Stem Cell Therapy Market Size to Surpass USD 921.12 Million with … – GlobeNewswire

MELBOURNE, Feb. 23, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Data Bridge Market Research completed a qualitative study titled "Stem Cell Therapy Market" with 100+ market data tables, pie charts, graphs, and figures spread across Pages and an easy-to-grasp full analysis. The competitive landscape section of the dependable Stem Cell Therapy market report gives a clear insight into the market share analysis of key industry players. The company profiles of all the major market players and brands that are dominating the Stem Cell Therapy market with moves like product launches, joint ventures, merges, and accusations which in turn is affecting the sales, import, export, revenue, and CAGR values have been cited in the report. The study consists of a market attractiveness analysis, wherein each segment is benchmarked based on its market size, growth rate, and general attractiveness. The Stem Cell Therapy market research report brings into light key market dynamics of the sector.

The Stem Cell Therapy market report contains the drivers and restraints for the market that are derived from SWOT analysis, and also shows what all the recent developments, product launches, joint ventures, mergers, and acquisitions by the several key players and brands that are driving the market are by systemic company profiles. The report is based on the market type, organization size, availability on-premises and the end-users organization type, and the availability in areas such as North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Middle East & Africa. The company profiles of all the key players and brands that are dominating the Stem Cell Therapy market have been taken into consideration here.

Data Bridge Market Research analyses that the stem cell therapy market, which is USD 257 million in 2022, is expected to reach USD 921.12 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 17.3% during the forecast period 2023 to 2030. In addition to the insights on market scenarios such as market value, growth rate, segmentation, geographical coverage, and major players, the market reports curated by the Data Bridge Market Research also include depth expert analysis, patient epidemiology, pipeline analysis, pricing analysis, and regulatory framework.

Download a PDF Sample of the Stem Cell Therapy Market @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/request-a-sample/?dbmr=global-stem-cell-therapy-market

Stem cell therapy is regenerative medicinal therapy used to repair damaged cells by lowering inflammation and controlling the immune system. This makes stem cell therapy an effective remedy for several illnesses. Studies on stem cell therapies for Crohn's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Lupus, COPD, Parkinson's, ALS, stroke recovery, and more have been undertaken. Stem cell therapies have also been utilized to treat autoimmune, inflammatory, neurological, orthopedic, and traumatic disorders.

The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates cerebrovascular diseases and neurological disorders account for around 7.1% of the global disease burden. As a result, businesses are carrying out fundamental research and preclinical studies to examine stem cells' ability to regenerate in treating neurological diseases. Cellular treatments for cancer are currently receiving significant financing from companies, which is expected to support market expansion.

Recent Developments

The Global Market Is Analyzed in Depth in the Latest Study. Taking into account the current level of competition and its projected evolution over the next few years.

Rapidly increasing demands, a rise in industrialization, consumer awareness, growing sectors, and technical improvements are fueling the expansion of the global Stem Cell Therapy market. Sales and revenue in this sector have increased at an exponential rate. The market's size and growth are both expected to increase thanks to the factors driving the market's expansion over the projected period.

Leading businesses in the worldwide Stem Cell Therapy market are investing heavily in R&D in order to build a larger client base and expand their share of the market by reintroducing improved products to consumers. All of the companies' strategy, as well as their financial health, revenue, gross margin, and growth rate, are detailed in the study.

Fundamental Aim of Stem Cell Therapy Market Report

In the Stem Cell Therapy market, every company has goals, but this report focus in on the most important ones, allowing you to gain insight into the competition, the future of the market, potential new products, and other useful information that can boost your sales significantly.

The Stem Cell Therapy Market is Dominated by Firms Such as

Download the Complete Research Study Here in PDF Format @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/checkout/buy/enterprise/global-stem-cell-therapy-market

Opportunities for Key Players:

Additionally, the increase in R&D activities and rising investments from public and private organizations will open up new possibilities for the market's growth rate. For instance, U.S. healthcare spending increased by 3.4% in 2021, per the Health Care Price Index (HCPI). The rise in growth indicates that federal spending fell sharply the year before, from USD 287,000 million in 2020 to USD 170,000 million in 2021.

The prompt treatment of chronic illnesses has increased the demand for stem cell therapy in the U.S. and Europe. Due to these positive elements, there is a greater need for drugs, and both major and minor market players are employing various techniques to meet this demand.

The leading companies are also working to develop targeted strategies, including product launches, acquisitions, approvals, expansions, and partnerships, to ensure the smooth operation of the business, minimize risks, and boost the market's long-term growth in sales.

For instance,

To create and market the search-use-only (RUO) microfluidic intracellular delivery technology, ViaCyte, Inc. teamed up with SQZ Biotechnologies in May 2022. Through the agreement, both market participants will be able to share fresh cell engineering research in hematopoietic stem cells using

Key Market Segments Covered in Stem Cell Therapy Industry Research

Product Type

Type

Application

End User

Distribution Channel

Key Growth Drivers:

The majority of people around the world suffer from chronic ailments. One in three adults worldwide has a chronic illness. Chronic diseases have impacted the health and quality of life of many people. Chronic illnesses, such as cancer, musculoskeletal and neurological conditions, chronic injuries, cardiovascular and gastrointestinal conditions, and cancer, can result in hospitalization, long-term incapacity, a decline in quality of life, and even death.

The mesenchymal stem cells penetrate and integrate into several organs, treat lung, spinal cord, autoimmune disorders, liver, bone, and cartilage diseases, and treat multiple organ damage. Using stem cells in the therapy of inflammatory, immune system, and degenerative tissue illnesses is an effective strategy.

One of the key drivers of market expansion is significant R&D investments. In addition, the growing need for potent treatments to reduce disease burden during the forecast period is another factor fuelling the growth. For instance, the 5-year exploratory study on Parkinson's illness by Celavie Biosciences is still ongoing as of May 2020. For the treatment ofParkinson's diseaseand other illnesses of the central nervous system, the business is developing regenerative stem cell therapies. Ok99 stem cell-based exploratory clinical studies for Parkinson's disease were effective, according to Celavie Biosciences.

Browse a Detailed Summary of the Research Report @https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/reports/global-stem-cell-therapy-market

Stem Cell Therapy Market Regional Analysis/Insights:

The countries covered in the stem cell therapy market report are U.S., Canada and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K., Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Rest of Europe in Europe, China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA) as a part of Middle East and Africa (MEA), Brazil, Argentina and Rest of South America as part of South America

North America dominates the stem cell therapy market because of the region's well-developed healthcare infrastructure and favourable reimbursement policies. Another factor contributing to the region's growth is the number of government initiatives to promote stem cell therapy

Asia-Pacific is expected to grow at the highest growth rate in the forecast period of 2023 to 2030, owing to the growing incidence of cancer cases, rising technological advancements, and rising prevalence of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and neurological disorders.

This Market Intelligence Report Analyses Some of the Most Crucial Concerns:

Table of Contents:

Get the Full Table of Contents @ https://www.databridgemarketresearch.com/toc/?dbmr=global-stem-cell-therapy-market

Explore More Reports:

About Data Bridge Market Research:

An absolute way to forecast what future holds is to comprehend the trend today!

Data Bridge Market Research set forth itself as an unconventional and neoteric Market research and consulting firm with unparalleled level of resilience and integrated approaches. We are determined to unearth the best market opportunities and foster efficient information for your business to thrive in the market. Data Bridge endeavours to provide appropriate solutions to the complex business challenges and initiates an effortless decision-making process. Data Bridge is an aftermath of sheer wisdom and experience which was formulated and framed in the year 2015 in Pune.

Data Bridge Market Research has over 500 analysts working in different industries. We have catered more than 40% of the fortune 500 companies globally and have a network of more than 5000+ clientele around the globe. Data Bridge adepts in creating satisfied clients who reckon upon our services and rely on our hard work with certitude. We are content with our glorious 99.9 % client satisfying rate.

Contact Us:

Data Bridge Market ResearchUS: +1 888 387 2818UK: +44 208 089 1725Hong Kong: +852 8192 7475Email:- corporatesales@databridgemarketresearch.com

Visit link:
Stem Cell Therapy Market Size to Surpass USD 921.12 Million with ... - GlobeNewswire

Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market to Witness Huge Growth by Key Players: ESI BIO, Thermo Fisher, BioTim – openPR

The study provides an in-depth analysis of the major market players in the Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) market. It provides a detailed analysis of each segment and driving factors coupled with growth rate analysis. Furthermore, the report also provides regional analysis that offers insights on the market potential across each region to enable market players to leverage market opportunities. The Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) research report provides region-wise and country-wise market scope to understand market growth in the particular area.

This research report categorizes the Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) market to forecast the revenues and analyze the trends in each sub-market that includes product type, end-user, and region. The report covers vital areas including North America, Latin America, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa. It also analyzes the market's competitive landscape that helps to understand market capabilities and opportunities for future growth prospects.

Download FREE Sample Report @ https://www.reportsnreports.com/contacts/requestsample.aspx?name=5796096

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of company profiles listed below:- ESI BIO- Thermo Fisher- BioTime- MilliporeSigma (Merck)- BD Biosciences- Astellas Institute of Regenerative Medicine- Asterias Biotherapeutics- PerkinElmer- Takara Bio- Fujifilm Cellular Dynamics- Reliance Life Sciences- R&D Systems (Biotrchne)- STEMCELL Technologies- TATAA Biocenter- UK Stem Cell Bank- Viacyte, Inc.

Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Segment by Type:- Totipotent Stem Cells- Pluripotent Stem Cells- Unipotent Stem Cells

Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Segment by Application:- Research- Clinical Trials- Others

The study report offers a comprehensive analysis of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market size across the globe as regional and country level market size analysis, CAGR estimation of market growth during the forecast period, revenue, key drivers, competitive background and sales analysis of the payers. Along with that, the report explains the major challenges and risks to face in the forecast period. Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market is segmented by Type, and by Application. Players, stakeholders, and other participants in the global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market will be able to gain the upper hand as they use the report as a powerful resource.

Scope of this Report:This report segments the global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) market comprehensively and provides the closest approximations of the revenues for the overall market and the sub-segments across different verticals and regions.

The report helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) market and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to better their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the competitor ecosystem, new product development, agreement, and acquisitions.

#Customization Service of the Report:ReportsnReports provides customization of reports as per your need. This report can be personalized to meet your requirements. Get in touch with our sales team, who will guarantee you to get a report that suits your necessities.

Direct PURCHASE this Research Report and Get 25% Flat Discount @ https://www.reportsnreports.com/purchase.aspx?name=5796096

ADDRESS:Magarpatta City, Hadapsar, Pune, India - 411013ReportsnReports - Your Market Research Report Librarian+ 1 347 333 3771sales@reportsandreports.com

About Us:-ReportsnReports provides you the further information and more details with intelligence needs for your business. Access to in-depth market trends helps companies to assess the market effectiveness. With comprehensive information about the publishers and the industries for which they publish market research reports, we help you in your purchase decision by mapping your information needs with our huge collection of reports.

This release was published on openPR.

Read the rest here:
Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market to Witness Huge Growth by Key Players: ESI BIO, Thermo Fisher, BioTim - openPR

New study on DNA transcription uncovers links to … – ASU News Now

February 22, 2023

In a first-of-its-kind study, Arizona State University Professor Michael Lynch joins a multi-institute group of researchers to investigate transcription error rates in human cells and the underlying mechanisms affecting them.

Transcription is the process of copying DNA to RNA. The accuracy of transcription processes varies widely among species, across cell types and within distinct regions of the genome, with profound consequences for health and disease. DNA transcription is a crucial process in the expression of genetic information, as it converts the information stored in DNA into messenger RNA, which can then be translated into proteins. Without transcription, cells would not be able to produce the proteins necessary for their function and survival. A new study estimates the rates of transcription error. Graphic by Jason Drees Download Full Image

The research sheds new light on a foundational process in biology. The results also suggest that high rates of transcription error, observed in specific classes of neurons, are a potential source of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimers disease.

Although we have recently made substantial progress on estimating error rates at the transcriptional level, the next challenge is to establish the connection of such errors with cell health, Lynch says.

The research results appear in the current issue of the journal PNAS.

Professor Lynch directs the Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution and is a professor in the School of Life Sciences at ASU. He is one of the worlds leading quantitative geneticists, whose research focuses on uncovering the mechanisms driving evolution at the genomic, cellular and organismic levels. He has recently been honored with an ASU Regents Professorship.

The new study analyzes transcription errors in human embryonic stem cells and in mice to unveil the molecular mechanisms governing transcriptional accuracy. The research provides the first estimate of transcriptional error rates in human cells and identifies various genetic and epigenetic factors responsible.

Michael Lynch directs the Biodesign Center for Mechanisms of Evolution and is a professor in the School of Life Sciences at ASU.

The foundations of life hinge on the precise replication and transcription of DNA and the translation of the resultant messenger RNAs. These processes are responsible for accurately passing down and expressing our genetic information, and their fidelity is crucial for maintaining the stability of our genetic code. Despite their importance, the molecular mechanisms behind the faithful transcription of DNA remain largely unknown.

During transcription, the genetic information stored in a gene's DNA sequence is copied into a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA), which then carries the information out of the nucleus and into the cytoplasm where it can be translated into a functional protein. Transcription errors occur during the process of copying genetic information from DNA to RNA, one of the key steps in gene expression.

These errors can arise from DNA damage, incorrect recognition of the DNA template by the gene-reading mechanism (known as RNA polymerase) or problems with the repair mechanisms that correct errors in the transcription process.

Inaccurate transcription can produce truncated or altered proteins that are unable to perform their normal functions, leading to disease.

Several factors exert a profound influence on rates of transcription error. Some genes are more faithfully transcribed than others, which can be a consequence of their relative length or complexity. Genes are sequences composed of DNAs 4 nucleotides, labelled A, T, C and G.

The study demonstrates they are not transcribed with equal reliability, as A and G transcriptions tend to be more error prone.

The study also reveals that different types of RNA polymerase, the machinery responsible for proofreading DNA during transcription, have significantly differing rates of reliability. The error rate not only differs between types of polymerase, but also between classes of genes being transcribed and even between specific regions of these genes.

Another key factor of accuracy is the rate of transcription. Just as a proofreader is more likely to make mistakes if they race through a page of text, ultra-rapid DNA reading by fast RNA polymerases are more likely to produce errors in transcription.

There are also differences in the behavior and effectiveness of DNA repair proteins, which can fix mistakes in transcription after they have occurred. A new role for one such protein, known as BRCA1, is reported in the study. In addition to BRCA1s role in repairing DNA damage and preventing it from accumulating across the genome, the study indicates this invaluable protein appears to improve transcription fidelity.

Mutations in the BRCA1 gene, which codes for this error-correcting protein, have long been associated with a range of serious health issues, particularly breast cancer and ovarian cancer. BRCA1 mutations have also been linked to other health conditions, including pancreatic cancer, melanoma and fallopian tube cancer.

A mouse model was developed to probe which cell types are most susceptible to producing misfolded proteins due to transcription errors. Neuronal cell types associated with Alzheimers disease display comparatively high transcriptional error rates. One of the effects of this appears to be the generation of a toxic protein form called APP, a precursor to the amyloid plaques that accumulate and cloud the intercellular spaces of the brain and which are a hallmark of Alzheimers disease.

Cells and tissues most prone to transcription errors are identified in the study, revealing that neurons in two critical regions of the brain, CA1 and dentate gyrus, are particularly disposed to DNA alterations or transcriptional mutagenesis. The finding supports the hypothesis that transcription errors contribute to Alzheimer's disease and other potentially devastating effects in the brain.

Such protein aberrations produced by transcription errors may be culprits in other neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinsons disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia.

The foundation of life lies in the precise replication, transcription and translation of DNA but knowledge about the mechanisms that control the accuracy of transcription remains limited. Ongoing research of this kind will deepen understanding of processes at the heart of biology and may advance new approaches to currently intractable afflictions, such as Alzheimers disease.

More:
New study on DNA transcription uncovers links to ... - ASU News Now

To not love thy neighbor: mechanisms of cell competition in stem … – Nature.com

Fuchs Y, Steller H. Live to die another way: modes of programmed cell death and the signals emanating from dying cells. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2015;16:32944.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Soteriou D, Fuchs Y. A matter of life and death: stem cell survival in tissue regeneration and tumour formation. Nat Rev Cancer. 2018;18:187201.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Koren E, Fuchs Y. Modes of regulated cell death in cancer. Cancer Discov. 2021;11:24565.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Morata G. Cell competition: a historical perspective. Dev Biol. 2021;476:3340.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Levayer R, Moreno E. Mechanisms of cell competition: themes and variations. J Cell Biol. 2013;200:68998.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Cosentino K, Garca-Sez AJ. Bax and Bak pores: are we closing the circle? Trends Cell Biol. 2017;27:26675.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Walczak H. Death receptor-ligand systems in cancer, cell death, and inflammation. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 2013;5:a008698.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Morata G, Ripoll P. Minutes: mutants of drosophila autonomously affecting cell division rate. Dev Biol. 1975;42:21121.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Simpson P, Morata G. Differential mitotic rates and patterns of growth in compartments in the Drosophila wing. Dev Biol. 1981;85:299308.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Cohen B, Simcox AA, Cohen SM. Allocation of the thoracic imaginal primordia in the Drosophila embryo. Development. 1993;117:597608.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Marygold SJ, Roote J, Reuter G, Lambertsson A, Ashburner M, Millburn GH, et al. The ribosomal protein genes and Minute loci of Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Biol. 2007;8:R216.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Lindsley DL, Grell EH. Genetic variations of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 1968;162:993993.

Google Scholar

Moreno E, Basler K, Morata G. Cells compete for Decapentaplegic survival factor to prevent apoptosis in Drosophila wing development. Nature. 2002;416:7559.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Moreno E, Basler K. DMyc transforms cells into super-competitors. Cell. 2004;117:11729.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

de la Cova C, Abril M, Bellosta P, Gallant P, Johnston LA. Drosophila Myc regulates organ size by inducing cell competition. Cell 2004;117:10716.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Tolwinski NS. Introduction: Drosophila-a model system for developmental biology. J Dev Biol. 2017;5:9.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Baker NE. Emerging mechanisms of cell competition. Nat Rev Genet. 2020;21:68397.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Hanna JH, Saha K, Jaenisch R. Pluripotency and cellular reprogramming: facts, hypotheses, unresolved issues. Cell. 2010;143:50825.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Evans M, Kaufman M. Establishment in culture of pluripotential cells from mouse embryos. Nature. 1981;292:1546.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Sionov RV, Haupt Y. The cellular response to p53: the decision between life and death. Oncogene. 1999;18:614557.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Vousden KH, Lu X. Live or let die: the cells response to p53. Nat Rev Cancer. 2002;2:594604.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Tarkowski AK, Witkowska A, Opas J. Development of cytochalasin B-induced tetraploid and diploid/tetraploid mosaic mouse embryos. J Embryol Exp Morphol. 1977;41:4764.

CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Nagy A, Gocza E, Merentes Diaz E, Prideaux VR, Ivanyi E, Markkl M, et al. Embryonic stem cells alone are able to support fetal development in the mouse. Development. 1990;110:81521.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Horii T, Yamamoto M, Morita S, Kimura M, Nagao Y, Hatada I. P53 suppresses tetraploid development in mice. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8907.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Bowling S, di Gregorio A, Sancho M, Pozzi S, Aarts M, Signore M, et al. P53 and mTOR signalling determine fitness selection through cell competition during early mouse embryonic development. Nat Commun. 2018;9:1763.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Zhang G, Xiea Y, Zhou Y, Xiang C, Chen L, Zhang C, et al. P53 pathway is involved in cell competition during mouse embryogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2017;114:498503.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Dejosez M, Ura H, Brandt VL, Zwaka TP. Safeguards for cell cooperation in mouse embryogenesis shown by genome-wide cheater screen. Science. 2013;341:15114.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Sancho M, Di-Gregorio A, George N, Pozzi S, Snchez JM, Pernaute B, et al. Competitive interactions eliminate unfit embryonic stem cells at the onset of differentiation. Dev Cell. 2013;26:1930.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Clavera C, Giovinazzo G, Sierra R, Torres M. Myc-driven endogenous cell competition in the early mammalian embryo. Nature. 2013;500:3944.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Hashimoto M, Sasaki H. Epiblast formation by TEAD-YAP-dependent expression of pluripotency factors and competitive elimination of unspecified cells. Dev Cell. 2019;50:13954.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Daz-Daz C, Fernandez de Manuel L, Jimenez-Carretero D, Montoya MC, Clavera C, Torres M. Pluripotency surveillance by Myc-driven competitive elimination of differentiating cells. Dev Cell. 2017;4:58599.

Article Google Scholar

Ellis SJ, Gomez NC, Levorse J, Mertz AF, Ge Y, Fuchs E. Distinct modes of cell competition shape mammalian tissue morphogenesis. Nature. 2019;569:497502.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Mesa KR, Rompolas P, Zito G, Myung P, Sun TY, Brown S, et al. Niche-induced cell death and epithelial phagocytosis regulate hair follicle stem cell pool. Nature. 2015;522:9497.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Lima A, Lubatti G, Burgstaller J, Hu D, Green AP, di Gregorio A, et al. Cell competition acts as a purifying selection to eliminate cells with mitochondrial defects during early mouse development. Nat Metab. 2021;3:1091108.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Telang S, Lane AN, Nelson KK, Arumugam S, Chesney J. The oncoprotein H-RasV12 increases mitochondrial metabolism. Mol Cancer. 2007;6:77.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Jam FA, Morimune T, Tsukamura A, Tano A, Tanaka Y, Mori Y, et al. Neuroepithelial cell competition triggers loss of cellular juvenescence. Sci Rep. 2020;10:18044.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Kucinski I, Dinan M, Kolahgar G, Piddini E. Chronic activation of JNK JAK/STAT and oxidative stress signalling causes the loser cell status. Nat Commun. 2017;8:136.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Nagata R, Nakamura M, Sanaki Y, Igaki T. Cell competition is driven by autophagy. Dev Cell. 2019;51:99112.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Baumgartner ME, Dinan MP, Langton PF, Kucinski I, Piddini E. Proteotoxic stress is a driver of the loser status and cell competition. Nat Cell Biol. 2021;23:13646.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Recasens-Alvarez C, Alexandre C, Kirkpatrick J, Nojima H, Huels DJ, Snijders AP, et al. Ribosomopathy-associated mutations cause proteotoxic stress that is alleviated by TOR inhibition. Nat Cell Biol. 2021;23:12735.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Langton PF, Baumgartner ME, Logeay R, Piddini E. Xrp1 and Irbp18 trigger a feed-forward loop of proteotoxic stress to induce the loser status. PLoS Genet. 2021;17:e1009946.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Lee CH, Kiparaki M, Blanco J, Folgado V, Ji Z, Kumar A, et al. A regulatory response to ribosomal protein mutations controls translation, growth, and cell competition. Dev Cell. 2018;46:45669.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Baillon L, Germani F, Rockel C, Hilchenbach J, Basler K. Xrp1 is a transcription factor required for cell competition-driven elimination of loser cells. Sci Rep. 2018;8:17712.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Ochi N, Nakamura M, Nagata R, Wakasa N, Nakano R, Igaki T. Cell competition is driven by Xrp1-mediated phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2. PLoS Genet. 2021;17:e1009958.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Kiparaki M, Khan C, Folgado-Marco V, Chuen J, Moulos P, Baker NE. The transcription factor Xrp1 orchestrates both reduced translation and cell competition upon defective ribosome assembly or function. Elife 2022;11:e71705.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Ji Z, Chuen J, Kiparaki M, Baker N. Cell competition removes segmental aneuploid cells from drosophila imaginal disc-derived tissues based on ribosomal protein gene dose. Elife. 2021;10:e61172.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Tseng CY, Burel M, Cammer M, Harsh S, Flaherty MS, Baumgartner S, et al. chinmo-mutant spermatogonial stem cells cause mitotic drive by evicting non-mutant neighbors from the niche. Dev Cell. 2022;57:8094.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Marusyk A, Porter CC, Zaberezhnyy V, DeGregori J. Irradiation selects for p53-deficient hematopoietic progenitors. PLoS Biol. 2010;8:e1000324.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Bondar T, Medzhitov R. p53-Mediated hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell competition. Cell Stem Cell. 2010;6:30922.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Watanabe H, Ishibashi K, Mano H, Kitamoto S, Sato N, Hoshiba K, et al. Mutant p53-expressing cells undergo necroptosis via cell competition with the neighboring normal epithelial cells. Cell Rep. 2018;23:37219.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Read the original:
To not love thy neighbor: mechanisms of cell competition in stem ... - Nature.com

Rewiring blood cells to give rise to precursors of sperm – Phys.org

Immunophenotypic characterization of pre-migratory Callithrix jacchus primordial germ cells (cjPGCs) at embryonic day (E)50. (A) Bright field images of a cj embryo at E50 (Carnegie stage [CS]11). Scale bar, 1 mm. (B) (Left) Immunofluorescence (IF) images of the hindgut in the cj embryo as in (A) (transverse section), stained as indicated. Laminin outlines the basement membranes of the hindgut endoderm. The white dashed line highlights the hindgut endoderm. Scale bars, 50 m. (Right) Pie chart showing the number and location of cjPGCs present in representative cross sections. (C) IF of the same cj embryo for TFAP2C (green), SOX17 (red), PDPN (cyan), and DAPI (white). Magnified images of hindgut endoderm are shown at the bottom. Arrows denote nuclei of cjPGCs with lower DAPI intensity than that of surrounding endodermal cells. Scale bar, 50 m. (D) (Top) IF of the cj embryo stained for MKI67 (green), NANOG (red), and PDPN (cyan), merged with DAPI (white). An arrowhead indicates MKI67+ cjPGC. (Bottom) Pie chart showing the number of MKI67+ cells in PGCs. Scale bars, 50 m. (E) IF of the cj embryo for pre-migratory PGC markers (POU5F1 [green], SOX17 [red], and NANOG [red]) or gonadal stage PGC markers (DDX4 [red] and DAZL [green]), co-stained for PDPN (cyan). Merged images with DAPI (white) are shown on the right of each panel. Scale bars, 50 m. (F) IF of the cj embryo for PDPN (cyan), co-stained for H3K27me3 or H3K9me2 (green). Scale bars, 50 m. Relative fluorescence intensities of H3K27me3 and H3K9me2 in PDPN+ cjPGCs in comparison to those of surrounding somatic cells are shown on the left of each IF panel. Bar, mean. Statistical significance is determined by two-tailed Welchs t test. Credit: eLife (2023). DOI: 10.7554/eLife.82263

Different cell typessay, heart, liver, blood, and sperm cellspossess characteristics that help them carry out their unique jobs in the body. In general, those characteristics are hard-wired. Without intervention, a heart cell won't spontaneously transform into a liver cell.

Yet researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, working with collaborators from the University of Texas at San Antonio and Texas Biomedical Research Institute, have prompted marmoset blood cells to acquire the flexibility of stem cells. Then they directed those stem cells to take on the characteristics of sperm precursors.

In the journal eLife, the researchers report on their step-by-step process of rewiring cells. The findingsthe first in the marmoset, a small monkeyopen new possibilities for studying primate biology and developing novel assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro gametogenesis, a process of generating germ cells, sperm or eggs, in a laboratory dish, akin to how in vitro fertilization involves the generation of an embryo outside the human body.

"Scientists know how to generate functional sperm and egg from induced pluripotent stem cells in mice, but mouse germ cells are very different from human germ cells," says Kotaro Sasaki, an assistant professor at Penn Vet. "By studying marmosets, whose biology more closely resembles ours, we can bridge the gap."

To understand how to generate germ cells, the researchers first studied germ cell precursors from marmoset embryos, which had never been rigorously characterized for the species. They found that these early-stage cells, known as primordial germ cells (PGCs), bore certain molecular markers that could be tracked over time.

Performing single-cell RNA sequencing on these cells revealed that PGCs expressed genes characteristic of early-stage germ cells and those related to epigenetic modifications, which regulate gene expression. PGCs did not, however, express genes known to be turned on later in the process of germ cell development, when precursor cells migrate to the ovaries or testes to complete their maturation.

Their findings were "consistent with the notion that marmoset germ cells undergo a reprogramming process," Sasaki says, that "turns off" certain markers and allows PGCs to proceed through the stages of germ cell development. The patterns the researchers observed in marmoset cells closely resembled what has been found in both humans and other monkey species but were distinct from those of mice, another reason why the marmoset could be a valuable model for reproductive biology studies.

With that information in hand, the team set about trying to reconstitute the process of development artificially, in the lab. The first step: to transform blood cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), cells that retain the ability to give rise to a number of other cell types.

"I have a lot of experience in working with cell culture and induced pluripotent stem cells, but establishing a stable culture for the marmoset cells was a difficult part of the study," says Yasunari Seita, a postdoctoral researcher in Sasaki's lab and a lead author.

After much trial and error and applying lessons learned from mouse, human, and other investigations, Seita landed upon a strategy that enabled him to generate and sustain stable cultures of iPSCs. A key to success was the addition of an inhibitor of the signaling pathway governed by the Wnt protein, which is involved in a variety of cellular functions, such as cell differentiation.

The next step was to move from iPSCs to germ cell precursors. Once again, considerable experimentation went into developing the protocol for this transformation. The method that worked best involved adding a cocktail of growth factors to successfully prompt between 15-40% of their culture to take on the characteristics of these germ cell precursors.

"We were excited to see that efficiency and were able to expand our cultures, passaging them multiple times and seeing nice, exponential growth," Sasaki says. "The cells maintained key germ cell markers but didn't express other markers that are associated with the migration to the gonad.

In a final stage of the study, the research team coaxed these lab-grown cells to take on the characteristics of later-stage germ cells. Based on a method Sasaki and colleagues had established earlier in human cells and reported in a 2020 Nature Communications paper, they cultured the cells with mouse testicular cells over the course of a month. The result was a successful growth with some cells beginning to turn on genes associated with later-stage sperm cell precursors.

Developing new approaches to study the marmoset sets up the Penn and University of Texas at San Antonio teamsas well as the scientific community in generalto make use of the species as an important research model. Marmosets, for example, have cognitive functioning that resembles that of humans in many ways and thus could lead to new insights in neuroscience.

For Sasaki's group, most interested in development of the reproductive system, marmosets represent a new avenue for pursuing studies of normal and abnormal development as well as fertility.

"When you think about the clinical applications of an assisted reproductive technology like in vitro gametogenesis, there are a lot of ethical, legal, and safety concerns that could arise," Sasaki says. "We definitely need a good preclinical model to explore before we move to human clinical translation."

More information: Yasunari Seita et al, Efficient generation of marmoset primordial germ cell-like cells using induced pluripotent stem cells, eLife (2023). DOI: 10.7554/eLife.82263

Journal information: eLife , Nature Communications

Follow this link:
Rewiring blood cells to give rise to precursors of sperm - Phys.org

The amazing ways electricity in your body shapes you and your health – New Scientist

Your cells crackle with electric signals that guide embryonic development and heal wounds. If we can learn to tweak this bioelectric code, we might be able to prevent cancer and even grow new limbs

By Sally Adee

Spooky Pooka

WHEN Dany Adams first played back the footage, there was nothing to see. The tadpole had developed enough of a tail to swim out of shot, leaving only a blank screen. Oh well, she remembers thinking. Another one bites the dust. But the camera had been running all night, so she dutifully rewound the tape on the off chance it had caught something interesting. Interesting didnt begin to describe what she saw. My jaw dropped, right to the floor, she says.

The video showed a frog embryo busily dividing to become a tadpole. Then, this tiny, smooth blob began to light up. Electrical patterns flashed a series of unmistakable images across it: two ears, two eyes, jaws, a nose. These ghostly projections didnt last long. But 2 or 3 hours later, exactly where they had glimmered, the real things appeared: two ears, two eyes, jaws, a nose. Here, at last, was the proof she had been after in her role on a decade-long project undertaken by Michael Levin at Tufts University in Massachusetts. It showed that electrical patterns provide a blueprint that shapes a developing body, coordinating where to put its face and grow its other features.

Astounding as this sounds, it is just one of many roles that electricity plays in biology. There is mounting evidence that, as well as instructing development, electricity influences everything from wound healing to cancer. Bioelectric gradients and communication are fundamental to being alive, says Levin. If we can map this electrome and learn to decode it, some astonishing consequences for our health would only be the start.

If you have ever spared a

Original post:
The amazing ways electricity in your body shapes you and your health - New Scientist