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Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Market Report 2021-2028 – Increasing Demand for Body Reconstruction Procedures and Tissue Engineering -…

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Market Share, Size, Trends, Industry Analysis Report By Application (Manufacturing, Academic Research, Drug Development & Discovery, Toxicity Screening, Regenerative Medicine); By Derived Cell; By Region, Segment & Forecast, 2021 - 2028" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) market size is expected to reach $2,893.3 million by 2028

The ability to model human diseases in vitro as well as high-throughput screening has greatly propelled market growth. Companies have effectively overcome market hurdles faced in the recent past such as proper culturing and differentiation of derived cells at a commercial scale and have developed state-of-the-art manufacturing processes that can achieve scalability and can achieve stringent quality parameters. Such trends are propelling the overall industry growth.

Companies have also developed advanced platforms for Induced pluripotent stem cells that guarantee close connection with a host of in-house technologies that are useful in the proper definition of disease signatures as well as relationships between genetic mutations as well as that properly describe perturbation of specific molecular pathways. This has resulted in the creation of human translational models that are aiding better target identification of diseases that have high unmet medical needs.

Many companies have developed transfection kits, reprogramming vectors, differentiation media, live staining kits, immunocytochemistry, among others to aid the smooth workflow of iPSC production.

However, it has been observed in the recent past that the demand for cells for screening and other purposes is significant and that there are significant challenges that pose a significant hurdle in large-scale iPSC production and differentiation.

Heavy investment in R&D activities pertaining to the development and optimization of iPSC reprogramming process in order to achieve sufficient production is a key industry trend. In the recent past, companies focused more on hepatic, cardiac, pancreatic cells, among others.

However, with the advent of a number of new participants as well as advancements and breakthroughs achieved, it is anticipated that the application portfolio will further increase in the near future.

Industry participants operating in the industry are:

Key Topics Covered:

1. Introduction

2. Executive Summary

3. Research Methodology

4. iPSC Market Insights

4.1. iPSC - Industry Snapshot

4.2. iPSC Market Dynamics

4.2.1. Drivers and Opportunities

4.2.1.1. Increasing demand for body reconstruction procedures and tissue engineering

4.2.1.2. Rising Investments across the globe

4.2.2. Restraints and Challenges

4.2.2.1. Scalability Issues

4.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis

4.4. PESTLE Analysis

4.5. iPSC Market Industry trends

4.6. COVID-19 Impact Analysis

5. Global iPSC Market, by Derived Cell

5.1. Key Findings

5.2. Introduction

5.3. Hepatocytes

5.4. Fibroblasts

5.5. Amniotic Cells

5.6. Cardiomyocytes

6. Global iPSC Market, by Application

6.1. Key Findings

6.2. Introduction

6.2.1. Global iPSC Market, by Application, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million)

6.3. Manufacturing

6.4. Academic Research

6.5. Drug Development & Discovery

6.6. Toxicity Screening

6.7. Regenerative Medicine

7. Global iPSC Market, by Geography

7.1. Key findings

7.2. Introduction

7.2.1. iPSC Market Assessment, By Geography, 2017 - 2028 (USD Million)

8. Competitive Landscape

8.1. Expansion and Acquisition Analysis

8.1.1. Expansion

8.1.2. Acquisitions

8.2. Partnerships/Collaborations/Agreements/Exhibitions

9. Company Profiles

9.1. Company Overview

9.2. Financial Performance

9.3. Product Benchmarking

9.4. Recent Development

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/ykewbe

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Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC) Market Report 2021-2028 - Increasing Demand for Body Reconstruction Procedures and Tissue Engineering -...

Researchers use model of hypothalamus to implicate genes associated with sleep, BMI, puberty, and more – EurekAlert

Stem cells help researchers create more complete genomic picture of difficult-to-study part of the brain involved in many key functions

Philadelphia, November 19, 2021 A study led by researchers at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) has implicated several genes involved in a variety of bodily functions associated with the hypothalamus, a notoriously difficult-to-study region of the brain. The findings could help clinicians identify potential causes of dysfunction for many important traits regulated by the hypothalamus, such as sleep, stress, and reproduction.

The findings were published today in the journal Nature Communications.

The hypothalamus helps maintain health and stable metabolism by influencing a variety of vital functions, including appetite and thirst, puberty and reproductive timing, sleep cycles, and body temperature. However, the hypothalamus is located in the center of the brain, making it extremely difficult to study the gene regulation associated with these traits.

To overcome that hurdle, the researchers used an embryonic stem cell (ESC) model to study gene expression during development of the hypothalamus. This model allowed them to study the genetic architecture first in hypothalamic progenitor cells cells prior to their full development into a hypothalamus and then in arcuate nucleus-like hypothalamic neurons. The hypothalamus contains several different subtypes of neurons, and the researchers integrated results from various genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to implicate genes driving particular traits regulated by the hypothalamus.

By studying the three-dimensional genomic architecture of these cell models, we can see the dynamic process of how the hypothalamus is formed over different stages of development, said senior study author Struan F.A. Grant, PhD, Director of the Center for Spatial and Functional Genomics and the Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research at CHOP. The information we yielded in this study provides us with more concrete information about diseases that are relevant to hypothalamic function.

Grant and his collaborators assessed variants associated with puberty, body mass index, height, bipolar disorder, sleep, and major depressive disorder, among others. They identified both known and novel genes associated with these traits. For example, their data confirmed the role of the BDNF of gene in influencing body mass index and obesity risk. Another gene of interest identified in the study was PER2, which was implicated in sleep regulation.

All the data ascertained from this study will be made publicly available. Many of the disorders studied can be caused by other factors, so the findings will help researchers distinguish which genes play a more central role in this tissue and in turn inform clinical practice. For example, body mass index can be affected by variants in genes conferring their effects in hypothalamus or fat tissue cells, so being able to distinguish the context in which genes and subsequent tissues or hormones operate can lead to more personalized treatment options.

The data set we derived from this study allows other researchers to determine which diseases or conditions are relevant when doing a genetic workup of the patient, Grant said. As more information about the hypothalamus is known, that information can be queried against this data set and potentially identify therapeutic targets for multiple disorders.

This research was supported by the National Center for Research Resources (UL1RR024134) and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1TR000003). This research was also supported in part by the Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT) Transdisciplinary Program in Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health (NIH1K99HD099330-01), and National Institutes of Health grants DK52431-23, P30DK026687-41, R01 HD056465, R01 HG010067, R01 HL143790, and the Daniel B. Burke Endowed Chair for Diabetes Research.

Pahl et al, Cis-regulatory architecture of human ESC-derived hypothalamic neuron differentiation aids in variant-to-gene mapping of relevant complex traits. Nat Comm. Online November 19, 2021. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27001-4.

About Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia: Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia was founded in 1855 as the nations first pediatric hospital. Through its long-standing commitment to providing exceptional patient care, training new generations of pediatric healthcare professionals, and pioneering major research initiatives, Childrens Hospital has fostered many discoveries that have benefited children worldwide. Its pediatric research program is among the largest in the country. In addition, its unique family-centered care and public service programs have brought the 564-bed hospital recognition as a leading advocate for children and adolescents. For more information, visit http://www.chop.edu

Nature Communications

Experimental study

Lab-produced tissue samples

Cis-regulatory architecture of human ESC-derived hypothalamic neuron differentiation aids in variant-to-gene mapping of relevant complex traits

19-Nov-2021

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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Researchers use model of hypothalamus to implicate genes associated with sleep, BMI, puberty, and more - EurekAlert

Diabetes breakthrough: Revolutionary stem cell technique treated ‘severe’ disease in study – Daily Express

The new technique, which was developed at the Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, was shown to convert human stem cells into cells producing insulin. The natural hormone is produced in the pancreas and allows the body to use glucose (sugar) from food for energy. People who suffer from diabetes struggle to produce enough insulin, which leads to a build-up of sugar in the bloodstream.

The St Louis researchers, however, believe their new technique can be used to effectively control blood sugar levels using converted stem cells.

The technique has so far been successfully tested on mice injected with the converted cells.

According to a report that is due to be published on February 24 in the online edition of the journal Nature Biotechnology, the mice were "functionally cured" for nine months.

Dr Jeffrey R. Millman, the principal investigator and assistant professor of medicine and of biomedical engineering, said: "These mice had very severe diabetes with blood sugar readings of more than 500 milligrams per deciliter of blood levels that could be fatal for a person and when we gave the mice the insulin-secreting cells, within two weeks their blood glucose levels had returned to normal and stayed that way for many months."

The same team of researchers has previously discovered how to convert human stem cells into so-called pancreatic beta cells to make insulin.

READ MORE:Maya breakthrough as scan of ancient settlement re-writes history

When these cells are injected into the bloodstream, they secret the much-needed hormone.

However, the technique was found to have its limitations and was not proven to effectively control the disease in mice.

Their new research has now proven to be much more efficient and effective.

Embryonic stem cells are a type of cell that can be instructed to develop into all sorts of specialised cells.

These can range from simple tissue and muscle cells, to even brain cells.

Scientists worldwide believe stem cell research could unlock many new therapies for ailments such as Alzheimer's disease and HIV.

Dr Millman said: "A common problem when youre trying to transform a human stem cell into an insulin-producing beta cell or a neuron or a heart cell is that you also produce other cells that you dont want."

"In the case of beta cells, we might get other types of pancreas cells or liver cells."

Pancreas and liver cells do not cause any harm when injected into mice but they do not fight the disease either.

Dr Millman added: "The more off-target cells you get, the less therapeutically relevant cells you have.

"You need about a billion beta cells to cure a person of diabetes.

"But if a quarter of the cells you make are actually liver cells or other pancreas cells, instead of needing a billion cells, youll need 1.25 billion cells.

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"It makes curing the disease 25 percent more difficult."

With their new technique, the researchers found fewer off-target cells were produced and the beta cells that were created had improved.

The technique specifically targets the cell's so-called internal scaffolding or cytoskeleton.

The cytoskeleton is what gives cells their shape and allows them to interact with their environment.

Dr Millman said: "Its a completely different approach, fundamentally different in the way we go about it.

"Previously, we would identify various proteins and factors and sprinkle them on the cells to see what would happen.

"As we have better understood the signals, weve been able to make that process less random."

Although the study's results are promising, the expert added there is a long way to go before the technique can be developed into a treatment for humans.

The converted cells will need to be tested over longer periods of time and in bigger animals.

According to Diabetes UK, some 5.5 million people are estimated to have diabetes in the UK by 2030.

Right now, more than 4.9 million people are affected by the disease and 13.6 million people are at increased risk of type 2 diabetes.

About 90 percent of people with the disease have type 2 diabetes, and only about eight percent have type 1 diabetes.

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Diabetes breakthrough: Revolutionary stem cell technique treated 'severe' disease in study - Daily Express

Stem Cell Therapy: Alternative Treatment to Hip & Knee …

The Regenerative therapy procedure is performed in an outpatient setting and only takes up to two hours. No general anaesthesia is required, and most patients dont need post-operative pain medication. After the procedure, patients typically return to work within a week or two and may resume physical activity much faster than after invasive surgery. Many patients report feeling marked improvement in their joint within one to three months.

For the procedure, PRP and cell concentrates are obtained from your body and prepared for injection. Once injected, cells follow inflammatory signals from damaged tissues and travel to the injured areas. These cells have multiple ways of repairing these damaged areas from inducing the production of natural anti-inflammatories which can assist with Osteoarthritis pain and swelling in the joint area to kick-starting the healing in injuries and stimulating regeneration. The anti-inflammatory effect lasts from 2-3 months. From there, you can see continued gradual improvement as the cells help provide healing to the affected area. However, you should not expect to see the full effect of the treatment earlier than six months, especially in the case of joint interventions. Variables like the type of disease or condition, age, lifestyle, comorbidities, general health and other factors also affect the outcome and length of recovery.

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Stem Cell Therapy: Alternative Treatment to Hip & Knee ...

Selma Blair Posts Nude Diving Photo After MS Stem Cell …

Kids do the darndest things to their parents, and thats apparently true whether you have a chronic illness or not.

Selma Blair just shared a photo on Instagram of herself executing a perfect dive. At first, its like whoa, Selma has amazing form! but then you realize you can totally see her bare butt. Sotheres a backstory to this.

On Wednesday, Selma (who has multiple sclerosis) shared a photo of herself on Instagram preparing to dive into a pool. Given that Selma uses a cane to walk and has mobility issues, this was kind of a BFD. Well, just as Selma prepared to take the plunge, her 8-year-old son Arthur came out of nowhere and pushed her in, leaving Selma flailing as she fell.

Preparing to dive. A very big deal for me, she wrote in the caption. "Instead, I felt a tiny hand on swimsuit and lost any coordination. Her hashtags were hilarious: #terror #punkkid #payback is coming.

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Fast-forward to that gorgeous dive pic Victory. I dont give up. #bottomsup my boy is a #crackup@kidarthursaint, Selma wrote in the caption.

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Selma, who was diagnosed with MS more than a year ago, has been very candid with fans about her mobility issues. She often uses a cane for balance and occasionally uses an Alinker walking bike to help her get around.

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Selma recently revealed that she had been away from home for months to undergo treatment for her MS. One fan asked in the comments what differences she's noticed after having stem cell treatment, and she responded with this: "I can dive!"

Selma, FTW!

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Selma Blair Posts Nude Diving Photo After MS Stem Cell ...

How The Overlap Between Artificial Intelligence And Stem Cell Research Is Producing Exciting Results – Forbes

Passage Of California Stem Cell Proposition Boosts Research

For the last decade and more, Stem Cell research and regenerative medicine have been the rave of the healthcare industry, a delicate area that has seen steady advancements over the last few years.

The promise of regenerative medicine is simple but profound that one day medical experts will be able to diagnose a problem, remove some of our body cells called stem cells and use them to grow a cure for our ailment. Using our body cells will create a highly personalized therapy attuned to our genes and systems.

The terminologies often used in this field of medicine can get a bit fuzzy for the uninitiated, so in this article, I have relied heavily on the insights of Christian Drapeau, a neurophysiologist and stem cell expert.

Drapeau was one of the first voices who discovered and began to speak about stem cells being the bodys repair system in the early 2000s. Since then, he has gone on to discover the first stem cell mobilizer, and his studies and research delivered the proof of concept that the AFA (Aphanizomenon flos-aquae) extract was capable of enhancing repair from muscle injury.

Christian Drapeau is also the founder of Kalyagen, astem cell research-based company, and the manufacturers of Stemregen. This stem cell mobilizer combines some of the most effective stem cell mobilizers Drapeau has discovered to create an effective treatment for varying diseases.

How exactly do stem cell-based treatments work? And how is it delivering on its promise of boosting our abilities to regenerate or self-heal?

Drapeau explains the concept for us;

Stem cells are mother cells or blank cells produced by the bone marrow. As they are released from the bone marrow stem cells can travel to any organ and tissue of the body, where they can transform into cells of that tissue.Stem cells constitute the repair system of the body.

The discovery of this function has led scientists on a long journey to discover how to use stem cells to cure diseases, which are essentially caused by cellular loss. Diseases like Diabetes and age-related degenerative diseases are all associated with the loss of a type of cell or cellular function.

However, what Drapeaus research has unearthed over the last few decades is that there are naturally occurring substances that show a demonstrated ability to induce the release of stem cells from the bone marrow. These stem cells then enter the bloodstream, from where they can travel to sites of cell deficiency or injury in the body to aid healing and regeneration. This process is referred to as Endogenous Stem Cell Mobilization (ESCM).

Stemregen is our most potent creation so far, explains Drapeau, and it has shown excellent results with the treatment of problems in the endocrine system, muscles, kidneys, respiratory systems, and even with issues of erectile dysfunction.

Despite the stunning advancements that have been made so far, a concern that both Drapeau and I share is how this innovation can be merged with another exciting innovation; AI.

Is it even a possibility? Drapeau, an AI enthusiast, explains that AI has already been a life-saver in stem cell research and has even more potential.

On closer observation, there are a few areas in which AI has greatly benefited stem cell research and regenerative medicine.

One obstacle that scientists have consistently faced with delivering the full promise of regenerative medicine is the complexity of the available data.Cells are so different from each other that scientists can struggle with predicting what the cells will do in any given therapeutic scenario. Scientists are faced with millions of ways that medical therapy could go wrong.

Most AI experts believe that in almost any field, AI can provide a solution whenever there is a problem with data analysis and predictive analysis.

Carl Simon, a biologist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Nicholas Schaub recentlytested this hypothesiswhen they applied Deep Neural Networks (DNN), an AI program to the data they had collected in their experiments on eye cells. Their research revolved around causes and solutions for age-related eye degeneration. The results were stunning; the AI made only one incorrect prediction about cell changes out of 36 predictions it was asked to make.

Their program learned how to predict cell function in different scenarios and settings from annotated images of cells. It soon could rapidly analyze images of the lab-grown eye tissues to classify the tissues as good or bad. This discovery has raised optimism in the stem cell research space.

Drapeau explains why this is so exciting;

When we talk about stem cells in general, we say stem cells as if they were all one thing, but there are many different types of stem cells.For example, hair follicle and dental pulp stem cells contain neuronal markers and can easily transform into neurons to repair the brain. Furthermore, the tissue undergoing repair must signal to attract stem cells and must secrete compounds to stimulate stem cell function. A complex analysis of the tissue that needs repair and the conditions of that tissue using AI, in any specific individual, will help select the right type of stem cells and the best cells in that stem cell population, along with the accompanying treatment to optimize stem cell-based tissue repair.

Christian Drapeau

Ina study published in Februaryof this year inStem Cells, researchers from Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) reported that their AI system, called DeepACT, had successfully identified healthy, productive skin stem cells with the same accuracy that a human could. This discovery further strengthens Drapeaus argument on the potentials of AI in this field.

This experiment owes its success to AIs machine learning capabilities, but it is expected that Deep Learning can be beneficially introduced into regenerative medicine.There are many futuristic projections for these possibilities, but many of them are not as far-fetched as they may first seem.

Researchers believe that AI can help fast-track the translation of regenerative medicine into clinical practice; the technology can be used to predict cell behavior in different environments. Therefore, hypothetically, it can be used to simulate the human environment. This means that researchers can gain in-depth information more rapidly.

Perhaps the most daring expectation is the possibility of using AI to pioneer the 3D printing of organs. In a world where organ shortage is a harsh reality, this would certainly come in handy. AI algorithms can be utilized to identify the best materials for artificial organs, understand the anatomic challenges during treatment, and design the organ.

Can stem cells actually be used along with other biological materials to grow functional 3D-printed organs? If this is possible, then pacemakers will soon give way to 3D-printed hearts. A 3D-printedheart valvehas already become a reality in India, making this even more of an imminent possibility.

While all of these possibilities excite Drapeau, he is confident that AIs capabilities with data analysis and prediction, which is already largely in use, would go down as its most beneficial contribution to stem cell research;

It was already shown that stem cells laid on the connective tissue of the heart, the soft skeleton of the heart, can lead the entire formation of a new heart. Stem cells have this enormous regenerative potential. AI can take this to another level by helping establish the conditions in which this type of regeneration can be orchestrated inside the body.But we have to be grateful for what we already have, over the last 20 years, I have studied endogenous stem cell mobilization and today the fact that we have such amazing results with Stemregen is testament that regenerative medicine is already a success.

As AI continues to scale over industry boundaries, we can only sit back and hope it delivers on its full potential promise. Who knows? Perhaps AI really can change the world.

Excerpt from:
How The Overlap Between Artificial Intelligence And Stem Cell Research Is Producing Exciting Results - Forbes

Stem cell therapy for heart failure lowers risk of adverse outcomes – Cardiovascular Business

Stem cell therapy can help heart failure (HF) patients decrease their risk of a non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI) or stroke, according to new research presented at the American Heart Associations Scientific Sessions 2021.

Researchers tracked data from 537 patients with heart failure withreduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).Eighty percent of the patients were men, and the median age was 63 years old.

Patients were split into two groups: 261 patients were injected with 150 million mesenchymal precursor cells [stem cells] provided by healthy donors directly into the heart using a catheter, and 276 patients underwent a fake procedure.

According to the authors, patients were discharged from the hospital the day after the procedure and were followed for an average of 30 months.

Overall, the team associated stem cell use with a 65% decrease in non-fatal MIs and stroke events. Also,patients with high levels of inflammation (CRP levels of at least 2 mg/L) were 79% less likely to have non-fatal MI or stroke after being given stem cells.

Moreover, stem cell treatment lowered cardiac death by 80% in patients with high levels of inflammation and less severe HF.

However, the team added, there was no reduction in hospitalizations for HF among patients who received stem cells.

Cell therapy has the potential to change how we treat HF, lead author Emerson C. Perin, MD, PhD, director of the Center for Clinical Research and medical director of the Texas Heart Institute in Houston, said in a prepared statement. This study addresses the inflammatory aspects of HF, which go mostly untreated, despite significant pharmaceutical and device therapy development. Our findings indicate stem cell therapy may be considered for use in addition to standard guideline therapies.

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Stem cell therapy for heart failure lowers risk of adverse outcomes - Cardiovascular Business

A second HIV patient may have been ‘cured’ of infection without stem cell treatment, in extremely rare case – CNN

The patient has received no regular treatment for her infection but is a rare "elite controller" of the virus who, eight years after she was first diagnosed, shows no signs of active infection and shows no signs of intact virus in her body, researchers reported Monday. This has only been reported once before.

The 30-year-old woman in the new study is only the second patient who has been described as achieving this sterilizing cure without help from stem cell transplantation or other treatment. The other patient who has been described as achieving this was a 67-year-old woman named Loreen Willenberg.

"A sterilizing cure for HIV has previously only been observed in two patients who received a highly toxic bone marrow transplant. Our study shows that such a cure can also be reached during natural infection -- in the absence of bone marrow transplants (or any type of treatment at all)," Dr. Xu Yu, of the Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT and Harvard, who was an author of the study, wrote in an email to CNN on Monday.

"Examples of such a cure that develops naturally suggest that current efforts to find a cure for HIV infection are not elusive, and that the prospects of getting to an 'AIDS-free generation' may ultimately be successful," Yu wrote.

Yu, Dr. Natalia Laufer in Argentina, and their colleagues analyzed blood samples collected from the 30-year-old HIV patient between 2017 and 2020. She had a baby in March 2020, allowing scientists to collect placental tissue, as well.

The patient was first diagnosed with HIV in March 2013. She started no antiretroviral treatment until 2019, when she became pregnant and began treatment with the drugs tenofovir, emtricitabine, and raltegravir for six months during her second and third trimesters, the researchers noted. After delivering a healthy HIV-negative baby, she stopped the therapy.

An analysis of billions of cells in her blood and tissue samples showed that she had been infected with HIV before but, during the analysis, the researchers found no intact virus that was capable of replicating. All they could find were seven defective proviruses -- a form of a virus that is integrated into the genetic material of a host cell as part of the replication cycle.

The researchers are not sure how the patient's body was able to apparently rid itself of intact, replication-competent virus but, "we think it's a combination of different immune mechanisms -- cytotoxic T cells are likely involved, innate immune mechanism may also have contributed," Yu wrote in her email.

"Expanding the numbers of individuals with possible sterilizing cure status would facilitate our discovery of the immune factors that lead to this sterilizing cure in broader population of HIV infected individuals."

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A second HIV patient may have been 'cured' of infection without stem cell treatment, in extremely rare case - CNN

Stem Cell Therapy Reduces Need for Nearly 10% of Hip Replacements – Yale School of Medicine

Daniel Wiznia, MD, an orthopaedic surgeon with Yale School of Medicine, is practicing a surgical technique designed to render 10% of hip replacements unnecessary. Regenerative properties from a patients own stem cells are responsible for regrowing bone, restoring blood flow, and being able to avoid further interventional surgery.

Osteonecrosis, also known as avascular necrosis, occurs in more than 20,000 Americans each year. As the condition progresses, bone cells known as osteoblasts become unable to repair themselves and sustain the integrity of the bone, and ultimately die. The bone deterioration leads to a decrease in blood flow to the area, further weakening the entire skeletal structure of the upper leg. If unaddressed, the ball portion of the hips ball and socket joint will cave in on itself and collapse, requiring a total hip replacement.

The fact that patients often receive this diagnosis during their 30s and 40s presents a particular challenge. While the lifespan of hip prosthetics has dramatically increased in recent years, a patient who undergoes a total hip arthroplasty, or total hip replacement, at that age will almost certainly require a revision later in life. This redo of the same surgery at an older age comes with an entirely new set of risks and potential complications, making it that much harder to manage down the road.

The goal in patients with this condition then becomes very clear: prevent the head of the femur (thighbone) from collapsing.

Wiznia, assistant professor of orthopaedics and rehabilitation, and of mechanical engineering and materials science, draws from both of those areas of expertise to use 3D imaging technology as part of an innovative joint-preservation procedure. In recent years, he has worked closely with the Yale School of Engineering & Applied Sciences and the Integrated 3D Surgical Team at the Yale School of Medicine to tailor this treatment to each patient. Imaging has proven to be critical to the successful outcome of this surgical technique.

One of the challenges of orthopaedic surgery in the human body is that surgeons are operating in a three-dimensional space and are often reliant on two-dimensional imagery such as X-rays, Wiznia says. Through computer modeling, we are able to customize those images and create models that are specific to each patient, which, in turn, enhances outcomes and overall post-operative success rates.

Wiznia surgically harvests bone marrow from the patients pelvis. By using a centrifuge inside the operating room, he is able to isolate and concentrate the individuals own stem cells. Material containing the stem cells is then injected into the area of bone that has died.

Research has shown that stem cells possess the characteristics and qualities needed for the body to regrow, repair, and regenerate damaged tissue and bone, and according to Wiznia, this treatment dramatically reduces the risk of the head of the femur from collapsing. Soon after the procedure, many patients with avascular necrosis experience rejuvenated blood supply to the area and the bone is repopulated with new cells. This can additionally alleviate the short-term need for a hip replacement.

The major challenge in this patient population is identifying, diagnosing, and performing surgical intervention in time before the collapse. Because the vascular injury is usually a painless event, says Wiznia, patients are generally unaware of the specific point in time when the injury occurred, which is why cases are rarely discovered in time.

Patients may be encouraged to know that those who have avascular necrosis of the hip generally have it present on both sides, and it can develop on the two sides at different rates. So, even if it is detected too late on one side, there is still a chance to preserve the other.

We usually are able to catch that second asymptomatic side in those situations and conduct the core decompression with stem cell treatment before it collapses, Wiznia says. This novel stem cell therapy has demonstrated improved pain and function, and the stem cells decrease the risk of the femoral head from collapsing. That ultimately translates into fewer young patients requiring hip replacements along with subsequent surgeries in their later years.

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Stem Cell Therapy Reduces Need for Nearly 10% of Hip Replacements - Yale School of Medicine

The Promise of Stem Cells to Help Children with Autism – Entrepreneur

Opinions expressed by Entrepreneur contributors are their own.

I take great pleasure meeting many patients we help recover from serious injuries and ease symptoms of debilitating diseases so they can improve their lives through advanced stem cell therapy. In some cases, these patients report that after treatment they feel more energy a sense of vitality they enjoyed in their youth.

But what about patients who are young children some facing a future so uncertain that they may never even learn to talk, let alone enjoy a long rewarding life.

Thats the pain all too many parents cope with when their children are diagnosed with autism, or more specifically, autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). This spectrum of neurological conditions is seen in young children who dont seem to develop normalsocial, communication and behavioral skills.

Thats a vague description, I know, but that makes a diagnosis of ASD even more frustrating. Some children may function relatively well, but not make friends easily or demonstrate odd speech patterns. Others may not even be able to make eye contact or communicate at all, making the idea of going to school, let alone graduate and lead an independent life, seem impossible. Its not a rare condition, either. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control, ASD now affects about 1 out of 54 children in the United States.

Research shows that the earliertreatment can begin, the better. And the evidence is growing that stem cell therapy can help alleviate the symptoms for many children who suffer from ASD. Thats why Im so pleased that our advanced stem cell therapies can help more children who suffer from ASD enjoy a much brighter future.

Related:This 37-Year-Old Entrepreneur Is UntanglingAutisticMinds With ...

Current therapies for autism mostly include medications such as SSRIs, anxiolyticsand mood stabilizers. Although medications may decrease intensity and frequency of symptoms, they do not address the root causes of autistic disorders, which research shows can result from oxygen deprivation and intestinal inflammation.

The rationale behind treating autism with stem cells is that autism, and its degree of severity, has been significantly correlated to inflammatory and neuro-inflammatory cytokines. Intravenous administration of umbilical cord-derived stem cells has been shown in multiple clinical trials to reduce inflammation. Reducing inflammation in the autistic patient may alleviate symptoms of autism.

Heres one heartwarming story that reveals how stem cells offer new hope to parents of children with ASD. Back in June at age 19, Kenneth graduated from high school.

That may not seem like much of an accomplishment, but Kenneth was diagnosed with ASD at age two. When he was eightyears old, his parents say he was still in diapers and struggled to even communicate, but thats when he started receiving stem cell treatments.

His parents report that stem cells made a big difference. His mother, Marty Kelley, noted improvement within days of his first treatment. And his father Donald Kelley said, when you see that your child has been blessed with stem cell treatments and the improvement, its just a dream come true.

No, its not just a dream. Its based on science and research into how the body tries to heal itself naturally using stem cells.

As Kenneth says about the treatments, they put a little needle in, its not too bad. Thats a keen observation on another aspect of stem cell therapy that its a non-invasive procedure that poses little risk of side effects.

Related:This Is HowStem-Cell TherapyTreats Serious Brain Injuries

Although scientists arent sure exactly what causes ASD, our Chief Medical Officer Karolynn Halpert points out that these disorders are associated with the process of how the body modulates immune response and controls inflammation, but that stem cells have the ability to communicate with the immune system and release anti-inflammatory factors that can help reduce brain inflammation (neuroinflammation).

Dr. Halpert also explains that inflammation in the digestive system can also interfere with neurological function. Indeed, that phrase, gut feeling,isnt just an expression. Researchers have confirmed that the gut and the brain are linked in a gut-brain axisthat creates complex interactions in neurological functioning in ways that are not fully understood.

Some research suggests that autistic spectrum disorders may cause a heightened level of inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract, which can aggravate symptoms. There is significant evidence, however, that inflammation is controlled by stem cells. Thats why it helps promote healing and ease pain for patients we treat for a wide range of injuries such as TBI, and diseases such as autoimmune disorders, degenerative disc disease and many others all that can cause too much harmful inflammation.

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As Dr. Halpert points out, stem cells help other cells signal each other more effectively replacing cells in the digestive system and throughout the body to balance immune response and control inflammation to potentially help children with autistic symptoms improve thinking and cognitive function.

Thats good news for ASD patients and their parents, especially with advanced stem cell therapy now available using ourproprietary protocols to culture the most potent cells. These cells are harvested from donated umbilical cords, which are rich in a specific type of stem cell mesenchymal stem cells. These cells are then screened for specific biomarkers that indicate high potency. Only cells that meet the criteria for high levels of potency are then reproduced into infusions that are given to patients a non-invasive therapy thats like Kenneth describes just a little needle.

As autistic spectrum disorder cases become more commonly diagnosed in children at younger ages, its essential to identify these cases early so treatment can begin as soon as possible. Its clear that the earlier treatment begins, the more likely it is that these children can enjoy better lives in the years ahead.

So congratulations Kenneth on your recent graduation. You earned your diploma. Your parents are proud of you. I am, as well. You and other ASD patients are an inspiration for our entire team to help others like you not only graduate from school but live a life filled with as much joy as possible.

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The Promise of Stem Cells to Help Children with Autism - Entrepreneur