kenya, Ethiopia, USA, UK, Australia, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Uzbekistan, Bangladesh

Below are the downloadable links that will help you to plan your medical trip to India in a more organized and better way. Attached word and pdf files gives information that will help you to know India more and make your trip to India easy and memorable one.

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Stem Cell Treatment in India - Dheeraj Bojwani

Top Six Reasons Why Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Fail …

By Platelet Rich Plasma Injections

The other day we received an email from a person who had Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection that failed to produce any results. Not impressed, did not work for me. Had it done for my back, she said. Comments like these are charged with emotions as almost all of these patients have paid for PRP injections out of their own pockets. Thats why the same patient also added later but did empty my wallet. For us, her comment was one of the kinder ones. Others, who were really mad at seeing their money wasted, called it a sham, quackery, and ways for doctors to make money. We understand this sentiment. And we cant argue with the fact that these treatments may have been failures.

But the thing is very few people, including some expert physicians understand why these PRP injections fail.

In the 1990s, there were about 150 new research articles on Platelet-Rich Plasma every year. At least in the Pubmed database. Back then, only a select group of physicians who really understood the treatment actually offered it to their patients. Now, just this year alone, there were more than 600 new articles. The trend line has gone from a gradual climb to a U curve or exploding popularity.

And so did the number of physicians offering this treatment.

Certainly, money wasnt the objective for those physicians for if it were, the best ways to do it wouldve been to prescribe a battery of tests, drugs and surgeries approved by insurance companies. Instead, the physicians started offering it once they knew well the inherent benefits of an interventional autologous medicine like Platelet-Rich Plasma.

The problem is, not all physicians were that passionate about it.

Some did it because patients asked for it. Some did it because everyone else was doing it. Still others just wanted to experiment with it casually.

And so not all Platelet-Rich Plasma injections worked. Thats why, as the treatment exploded in popularity, we saw a small portion of those treatments end up being a waste of the patients money and that gets talked about a lot because, as I mentioned above, the patient usually has huge emotional response to the outcome.

But on the other hand, majority of the patients are happy about their results.

Thats another response we got on the SAME DAY that this women told us it didnt work for her. Another physician also told us the very same day, PRP works great. We have had fantastic results on patients in the office.

So whats making the difference?

Why do some PRP treatments work spectacularly while some others turn out to be a dud?

Thats what well explain in the rest of this post here. There are six main reasons why it can fail. Plus a seventh no-so-common reason. Lets look at them one by one.

As much as the Platelet-Rich Plasma injection enthusiasts would like beat the drum of its universality of application, there are certain instances where a PRP injection may be unnecessary. The classic case is demonstrated in the 2015 Double-Blind Randomized, Placebo-controlled Study that showed that PRP injections are NOT beneficial at all.

According to expert researchers we subscribe to, it is clear that this study had selected the WRONG PATIENTS!!!

Heres what that means. This study, conducted by researchers at Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, New Jersey, was done in the emergency care department where patients whod just had a ankle sprain were given a Platelet-Rich Plasma Injection.

First of all, ankle sprains are relatively acute medical condition, commonly occurring due to over-stretching and tearing of the muscle or tendon. And theyre usually healed on their own. The thing that emergency care physicians usually do for this condition is to put ice packs or local anesthetic to numb the pain so the patient can rest. For patients whore very active, their body is able to heal itself from most of these types of ankle sprains very rapidly. For them, a PRP injection might not accelerate healing. On the other hand, because injections break up the tissue and poke holes, it can actually cause unnecessary complications.

Thats why successful studies on Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections are almost always done on chronic wounds and injuries that wouldnt heal on its own. If youre out to test PRPs efficacy, the untreated-by-PRP control group should be non-healable so we can determine clearly the effects of PRP.

So definitely, Platelet-Rich Plasma injections are not ideal for emergency care.

The same is true for patients on the other end of the spectrum. That is the category of patients whod been on steroids and drugs for a long time and are in the very advanced stages of the disease. Although there might be hope, Platelet-Rich Plasma might not be enough to reverse course here.

The ideal candidate for Platelet-Rich Plasma injection is a patient who has a relatively new, chronic musculoskeletal condition and whose only other option is surgery or heavy steroid/drug use.

2. Use of certain drugs

One of the other reasons why Platelet-Rich Plasma may not be ideal for emergency care patients is that when patients come in with intense pain, its a common practice for the ER physician to administer powerful local anesthetics and/or steroids in high dose. The problem with both of them is that they are are known to be toxic to stem cells and growth factors as shown here here, here and here. So if youre using these steroids, anesthetics or drugs, it is recommended to wait till the patient can get off of them before applying Platelet-Rich Plasma. Otherwise, the toxicity of the chemicals may limit Platelet-Rich Plasmas ability to recruit stem cells to the area.

For example, the local anesthetic Marcaine is found to be extremely harmful to stem cells even in small quantities. So as a general practice, the patient has to avoid harmful steroids, anesthetics and drugs at the time or up to 48 hours prior to PRP injections.

3. Lack of Rehab

Its been reported that PRP injection works well when combined with the physical therapy for sports injuries. However, some physicians mistakenly see PRP injections as an alternative to physical therapy. Hence the comparisons like these where PRP is pitted as a rival to physical therapy. The fact is Platelet-Rich Plasma can only supplement the effects of a proper rehabilitation program as illustrated in this study which demonstrated that PRP + physiotherapy is more effective than Dry Needling + Physiotherapy for patellar tendonisis.

There is one thing we need to add to that though. Most PRP injections are done in a way that breaks up scar tissue and triggers new healing response to which the platelets can respond. So the best post-Platelet-Rich Plasma treatment rehab program is one which treats the patients as if they just had an acute injury. Meaning, the physiotherapy regimen following a PRP injection has to aim at square one stimulation of blood flow to the injured area to provoke the inflammatory response. This is a different approach than the usual where the PT tries to attenuate the inflammatory response.

4. Under dosing

Under-dosing is a serious problem in this field. If youre using PRP with below 3X platelet concentration, youre under-dosing your patients. An example is the PT vs PRP study we highlighted earlier. Not only did they mistakenly conclude that Platelet-Rich Plasma could be an alternative to Physiotherapy, they were severely under dosing the patients by using PRP with 2.1-2.5X concentration of platelets.

Studies have shown that a concentration of at least 1,000,000 platelets/l is needed for optimal therapeutic benefits. That is 5X the concentration of platelets in normal whole blood. Here is one such study.

That is the very reason why we advocate not using Gel-based PRP Kit for PRP separation. The problem with gel-based kit is that most of the platelets will get trapped in the gel. Instead a kit like DrPRP kit gives you 5X-9X platelets because it uses a mechanical separation process while giving the same 1-step convenience of gel separators.

5. Using PRP as just another injectate

There is a fundamental difference between Platelet-Rich Plasma based orthopedic intervention and typical modern surgical and drug-based treatment. And that is surgery and the drugs are designed to eliminate symptoms of diseases. For example, pain is one of many symptoms that occur when a certain part of the body is out of balance. By taking a drug, steroid, NSAID or even undergoing surgical correction, the physician hopes that the pain goes away. This approach has led to all the problems that we face in modern orthopedic medicine. Because when we treat symptoms, the underlying problems usually dont go away.

But scores of physicians look at Platelet-Rich Plasma with that same attitude. They inject Platelet-Rich Plasma expecting the symptoms to go away.

Thats NOT what Platelet-Rich Plasma is for.

Platelet-Rich Plasma is a HEALING AGENT. Its different. Its not designed to eliminate symptoms like a drug. The only thing that PRP can do is use the body to heal itself.

So the first task, if youre an orthopedic surgeon or someone treating a musculoskeletal issue, is to IDENTIFY precisely whats producing the symptoms. This means looking at the connection between various muscles, tendons and ligaments. Understanding how they work in unison and finding out whats causing stress in the system. All the muscles and ligaments and tendons are like different pieces of the puzzle pulling weights in sync with their functions. So if theres a anomaly in the whole picture, chances are one of the pieces of the puzzle is not able to carry out its job.

For an easy example, a tightness in the hamstring might be a result of a twisted ligament or bone in the back caused by a bad sitting posture. So in addition to injecting PRP to the hamstring, you might also need to inject to the ligament or bone on the back. And advise the patient to change posture.

This is the definition of Interventional Orthopedics.

And it requires extensive experience on the anatomy AND delivering precise injections into the weaker links in the musculoskeletal system to improve overall function of the body. This means using image guidance technologies like fluoroscopy (Ultrasound guidance isnt enough) to accurately place Platelet-Rich Plasma on areas which require healing. These type of injections enable efficient tissue regeneration and healing, and is usually not taught in medical school, residency, or fellowship.

Thats why we encourage physicians whore offering PRP injections to get certified by taking one of the courses at the non-profit Interventional Orthopedics foundation.

Getting certified in Advanced Injection practices will make your Platelet-Rich Plasma results more consistent. There is a must-have for all physicians offering PRP Injections. It will also educate you on all the different ways regenerative medicine is being used right now.

6. Thinking only about relieving pain

We touched on it a little on the section above, but this is a broad topic that deserves an explanation on its own. Platelet-Rich Plasma as a healing tool is not something that you should make use of when your patients are in pain. Instead, PRP is used for a wide variety of issues that doesnt involve pain including wound healing, skin aging reversal, wrinkle correction, dry eye syndrome, nerve regeneration, bone union, hair regeneration and even womens fertility restoration and strengthening the uterus.

The bottom line is Platelet-Rich Plasma isnt just a tool for containing pain due to sports injuries. That days are far behind us now. Today, every physician, from the family physicians to neurologists and cardiologists, to fertility specialists and optometrists, to dermatologists and hair restoration experts everyone uses Platelet-Rich Plasma.

Plus, more and more applications are discovered every day.

Platelet-Rich Plasma, on its own without funding by Big Pharma or the government, has become an integral part of modern medicine.

BONUS: The 7th Reason Why PRP Injections Fail

We know all analogies are imperfect but we like to use the expresso shot analogy when it comes to platelets. Platelets are like expresso shots for healing. But like expresso shots, your body cant function using expresso shots alone. It needs food. Thats why studies like this one by Giusti has shown that super concentrating the Platelets may not only be useless, it can actually be harmful. What they did was completely isolate Platelets and platelets alone and applied it in different concentrations on tendon cells to see if higher concentrations hurt or helped. Thats not Platelet-Rich Plasma. Thats just platelets.

And Platelets alone cant do the job. In fact, it has nothing to support the survival of cells.

Instead, Platelet-Rich Plasma, is rich in Platelets while also including a small portion of RBC, WBC and the plasma serum which contains the nutrients the cells needed to survive.

Thats why research shows that taking the concentration above 1,000,000 platelets/l doesnt necessarily increase therapeutic benefits and as the Giusti study pointed out, it can actually have a detrimental effect.

This may not be an issue for the average physician, but it is possible to make this mistake thinking that higher concentration is better. Thats why we believe choosing the right Platelet-Rich Plasma kit plays an important role.

Because the kit has to produce Platelet-Rich Plasma in the ideal concentration not just Platelets so it can work every single time you administer it on patients.

Speaking of the composition of Platelet-Rich Plasma, the famed Stanford researcher and Platelet-Rich Plasma pioneer Allan K. Mishra has recently filed a patent application titled PLATELET RICH PLASMA FORMULATIONS which can be found here. In it, Mishra claims hes identified specific concentration of platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells for treating treating connective tissue and/or cardiac tissue damage. Its worth a look if youre curious.

If you need help in getting started with Platelet-Rich Plasma, dont hesitate to give us a call at (844) 377-7787 for a quick consultation. We can support you not only in supplying all the necessary equipment, but also provide you with the information you need to be a confident pioneer in this field. Were looking forward to having you as part of our family.

You can also email us via hello@drprpusa.com or visit our shop to order directly.

Thank you for reading our blog. We love you.:)

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Top Six Reasons Why Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Fail ...

What Is Another Name for Somatic Stem Cells and What Do …

By Somatic Stem Cells

Somatic stem cells are also referred to as adult stem cells. Unlike embryonic stem cells, somatic stem cells come from a fully developed human being. Somatic stem cells are somewhat specialized to produce certain kinds of cells. However, scientists are currently working on ways to increase their range of use in cutting-edge therapies.

Adult stem cells have been found in a wide range of organs and tissues, including bone marrow, blood vessel, brain, epithelium, heart, intestine, liver, ovary, skeletal muscle, skin, teeth, and testis.

While these cells are programmed to become a certain type of cell, they are still capable of differentiation. For example, bone marrow stem cells can differentiate into either red or white blood cells. While brain stem cells could form neurons or supporting brain cells, they would typically not become cell types found in other organs.

Somatic stem cells typically divide to form mature cell types that have the characteristics necessary to become a functional part of tissues or organs, a process called normal differentiation.

Certain types of somatic stem cells have been found to have the capacity to give rise to cell types for organs or tissues not in their lineage. For example, brain stem cells that differentiate into cardiac muscle cells. This phenomenon is called transdifferentiation.

Doctors performed the first bone marrow transplant in 1968. The procedure also marked the first medical use of somatic stem cells, as bone marrow cells can differentiate into red blood cells or white blood cells. Today bone marrow transplants are used to treat a range of ailments, from blood cancers to immune disorders.

In 2010, a biotech company called Neuralstem began conducting clinical trials for the use of spinal cord stem cells to treat Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrigs Disease. The second phase of these trials was conducted in September 2013.

With embryonic stem cells, which are stem cells derived from fertilized human eggs, sparking an intense political and ethical debate, many researchers are turning to somatic stem cells as a less divisive alternative.

The problems is that embryonic stem cells can become any type of cell in the body -- while somatic cells are more restricted to a specific lineage. Embryonic stem cells are also more easily grown in culture, according to the National Institutes of Health.

However, because a patient's own cells can be used in a somatic stem cell treatment regimen -- they are thought to be less likely to cause a rejection after transplantation. The lack of a rejection response by the body's immune system would eliminate the need for immunosuppressive drugs, which often cause undesirable side effects.

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What Is Another Name for Somatic Stem Cells and What Do ...

Pros And Cons Of Stem Cell Research – Popular Issues

By Stell Cell Research

Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Research - What are Stem Cells? There has been much controversy in the press recently about the pros and cons of stem cell research. What is the controversy all about? "Stem" cells can be contrasted with "differentiated" cells. They offer much hope for medical advancement because of their ability to grow into almost any kind of cell. For instance, neural cells in the brain and spinal cord that have been damaged can be replaced by stem cells. In the treatment of cancer, cells destroyed by radiation or chemotherapy can be replaced with new healthy stem cells that adapt to the affected area, whether it be part of the brain, heart, liver, lungs, or wherever. Dead cells of almost any kind, no matter the type of injury or disease, can be replaced with new healthy cells thanks to the amazing flexibility of stem cells. As a result, billions of dollars are being poured into this new field.

Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Research - Where Do They Come From? To understand the pros and cons of stem cell research, one must first understand where stem cells come from. There are three main sources for obtaining stem cells - adult cells, cord cells, and embryonic cells. Adult stem cells can be extracted either from bone marrow or from the peripheral system. Bone marrow is a rich source of stem cells. However, some painful destruction of the bone marrow results from this procedure. Peripheral stem cells can be extracted without damage to bones, but the process takes more time. And with health issues, time is often of the essence. Although difficult to extract, since they are taken from the patient's own body, adult stem cells are superior to both umbilical cord and embryonic stem cells. They are plentiful. There is always an exact DNA match so the body's immune system never rejects them. And as we might expect, results have been both profound and promising.

Stem cells taken from the umbilical cord are a second very rich source of stem cells. Umbilical cells can also offer a perfect match where a family has planned ahead. Cord cells are extracted during pregnancy and stored in cryogenic cell banks as a type of insurance policy for future use on behalf of the newborn. Cord cells can also be used by the mother, the father or others. The more distant the relationship, the more likely it is that the cells will be rejected by the immune system's antibodies. However, there are a number of common cell types just as there are common blood types so matching is always possible especially where there are numerous donors. The donation and storage process is similar to blood banking. Donation of umbilical cells is highly encouraged. Compared to adult cells and embryonic cells, the umbilical cord is by far the richest source of stem cells, and cells can be stored up in advance so they are available when needed. Further, even where there is not an exact DNA match between donor and recipient, scientists have developed methods to increase transferability and reduce risk.

Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Research - Embryonic Cells The pros and cons of stem cell research come to the surface when we examine the third source of stem cells - embryonic cells. Embryonic stem cells are extracted directly from an embryo before the embryo's cells begin to differentiate. At this stage the embryo is referred to as a "blastocyst." There are about 100 cells in a blastocyst, a very large percentage of which are stem cells, which can be kept alive indefinitely, grown in cultures, where the stem cells continue to double in number every 2-3 days. A replicating set of stem cells from a single blastocyst is called a "stem cell line" because the genetic material all comes from the same fertilized human egg that started it. President Bush authorized federal funding for research on the 15 stem cell lines available in August 2001. Other stem cell lines are also available for research but without the coveted assistance of federal funding.

So what is the controversy all about? Those who value human life from the point of conception, oppose embryonic stem cell research because the extraction of stem cells from this type of an embryo requires its destruction. In other words, it requires that a human life be killed. Some believe this to be the same as murder. Against this, embryonic research advocates argue that the tiny blastocyst has no human features. Further, new stem cell lines already exist due to the common practice of in vitro fertilization. Research advocates conclude that many fertilized human cells have already been banked, but are not being made available for research. Advocates of embryonic stem cell research claim new human lives will not be created for the sole purpose of experimentation.

Others argue against such research on medical grounds. Mice treated for Parkinson's with embryonic stem cells have died from brain tumors in as much as 20% of cases.1 Embryonic stem cells stored over time have been shown to create the type of chromosomal anomalies that create cancer cells.2 Looking at it from a more pragmatic standpoint, funds devoted to embryonic stem cell research are funds being taken away from the other two more promising and less controversial types of stem cell research mentioned above.

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Pros And Cons Of Stem Cell Research - Popular Issues

Stem Cell Basics II. | stemcells.nih.gov

By Stell Cell Research

Stem cells differ from other kinds of cells in the body. All stem cellsregardless of their sourcehave three general properties: they are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods; they are unspecialized; and they can give rise to specialized cell types.

Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods. Unlike muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cellswhich do not normally replicate themselvesstem cells may replicate many times, or proliferate. A starting population of stem cells that proliferates for many months in the laboratory can yield millions of cells. If the resulting cells continue to be unspecialized, like the parent stem cells, the cells are said to be capable of long-term self-renewal.

Scientists are trying to understand two fundamental properties of stem cells that relate to their long-term self-renewal:

Discovering the answers to these questions may make it possible to understand how cell proliferation is regulated during normal embryonic development or during the abnormal cell division that leads to cancer. Such information would also enable scientists to grow embryonic and non-embryonic stem cells more efficiently in the laboratory.

The specific factors and conditions that allow stem cells to remain unspecialized are of great interest to scientists. It has taken scientists many years of trial and error to learn to derive and maintain stem cells in the laboratory without them spontaneously differentiating into specific cell types. For example, it took two decades to learn how to grow human embryonic stem cells in the laboratory following the development of conditions for growing mouse stem cells. Likewise, scientists must first understand the signals thatenable a non-embryonic (adult)stem cell population to proliferate and remain unspecialized before they will be able to grow large numbers of unspecialized adult stem cells in the laboratory.

Stem cells are unspecialized. One of the fundamental properties of a stem cell is that it does not have any tissue-specific structures that allow it to perform specialized functions. For example, a stem cell cannot work with its neighbors to pump blood through the body (like a heart muscle cell), and it cannot carry oxygen molecules through the bloodstream (like a red blood cell). However, unspecialized stem cells can give rise to specialized cells, including heart muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells.

Stem cells can give rise to specialized cells. When unspecialized stem cells give rise to specialized cells, the process is called differentiation. While differentiating, the cell usually goes through several stages, becoming more specialized at each step. Scientists are just beginning to understand the signals inside and outside cells that trigger each step of the differentiation process. The internal signals are controlled by a cell's genes, which are interspersed across long strands of DNA and carry coded instructions for all cellular structures and functions. The external signals for cell differentiation include chemicals secreted by other cells, physical contact with neighboring cells, and certain molecules in the microenvironment. The interaction of signals during differentiation causes the cell's DNA to acquire epigenetic marks that restrict DNA expression in the cell and can be passed on through cell division.

Many questions about stem cell differentiation remain. For example, are the internal and external signals for cell differentiation similar for all kinds of stem cells? Can specific sets of signals be identified that promote differentiation into specific cell types? Addressing these questions may lead scientists to find new ways to control stem cell differentiation in the laboratory, thereby growing cells or tissues that can be used for specific purposes such as cell-based therapies or drug screening.

Adult stem cells typically generate the cell types of the tissue in which they reside. For example, a blood-forming adult stem cell in the bone marrow normally gives rise to the many types of blood cells. It is generally accepted that a blood-forming cell in the bone marrowwhich is called a hematopoietic stem cellcannot give rise to the cells of a very different tissue, such as nerve cells in the brain. Experiments over the last several years have purported to show that stem cells from one tissue may give rise to cell types of a completely different tissue. This remains an area of great debate within the research community. This controversy demonstrates the challenges of studying adult stem cells and suggests that additional research using adult stem cells is necessary to understand their full potential as future therapies.

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Stem Cell Basics II. | stemcells.nih.gov

Embryonic Stem Cell Research Pros and Cons | HRFnd

By Embryonic Stem Cells

There may not be a greater debate in the medical community right now than that of embryonic stem cell research. Initially banned by the Federal government, these stem cells often originate from human embryos that were created for couples with reproductive issues and would be discarded. These stem cells are thought to be the key that will unlock the cure to many diseases, from Alzheimers to rare immune and even genetic disorders. On the other side of the issue, some see the destruction of an embryo as the murder of an unborn child.

The primary benefit of this research is the enormous amount of potential that it holds. Embryonic stem cells have the ability to create new organs, tissues, and systems within the human body. With a little guidance from scientists, these stem cells have shown that they can become new organs, new blood vessels, and even new ligaments for those with ACL tears. By culturing stem cells and them implanting them, recovery times could be halved for many serious injuries, illnesses, and diseases.

Because nearly one-third of the population could benefit from treatments and therapies that could originate from embryonic stem cell research, many scientists believe that this field could alleviate as much human suffering as the development of antibiotics was able to do. Because funding was restricted on embryonic stem cell lines for several years, however, the chances of any therapies being viable in the near future are slim.

The primary argument against this research is a moral one. Some people see the creation of an embryo as the creation of life, so to terminate that life would equate to murder. This primarily originates from a point of view where life as we define it begins at conception, which would mean that any medical advancement from this research would be at best unethical.

Those against this research argue that since the creation of this research field in the early 1980s, there have been no advancements in it whatsoever. Because of this lack of advancement, it could mean decades of additional research, thousands of embryos destroyed to further that research, and that is morally unacceptable for some.

The debate about embryonic stem cell research isnt in the potential benefits that this field of study could produce. It is in the ethics and morality of how embryonic stem cells are created. There often is no in-between view in this area: you either define life at some part of the physical development of the human body during the pregnancy or you define it at conception. This view then tends to lead each person to one side of this debate. Where do you stand?

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Embryonic Stem Cell Research Pros and Cons | HRFnd

Denver Stem Cell | Area’s Leading Stem Cell Doctors

By Stem Cell Doctors

Colorado Pain Care LLC 2696 S. Colorado Blvd Suite 110 Denver, CO 80222 Office Hours: Mon - Fri 8AM-5PM

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Dr. Jason Krutsch and the Denver Stem Cell team are thrilled to offer you the best in Regenerative Therapies for your painful orthopedic condition. Your care is provided by Medical Doctor Anesthesiologists, a 5280 Magazine Top doctor and the finest procedural team in Denvers Front Range!

It all starts with an accurate diagnosis. In your FREE 1 hour initial consultation, Dr. Krutsch will utilize patient history, focused physical exam and advanced imaging to determine what type of candidate you are for Regenerative Medicine and which therapy is best for you.

You will learn about the incredible benefits of Stem Cell and Platelet Rich Plasma and how it can help reverse painful conditions like osteoarthritis and muscle/tendon tears. A customized rehab program is part of every patients treatment. With the Denver Stem Cell team you could be on your way to rebuilding cartilage, rejuvenating your body and reclaiming your life!

CALL NOW for aFREE CONSULT!

In Pain? There is Hope for Relief & Higher Quality of Life.

Knee osteoarthritis and meniscal tears

Shoulder rotator cuff tears, impingement and arthritis

Ankle and Foot Arthritis, chronic sprains

Neck Pain, Low Back & Hip Pain

Denver Stem Cell is all about using your own cells to repair damaged tissue from arthritis or injury. The most researched and clinically proven areas to treat with stem cells and PRP are joints, muscles and tendons. Treating conditions like diabetes and autoimmune diseases with stem cell therapy is still considered experimental. Here is a list of the most common areas treated by Denver Stem cell:

Schedule your FREE CONSULT with Dr. Krutsch!

Learn more in this patient success story.

Colorado Pain Practice, LLC (Colorado Pain Care) cannot guarantee any results of stem cell or regenerative therapy. Colorado Pain Care is not offering stem cell therapy or any other regenerative therapies as a cure for any condition, disease, or injury. No statements or implied treatments made in these materials or otherwise discussed with respect to stem cell or regenerative therapy have been approved or disapproved by the FDA. Colorado Pain Care does not claim that any applications or potential applications using stem cells or regenerative therapy are approved by the FDA or are even effective. Colorado Pain Care does not claim that these treatments work by an listed or unlisted condition, intended or implied. Colorado Pain Care strongly encourages all potential patients to talk with their doctor and do their own research based on the options presented in order to make a fully informed decision before choosing to move forward with considering stem cell or regenerative therapies. All statements provided in these specific materials are for educational and informational purposes only and do not constitute medical advice.

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Denver Stem Cell | Area's Leading Stem Cell Doctors

Difference Between Somatic Cells and Gametes …

By Somatic Stem Cells

Somatic Cells vs Gametes

The most important structures in the cell during division are the chromosomes, which contain DNA. This is because they are responsible for the transmission of the hereditary information from one generation to the next. Cells in the body are of two types depending on the number of chromosomes present in the nucleus. The two types are somatic cells and gametes.

What are Somatic Cells?

A somatic cell is any cell other than a germline cell found in the body of a multicellular organism. These are diploid cells having two sets of chromosomes; one is maternal and the other is paternal. When considering one homologous pair, one chromosome is inherited from the mother, and the other is inherited from the father. For an example, a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes arranged in to 23 pairs in which one chromosome of each pair is maternal, and the other is paternal. Stem cells produced by mitosis undergo differentiation and give rise to different types of somatic cells, which intern form almost all the internal and external structures of the body.

What are Gametes?

Unlike the somatic cells, gametes are haploid cells, which carry unpaired chromosomes. A gamete of a particular multicellular organism always carries only half the number of chromosomes carried by a somatic cell of that particular organism. For an example, a human gamete contains only 23 chromosomes where as a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. Germ cells are the cells which give rise to gametes. Meiosis takes place during gametogenesis (process of gamete production) giving rise to haploid cells. Haploid gametes fuse during sexual reproduction giving rise to a diploid zygote.

What is the Difference between Somatic Cells and Gametes?

Somatic cells are diploid cells, whereas the gametes are haploid cells.

Stem cells give rise to somatic cells, and germ cells give rise to gametes.

Meiosis does not take place during the production of somatic cells, whereas meiosis takes place during gametogenesis (production of gametes) giving rise to haploid cells.

Somatic cells contain homologous pairs of chromosomes, whereas gametes contain only unpaired chromosomes.

Somatic cells form internal and external structures of the body, whereas gametes do not.

Somatic cells are found almost everywhere in the body, whereas gametes are restricted to certain parts.

Somatic cells do not fuse during sexual reproduction, whereas gametes fuse during sexual reproduction giving rise to a diploid zygote.

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Stem Cell Research Facts | Charlotte Lozier Institute Project

By Stem Cell Doctors

Learn the answers to questions like ..."Who is benefitting from stem cell research and therapies today?" and "What types of stem cells are working?" In addition, basic questions such as "What is a stem cell?""Why do we need stem cell research?" are answered.

The video patient profiles featured on this site emphasize ADULT stem cell advances with the goal of informing and the hope of inspiring you to take action. These stories represent a small sampling of people and the many diseases and conditions now being treated by adult stem cells naturally found in the human body. Stem Cell Research Facts illustrates how current adult treatments and therapies directly impact the lives of patients and their families today - as opposed to debating the merits of other types of stem cell research.

We invite you to discover, learn and share the incredible possibilities of stem cell research. We welcome your feedback and encourage you to return for the latest developments in the world of stem cell research. Thank you!

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Stem Cell Research Facts | Charlotte Lozier Institute Project

Stem Cell Clinic Palmetto – Stem Cell Therapy Greenwood …

By Stem Cell Clinic

Umbilical cord cells include stem cells, growth factors and a range of other beneficial proteins and compounds. We only use umbilical cord blood which has been purified to get rid of any harmful substances that might cause rejection of the treatment by your body. We inject the treated cord blood into the affected area, where the various active compounds found in cord cells go to work immediately to begin inflammation reduction and the promotion of healthy cell division and renewal. Some of the active compounds at work include VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor), IL-LRA (Interleukin-1, a receptor antagonist, stem cell factors (SCF), FGF-2 (Fibroblast Growth Factor-2) and Transforming Growth Factor-beta (TGF-beta). Each of these compounds has a slightly different effect, but the net result is that the damaged cells in your joints are given the ingredients they need to kick-start healthy renewal and regeneration. The injection creates a healthier environment that encourages positive, healing changes to take place. A better blood and oxygen supply to the area, a reduction in damaging chronic inflammation and stimulation of healthy tissue growth are all typical consequences of the minimally invasive stem cell treatments we provide. By using umbilical cord cells in this way, its possible to transform joint therapy into a holistic healing process that prompts the body to enhance its own regenerative efforts. This results in a natural process of joint health improvement in the weeks or months following the injection.

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Stem Cell Clinic Palmetto - Stem Cell Therapy Greenwood ...

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