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Aileron Therapeutics Announces Late-Breaking Oral Presentation of Non-Clinical Data Demonstrating ALRN-6924 Protected Human Hair Follicles and Their…

By Stem Cell Medicine

Aileron Therapeutics, Inc.

Taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel, cause severe and often permanent chemotherapy-induced hair loss (alopecia)

New non-clinical data demonstrate proof of principle that ALRN-6924 can temporarily arrest the cell cycle in human scalp hair follicles and their stem cells

ALRN-6924-induced cell cycle arrest protected hair follicles from paclitaxel-induced toxicity and irreversible stem cell damage

Ailerons precision medicine-based approach is designed to selectively protect normal, healthy cells from chemotherapy while ensuring chemotherapy cannot protect cancer cells

Ailerons ongoing non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) clinical trial and upcoming breast cancer clinical trial will evaluate ALRN-6924s protection against chemotherapy-induced bone marrow toxicities and other side effects, including alopecia

BOSTON, May 10, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Aileron Therapeutics (Nasdaq: ALRN), a chemoprotection oncology company that aspires to make chemotherapy safer and thereby more effective to save more patients lives, today announced a late-breaking oral presentation at the upcoming Society for Investigative Dermatology (SID) Annual Meeting, which will be held May 18 21, 2022 in Portland, Oregon. The presentation will highlight new non-clinical data developed in collaboration with Professor Ralf Paus, M.D., DSc, FRSB and his colleagues at the Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine. This collaboration has generated promising ex vivo data demonstrating that ALRN-6924 protected human hair follicles and their stem cells from chemotherapy-induced acute and permanent damage. Details of the presentation are as follows:

Title:

ALRN-6924, a dual inhibitor of MDMX and MDM2, protects human scalp hair follicles and their epithelial stem cells from paclitaxel-induced toxicity (LB1018)

Presenter:

Jennifer Gherardini, Ph.D.; Paus Laboratory, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

Date:

Thursday, May 19th

Time:

8:45 AM 11:15 AM PT

Session:

Late-Breaking Abstract Concurrent Session

Chemotherapy-induced toxicities range from severe and life-threatening to those that impact and diminish patients quality of life, sometimes long after chemotherapy has been completed. These toxicities occur because chemotherapy destroys normal, healthy cells while simultaneously destroying cancer cells, said Manuel Aivado, M.D., Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer at Aileron. Previously, we showed chemoprotection against severe bone marrow toxicities in small cell lung cancer patients receiving topotecan and demonstrated in healthy volunteers the mechanism of action cell cycle arrest underlying this chemoprotection benefit. We are excited to now present new data that may suggest ALRN-6924s ability to also protect against chemotherapy-induced hair loss, another devastating chemotherapy-induced side effect for millions of cancer patients.

Dr. Paus commented, These results got us quite excited as they directly follow in the footsteps of our prior work that showed arresting the cell cycle can have a strong protective effect against taxane-induced hair follicle damage. Until our research with ALRN-6924, we had not come across a cell cycle arrest-inducing drug that is in clinical testing for protection of normal cells without protecting cancer cells. Thus, ALRN-6924 invites a very promising and completely novel selective protection approach. In addition, we found that ALRN-6924 may exert some additional benefits that could reduce the risk of long-term damage of human hair follicle stem cells by taxanes.

Story continues

Aileron is currently developing ALRN-6924, a first-in-class MDM2/MDMX dual inhibitor, to selectively protect healthy cells in patients with cancers that harbor p53 mutations to reduce or eliminate chemotherapy-induced side effects while preserving chemotherapys attack on cancer cells. ALRN-6924 is designed to activate p53 in normal cells, which in turn upregulates p21, which pauses cell cycle in normal cells but not in p53-mutated cancer cells. The companys vision is to bring chemoprotection to all patients with p53-mutated cancer regardless of the type of cancer or chemotherapy.

About the Findings

Taxanes, such as paclitaxel and docetaxel, are known to cause severe and often permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia. Over 90% of patients treated with this chemotherapy class experience alopecia, and approximately 10% (paclitaxel) to 25% (docetaxel) of patients experience permanent alopecia. Dr. Paus and his team previously demonstrated that paclitaxel damages human scalp hair follicles by inducing massive mitotic defects and apoptosis in hair matrix keratinocytes as well as bulge stem cell DNA damage, and that pharmacological induction of transient cell cycle arrest can protect hair follicles and stem cells (Purba et al. EMBO Molecular Medicine 2019). Aileron previously conducted in vitro studies showing that ALRN-6924 protected human fibroblasts in cell culture from multiple chemotherapies, but not p53-mutant breast cancer cells.

In the new non-clinical findings to be presented at the SID meeting, when organ-cultured anagen (i.e., active growth phase) scalp hair follicles from two human donors were pre-treated with ALRN-6924 or vehicle (i.e., placebo), followed by paclitaxel or vehicle, ALRN-6924 significantly increased the number of p21-positive hair matrix keratinocytes and bulge stem cells compared to vehicle or paclitaxel alone, confirming cell cycle arrest ex vivo. Further, pretreatment of paclitaxel-treated human hair follicles with ALRN-6924, led to a reduction in the number of melanin clumps, a marker of hair follicle cytotoxicity and dystrophy, as well as a reduction in apoptosis, pathological mitosis, and DNA damage. Aileron believes that these findings support clinical investigation of ALRN-6924 to prevent both acute and permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia, in addition to its ongoing evaluation of ALRN-6924 to protect against chemotherapy-induced bone marrow and other toxicities.

About Ailerons Clinical Trials of ALRN-6924

Aileron is on track to initiate a Phase 1b randomized, controlled trial of ALRN-6924 in patients with p53-mutated ER+/HER2- neoadjuvant breast cancer in 2Q 2022. The planned breast cancer trial will evaluate ALRN-6924s protection against chemotherapy-induced bone marrow toxicities, as well as other toxicities, including alopecia, in patients with p53-mutated ER+/HER2- breast cancer treated with a doxorubicin plus cyclophosphamide and docetaxel chemotherapy regimen.

The company is currently enrolling patients in a Phase 1b randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating ALRN-6924s protection against chemotherapy-induced bone marrow and other toxicities in patients with advanced p53-mutated non-small cell lung cancer undergoing treatment with first-line carboplatin plus pemetrexed with or without immunotherapy. While patients in this trial are monitored for alopecia, historically, only a small percentage of patients treated with carboplatin plus pemetrexed experience acute alopecia. Aileron is on track to report interim results on the first 20 patients enrolled in the NSCLC trial in June 2022 and topline results on 60 patients in 4Q 2022.

About Aileron Therapeutics

Aileron is a clinical stage chemoprotection oncology company that aspires to make chemotherapy safer and thereby more effective to save more patients lives. ALRN-6924, our first-in-class MDM2/MDMX dual inhibitor, is designed to activate p53, which in turn upregulates p21, a known inhibitor of the cell replication cycle. ALRN-6924 is the only reported chemoprotective agent in clinical development to employ a biomarker strategy, in which we exclusively focus on treating patients with p53-mutated cancers. Our targeted strategy is designed to selectively protect multiple healthy cell types throughout the body from chemotherapy without protecting cancer cells. As a result, healthy cells are spared from chemotherapeutic destruction while chemotherapy continues to kill cancer cells. By reducing or eliminating multiple chemotherapy-induced side effects, ALRN-6924 may improve patients quality of life and help them better tolerate chemotherapy. Enhanced tolerability may result in fewer dose reductions or delays of chemotherapy and the potential for improved efficacy.

Our vision is to bring chemoprotection to all patients with p53-mutated cancers, which represent approximately 50% of cancer patients, regardless of type of cancer or chemotherapy. Visit us at aileronrx.com to learn more.

Forward-Looking Statements

Statements in this press release about Ailerons future expectations, plans and prospects, as well as any other statements regarding matters that are not historical facts, may constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of The Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These statements include, but are not limited to, statements about the potential of ALRN-6924 as a chemoprotective agent, including its ability to prevent both acute and permanent chemotherapy-induced alopecia, and the Companys strategy and clinical development plans. The words anticipate, believe, continue, could, estimate, expect, intend, may, plan, potential, predict, project, should, target, would and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements as a result of various important factors, including whether Ailerons cash resources will be sufficient to fund its continuing operations for the periods anticipated or with respect to the matters anticipated; whether initial results of clinical trials will be indicative of final results of those trials or results obtained in future clinical trials, including trials in different indications; whether ALRN-6924 will advance through the clinical trial process on a timely basis, or at all; whether the results of such trials will be accepted by and warrant submission for approval from the United States Food and Drug Administration or equivalent foreign regulatory agencies; whether ALRN-6924 will receive approval from regulatory agencies on a timely basis or at all or in which territories or indications ALRN-6924 may receive approval; whether, if ALRN-6924 obtains approval, it will be successfully distributed and marketed; what impact the coronavirus pandemic may have on the timing of our clinical development, clinical supply and our operations; and other factors discussed in the Risk Factors section of Ailerons annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021, filed on March 28, 2022, and risks described in other filings that Aileron may make with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date hereof, and Aileron specifically disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statement, whether because of new information, future events or otherwise.

Investor Contact: Stern Investor Relations Alexander Lobo alex.lobo@sternir.com

Media Contact: Liz Melone 617-256-6622

Original post:
Aileron Therapeutics Announces Late-Breaking Oral Presentation of Non-Clinical Data Demonstrating ALRN-6924 Protected Human Hair Follicles and Their...

Aspen Neuroscience Announces $147.5 Million Series B Financing, Led by GV, LYFE Capital and Revelation Partners – PR Newswire

By Stem Cell Medicine

Aspen Neuroscience is preparing to study its first autologous cell replacement candidate in Parkinson's disease

GV, LYFE Capital and Revelation Partners co-led the investment round with participation from additional new investors Newton Investment Management, Singapore-based global investor EDBI, LifeForce Capital, Medical Excellence Capital Partners, Mirae Asset Capital, NS Investment and others. As part of the financing, Doug Fisher of Revelation Partners will join the board of directors.

The raise included significant investments from Series A/Seed investment teams including OrbiMed, ARCH Venture Partners, Frazier Life Sciences, Section32 and Alexandria Venture Investments.

"As the leader in autologous cell therapy development, Aspen Neuroscience is preparing to study its first cell replacement candidate in Parkinson's disease," said Damien McDevitt, Ph.D., president and chief executive officer. "This company was founded by a visionary team of scientists and patient advocates, who envisioned a day when personalized cell replacement could be used to target neurodegenerative diseases. We are happy to be aligned with such a prestigious group of founders and investors, having raised more than $220 million since the company's founding, towards our mission to develop transformational medicines for patients with limited treatment options."

The Series B funding will support the planned studies of the company'slead product candidate for Parkinson's disease, ANPD001, including its patient Screening Cohort study and the upcoming Phase 1/2a clinical trial,post-IND submission to FDA.

"This is an important milestone in the field of cell therapy for neurodegenerative diseases and we are immensely proud of this innovative team, who are working to transform the field and to modify the course of Parkinson's disease," said Faheem Hasnain, Aspen Neuroscience chairman.

Aspen is the leading company developing a personalized cell replacement using a patient's own cells, eliminating the need for immunosuppressive therapy. Developed from a simple skin biopsy, each patient's stem cell-derived dopamine neurons will be evaluated for potential effectiveness using proprietary AI-based genomics tools, before being transplanted for clinical use. Aspen Neuroscience's process allows for a reduction in the time and cost of the manufacturing process required to produce a safe, reproducible, and personalized autologous cell therapy. To date, Aspen has performed in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrating that the protocol reliably produces dopamine-releasing neurons when examined both physiologically and functionally.

Dr. McDevitt, continued, "We combine stem cell biology with innovative AI/bioinformatic and manufacturing tools to develop patient-specific approaches. To that end, the Series B financing will also support our R&D pipeline, which includes autologous gene-corrected cells and programs that explore the treatment of other neurological diseases."

About Parkinson's DiseaseParkinson's Disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, affecting around one million Americans and greater than ten million people worldwide, with 60,000 people newly diagnosed every year. Even with the current standard of care therapy, patients eventually develop debilitating motor complications due to loss of dopamine neurons in the brain; approximately 50% are lost even before diagnosis. Cell replacement therapy of dopamine neurons has the potential to release dopamine and reconstruct neural networks.

About Aspen NeuroscienceHeadquartered in San Diego, Aspen Neuroscience, Inc. is a development stage, private biotechnology company focused on personalized (autologous) cell therapies. The company is developing induced-pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to address diseases with high unmet medical need, beginning with autologous neuron replacement for both sporadic and genetic forms of Parkinson's disease (PD) and extending across the brain and affected organs.

A leading iPSC platform company, Aspen combines stem cell biology with the latest artificial intelligence and genomic approaches to investigate patient-specific, restorative treatments. The company has developed a best-in-class platform to create and characterize pluripotent-derived cell medicines, which includes in-house bioinformatics, manufacturing and QC. For more information and important updates,please visit http://www.aspenneuroscience.com.

SOURCE Aspen Neuroscience , Inc.

Continued here:
Aspen Neuroscience Announces $147.5 Million Series B Financing, Led by GV, LYFE Capital and Revelation Partners - PR Newswire

Stem Cell Technology Helps Identify a Potential Casual Mechanism in Schizophrenia That Could Be Targeted – Brain & Behavior Research Foundation |

By Stem Cell Medicine

New research by a team that included four BBRF grantees has demonstrated the value of studying the causes of complex psychiatric illness by analyzing neurons grown in the laboratory, using stem-cell technology.

In experiments reported in Nature Communications, 2014 BBRF Young Investigator Ian Maze, Ph.D., a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, and 2019 BBRF Young Investigator Lorna A. Farrelly, Ph.D., also at Mount Sinai, and colleagues, used stem cell technology to identify a protein involved in the regulation of gene expression whose inhibition may help to ameliorate abnormalities in neurons that are associated with early pathology in schizophrenia. Adding to the interest of the finding, there is a known drug that can inhibit the protein in question, suggesting a potential future approach to treat or even prevent schizophrenia in some instances.

Developed in the second decade of the 2000s by researchers including BBRF Scientific Council members Ronald McKay, Ph.D., Stewart Anderson, M.D., Fred Gage, Ph.D. and Kristen Brennand, Ph.D., "human induced pluripotent stem cell" (hiPSC) technology involves harmlessly sampling cells (usually skin cells) from an individual and then genetically reprograming these cells to re-develop as other cell types. When reprogrammed as neural cells, these baby cells are grown in culture dishes, and can be brought together with other developing neurons to form "organoids," in which neurons and other cells found in the living brain wire together and form functional networks.

Not only does stem-cell technology enable researchers to generate virtually limitless quantities of live human neurons, overcoming the problem of having to rely on postmortem brain tissue to study brain tissue from psychiatric patients. Just as important, every cell perfectly represents the complex genetics of the patient whose donated skin cells are the basis of the organoid.

This makes hiPSC technology uniquely valuable in the study of illnesses like schizophrenia, in which genetic factors are strongly involved in causation, and pathology in many cases is hypothesized to have its origins in the early development of the braina phase that organoids can recapitulate in the lab.

The team, which included BBRF Scientific Council members Dr. Brennand (who is 2018 BBRF Maltz Prize winner, 2016 Independent Investigator and 2012 Young Investigator) and 2011 BBRF Lieber Prize winner and 2010 and 1998 BBRF Distinguished Investigator Carol A. Tamminga, M.D., induced skin cells sampled from individuals with schizophrenia to re-develop as neurons of the type found in the forebrain. Cells in the forebrain process information from the senses and are involved in thinking, perceiving, producing, and understanding language, as well as controlling motor function.

The team made an important observation in reprogrammed neurons derived from patient samples as these cells were maturing: they detected aberrant patterns of epigenetic activity. Epigenetics refers to molecular processes that affect the way specific genes are expressed in a cell. Every human cell contains an individual's entire genome, and gene-regulating factors, including epigenetic factors, determine when and where in the body or in an organ like the brain specific genes will be activated or repressed, depending upon the biological context.

The abnormal epigenetic pattern the team found is called hyperacetylation. Acetyl molecules are among the epigenetic factors that attach to DNA packaging proteins to encourage or repress gene activation. Hyperacetylation means that there are too many acetyl molecules attaching to bundles of DNA called histones. This causes one or more genes to be abnormally regulated.

The team also identified a specific protein, called BRD4, which, when blocked or repressed in its activity of "reading" the epigenetic state of a given histone, can restore or alleviate the severity of aberrant gene expression caused by hyperacetylation. Experiments indicated that a BRD4 inhibitor might specifically alleviate a kind of aberrant gene expression linked with schizophrenia.

This is exciting because a drug called JQ1 has been shown, in other research, to prevent interactions between proteins like BRD4 and bundled DNA. The drug has been tested in anti-cancer applications, but as the team notes, "the potential of using such inhibitors [of BRD4 and related proteins] to alleviate schizophrenia-related gene expression has remained unexplored."

The team proposes that treatments with JQ1 might "partially rescue" irregularities in gene expression associated with schizophrenia. They say their results warrant further experimental investigation of this possibility.

In addition to Drs. Brennand and Maze, Haitao Li, Ph.D. of Tsinghua University, PRC, was also a senior member of the team.

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Stem Cell Technology Helps Identify a Potential Casual Mechanism in Schizophrenia That Could Be Targeted - Brain & Behavior Research Foundation |

INFOBAE.COM: Houston doctors and researchers that are making the biggest international impact according to the KOLs list – Most of them are women – PR…

By Stem Cell Medicine

SANTA BARBARA, Calif., May 11, 2022 /PRNewswire/ --The work of Houston doctors and researchers is getting international attention. The most researched areas in Houston after COVID are Oncology, Cardiology, and Endocrinology.

According to the KOLs list, the leading institutions are The University Of Texas MD Anderson, Houston Methodist, Harris Health System, Heart Institute, and Baylor College Of Medicine.

Gender diversity among the top Houston researchers

Ana Gannon, Director of technology of the firm Key Opinion Leaders, commented on the issue "It is not common to see the level of gender diversity we see in Houston in terms of researchers that are creating international impact with their work and findings."

"To give an example, within the group of Houston researchers working on next-generation cancer therapies, such as CAR-T, and whose work is having an international projection, the vast majority of them are women," Mrs. Gannon added.

The analysis prepared by the firm Key Opinion Leaders and available at keyopinionleaders.comquantifies the level of impact of researchers around the world for specific medical concepts like medical conditions, medications, active ingredients, treatments, devices, and more.

What is a "Key Opinion Leader"?

A key opinion leader (KOL) is an expert, thought leader, or influencer who has earned the trust of their peers for an area of knowledge. In healthcare, KOLs play an essential role in shaping the discourse around key issues and helping to drive change within the health system. Patients, physicians, and sometimes even regulatory agencies accept their input while making decisions.

Top Houston Researchers working on next-generation Cancer therapies

According to the KOLs list, some of the Houston researchers whose work on next-generation cancer therapies is getting the most international attention are:

... Please click here to see the other research categories and the full KOLs list on infobae.com.

Amy Mcquade [emailprotected] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t32izA3MWrwHow-to-guide for finding KOLs

SOURCE Key Opinion Leaders, LLC

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INFOBAE.COM: Houston doctors and researchers that are making the biggest international impact according to the KOLs list - Most of them are women - PR...

Cannabis, heart disease, and a soy-derived supplement that may help – Medical News Today

By Stem Cell Medicine

Researchers are still learning about the health impacts of cannabis. Derivatives of cannabis may have many health benefits. However, researchers are still learning how to balance these positives with potential health risks.

A recent study published in the journal Cell examined the adverse cardiovascular effects of cannabis and found a particular impact on cardiovascular health.

However, the researchers also found that the compound genistein may help decrease these harmful effects.

Cannabis use is becoming increasingly popular, especially for recreational purposes. But researchers are still seeking to discover the full medicinal benefits of cannabis.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention notes that tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the compound in cannabis that produces mind alterations and impaired mental functioning. Specifically, the main compound that causes these effects is delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta-9-THC). In contrast, the cannabidiol (CBD) compound of cannabis doesnt cause this sort of impairment.

Currently, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved the use of Epidiolex, which contains CBD. People can use this drug as a seizure treatment. The FDA has also approved the use of two medications with synthetic THC: Marinol and Syndros. Both of these medications can control nausea and stimulate appetite.

However, in addition to the benefits, cannabis has also been linked to health risks. One particular area of interest is the potential association between cannabis and cardiovascular problems.

When asked to comment, Paul Armentano, deputy director for the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), noted that many studies have yielded inconsistent results regarding the impact of cannabis on cardiovascular health. He explained to Medical News Today:

Population-based studies evaluating the potential link between cannabis exposure and cardiovascular risks have, historically, yielded notoriously inconsistent resultsNonetheless, because of the lack of consistent data, NORML has long urged caution with respect to cannabis exposure among those with a history of heart disease or other cardiovascular issues, among other potentially higher-risk populations.

Therefore, more research is needed in this area.

The study in question sought to explore this link. Researchers first examined the association between cannabis use and heart attacks using the U.K. Biobank, the largest prospective cohort study to date, containing genetic and phenotypic data on 500,000 individuals ages 40-69.

Based on the evaluation of this data, cannabis use was associated with a higher risk for heart attack.

The researchers also recruited participants who smoked cannabis recreationally. They found that these participants had higher levels of inflammatory cytokines after smoking a cannabis cigarette, indicating a greater risk for atherosclerosis.

Next, the study authors examined the impact of delta-9-THC on endothelial cells, which are the cells that make up the cardiovascular system. They found that delta-9-THC caused oxidative stress and inflammation, both of which cause harm to the cardiovascular system.

In mice models, they also discovered that delta-9-THC caused vascular dysfunction. Their research indicates that delta-9-THC could damage the cardiovascular system.

To counteract these effects, the researchers tested the compound genistein derived from soybeans. They found that it helped reduce the impact of inflammation and oxidative stress on the cardiovascular system.

They further discovered that genistein helped lessen the severity of atherosclerosis in mouse models.

Dr. Joseph Wu, professor of cardiovascular medicine and of radiology, and the director of the Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, gave the studys highlights to MNT:

Our study shows that marijuana (cannabis) is linked to cardiovascular disease based on the U.K. biobank, stem cell-derived vascular cells, and mouse models. Using machine learning, we also discover a naturally occurring soybean derivative, genistein, that we can be used to block the bad effects of marijuana on the cardiovascular system. Dr. Joseph Wu

The study had several limitations. Firstly, the researchers could not show a causal relationship between cannabis use and heart attacks. They acknowledge the potential for flaws in the data from the U.K. Biobank cohort.

The study also used mice models, so caution must be exercised when applying any results to people.

Armentano also said that the study may fall short in terms of consistency of research in the area.

This latest paper is simply the latest in a long line of inconsistent results results that likely vary based on how well investigators do or do not control for potential confounding variables and behaviors among subjects.

However, he pointed out that the researchers theory, based on results from their mice studies, was that it could be due to cannabinoids triggering inflammation of the blood vessels and thus atherosclerosis is inconsistent with human observational studies.

Nevertheless, the results indicated that genistein could help mitigate the potentially harmful effects of cannabis while maintaining some of its beneficial effects.

Study authors wrote that [g]enistein, a soybean isoflavone, blocks harmful cardiovascular effects of [delta-9-THC] while reserving clinically useful effects such as sedation and analgesia.

Study author Joseph Wu further elaborated to MNT about the direction of further research in this area:

While we have shown that genistein can block the adverse effects of marijuana on the cardiovascular system using preclinical models, we need to do a randomized clinical trial to test its safety and effectiveness in humans.

Genistein might also be a new lead compound that will lead to the development of new drugs that can treat cardiovascular disease, Wu added.

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Cannabis, heart disease, and a soy-derived supplement that may help - Medical News Today

Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market To Be Driven By The Rapid Technological Advancements In The Forecast Period Of 2022-2027 – Digital Journal

By Embryonic Stem Cells

The new report by Expert Market Research titled, GlobalHuman Embryonic Stem Cell MarketReport and Forecast 2022-2027, gives an in-depth analysis of the global human embryonic stem cell market, assessing the market based on its segments like applications and major regions. The report tracks the latest trends in the industry and studies their impact on the overall market. It also assesses the market dynamics, covering the key demand and price indicators, along with analysing the market based on the SWOT and Porters Five Forces models.

Get a Free Sample Report with Table of Contents:https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/human-embryonic-stem-cell-market/requestsample

The key highlights of the report include:

Market Overview (2017-2027)

Historical Market Size (2020): USD 0.7 billion Forecast CAGR (2022-2027): 10%

The human embryonic stem cell market is being driven by the thriving medical sector. The rising demand for embryonic stem cells can be attributed to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases around the world owing to the rising adoption of unhealthy and sedentary lifestyle among the youth and middle-class population. The increased risk of premature death as a result of chronic diseases is a growing concern. Therefore, human embryonic stem cells are gaining popularity in the medical sector. Furthermore, the increase in research grants and private as well as public funding for the development of effective and safe stem cell therapy products is further aiding the market growth. The rising investments from key players towards enhancing human embryonic cell therapy is expected to aid the market growth in the forecast period. In post-COVID days, as the various sectors recover from the negative impacts of the pandemic, human embryonic stem cells are likely to witness a rise in demand.

Industry Definition and Major Segments

Human embryonic stem cells, also known as human embryonic stem cells are self-replicating cells derived from human fetal tissue or human embryos that develop into tissues and cells of 3 primary layers. Furthermore, human embryonic stem cells are pluripotent and are roughly 3-5 days old. It is highly versatile, as it may split into new stem cells and even transform into any type of cell in the human body, allowing it to regenerate or repair any diseased organ or tissue.

Read Full Report with Table of Contents:https://www.expertmarketresearch.com/reports/human-embryonic-stem-cell-market

The human embryonic stem cell market, on the basis of application, can be segmented into:

Regenerative Medicine Stem Cell Biology Research Tissue Engineering Toxicology Testing

The regional markets for human embryonic stem cell include:

North America Europe Asia Pacific Latin America Middle East and Africa

Among these, North America represents a significant share of the human embryonic stem cell market.

Market Trends

The rising population along with the rapidly evolving medical infrastructure of emerging economies like India and China is expected to provide an impetus to the human embryonic stem cell market. Furthermore, technological advancements and increasing research and development investments and initiatives are expected to generate opportunities in the market. Researchers and scientists are increasingly leaning toward the transformation of human embryonic stem cells into a number of mature cell types that represent various tissues and organs in the body, as embryonic cells provide unequalled data relating to a variety of disorders. The increasing efforts by the governments of various nations towards enhancing human embryonic stem cell therapy is likely to be another key trend bolstering the market growth in the forecast period.

Key Market Players

The major players in the market Astellas Pharma Inc, Stemcell Technologies Inc., Biotime INC, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., among others. The report covers the market shares, capacities, plant turnarounds, expansions, investments and mergers and acquisitions, among other latest developments of these market players.

About Us:

Expert Market Research (EMR) is a leading market research and business intelligence company, ensuring its clients remain at the vanguard of their industries by providing them with exhaustive and actionable market data through its syndicated and custom market reports, covering over 15 major industry domains. The companys expansive and ever-growing database of reports, which are constantly updated, includes reports from industry verticals like chemicals and materials, food and beverages, energy and mining, technology and media, consumer goods, pharmaceuticals, agriculture, and packaging.

EMR leverages its state-of-the-art technological and analytical tools, along with the expertise of its highly skilled team of over 100 analysts and more than 3000 consultants, to help its clients, ranging from Fortune 1,000 companies to small and medium-sized enterprises, easily grasp the expansive industry data and help them in formulating market and business strategies, which ensure that they remain ahead of the curve.

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Company Name: EMR Inc. Contact Person:- Irene Garcia, Business Consultant Email: [emailprotected]research.com Toll Free Number: US +1-415-325-5166 | UK +44-702-402-5790 Address: 30 North Gould Street, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA City: Sheridan State: Wyoming Country: United States Website: https://www.expertmarketresearch.com

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Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market To Be Driven By The Rapid Technological Advancements In The Forecast Period Of 2022-2027 - Digital Journal

Stem Cells Market by Type (Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cell, Adult Stem Cell, Other), Application (Diseases Therapy, Healthcare),…

By Embryonic Stem Cells

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Dhirtek Business Research and Consulting most recent study on the stem cells market provides a comprehensive view of the entire market. The research report delves deeply into the global stem cells markets drivers and restraints. Analysts have extensively researched the global stem cells markets milestones and the current trends that are expected to determine its future. Primary and secondary research methods were used to create an in-depth report on the topic. Analysts have provided clients with unbiased perspectives on the global stem cells industry to assist them in making well-informed business decisions.

The comprehensive research study employs Porters five forces analysis and SWOT analysis to provide readers with a clear picture of the global stem cells markets expected direction. The SWOT analysis focuses on defining the global stem cells markets strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats, whereas Porters five forces analysis emphasizes competitive competition. The research report goes into great detail about the trends and consumer behavior patterns expected to shape the global stem cells markets evolution.

Request a Sample of this Report at: https://www.dhirtekbusinessresearch.com/market-report/Stem-Cells-Market/request-for-sample-report

The global stem cells market research studys type, application, and region components are divided into three parts. Each segmentation is divided into chapters that go over the various details. The chapters include graphs that show year-over-year growth and segment-specific drivers and constraints. Furthermore, the study provides government forecasts for regional markets that affect the global stem cells sector.

Stem Cells Market Segments

Regions Covered in the Global Stem Cells Market:

In the report on the stem cells market, a detailed chapter on company profiles is included. The leading players in the global stem cells market are examined in this chapter. It contains a synopsis of the companys strategic goals and a description of its primary goods and services. An overall analysis of the organizations strategic initiatives reveals the trends that they are expected to pursue and their R&D statuses and financial outlooks. This research aims to provide readers with a thorough understanding of the global stem cells markets anticipated trajectory.

The following Companies as the Key Players in the Global Stem Cells Market Research Report:

Beikebiotech, Boyalife, CCBC, Vcanbio

Dhirtek Business Research and Consulting conducted this study using primary and secondary sources. As primary sources, industry experts from core and adjacent industries and those involved in the market. All primary sources were interviewed to obtain and verify critical qualitative and quantitative data and gain access to prospects. Secondary sources include directories, white papers, blogs, and databases.

The market size for stem cells was estimated and validated using a top-down approach. Secondary research was conducted to identify key players in the industrial value chain, and primary and secondary research was conducted to determine these companies market revenues. This includes analyzing yearly business and financial reports from major industry players and conducting in-depth interviews with CEOs, directors, vice presidents, and marketing executives.

Secondary sources were used to gather geographic market estimates, which were then cross-checked with primary sources. Variables such as key players, sales partners, and distribution networks have an impact on them. The investigation also looks into the scope of each areas research efforts. The total market size for stem cells was computed and validated using revenue and revenue share data from market businesses. The market size of each category was calculated using a top-down approach based on the total market size.

This study provides critical information on the global markets current size and projected growth for stem cells and its related industries. It also discusses geographys market characteristics, significant suppliers, consumer preference trends, and market prospects. As many countries are in a recession, firms are attempting to weather the storm by limiting unanticipated losses and spending related to the stem cells market.

Introduction

Market Overview

Market Segmentation

Regional Analysis

Competitive Analysis

Company Profiles

For Detailed Table of Content: Click Here

Dhirtek Business Research & Consulting Pvt Ltd is a global market research and consulting services provider headquartered in India. We offer our customers syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. Our objective is to enable our clientele to achieve transformational progress and help them to make better strategic business decisions and enhance their global presence.

We serve numerous companies worldwide, mobilizing our seasoned workforce to help companies shape their development through proper channeling and execution. We offer our services to large enterprises, start-ups, non-profit organizations, universities, and government agencies. The renowned institutions of various countries and Fortune 500 businesses use our market research services to understand the business environment at the global, regional, and country levels. Our market research reports offer thousands of statistical information and analysis of various industries at a granular level.

Mr. Singh

Dhirtek Business Research and Consulting Private Limited

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Stem Cells Market by Type (Umbilical Cord Blood Stem Cell, Embryonic Stem Cell, Adult Stem Cell, Other), Application (Diseases Therapy, Healthcare),...

Why haven’t we cloned a human yet? – Livescience.com

By Embryonic Stem Cells

In 1996, Dolly the sheep made headlines around the world after becoming the first mammal to be successfully cloned from an adult cell. Many commentators thought this would catalyze a golden age of cloning, with numerous voices speculating that the first human clone must surely be just a few years away.

Some people suggested that human clones could play a role in eradicating genetic diseases, while others considered that the cloning process could, eventually, eliminate birth defects (despite research by a group of French scientists in 1999 finding that cloning may actually increase the risk of birth defects).

There have been various claims all unfounded, it is important to add of successful human cloning progams since the success of Dolly. In 2002, Brigitte Boisselier, a French chemist and devout supporter of Ralism a UFO religion based on the idea that aliens created humanity claimed that she and a team of scientists had successfully delivered the first cloned human, whom she named Eve.

However, Boisselier was unwilling or indeed unable to provide any evidence, and so it is widely believed to be a hoax.

So why, almost 30 years on from Dolly, haven't humans been cloned yet? Is it primarily for ethical reasons, are there technological barriers, or is it simply not worth doing?

Related: What are the alternatives to animal testing?

"Cloning" is a broad term, given it can be used to describe a range of processes and approaches, but the aim is always to produce "genetically identical copies of a biological entity," according to the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI).

Any attempted human cloning would most likely utilize "reproductive cloning" techniques an approach in which a "mature somatic cell," most probably a skin cell, would be used, according to NHGRI. The DNA extracted from this cell would be placed into the egg cell of a donor that has "had its own DNA-containing nucleus removed."

The egg would then begin to develop in a test tube before being "implanted into the womb of an adult female," according to NHGRI.

However, while scientists have cloned many mammals, including cattle, goats, rabbits and cats, humans have not made the list.

"I think there is no good reason to make [human] clones," Hank Greely, a professor of law and genetics at Stanford University who specializes in ethical, legal and social issues arising from advances in the biosciences, told Live Science in an email.

"Human cloning is a particularly dramatic action, and was one of the topics that helped launch American bioethics," Greely added.

The ethical concerns around human cloning are many and varied. According to Britannica, the potential issues encompass "psychological, social and physiological risks." These include the idea that cloning could lead to a "very high likelihood" of loss of life, as well as concerns around cloning being used by supporters of eugenics. Furthermore, according to Britannica, cloning could be deemed to violate "principles of human dignity, freedom and equality."

In addition, the cloning of mammals has historically resulted in extremely high rates of death and developmental abnormalities in the clones, Live Science previously reported.

Another core issue with human cloning is that, rather than creating a carbon copy of the original person, it would produce an individual with their own thoughts and opinions.

"We've all known clones identical twins are clones of each other and thus we all know that clones aren't the same person," Greely explained.

A human clone, Greely continued, would only have the same genetic makeup as someone else they would not share other things such as personality, morals or sense of humor: these would be unique to both parties.

People are, as we well know, far more than simply a product of their DNA. While it is possible to reproduce genetic material, it is not possible to exactly replicate living environments, create an identical upbringing, or have two people encounter the same life experiences.

So, if scientists were to clone a human, would there be any benefits, scientific or otherwise?

"There are none that we should be willing to consider," Greely said, emphasizing that the ethical concerns would be impossible to overlook.

However, if moral considerations were removed entirely from the equation, then "one theoretical benefit would be to create genetically identical humans for research purposes," Greely said, though he was keen to reaffirm his view that this should be thought of as "an ethical non-starter."

Greely also stated that, regardless of his own personal opinion, some of the potential benefits associated with cloning humans have, to a certain degree, been made redundant by other scientific developments.

"The idea of using cloned embryos for purposes other than making babies, for example producing human embryonic stem cells identical to a donor's cells, was widely discussed in the early 2000s," he said, but this line of research became irrelevant and has subsequently not been expanded upon post-2006, the year so-called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were discovered. These are "adult" cells that have been reprogrammed to resemble cells in early development.

Shinya Yamanaka, a Japanese stem cell researcher and 2012 Nobel Prize winner, made the discovery when he "worked out how to return adult mouse cells to an embryonic-like state using just four genetic factors," according to an article in Nature. The following year, Yamanaka, alongside renowned American biologist James Thompson, managed to do the same with human cells.

When iPSCs are "reprogrammed back into an embryonic-like pluripotent state," they enable the "development of an unlimited source of any type of human cell needed for therapeutic purposes," according to the Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research at the University of California, Los Angeles.

Therefore, instead of using embryos, "we can effectively do the same thing with skin cells," Greely said.

This development in iPSC technology essentially rendered the concept of using cloned embryos both unnecessary and scientifically inferior.

Related: What is the most genetically diverse species?

Nowadays, iPSCs can be used for research in disease modeling, medicinal drug discovery and regenerative medicine, according to a 2015 paper published in the journal Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology.

Additionally, Greely also suggested that human cloning may simply no longer be a "sexy" area of scientific study, which could also explain why it has seen very little development in recent years.

He pointed out that human germline genome editing is now a more interesting topic in the public's mind, with many curious about the concept of creating "super babies," for example. Germline editing, or germline engineering, is a process, or series of processes, that create permanent changes to an individuals genome. These alterations, when introduced effectively, become heritable, meaning they will be handed down from parent to child.

Such editing is controversial and yet to be fully understood. In 2018, the Council of Europe Committee on Bioethics, which represents 47 European states, released a statement saying that "ethics and human rights must guide any use of genome editing technologies in human beings," adding that "the application of genome editing technologies to human embryos raises many ethical, social and safety issues, particularly from any modification of the human genome which could be passed on to future generations."

However, the council also noted that there is "strong support" for using such engineering and editing technologies to better understand "the causes of diseases and their future treatment," noting that they offer "considerable potential for research in this field and to improve human health."

George Church, a geneticist and molecular engineer at Harvard University, supports Greely's assertion that germline editing is likely to garner more scientific interest in the future, especially when compared with "conventional" cloning.

"Cloning-based germline editing is typically more precise, can involve more genes, and has more efficient delivery to all cells than somatic genome editing," he told Live Science.

However, Church was keen to urge caution, and admitted that such editing has not yet been mastered.

"Potential drawbacks to address include safety, efficacy and equitable access for all," he concluded.

Originally published on Live Science.

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Why haven't we cloned a human yet? - Livescience.com

Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Research Report by Product, Cell Type, Cell Source, Technique, Application, End User, Region – Global Forecast…

By Embryonic Stem Cells

New York, May 06, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Reportlinker.com announces the release of the report "Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Research Report by Product, Cell Type, Cell Source, Technique, Application, End User, Region - Global Forecast to 2027 - Cumulative Impact of COVID-19" - https://www.reportlinker.com/p06260219/?utm_source=GNW

The Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market size was estimated at USD 8,638.55 million in 2021 and expected to reach USD 9,976.06 million in 2022, and is projected to grow at a CAGR 15.66% to reach USD 20,679.59 million by 2027.

Market Statistics: The report provides market sizing and forecast across five major currencies - USD, EUR, JPY, GBP, AUD, CAD, and CHF. It helps organization leaders make better decisions when currency exchange data is readily available. In this report, the years 2019 and 2020 are considered historical years, 2021 as the base year, 2022 as the estimated year, and years from 2023 to 2027 are considered the forecast period.

Market Segmentation & Coverage: This research report categorizes the Cell Isolation/Cell Separation to forecast the revenues and analyze the trends in each of the following sub-markets:

Based on Product, the market was studied across Consumables and Instruments. The Consumables is further studied across Beads, Disposables, and Reagents, Kits, Media, and Sera. The Instruments is further studied across Centrifuges, Filtration Systems, Flow Cytometers, and Magnetic-Activated Cell Separator Systems.

Based on Cell Type, the market was studied across Animal Cells and Human Cells. The Human Cells is further studied across Differentiated Cells and Stem Cells.

Based on Cell Source, the market was studied across Adipose Tissue, Bone Marrow, and Cord Blood/Embryonic Stem Cells.

Based on Technique, the market was studied across Centrifugation-Based Cell Isolation, Filtration-Based Cell Isolation, and Surface Marker-Based Cell Isolation.

Based on Application, the market was studied across Biomolecule Isolation, Cancer Research, In Vitro Diagnostics, Stem Cell Research, and Tissue Regeneration & Regenerative Medicine.

Based on End User, the market was studied across Biotechnology & Biopharmaceutical Companies, Hospitals & Diagnostic Laboratories, and Research Laboratories & Institutes.

Based on Region, the market was studied across Americas, Asia-Pacific, and Europe, Middle East & Africa. The Americas is further studied across Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, and United States. The United States is further studied across California, Florida, Illinois, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Texas. The Asia-Pacific is further studied across Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. The Europe, Middle East & Africa is further studied across France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Qatar, Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Spain, United Arab Emirates, and United Kingdom.

Cumulative Impact of COVID-19: COVID-19 is an incomparable global public health emergency that has affected almost every industry, and the long-term effects are projected to impact the industry growth during the forecast period. Our ongoing research amplifies our research framework to ensure the inclusion of underlying COVID-19 issues and potential paths forward. The report delivers insights on COVID-19 considering the changes in consumer behavior and demand, purchasing patterns, re-routing of the supply chain, dynamics of current market forces, and the significant interventions of governments. The updated study provides insights, analysis, estimations, and forecasts, considering the COVID-19 impact on the market.

Cumulative Impact of 2022 Russia Ukraine Conflict: We continuously monitor and update reports on political and economic uncertainty due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Negative impacts are significantly foreseen globally, especially across Eastern Europe, European Union, Eastern & Central Asia, and the United States. This contention has severely affected lives and livelihoods and represents far-reaching disruptions in trade dynamics. The potential effects of ongoing war and uncertainty in Eastern Europe are expected to have an adverse impact on the world economy, with especially long-term harsh effects on Russia.

This report uncovers the impact of demand & supply, pricing variants, strategic uptake of vendors, and recommendations for Cell Isolation/Cell Separation market considering the current update on the conflict and its global response.

Competitive Strategic Window: The Competitive Strategic Window analyses the competitive landscape in terms of markets, applications, and geographies to help the vendor define an alignment or fit between their capabilities and opportunities for future growth prospects. It describes the optimal or favorable fit for the vendors to adopt successive merger and acquisition strategies, geography expansion, research & development, and new product introduction strategies to execute further business expansion and growth during a forecast period.

FPNV Positioning Matrix: The FPNV Positioning Matrix evaluates and categorizes the vendors in the Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market based on Business Strategy (Business Growth, Industry Coverage, Financial Viability, and Channel Support) and Product Satisfaction (Value for Money, Ease of Use, Product Features, and Customer Support) that aids businesses in better decision making and understanding the competitive landscape.

Market Share Analysis: The Market Share Analysis offers the analysis of vendors considering their contribution to the overall market. It provides the idea of its revenue generation into the overall market compared to other vendors in the space. It provides insights into how vendors are performing in terms of revenue generation and customer base compared to others. Knowing market share offers an idea of the size and competitiveness of the vendors for the base year. It reveals the market characteristics in terms of accumulation, fragmentation, dominance, and amalgamation traits.

Competitive Scenario: The Competitive Scenario provides an outlook analysis of the various business growth strategies adopted by the vendors. The news covered in this section deliver valuable thoughts at the different stage while keeping up-to-date with the business and engage stakeholders in the economic debate. The competitive scenario represents press releases or news of the companies categorized into Merger & Acquisition, Agreement, Collaboration, & Partnership, New Product Launch & Enhancement, Investment & Funding, and Award, Recognition, & Expansion. All the news collected help vendor to understand the gaps in the marketplace and competitors strength and weakness thereby, providing insights to enhance product and service.

Company Usability Profiles: The report profoundly explores the recent significant developments by the leading vendors and innovation profiles in the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market, including Akadeum Life Sciences, Inc., Alfa Laval, Beckman Coulter Inc., Becton, Dickinson and Company, Bio Legend, Bio- Techne, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Cell Biologics, Inc. A, Cell Microsystems, cellenion SASU, Corning Inc., GE Healthcare, Invent Biotechnologies, Lonza, Merck KGaA, Miltenyl Biotech, Omega Bio-tek, Inc., pluriSelect Life Science, Pluriselect Life Science Ug (Haftungsbeschrnkt) & Co. Kg, REPROCELL Inc., Roche Diagnostics, Stemcell Technologies, Inc., Terumo Bct, and Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc..

The report provides insights on the following pointers: 1. Market Penetration: Provides comprehensive information on the market offered by the key players 2. Market Development: Provides in-depth information about lucrative emerging markets and analyze penetration across mature segments of the markets 3. Market Diversification: Provides detailed information about new product launches, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments 4. Competitive Assessment & Intelligence: Provides an exhaustive assessment of market shares, strategies, products, certification, regulatory approvals, patent landscape, and manufacturing capabilities of the leading players 5. Product Development & Innovation: Provides intelligent insights on future technologies, R&D activities, and breakthrough product developments

The report answers questions such as: 1. What is the market size and forecast of the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market? 2. What are the inhibiting factors and impact of COVID-19 shaping the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market during the forecast period? 3. Which are the products/segments/applications/areas to invest in over the forecast period in the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market? 4. What is the competitive strategic window for opportunities in the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market? 5. What are the technology trends and regulatory frameworks in the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market? 6. What is the market share of the leading vendors in the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market? 7. What modes and strategic moves are considered suitable for entering the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market? Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p06260219/?utm_source=GNW

About Reportlinker ReportLinker is an award-winning market research solution. Reportlinker finds and organizes the latest industry data so you get all the market research you need - instantly, in one place.

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Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Research Report by Product, Cell Type, Cell Source, Technique, Application, End User, Region - Global Forecast...

Scientists Reverse Signs of Aging By 30 Years | What Are Yamanaka Factors? – Popular Mechanics

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Stefania Pelfini, La Waziya PhotographyGetty Images

Fifteen years ago, scientists made a stirring discovery when they demonstrated that they could reverse the process of aging in cells. By activating a set of four factors in the DNA, they reset the cells clock to zero, reverting adult cells to their embryonic state. The factors were named Yamanaka factors after their discoverer, Shinya Yamanaka, and a few years later, they earned him a Nobel Prize. For the first time, scientists saw a glimmer of hope that aging could be reversed.

Its quite amazing if you think about it, Wolf Reik, a molecular biologist at the Babraham Institute in the United Kingdom, tells Popular Mechanics. You can potentially reset the age of human cells back to zero.

Scientists hoped that these cells, stripped of the tell-tale signs of aging, could be used to repair and rejuvenate damaged organs. Younger, healthier nerve cells, for example, could take over for brain cells killed by a stroke, or collagen-boosting skin cells could be injected directly into stubborn wounds. The only problem is that the Yamanaka factors reset the cells too far. A cell that is zero days old cant send an electrical nervous signal or produce collagen, nor carry on any other function. Like a stem cell, it is nothing more than a blob of potential.

To overcome this, scientists have been tinkering with the timing and looking for ways to halt the reverse-aging process at the precise moment before the cell reverts to its embryonic form. Previous efforts in mice have shown some promise, but the gains have been modest, reversing the clock only three years or so.

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But now, a group of scientists led by Reik showed that they could turn back the clock by up to 30 years. It is the farthest back anyone has gone without going too far. In April, they published the results in eLife.

Whats new and interesting in this study is that they push the cells into reprogramming in a time-controlled way, Manuel Serranoa molecular biologist at Barcelona, Italys Institute for Research in Biomedicine, who was not involved in the studytells Popular Mechanics. Serrano says that up until now, scientists were not really able to control the Yamanaka factors with much certainty.

To start, researchers collected skin cells from middle-aged adults between 38 and 53 years old. They specifically collected skin fibroblast cells, which are essential for wound healing and whose effectiveness declines with age. Using viral vectors, they injected the Yamanaka factors (a set of four genes) into the cells and turned them on. Previous research showed that it takes a total of 50 days for the Yamanaka factors to reset the clock to zero, and that between Day 10 and Day 17, the cells were roughly 20 to 40 years old, respectively. The researchers decided to halt the action of the Yamanaka factors during this period, looking at the effects on the cells between Day 10 and Day 17.

Ed ReschkeGetty Images

At each pause, researchers evaluated the biological age of the cells using molecular aging clocks. Changes to the DNA that cause cancer, called epigenetic changes, were measured. They also measured collagen production because this protein imbues young skin with its characteristic firm and plump texture, but it declines with age. They even measured the cells mobility. When the skin is damaged, fibroblasts physically migrate into the wound to kick-start collagen production and initiate the repair process. As they age, fibroblasts become noticeably slower, which explains why older skin takes longer to heal.

The scientists found the sweet spot after just 13 days. The cells were youthful, but still retained their ability to produce collagen and move quickly into damaged areas. Understanding that we could rejuvenate cells was amazing, Ins Milagrea researcher at the Gulbenkian Institute of Science in Portugal, and an author on the new studytells Popular Mechanics. But the most exciting thing was to see that the cells were functionally younger, she says.

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According to Milagre, the work is an important milestone and proof that the Yamanaka factors can be fine-tuned. However, she says that we should not expect the technique to be available in the clinic anytime soon. The activation of the Yamanaka factors can cause cancer, and it is still unclear whether this process will work in other cell types. There are still so many unknowns, she says.

Reik echoes these concerns and has plans to develop safer strategies. He thinks by better pinpointing how Yamanaka factors work, he will be able to find downstream molecules that are turned on by the genetic factors. By identifying those factors, which may be RNA or protein, he could develop therapeutics that dont require messing with the genes in the cell, therefore lowering the risk of cancer and other side effects.

We could call them rejuvenation factors, and they would provide a safer way of rejuvenating cells, Reik says.

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Scientists Reverse Signs of Aging By 30 Years | What Are Yamanaka Factors? - Popular Mechanics

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