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Researchers engineer new thyroid cells – Science Daily


Science Daily
Researchers engineer new thyroid cells
Science Daily
Researchers from Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), engineered mouse embryonic stem cells cultured in the lab to express a genetic switch for a specific gene, Nkx2-1, that is important for thyroid development. Then they guided the embryonic ...
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Researchers engineer new thyroid cells - Science Daily

Integrative Biology Conference | Biology Conferences …

Sessions/Tracks

Conference Series Ltd invites participants from all over the world to 5thInternational Conference onIntegrative Biology(Integrative Biology 2017) is scheduled to be held during June 19-21, 2017in London, UK,which aims to gather the most elegant societies and industries along with the renowned and honorable persons form top universities across the globe.

Integrative Biology 2017 offers a premier forum to inspire collaboration among biologists and to share trans-disciplinary integrative thinking to unravel the underlying principal mechanisms and process in biology and medicine. Integrative Biology 2017 mainly emphasis on understanding cellular and molecular mechanisms related to health and disease. Integrative Biology become a label of choice for research, to address and generates new information and new ideas by bringing diverse expertise to problems, so that individual and institutional expertise becomes broader and more exploratory as a consequence.

As name Integrative Biology reflects belief that the study of biological systems is best approached by incorporating many perspectives like Cell Biology,Molecular biology, Genetic Engineering and rDNA Technology, Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Systems Biology, Developmental Biology,Structural biology,Bio-Engineering, Genomics, Cancer Biology, Biophysics. We bring together a diversity of disciplines that complement one another to unravel the complexity of biology. The concept includesanatomy, physiology,cell biology,biochemistryandbiophysics, and covers animals, human and microorganisms. Our broad range of expertise includes: cell biologist, geneticists, physiologists, molecular biologist, computational biologist, systems biologists, structural biologist, expert in bioinformatics, biophysicists and biotechnologists.

Our Conference will provide a perfect platform addressing:

Londons life sciences sector is a shining jewel and a cornerstone of the citys economy. With a rich history of achievements and medical firsts, the sector employs more than 21,000 in private sector industry, hospitals and research facilities including more than 2,000 researchers. The sector impact is in the manner: $720 Million Indirect benefits/ Economic Spinoffs; 780 number of principal researchers and 19 research institutes.

About London:

Londonis thecapitaland most populous city ofEnglandand theUnited Kingdom.Standing on theRiver Thamesin the south east of the island ofGreat Britain, London has been a major settlement for two millennia. It was founded by theRomans, who named itLondinium.London's ancient core, theCity of London, largely retains its 1.12-square-mile medievalboundaries. Since at least the 19th century, "London" has also referred to the metropolis around this core, historically split betweenMiddlesex,Essex,Surrey,Kent, andHertfordshire,which today largely makes upGreater Londongoverned by theMayor of Londonand theLondon Assembly.

London is a leadingglobal city,in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism, and transport.It is one of the world's leadingfinancial centresand has thefifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world.London is a world cultural capital.

Integrative Biology 2017invites all interested participants to join us for this esteemed event at the exquisite destination London. For more:conferenceseries.com

Track: Integrative Biology

An Integrative Biology approach addresses the biological question(s) by integrating holistic (genome wide; omics-) approaches with in depth functional analysis and computation biology (modeling), thereby integrating wet and dry lab approaches. Integrative Biology 2017 offers a premier forum to share trans-disciplinary integrative thinking to unravel the underlying principal mechanisms and process in biology and medicine.

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6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research,Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21,2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine,Beijing, China, July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017.

Track: Cell Biology

Cell biologyis a branch of biology that studies cells their physiological properties, their structure, the organelles they contain, interactions with their environment, their life cycle, division, death and cell function. This is done both on a microscopic and molecular level. The advancing live cell imaging encompasses its applications to Biochips for cell biology, Single-cell ros imaging and Experimental models and clinical transplantation in cell biology and indeed many more.

Session includes following Topics:

Cell Organelles: Function and Dysfunction, Cell Biology of Host-Pathogen Interactions,Cancer Cell Biology, Cell Biology of Metabolic Diseases,Cell Biology of Ageing, Cell Signaling and Intracellular Trafficking,Cell Death, Cell Stress, Cell Division and Cell Cycle.

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Track: Developmental Biology

Developmental Biology session mainlyfocuses on mechanisms ofdevelopment, differentiation, andgrowthinanimals molecular, cellular, genetic and evolutionary levels. Areas of particular emphasis include transcriptional control mechanisms, embryonic patterning,cell-cell interactions, growth factors and signal transduction, and regulatory hierarchies in developing plants and animals. Research Areas Include:- Molecular geneticsof development, Control ofgene expression, Cell interactions and cell-matrix interactions, Mechanisms of differentiation, Growth factors and oncogenes,Regulation of stem cell populations, Evolution of developmental control, and Gametogenesis and fertilization.

AgainNational Science Foundationhas bought its focus on Developmental Biology Branch too for funding and encouraging research. TheWelcome Trusttoo supports the Four Year PhD Programme with its funding to encourage the growing research interest in the field.

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Track: Molecular Biology

Molecular biologyconcerns the molecular basis of biological activity between the various systems of a cell, including the interactions between the different types of DNA, RNA and proteins and theirbiosynthesis, and studies how these interactions are regulated. It has many applications like in gene finding, molecular mechanisms of diseases and its therapeutic approaches by cloning, expression and regulation of gene. Research area includes gene expression, epigenetics and chromatin structure and function,RNA processing, functions of non-coding RNAs, transcription. Nowadays, Most advanced researches are going on these topics: Molecular biology, DNA replication, repair and recombination,Transcription, RNA processing, Post-translational modification, proteomics, Mutation, Site-directed mutagenesis,Epigenetics,chromatin structure and function, Molecular mechanisms of diseases.

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Trcak: Structural Biology

Structural biologyseeks to provide a complete and coherent picture of biological phenomena at the molecular and atomic level. The goals of structural biology include developing a comprehensive understanding of the molecular shapes and forms embraced by biological macromolecules and extending this knowledge to understand how different molecular architectures are used to perform the chemical reactions that are central to life. Most recent topics related to structural biology are: Structural Biochemistry,Structure and Function Determination, Hybrid Approaches for Structure Prediction,Structural Biology In Cancer Research,Computational Approaches in Structural Biology,Strucutural Biology Databases.

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Track: Cancer Biology

Cancer biology encompasses the application of systems biology approaches to cancer research, in order to study the disease as a complex adaptive system with emerging properties at multiple biological scales. More explicitly, because cancer spans multiple biological, spatial and temporal scales, communication and feedback mechanisms across the scales create a highly complex dynamic system.

Cancer biologytherefore adopts a holistic view of cancer aimed at integrating its many biological scales, including genetics, signaling networks,epigenetics, cellular behavior, histology, (pre)clinical manifestations and epidemiology. Basic researchers and clinicians have progressively recognized the complexity of cancer and of its interaction with the micro- and macro-environment, since putting together the components to provide a cohesive view of the disease has been challenging and hampered progress. Most recent research are going onCancer Genetics,Carcinogenesis,DNA damage and repair, Apoptosis,angiogenesis, and metastasis, Tumor microenvironment, Molecular mechanisms of Cancer Pathogenesis ,Cancer stem cells, Discovery of tumor suppressor genes, Aberrant signaling pathways in tumor cells, Roles of ubiquitination pathways in cancer,Molecular cancer epidemiology, Cancer detection and therapy.

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Track: Genetic Engineering and rDNA Technology

Genetic engineeringis a broad term referring to manipulation of an organisms nucleic acid. Organisms whose genes have been artificially altered for a desired affect is often called genetically modified organism (GMO).Recombinant DNA technology(rDNA) is technology that is used to cut a knownDNA sequencefrom one organism and introduce it into another organism thereby altering the genotype (hence the phenotype) of the recipient. The process of introducing the foreign gene into another organism (or vector) is also called cloning. Sometimes these two terms are used synonymously.

Basically, these techniques are used to achieve the following:

Study the arrangement, expression andregulation of genes, Modification of genes to obtain a changed protein product, Modification ofgene expressioneither to enhance or suppress a particular product, Making multiple copies of anucleic acid segmentartificially, Introduction of genes from organism to another, thus creating a transgenic organism, Creation of organism with desirable or altered characteristics.

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Track: Genomics

Genomics researchoften requires the development of new techniques utilizing Genomics and bioinformatics tools for target assessment, including both experimental protocols and data analysis algorithms, to enable a deeper understanding of complex biological systems. In this respect, the field is entering a new and exciting era; rapidly improving next-generationDNA sequencingtechnologies, Cloud computing, hadoop in genomics, now allow for the routine sequencing of entire genomes and Transcriptomes, or of virtually any targeted set of DNA or RNA molecules.

Genomic labs have the fastest growing market with nearly 250 universities concentrating on its research majorly to be named Whitetail Genetic Research Institute, Stanford University, National Human Genome Research Institute. Major companies concentrating on the research are Affymetrix, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, Genentech etc.The scope and research areas of genomics includes genomics and bioinformatic tools for target assessment, structural,functional and comparitive genomics,genomics in marine monitoring,applications of genomics and bioinformatics, infectious disease modelling and analysis,oncogenomics,clinical genomics analysis,microbial genomics, plant genomics,medical genomics,epigenomics and DNA and RNA structure/functionstudies but are not limited to this only. The promise of genomics is huge. It could someday help us maximize personal health and discover the best medical care for any condition. It could help in the development of new therapies that alter the human genome and prevent (or even reverse) complications from the diseases we inherit.

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Track: Computational Biology & Bioinformatics

Computational Biologyis both an umbrella term for the body of biological studies that use computer programming as part of their methodology, as well as a reference to specific analysis by Bioinformatic tools for protein analysis that are repeatedly used, particularly in the fields of Structural andfunctional genomics,comparative genomicsand bioinformatics insystems biology. Common uses of bioinformatics include the identification of candidategenes and nucleotides(SNPs). Often, such identification is made with the aim of better understanding the Translational bioinformatics forgenomic medicine, Genomics in marine monitoring, andapplications of genomicsand bioinformatics.

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Track: Systems Biology

Systems biologyis the study ofTheoretical aspects of systems biologyof biological components, which may be molecules, cells, organisms or entire species. Living systems are dynamic and complex and their behavior may be hard to predict from the properties of individual parts.

It involves the computational (involvingInsilico modeling in systems biology,Biomarker identification in systems biology) and mathematical modeling of complex biological systems. An emerging engineering approach applied to biomedical and biological scientific research, systems biology is a biology-based inter-disciplinary field of study that focuses on complex interactions within biological systems, using a holistic approach (holism instead of the more traditional reductionism) to biological and biomedical research involving the use of In vitro regulatory models in systems biologyusingOMICS tools. Particularly from year 2000 onwards, the concept has been used widely in the biosciences in a variety of contexts.

ManyFunding Opportunitiesin this research has been bought up bySupport ISB,National Science Foundation,NIHand many CollaborativeFunding Opportunities.

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6th International Conference onTissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Baltimore, USA, Aug 20-22, 2017; 8th World Congress and Expo onCell & Stem Cell Research,Orlando, USA, March 20-22, 2017; 15thWorld Congress on Biotechnology and Biotech Industries Meet,Rome, Italy,March 20-21,2017; 2nd International Conference onGenetic Counselling and Genomic Medicine,Beijing, China, July 10-12, 2017; International Conference onClinical and Molecular Genetics, Las Vegas, USA, April 24-26, 2017.

Track: Bio-Engineering

Biological engineering (Cellular and Molecular Bio-Engineering) or bioengineering (including biological systems engineering) is the application of concepts and methods of biology (and secondarily of physics, chemistry, mathematics, and computer science (In vitro testing in bioengineering) to solve real-world problems related to the life sciences or the application thereof, using engineering's own analytical and synthetic methodologies (defined asSynthetic bioengineering) and also its traditional sensitivity to the cost and practicality of the solution(s) arrived at. In this context, while traditional engineering applies physical and mathematical sciences to analyze, design and manufacture inanimate tools, structures and processes, biological engineering uses primarily the rapidly developing body of knowledge known as molecular biology to study and advance applications of living organisms and to create biotechnology likeCancer Bioengineeringused forOrgan bioengineering and regeneration.

Bio-engineering study remains the main interest of research with more than 340 schools focusing on it majorly beingJohns Hopkins University in Baltimore,Georgia Institute of Technology,University of California - San Diego,University of Washington,and Stanford University.

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Track: Biophysics

Biophysicsis that branch that applies the principles of physics and chemistry and the methods of mathematical analysis and computer modeling to understand how biological systems work. It seeks to explain biological function in terms of the molecular structures and properties of specific molecules. An important area of biophysical study is the detailed analysis of the structure of molecules in living systems. The recent research areas are biophysical approaches tocell biology, cellular movement andcell motility, computational and theoretical biophysics, molecular structure and behavior of lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, molecular structure & behavior ofmembrane proteins, role of biophysical techniques in analysis and prediction, biophysical mechanisms to explain specific biological processes and Nano biophysics. Most recent researchers are going on: Biophysical approaches to cell biology,Cellular Movement and Cell Motility,Computational and theoretical biophysics,Molecular Structure and Behavior of Lipids,Proteins and Nucleic Acids,Molecular Structure & Behavior of Membrane Proteins,Role of Biophysical Techniques in analysis and prediction,Biophysical Mechanisms to explain specific biological processes.

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The UK is one of the best places in the world for life sciences, on a par with premier life science destinations such as Boston, San Francisco, San Diego and Singapore. We have 4 of the top 10 universities in the world, 19 of the top 100 universities, one of the worlds 3 major financial centers, a stable of quality service providers, world class charitable supporters of the industry and a rich heritage of globally recognized medical research. There are nearly 5,633 life sciences companies in the UK employing an estimated 222,000 people and generates a combined estimated turnover of 60.7 billion. The industry sells into a global industry with current total market values of US$956bn for pharmaceutical and biologics, US$349bn for medical technology and US$50bn for the rapidly growing industrial biotechnology market. There are significant levels of health life sciences employment. This breaks down into: 107,000 employed in the biopharmaceutical sector and service and supply chain in 1,948 companies, generating 39.7 billion turnover; 115,000 employed in the medical technology sector and service and supply chain in 3,685 companies, generating 21 billion turnover. Two thirds of employment is outside of London and the South-East with significant concentrations in the East of England (15%, almost 34,000 people) and North-West (12%, almost 26,000 people). It shows that the UK is second only to the US in terms of life science Foreign Direct Investment projects along with the UKs relative strength in the academic base and clinical research landscape. Combined with the strength of the health life sciences supply chain, these factors are driving investment, growth and employment across the country.

Adjusting for these methodology changes overall jobs growth in the sector is estimated to be 2.9% and overall revenue growth is estimated to be 0.8%. The life science industry is global and 42% of employment is at UK owned companies and 49% of employment is at overseas-owned companies and 10% where the ownership location is unknown.

UK life science companies continue to tackle long-term health challenges such as cancer and antimicrobial resistance, and in addition to this many companies are using bioscience to address a range of issues including environmental challenges and chemical production. This predominantly healthcare manifesto also recognizes the growing importance of these new applications.

Why London??

Londons life sciences sector is a shining jewel and a cornerstone of the citys economy. With a rich history of achievements and medical firsts, the sector employs more than 21,000 in private sector industry, hospitals and research facilities including more than 2,000 researchers. The sector impact is in the manner: $720 Million Indirect benefits/ Economic Spinoffs; 780 number of principal researchers and 19 research institutes. The Major Biotech Companies in London are: Albert Browne Ltd, Parexel Informatics, Alcon Laboratories (UK) Ltd, Baxter Healthcare Ltd, Galderma Laboratories, Agilent Technologies, Abbott Laboratories, and Bayer Healthcare.

London's biotech universities and their spin out companies are Gene Expression Technologies, Photobiotic, Biogenic, Spirogen, Genexsyn, Nervation, Inpharmatica, Immune Regulation Ltd, Cerestem, and MedPharm, Immexis, and Antisoma plc.

London is the capital and most populous city of England, United Kingdom and the European Union. With an estimated 2015 population of 8.63 million within a land area of 1,572 km, London is a leading global city, with strengths in the research and development, arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, tourism, and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is one of the world's leading financial centers and has the fifth-or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world depending on measurement.

London is a world cultural capital. It is the world's most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the world's largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic. London's 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education institutes in Europe.

List of major societies in UK:

Royal Society of Biology Royal Society of Chemistry BBSRC (Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council) The Oxford University Society British Society for Cell Biology Royal Society of Edinburgh Royal Society of Medicine Biochemical Society Astrobiology Society of Britain British Medical Association British Society for the History of Medicine Genetics Society The Mammal Society Royal Institute of Public Health Society for Experimental Biology Zoological Society of London

List of universities and institutes in London:

The Francis Crick Institute, London University College London Imperial College London University of East London Kingston University London University of Westminster Birkbeck, University of London Goldsmiths, University of London King's College London Queen Mary University of London St George's, University of London

The major universities and institutes in UK are:

University of Leeds, University of Leicester, Leeds Trinity University, University of Glasgow, University of Exeter, University of Essex, University of Edinburgh, University of Dundee, Durham University, Cardiff University, University of Chester, University of Bristol, University of Birmingham, University of Bath, University of Cambridge, Anglia Ruskin University, Aston University, University of Bradford, University of East Anglia, University of Liverpool, Loughborough University, University of Nottingham, University of Reading, Queen's University Belfast, University of Sheffield, University of Southampton, University of Sussex, University of Warwick and University of York.

The major Biotech Companies in UK are:

GSK (Stevenage), Martindale Pharmaceuticals Ltd (Brentford), Nova Bio-pharma Holdings Limited, Oxoid Ltd, Omega Pharma Ltd, Quintiles Ltd (Guys Research Centre), Sauflon Pharmaceuticals Limited, Immuno Diagnostic Systems Ltd, Merck Serono Ltd, Quest Diagnostics Ltd, and Fujifilm Diosynth Biotech UK Ltd.

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Integrative Biology Conference | Biology Conferences ...

I believe that this will be the next generation of medicine. Area … – WTHITV.com

VINCENNES, Ind. (WTHI) In the past, new moms would be asked if they wanted to save their umbilical cord blood for future, personal use.

But at one area hospital, a new partnership is taking that concept and making it public.

Amelia Nance and her fianc just welcomed their second child on Monday, a baby boy named Finn.

The new mom says, Its neat to be a part of something thats growing in a positive way.

Nance just donated the umbilical cord, cord blood, placenta, and amniotic fluid from Finns birth to Life Line Stem Cell.

Its a partnership at Good Samaritan Hospital thats just weeks old.

However, officials say around 90% of patients take part in the program.

Margaret Suozzi, MSN/RN is the Director of Women & Children Services at Good Samaritan.

She says, Like any program we havent been up and running long enough to have monthly stats yet, but we anticipate that we will be pretty close to that even from the very beginning. And any time you start a new program, its always one of those things where theyre like, What does this mean? What do I do?'

One of the first questions asked is, Does this cost anything? The answer is no. It is a free service.

Since being a new or expecting mom is hard enough, Life Line has narrowed the donation process down to a questionnaire.

Nance says, The form is actually really simple its pretty laid out, open questions, it asks you about your history, your parents history.

If the tissues werent donated they would be properly disposed of by the hospital.

Suozzi says that could mean missing out on countless possibilities to change someone elses life.

Suozzi says, I believe that this will be the next generation of medicine. We are already finding a million things that stem cells can do for our existing patients in other areas: diabetics, wound care, Chrons disease, and many other things. And I think it is the tip of the ice berg. So for our patients to be able to donate to the cause and to be able to help others, is just one sign of Indiana hospitality.

Life Line Stem Cell allows the family that provides the tissue first dibs if a family member could benefit from the blood.

But after that, its donated to a registry for public use.

Thats part of the reason Nance decided she wanted to take part.

The new mom says, I would say its excellent. The fact that, again, it was absolutely no cost to me, it didnt hurt our child, and we could donate it and it could possibly help him out again or you know, one of my family members. Ive had family members thats died of cancer or different diseases. And its nice to know that there can possibly be research done with this blood that would help progress you know, a cure or even just something that would help prolong a positive future for somebody. Whether it be a kid or a child with a disease that might otherwise be painful or negative in their life.

A rep for Life Line Stem Cell says one placenta can be used to heal as many as 100 eyes.

He says amniotic fluid is showing great results in the healing process for burn victims too.

Tricia Crowe is a Life Line Stem Cell Training Manager. She says, It is important that families understand that we are only using hematopoietic blood cells that are found in the umbilical cord and are blood forming. They give rise to red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets.

Suozzi says Good Samaritan is the only hospital in the Southwest region that is offering this program.

For more information on stem cell donation, contact Good Samaritans Women and Infants Center at 812-885-3369 or click here.

Original post:
I believe that this will be the next generation of medicine. Area ... - WTHITV.com

Sickle Cell Trait in Blacks Can Skew Diabetes Test Results – Albany Democrat Herald

TUESDAY, Feb. 7, 2017 (HealthDay News) -- A blood test commonly used to diagnose and treat diabetes may be less accurate in black people who have the sickle cell anemia trait, a new study says.

The test is called hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C). An A1C reading of 5.7 or more indicates prediabetes or diabetes; below 5.7 is normal, says the American Diabetes Association.

But, the current study found that for blacks with a trait for sickle cell anemia, the A1C test may come back lower than it should. This discrepancy could lead to delays in diagnosis and treatment of diabetes, and it might also affect the management of known diabetes.

When the researchers compared the results of A1C tests to other measures that check blood sugar levels, they showed that when A1C readings were expected to be 6 percent, they only registered 5.7 percent for blacks with sickle cell trait.

"We want to make clinicians aware that things like race and hemoglobin traits can have an effect on A1C. If the A1C numbers don't jibe with blood glucose monitor numbers, this could potentially be a part of that," said Tamara Darsow.

Darsow, who wasn't involved in the study, is senior vice president of research and community programs with the American Diabetes Association.

The test measures the percentage of red blood cells that have become "glycated" over a two- to three-month period. Glycated essentially means the red blood cells have sugar attached to them. That can happen when blood sugar levels are too high (hyperglycemia).

Sickle cell anemia is an inherited disorder that affects the hemoglobin in red blood cells. Hemoglobin is the substance that carries oxygen to the body through the blood. Sickle cell disease causes the hemoglobin to form in a sickle shape instead of the normal rounded disc shape, according to the U.S. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute.

For people with sickle cell disease, red blood cells live 10 to 20 days instead of the normal 90 to 120 days.

However, someone with sickle cell trait doesn't have sickle cell disease. To get sickle cell disease, you must inherit the gene from both parents. If you only inherit the sickle cell gene from one parent, you have the sickle cell trait. People with sickle cell trait usually don't have any symptoms of the disease, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

As many as 10 percent of black people in the United States have sickle cell trait, the study authors said. People from Mediterranean and Middle Eastern countries and other parts of the world can also have the trait or the disease, the study's researchers said. The current study's focus was on blacks.

"We found that in people with the sickle cell trait, A1C levels were significantly lower than in people without the sickle cell trait," said the study's lead author, Mary Lacy. She's a doctoral candidate at Brown University School of Public Health in Providence, R.I.

"Hemoglobin A1C is influenced by sugar levels, but also by how old the red blood cells are. Our hypothesis is that people with a sickle cell trait might have red blood cells that live a shorter period of time," Lacy explained.

The current study included more than 4,600 people -- about 1,600 from a study called CARDIA, and about 3,000 from the Jackson Heart Study. Their average age was 52. Both groups had their blood sugar levels measured with A1C, and also with fasting blood sugar tests. In addition, the CARDIA group was given two-hour oral glucose tolerance tests.

When the researchers only used A1C to diagnose diabetes, they saw a major difference -- 29 percent of blacks with a sickle cell trait were diagnosed with prediabetes versus 49 percent of blacks without the sickle cell trait.

Dr. Joel Zonszein is director of the clinical diabetes center at Montefiore Medical Center in New York City. He wasn't surprised by the study's results.

"The hemoglobin A1C is not a perfect test. Results vary, but it's still a very good test. Patients like it because it doesn't matter if they're fasting or not," he said.

Zonszein added that other blood disorders, such as iron deficiency anemia, kidney failure and late pregnancy can affect the results of an A1C test. "We're using a tool that's practical, but not 100 percent reliable," he said.

Darsow said there was already evidence of this discrepancy from smaller studies.

Also, the diabetes association addresses the difference in its Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes -- 2017.

"We don't have good evidence to make screening or treatment guidelines right now, but it's important to understand it can be a potential interference," Darsow said. "We highlight individualized care in our standards, and this is one of the potential things that could impact diabetes management."

The study was published Feb. 7 in the Journal of the American Medical Association.

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Sickle Cell Trait in Blacks Can Skew Diabetes Test Results - Albany Democrat Herald

15 School of Medicine researchers named CZ Biohub investigators – Stanford Medical Center Report

Fifteen faculty members from the School of Medicine are among the 47 investigators announced today by the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub.

The CZ Biohub is an independent nonprofit medical research organization that has the goal of harnessing the power of science, technology and human capacity to cure, prevent or manage all disease. It is funded through a $600 million commitment by the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative, which was created by Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and his wife Priscilla Chan, MD.

The investigators were selected from the three institutions participating in the CZ Biohub: Stanford, UC-San Francisco and UC-Berkeley. Each of the investigators will be given a five-year appointment and up to $1.5 million for research in their respective areas of expertise. More than 700 researchers applied for the funding; the selections were made by an international panel of 60 scientists and engineers.

The investigators include both senior researchers and up-and-coming faculty.

The 47 CZ Biohub investigators were introducing today are quite literally inventing the future of life science research, said Stephen Quake, PhD, co-president of CZ Biohub and professor of bioengineering and applied physics at Stanford. The CZ Biohub is distinguished by our emphasis on technology and engineering, and our researchers are inventing tools to accelerate science for the good of humanity.

We are honored to have so many of our scientists selected to pursuetheirinnovative and ambitious projectsat the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub,said Lloyd Minor, MD, dean of the School of Medicine. If past is prologue, givingsuch inventivethinkersthe freedom to conduct fundamental research will result in trulyoutstanding discoveries, moving us toward a future wherewe can both cure and preventwhat today seems incurable and unpredictable.

The 15 medical school faculty members are:

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15 School of Medicine researchers named CZ Biohub investigators - Stanford Medical Center Report

Cellectis gets US ok to test its universal donor cancer cell therapy – BioPharma-Reporter.com

US regulators have cleared French biotech Cellectis to trial its off-the-shelf blood cancer cell therapy, UCART123.

The product consists of T-cells modified to target the CD123 antigen on the surface of cancerous cells.

Jennifer Moore, VP of Communications at Cellectis, told us: "CELLforCURE, the largest commercial industrial facility for the production of innovative therapeutic cell therapies in Europe, a subsidiary of the biopharmaceutical group LFB, will perform the cGMP manufacturing of clinical batches of Cellectis allogeneic CART cells."

Unlike autologous cell therapies that are made from the specific patients own cells, UCART123 is composed of lymphocytes harvested from an unrelated, so called universal donor.

The advantage of this allogenic approach is that developers can make and store stocks of cell therapies rather than having to produce a specific batch for each patient, which makes such treatments cheaper according to Loan Hoang-Sayag, Cellectis Chief Medical Officer.

Hoang-Sayag said: Cellectis allogeneic UCART products have the potential to create an important shift with regard to availability, and cost-effectiveness, to make these therapies widely accessible to patient population across the world.

Gene editing

UCART123 - which Cellectis claims is the first allogenic cell therapy to be approved for trials by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) -will be tested as a treatment for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). The Phase I clinical studies due to start in the first half of the year.

Like other therapies in Cellectis pipeline, UCART123 is produced using Talen gene editing to inset genes that encode a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that targets the CD123 antigen.

The gene editing method is also used to prevent the T-cells of which UCART123 is composed from interacting with non-target proteins, thereby reducing side-effects

UCART therapies

One of Cellectis UCART therapies was used to successfully treat a baby girl with leukaemia whose disease had progressed despite chemotherapy.

According to the results of a study published in 2015 , the girl received a single dose (4.5x106/kg) of Cellectis allogeneic engineered T-cell product UCART19 and two months later the girl was cleared of leukaemia.

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Cellectis gets US ok to test its universal donor cancer cell therapy - BioPharma-Reporter.com

Stem Cell Network

It may sound like science fiction, but the research of Stephanie Willerth of the University of Victoria is proving to be anything but. A patients adult cells will be reprogrammed back into their stem cell state.....

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Umbilical cord blood can be a promising source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), used in treating blood diseases...

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Liver transplants save lives, plain and simple. But they also sentence recipients to a lifetime of immune-suppressive drugs, to prevent the body from rejecting the foreign addition....

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Its an exciting time for the Stem Cell Network! We have been very busy over the past few months ensuring that we are able to deliver on our mandate and see research funding and training opportunities provided for...

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Stem Cell Network

Mars’s frozen pole, Sweden’s climate plan and a stem-cell trial in Japan – Nature.com

Research | Policy | Politics | People | Events | Funding | Awards | Trend watch | Coming up

Stem-cell trial Japan is resuming pioneering clinical research using induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. A team led by Masayo Takahashi at the RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology in Kobe will make suspensions of iPS cells derived from retinal cells, and transplant them into people with age-related macular degeneration, an eye condition that can cause blindness. Takahashi started a similar study in 2014 the first to use iPS cells in humans but the cells prepared for the second patient were found to have genetic abnormalities and no other participants were recruited. On 1February, Japans health ministry approved a new five-patient study. This time the team will use banked iPS cells created from anonymous, healthy donor cells rather than from the participants themselves.

Martian polar ice cap sculpted by wind A seasonal layer of carbon dioxide frost coats Marss northern polar ice cap in this image, which was released on 2February by the European Space Agency (ESA). Each winter, carbon dioxide precipitates out of the cold atmosphere and onto the ice cap. The image is a composite of pictures taken between 2004 and 2010 by ESAs Mars Express spacecraft. The distinctive spiral troughs were probably carved by wind. Radar investigation by Mars Express and NASAs Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter revealed that the ice cap consists of many layers of ice and dust extending to a depth of about 2 kilometres.

ESA/DLR/FU Berlin; NASA MGS MOLA Science Team

GM wheat trial A UK research laboratory has been granted permission to begin field trials of a wheat plant that has been genetically modified (GM) to improve photosynthesis. Scientists at Rothamsted Research in Harpenden have already shown that wheat plants modified with a gene from stiff brome grass (Brachypodium distachyon) are more efficient at photosynthesis in greenhouses than conventional wheat, and they now hope to see improved yields from plants grown outside in more realistic conditions. In 2012, GM trials at Rothamsted attracted small but high-profile protests. The labs researchers have been among the leading advocates of such trials in Europe.

Swedish stimulus The Swedish government unveiled plans on 2February to make the country carbon neutral in less than two decades. A law expected to pass through parliament in March would set a binding target of reducing domestic greenhouse-gas emissions from industry and transport by 85% by 2045, relative to 1990 levels. Remaining emissions would be offset by natural carbon capture through forestation and by investment abroad. On announcing the move, Swedens environment minister, Isabella Lvin, said that her country wants to set an example at a time when climate action in the United States is threatening to lose momentum.

Romanian protests Angry Romanian scientists have called on their new government to reverse its order for national science-advisory bodies to immediately stop their work, pending reorganization. The government made the order on 31January, when it also issued a decree giving amnesty to some officials accused of corruption; this was later withdrawn after mass protests. An open letter signed by nearly 600academics and their supporters says that the councils, which are non-political, should be immune to government change. Signatories fear that the proposed reorganization may allow amnesty for politicians who have committed scientific misconduct.

UK science czar The UK governments chief scientific adviser has been appointed to possibly the biggest science job in the country. The government announced on 2February that Mark Walport will take the helm of a new body called UK Research and Innovation (UKRI), which is expected to oversee a pot of more than 6billion (US$7.5billion) in government science spending when it comes into being in 2018. Walports appointment is significant because there are fears that UKRI could reduce the freedom of the nine individual bodies that currently allocate much government science funding.

Researcher on trial An Iranian researcher in disaster medicine, who is accused of collaboration with a hostile government, has been threatened with the death sentence by a judge on Irans revolutionary court, according to close contacts of the scientist. Ahmadreza Djalali, who had been affiliated with research institutes in Italy, Sweden and Belgium, was arrested inApril 2016 during an academic visit to Iran. According to sources close to Djalali, he has been kept in solitary confinement for three months in a Tehran prison and was forced to sign a confession. Djalalis trial is scheduled to start later this month.

Ice station The British Antarctic Survey (BAS) announced on 2February that it had completed moving its HalleyVI research station 23kilometres across the floating ice platform on which it rests. The 13-week operation, which used tractors to tow the stations 8 modules (pictured), was prompted by fears about a growing crack in the Brunt ice shelf. Staff were evacuated last month for the coming Antarctic winter after another unpredictable crack in the ice was discovered. The base, which is designed to be relocated periodically, is ready for re-occupation in November, the BAS said.

British Antarctic Survey

Borehole record The Iceland Deep Drilling Project completed the deepest-ever geothermal well on 25January. After 168days of drilling, the well bottomed out at 4,659metres, just shy of its 5-kilometre goal. But temperatures and pressures were so high at the bottom of the well that fluids were observed behaving in a supercritical fashionas neither liquid nor gasan observation that was one of the projects goals. The well, on Icelands volcanic Reykjanes peninsula, is being used to explore the source of geothermal systems and to see whether supercritical fluids can be tapped as an energy resource.

Indias budget Health research, biotechnology and space science are the main beneficiaries of robust budget increases announced by the Indian government on 1February. Overall, science spending in 2017 by eight ministries (excluding nuclear and defence research) will increase by 11%well above the projected 5% inflation rateto 360billionrupees (US$5.3billion). Health research, including the fight against diseases such as leprosy and measles, will get 31% more government funding. Biotechnology will get an extra 22%, and Indias aspirations in space, including plans to land a rover on the Moon in 2018, will benefit from a 21% budget increase for space science.

Dual tribute The CRISPR gene-editing system, which has transformed biological research and biomedicine, drew yet more major prizes last week. On 31January, the Madrid-based BBVA Foundation announced that its 400,000 (US$427,000) Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Biomedicine would be shared by Francisco Mojica, Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. Mojica discovered the CRISPR repeating DNA sequences that some bacteria use to fight viral infections. Charpentier and Doudna developed the universal CRISPR editing toolfor which they have also won the 50-million (US$445,000) Japan Prize, announced on 2February. They share it with cryptographer Adi Shamir.

Women, non-Asian ethnic minorities and disabled people are under-represented in science and engineering in the United States, according to the National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics (NCSES). Women receive about half of all science and engineering degrees but hold less than 30% of jobs in these areas. White men, who in 2015 comprised only 31% of the US population, held nearly half of these jobs. Although female and minority representation has risen, disparities remain.

Source: NCSES

1115 February Biophysicists gather in New Orleans, Louisiana, for the Biophysical Societys 61st annual meeting. go.nature.com/2jtfz17

1216 February At an international meeting in Queenstown, New Zealand, scientists discuss the latest research in advanced materials and nanotechnology. confer.co.nz/amn8

15 February Indias Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle launches a high-resolution Earth-observation satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in Sriharikota. go.nature.com/2jteerk

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Mars's frozen pole, Sweden's climate plan and a stem-cell trial in Japan - Nature.com

UCLA researchers turn stem cells into somites, precursors to skeletal muscle, cartilage and bone – UCLA Newsroom

FINDINGS

Adding just the right mixture of signaling molecules proteins involved in development to human stem cells can coax them to resemble somites, which are groups of cells that give rise to skeletal muscles, bones, and cartilage in developing embryos. The somites-in-a-dish then have the potential to generate these cell types in the lab, according to new research led by senior author April Pyle at theEli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCLA.

Pluripotent stem cells, by definition, can become any type of cell in the body, but researchers have struggled to guide them to produce certain tissues, including muscle. In developing human embryos, muscle cells as well as the bone and cartilage of vertebrae and ribs, among other cell types arise from small clusters of cells called somites.

Researchers have studied how somites develop in animals and identified the molecules that seem to be an important part of that process in animals. But when scientists have tried to use those molecules to coax human stem cells to generate somites, the protocols have been inefficient.

The scientists isolated the minuscule developing human somites and measured expression levels of different genes both before and after the somites were fully formed. For each gene that changed levels during the process, the researchers tested whether adding molecules to boost or suppress the function of that gene in human pluripotent stem cells helped push the cells to become somite-like. They found that the optimal mixture of molecules in humans was different than what had been tried in animals. Using the new combination, they could turn 90 percent of human stem cells into somite cells in just four days.

The scientists followed the cells over the next four weeks and determined that they were indeed able to generate cells including skeletal muscle, bone and cartilage that normally develop from somites.

The new protocol to create somite-like cells from human pluripotent stem cells opens the door to researchers who want to make muscle, bone and cartilage cells in the lab. Pyles group plans to study how to use muscle cells generated from the new somites to treat Duchenne muscular dystrophy, a severe form of muscle degeneration that currently does not have a cure.

Pyle is a UCLA associate professor of microbiology, immunology and molecular genetics. The first author of the study is Haibin Xi; co-authors are Wakana Fujiwara, Karen Gonzalez and Majib Jan of UCLA; Katja Schenke-Layland and Simone Liebscher of Germanys Eberhard Karls University Tbingen; and Ben Van Handel of CarthroniX Inc., a California-based biopharmaceutical company.

The study was publishedin the journal Cell Reports.

The study was funded by a grant from the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR064327) and support from a UCLA Broad Stem Cell Research Center Research Award.

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UCLA researchers turn stem cells into somites, precursors to skeletal muscle, cartilage and bone - UCLA Newsroom