New Hope Against ALS: They Manage To Transplant Stem Cells That Could Prevent Paralysis – Nation World News

An experimental therapy developed by researchers at Cedars-Sinai Center in Los Angeles, California (USA) has shown that stem cell transplant Possible and safe for patients suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The results are published in the peer-reviewed scientific journal nature medicine,

By combining gene and cell therapy, scientists have shown that these cells can cross the blood-brain barrier and release a protective protein from the motor neurons of the spinal cord. This could potentially prevent its worsening and paralysis of muscle functions that characterize this neurodegenerative disease.

Stem cells are a powerful method for Transport of important proteins in the brain or spinal cord which otherwise could not cross the blood-brain barrier, explains Clive Svendsen, MD, director of medicine and biomedical sciences at the Cedars-Sinai Institute for Regenerative Medicine and senior author of the current study.

We have been able to show that these laboratory-modified stem cells can be safely transplanted into the spinal cord. And, after a one-time treatment, these cells survive and Protein production for more than three years What we know protects neurons that die as ALS progresses, Svendson continues.

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These cells were intended maintain leg function In patients, one of the first manifestations of paralysis is associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Subsequently, the disease automatically leads to the inability to walk, speak, and finally breathe. The trial involved 18 volunteers, and none of them experienced serious side effects.

The modified cells in Svendsons lab were designed to produce GDNF. a protein called, stands for glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor. These glial cells are affected by ALS and stop protecting the neurons responsible for passing the nerve signals that enable muscle function and movement, causing them to deteriorate.

GDNF alone cannot cross the blood-brain barrier But stem cell transplantation is a method that manages to move the protein to where it should be, explains Dr. Pablo Avalos, co-author of this work. In this first therapeutic approach, the technique was to demonstrate that that it did not cause adverse in patients.

ALS often results in a loss of strength in both legs simultaneously, so researchers applied therapy. only one of them Through the half of the cord that controls it, so that the results can be compared with the other untreated leg. After transplantation, patients were followed for one year. During this period, it was found that the implant did not negatively affect the muscle strength of the operated leg.

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One of the minor side effects, however, manifested itself when the transplanted cells went to higher levels of the marrow, affecting sensory area and causing instances of pain. there were also cases of benign growth, As Svendson points out, these phenomena should be studied in future trials with a deeper focus and a different surgical approach.

The next trial, he explains, will enroll more patients with earlier ALS cases, to verify the long-term effects. This time they will focus on the lower part of the spine. In addition, these cells will be tested Direct implants in the cerebral motor cortex In hopes of better preserving the neurons responsible for the use of the hand.

We are very grateful to the study participants, Svendsson says. ALS is a very difficult disease to treat, and this research a new Hope To get closer to a way to delay the progression of this disease through therapy.

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New Hope Against ALS: They Manage To Transplant Stem Cells That Could Prevent Paralysis - Nation World News

Great oaks grow from small acorns: Oncology is committed to doing its part for sustainability – EurekAlert

Late-breaking results presented at the ESMO Congress 2022 elucidate the link between air pollution and lung cancer

ESMO partners with EONS to launch the Cancer Prevention across Europe (PrEvCan) campaign

Study confirms accuracy of multi-cancer early detection blood testing, paving the way for a new era in cancer screening

Paris, France, 9 September 2022 Sustainability will be at the heart of many discussions at the ESMO Congress 2022, as illustrated by the new results and initiatives spanning cancer prevention, early detection and treatment that were announced today during the opening press conference to the annual meeting of the international oncology community taking place 9-13 September in Paris, France.

By definition, sustainability is about being able to maintain important, high-quality processes over time. In oncology, seeing the rise in cancer cases, we need to ask ourselves how we can make sure the essential process of caring for patients can be maintained, said ESMO President Prof. Solange Peters. Sustainability encompasses the notion of avoiding degradation, meaning that we also have to look at maintaining the quality which, in cancer, includes the availability of and access to anticancer drugs. It also includes quality of life, which is still dependent on the environment, and as ESMO we need to start looking at the environmental sustainability of everything we do.

Underscoring the multifaceted nature of sustainability as a societal goal, late-breaking results to be presented at the ESMO Congress 2022 offer a deeper understanding of the long-established link between air pollution and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) arising in people who have never smoked, and make clear the link between climate change and human health. Pollution has a known association with lung cancer, but we didnt know if and how it directly causes the disease, said study author and ESMO 2022 Scientific Co-Chair Prof. Charles Swanton, the Francis Crick Institute and Cancer Research UK Chief Clinician, London, UK, explaining the background to this work. (1)

The research, based on human and laboratory studies, showed for a population of nearly half a million people living in England, South Korea and Taiwan that exposure to increasing concentrations of airborne particulate matter (PM) 2.5 micrometres (m) in diameter was linked to increased risk of NSCLC with mutations in the EGFR gene, which are known to be present in about half of people with lung cancer who have never smoked. In laboratory mouse models, the same pollutant particles (PM2.5) were seen to directly cause lung cancer by acting through lung tissue inflammation, driving the release of a molecule known as interleukin-1 that causes epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into cancer stem-like cells. In the presence of mutations in EGFR and in another gene linked to lung cancer called KRAS, these cells can then bloom into a tumour.

These mutations can be found in over half of normal lung tissue biopsies and are a natural process of ageing. They are necessary, but not sufficient to drive cancer: it is in combination with pollution that the cancer stem cells can expand and initiate a tumour. This begins to explain how environmental carcinogens that dont induce DNA mutations can drive cancer, said Swanton, deriving from this discovery a public health mandate to lower the levels of these pollutants, which are produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. We have to achieve a 50% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, and by doing so we will naturally reduce levels of PM2.5. We can all play a part here: we need to cycle more, walk more. Its worth bearing in mind that PM2.5 cause 8 million deaths a year, not just due to cancer but also to other diseases like cardiovascular disease, strokes, dementia that is more than the deaths caused by tobacco globally.

In light of the fact that his research confirmed the blockade of interleukin-1 could inhibit lung cancer initiation by blocking the pollution-induced transformation of airway cells into cancer stem cells, Swanton also suggested that targeting interleukin-1 should be further explored in the future as a potential new approach to cancer prevention.

The findings come in a context where the global incidence of respiratory cancers is on the rise, with annual new cases expected to jump by about 70% over the next two decades. In Europe alone, similar trends observed for other malignancies could result in an increase in overall cancer mortality, from 2 million annual deaths in 2020, to as many as 3 million by 2040. (2) As up to half of all cancers are thought to be preventable, prevention is considered by the World Health Organisation to be the most cost-effective, and thus the most sustainable, long-term strategy for cancer control.

The ESMO Vision 2025, made very clear that if we want to succeed in tackling cancer, we need to develop a clear plan for primary and secondary prevention, continue to offer the optimal care for cancers that cannot be prevented and adequately support cancer survivorship. Focusing on only one of these areas and neglecting the others would lead to failure, said ESMO Director of Public Policy Dr. Rosa Giuliani.

In line with the Societys commitment to promoting research-based cancer prevention, the ESMO representatives joined European Oncology Nursing Society (EONS) Executive Board member Dr. Lena Sharp, Regional Cancer Centre, Stockholm, Sweden, in announcing the launch today of the Cancer Prevention across Europe Campaign (PrEvCan).

Led by EONS with ESMO as key partner alongside other international organisations, the campaign will over a one-year period dedicate each month to promoting and explaining the scientific evidence for each one of the 12 recommendations of the European Code Against Cancer (ECAC) to prevent the disease, starting in October with smoking as one of the most important cancer risk factors.

What is new here is that it is the cancer care workforce leading the way, said Sharp, the PrEvCan project leader. We are the ones who meet patients and their families, so we could intervene on a daily basis supporting and advising people to adopt healthier lifestyles to reduce the risk of new cancers but also to reduce negative effects on the current disease.

The campaign will target the general public, including the most vulnerable groups who can be difficult to reach with health promotion and lifestyle advice, but equally healthcare professionals, who according to Sharp can also take a more prominent role in supporting vaccination and screening programmes.

The ESMO President added: We thought for a while that prevention should be in the hands of family doctors, but then we started to learn that preventing the disease must be at least partly in the hands of the specialists of a specific disease, in order to convince people about its importance. Particularly after COVID, a certain degree of suspicion can happen in medicine. You need to make sure that everything you propose has a basis and one of these bases for cancer prevention is the burden of cancer, what it represents not only in terms of lost years of life but also in terms of the sustainability of our societies and healthcare systems. Peters further highlighted that oncologists should view prevention as an integral part of oncology care, also because the science of prevention still requires more data.

For cancers that are not currently avoidable, screening and early detection has the potential to both maximise individuals chances of survival, and alleviate the burden on health systems by reducing the proportion of patients with advanced disease who require costly, chronic therapies and care.

A study to be presented at this years Congress could lead to a major paradigm shift in this field, having confirmed the feasibility of multi-cancer early detection (MCED) blood testing as a method of screening for up to 50 different cancer types simultaneously. (3)

This is one of the very first studies where the detection of cancer DNA in the blood has allowed us to detect cancer at an early stage, said ESMO 2022 Scientific Co-Chair Prof. Fabrice Andr, Institute Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. If this test works, in the future, it will be good news for patients, but most cancer centres are not equipped to scale up surgeries for hundreds more patients with, say, early-stage pancreatic cancer. With this landmark study comes a need for a wake-up call for hospitals to see what will happen in 10 years and start now to train fellows and change their infrastructures accordingly.

Highlighting the time and patience required to turn promising research results into meaningful innovation for patients, Swanton observed: ESMO 2022 is a celebration of the collaboration between basic scientists and healthcare professionals to advance care for our patients. Some of the breakthroughs that will be discussed over the next four days have come from biological studies of worms, yeast, bacteria and plants but they took 30 or 40 years of painstaking science from the bench to the bedside. We need our funders to recognise that and to sustain investment in discovery research to generate the medicines of the future.

Among other highly anticipated results to be presented at the ESMO Congress 2022 , Andr drew attention to several examples of novel approaches which could soon become a reality in the clinic: from the phase III trial of gamma secretase inhibitor (GSI) nirogacestat, a first-in-class drug targeting a new molecular alteration in a rare category of cancers known as desmoid tumours, through a landmark trial of cell therapy using tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) to improve the outcomes of patients with advanced melanoma, all the way to several late-phase trials of immunotherapy, including for non-small cell lunger cancer patients not eligible to standard platinum chemotherapy. Andr welcomed the presence of studies for underrepresented patient populations in the Congresss scientific programme, concluding: We cannot exclude patients from clinical trials.

In closing, ESMO 2022 Press Officer Dr. Antonio Passaro called for a wide and wise dissemination of the data to be presented: We have here a community of about 25,000 people, with more than 1,900 abstracts and 76 LBAs that will be presented in the coming days. We need to pass these messages to all of our colleagues and the public in order to dramatically improve the future of our patients, which risks being worse than it is today considering current cancer incidence trends.

-END-

Notes to Editors

Please make sure to use the official name of the meeting in your reports: ESMO Congress 2022

Official Congress Hashtag: #ESMO22

Follow the conversation on Twitter, LinkedIn, Instagram, Facebook and watch video material on YouTube

References

1 LBA1 Mechanism of action and an actionable inflammatory axis for air pollution induced non-small cell lung cancer in never smokers will be

presented by Charles Swanton during Presidential Symposium 1 on Saturday, 10 September, 16:30 to 18:00 CEST in Paris Auditorium. Annals of

Oncology, Volume 33 Supplement 7, September 2022

2 Source: Globocan

3 Abstract 903O A prospective study of a multi-cancer early detection blood test will be presented by Deb Schrag during the proffered paper

session Basic science and translational research on Sunday, 11 September, 16:30 to 18:00 CEST in Orlans Auditorium. Annals of Oncology,

Volume 33 Supplement 7, September 2022

4 The ESMO ANMS 2.0 survey about access to cancer medicines will be discussed during the educational session The Universal Health Coverage (UHC) dilemma: Can we afford to pay for what we want? on Saturday, 10 September, 8:30 to 10:00 CEST in Marseille Auditorium.

About the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO)

ESMO is the leading professional organisation for medical oncology. With 25,000 members representing oncology professionals from over 160 countries worldwide, ESMO is the society of reference for oncology education and information.Driven by a shared determination to secure the best possible outcomes for patients, ESMO is committed tostanding by those who care about cancerthroughaddressing the diverse needs of#ONEoncologycommunity,offering#educationforLIFE, andadvocating for#accessiblecancerCARE.www.esmo.org

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Great oaks grow from small acorns: Oncology is committed to doing its part for sustainability - EurekAlert

What happens to the brain on prescription steroids? – Medical News Today

Glucocorticoids also known as corticosteroids or just steroids are a class of medications prescribed for a variety of different diseases and conditions. These are different from anabolic steroids that may be used to increase muscle mass.

Concerningly, prescription steroids can sometimes come with harsh side effects, including neurological issues, such as mood disorders and cognitive issues.

Now a team of scientists from Leiden University Medical Center in The Netherlands has found evidence suggesting the use of prescribed steroids causes structural and volume changes in the white and gray matter of the brain.

This study recently appeared in the journal BMJ Open.

Doctors mainly prescribe corticosteroids to help lower inflammation in the body, suppress the bodys immune system, or balance hormone levels

They normally prescribe them in tablet or inhaler form, although sometimes people require prescribed steroid injections. There are also topical corticosteroids in the form of lotions or creams.

A doctor might prescribe steroids for the following conditions:

Using glucocorticoids for an extended time increases a persons risk of developing certain side effects, such as:

According to doctoral researcher Merel van der Meulen, from the Department of Medicine in the Division of Endocrinology at Leiden University Medical Center and lead author of this study, previous research of people with Cushings disease, who have very high levels of the bodys own glucocorticoid cortisol, shows that long-term exposure to glucocorticoids can affect both the function and the structure of the brain.

Correcting cortisol levels can at least partially reverse these changes. But what about people whose steroid levels increase due to other medical needs?

A few small studies in selected populations also showed that long-term systemic glucocorticoid medication use is associated with some differences in the brain, van der Meulen told Medical News Today.

We wondered whether these effects of glucocorticoids on brain structure could also be observed in the large population-based cohort of the UK Biobank, including inhaled glucocorticoid users, she added.

The research team examined data, including questionnaires and MRI scans, from 222 systemic glucocorticoid users meaning they took the prescribed medication orally or through an injection and 557 inhaled glucocorticoid users from the UK Biobank population recruited between 2006 and 2010.

None of the participants had a history of neurological, psychiatric, or hormonal issues. Researchers compared the data from glucocorticoid users to that of 24,106 people who did not use steroids.

The researchers found that participants using either systemic or inhaled prescribed steroids had less intact white matter structure in the brain compared to non-steroid users. However, this observation increased in systemic steroid users compared to inhaled steroid users.

White matter occurs deep in the brain and is made up of bundles of nerve cells. It plays a role in neuronal connections and signaling in the brain.

The scientists moreover found that participants taking systemic steroids had a larger caudate a part of the gray matter of the brain involved in high-level activities like planning the execution of movements, learning, and memory compared to non-users.

And participants using inhaled glucocorticoids had a smaller amygdala compared to those not taking prescribed steroids. The amygdala is also part of the brains gray matter and is linked to the processing and regulation of emotions.

MNT spoke with Dr. Santosh Kesari, a neurologist at Providence Saint Johns Health Center in Santa Monica, CA, and Regional Medical Director for the Research Clinical Institute of Providence Southern California about this study.

I was excited to know someone did this study that really validates what weve known for a long time that steroids cause brain atrophy and a lot of neuropsychiatric symptoms or side effects, he stated.

This study showed that steroids do have an effect on the structure of the brain, Dr. Kesari continued. You do lose white matter, which [makes up] the connections from one neuron to another. Theres also some loss of the gray matter, the actual neurons, that needs to be studied [further].

Dr. Kesari explained that white matter is the conduit for information from one neuron to another:

When you lose white matter, everything slows down, meaning slower response, some memory issues potentially, or cognitive issues. And then there [are] also psychiatric issues, so they [people who take prescription steroids] can get agitated, depressed, mood disorders, things like that.

Adding to the white matter discussion, van der Meulen said that previous research shows that glucocorticoids can have psychiatric side effects, such as depression and anxiety.

In our observational study, we report associations between glucocorticoids and a lower white matter microstructure in the brain, she continued. It is possible that these associations may be related to the psychiatric side effects of glucocorticoids, but more research is needed to confirm this.

MNT also spoke with Dr. Ilan Danan, a sports neurologist and pain management specialist at the Center for Sports Neurology and Pain Medicine at Cedars-Sinai Kerlan-Jobe Institute in Los Angeles, CA.

He cautioned that it is important to note there is a difference between the prescribed steroids discussed in this study compared to those taken by athletes.

As opposed to the steroids that may be prescribed by physicians, the ones that athletes will look into are going to be more for performance enhancement, he explained. Those are anabolic, androgenic-type steroids that dont necessarily apply in this context.

As for the next steps in this research, van der Meulen said that many questions remain unanswered that she hopes to address in the future.

For example, are these effects reversible? she wondered. How do they depend on the dose and duration of glucocorticoid use and the type of glucocorticoid medication used? And could selective glucocorticoid receptor modulators a type of glucocorticoid-like medication that has a more selective effect and therefore potentially [fewer] side effects prevent these effects from happening?

Dr. Danan stated that he would like to see more details regarding how long participants used prescribed steroids and whether the systemic glucocorticoid users took the medication orally or through an injection.

Those are things that as a physician [I] would want to know so that I can tie in whether or not this has a potential impact on my patient base, he added.

And Dr. Kesari said that although this study documents atrophy of the brain, more research is required to understand how that happens.

We need to do more basic science research to understand the mechanisms of how steroids are causing this brain damage, and then how we can mitigate it with other medications or reparative mechanisms in the future, whether its stem cells or growth factors that may stimulate stem cells, he said.

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What happens to the brain on prescription steroids? - Medical News Today