Author Archives: admin


Caladrius Biosciences Treats First Patient in the Phase 2b FREEDOM Trial of CLBS16 for the Treatment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction – Cath Lab…

Initiation of the Phase 2b FREEDOM trial represents the next step in development of CLBS16 as a potential breakthrough treatment for the millions of sufferers of CMD in the U.S., most of whom are women

Patient enrollment underway atTheChrist Hospital Health Network in Cincinnati (OH) and Mayo Clinic in Rochester (MN) with additional sites across the United States targeted to open soon

Strong investigator and subject interest driven by the positive results of the Phase 2a ESCaPE-CMD trial reported in spring of 2020

BASKING RIDGE, N.J. (January 29, 2021) Caladrius Biosciences, Inc.,a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of cellular therapies designed to reverse disease, announced that it has treated the first patient in its Phase 2b FREEDOM trial of CLBS16 as a therapy for coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) at TheChrist Hospital Health Network in Cincinnati, Ohio. The 105-patient double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trial is designed to further evaluate the efficacy and safety of intracoronary delivery of autologous CD34+ cells (CLBS16) in subjects with CMD and without obstructive coronary artery disease.

We are very excited about our CLBS16 program as it represents a potential breakthrough in the treatment of CMD, a condition which afflicts millions of patients in the US alone, many of whom are women. As a result, CMD is a womens health issue of emerging importance as currently there are no products with approved labeling for coronary microvascular dysfunction, said David J. Mazzo, PhD, President and Chief Executive Officer of Caladrius. The treatment of the first patient in the FREEDOM trial is an important milestone for our Company and the program and we look forward to completing enrollment by the target of year-end 2021. It is especially noteworthy that even during the COVID-19 pandemic, physicians and patients are active in our trial, denoting the seriousness of the disease and underscoring the lack of available effective treatment for CMD.

Following the outstanding full data results from the ESCaPE-CMD study that I presented at SCAI 2020, we are very excited to participate in the FREEDOM trial, said Timothy D. Henry, M.D., Medical Director of the Carl and Edyth Lindner Center for Research at TheChrist Hospital Health Network. Caladrius CLBS16 program has demonstrated great promise and I am looking forward to seeing how this new therapeutic option can benefit patients with CMD.

For more information on this study, please visitclinicaltrials.gov(identifier: NCT04614467).

If you are a patient or a physician and have questions about eligibility for this study, please visitwww.freedom-trial.com.

About Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction

Coronary microvascular dysfunction is a type of non-obstructive coronary artery disease that causes decreased blood flow to the heart muscle that affects approximately 8.3 million people in the U.S.1,2With common symptoms that include recurring, debilitating chest pain, tiredness, and shortness of breath, many CMD patients are undiagnosed because of the absence of large vessel obstruction. Due to an under appreciation of the disease, patients, the majority of whom are women, often go years without proper treatment. When a diagnosis of CMD is missed, patients are untreated and remain at high risk of heart attack and/or cardiovascular-related death. _______________________ [1] Mittal, S.R.; Indian Heart Journal, Volume 66, 2014, Pages 678681 [2] Cleveland Clinic/AHA (American Heart Association)

About Caladrius Biosciences

Caladrius Biosciences, Inc. is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development of cellular therapies designed to reverse disease. We are developing first-in-class cell therapy products based on the finely tuned mechanisms for self-repair that exist in the human body. Our technology leverages and enables these mechanisms in the form of specific cells, using formulations and modes of delivery unique to each medical indication.

The Companys current product candidates include: HONEDRA (formerly CLBS12), recipient of SAKIGAKE designation and eligible for early conditional approval in Japan for the treatment of critical limb ischemia (CLI) based on the results of an ongoing clinical trial; OLOGO (formerly CLBS14), a Regenerative Medicine Advanced Therapy (RMAT) designated therapy for which the Company has finalized with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (the FDA) a protocol for a Phase 3 confirmatory trial in subjects with no-option refractory disabling angina (NORDA); CLBS16, the subject of both a recently completed positive Phase 2a study and a newly initiated Phase 2b study in the U.S. for the treatment of coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD); CLBS119, an emergent CD34+ stem cell therapy responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and the potentially permanent damage the virus inflicts on the lungs of many patients; and CLBS201, designed to assess the safety and efficacy of CD34+ cell therapy as a treatment for chronic kidney disease (CKD). For more information on the company, please visitwww.caladrius.com.

Read more:
Caladrius Biosciences Treats First Patient in the Phase 2b FREEDOM Trial of CLBS16 for the Treatment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction - Cath Lab...

From hacking the immune system at the Parker Institute to decoding and reprogramming human cells – leading clinical immunotherapies developer Ramy Ibr…

Disclaimer: You are now leaving PharmiWeb.com website and are going to a website that is not operated by us. We are not responsible for the content or availability of linked sites.

ABOUT THIRD PARTY LINKS ON OUR SITE

PharmiWeb.com offers links to other third party websites that may be of interest to our website visitors. The links provided in our website are provided solely for your convenience and may assist you in locating other useful information on the Internet. When you click on these links you will leave the PharmiWeb.com website and will be redirected to another site. These sites are not under the control of PharmiWeb.com.

PharmiWeb.com is not responsible for the content of linked third party websites. We are not an agent for these third parties nor do we endorse or guarantee their products. We make no representation or warranty regarding the accuracy of the information contained in the linked sites. We suggest that you always verify the information obtained from linked websites before acting upon this information.

Also, please be aware that the security and privacy policies on these sites may be different than PharmiWeb.com policies, so please read third party privacy and security policies closely.

If you have any questions or concerns about the products and services offered on linked third party websites, please contact the third party directly.

Read more from the original source:
From hacking the immune system at the Parker Institute to decoding and reprogramming human cells - leading clinical immunotherapies developer Ramy Ibr...

City Awards $38 Million in Infrastructure Grants for City Science Institutions – CityLand CityLand – CityLand

Part of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine in the Bronx, one of the four recipients of grants from the city. Image Credit: Google Maps

Four New York City leading scientific research facilities are receiving infrastructure grants to advance innovation and public health. On January 21, 2021, Mayor de Blasio announced that Columbia University, Montefiore-Einstein, the New York Stem Cell Foundation, and Rockefeller University are the four winners of $38 million in infrastructure grants for research and development departments. These grants come as a part of LifeSci NYC, a $500 million project with the goal of establishing New York City as a public health capital.

Each of the four facilities is dedicated to forming partnerships between New Yorks leading scientists and technological and pharmaceutical companies around the world. Columbia Universitys Therapeutic Validation Center is using its $9 million grant to accelerate early research into new start-ups. The center will be using new technology to create new medicines to eliminate diseases. The center will be located within Columbia Universitys facilities. Dr. Brent Stockwell, a professor of biological sciences and chemistry at Columbia University stated, We anticipate that the Center will launch multiple life science companies in NYC that create transformational medicines to change the landscape of treatment for COVID-19 and other human maladies.

Montefiore Medicine is using its $13 million grant to launch the Einstein-Montefiore Biotechnology Accelerated Research Center. The center will focus on cell, gene, and antibody therapy production and will be located on Montefiores Einstein campus in Morris Park. The center is to be open to early stage and established companies in need of these kinds of facilities.

New York Stem Cell Foundation will use its $6.5 million to expand its research institute located in West Midtown. The expansion will allow the facility to turn their research directly into clinic-ready drugs and treatments. The new equipment will increase the facilities production, processing, and screening capabilities. The expansion will also allow for collaborations with universities, technology companies, and pharmaceutical companies. Susan L. Solomon, founder, and CEO of the New York Stem Cell Foundation, stated, Developing drugs and new treatments on human cells is critical and I am very excited that the City continues to make this a priority.

The Rockefeller University is using its $9 million grant to convert research labs into the Tri-Institutional Translational Center for Therapeutics which will work with commercial life sciences. The facility will be working with Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weil Cornell Medicine to better their growth. The facility will be located in Upper East Side. President of Rockefeller University, Richard P. Lifton stated, By consolidating existing collaborations and providing much-needed biotech incubator space into the bargain, this new center will focus the boldest biomedical science in the world on solving todays most challenging medical problems while also growing the fast-emerging biotech sector in New York City.

Mayor de Blasio stated, As we rebuild a fairer and better city, its time to make New York City a global leader in pandemic response. This city will stand with the life sciences in good times and bad, and I cant wait to see what our world-class partners will create in the years to come.

This announcement coincides with the creation of the Pandemic Response Institute, a hub for preparing for future emergencies, and the Pandemic Response Lab, which processes COVID-19 tests for NYC Health and Hospitals.

By: Patrick McNeill(Patrick is a CityLaw intern and a New York Law School student, Class of 2022.)

Follow this link:
City Awards $38 Million in Infrastructure Grants for City Science Institutions - CityLand CityLand - CityLand

Stem Cell Therapy Market Size to Reach USD 5,040 Million by 2028 | Rising Public-Private Investments and Developing Regulatory Framework for Stem Cell…

Key participants include Virgin Health Bank, Celgene Corporation, ReNeuron Group plc, Biovault Family, Precious Cells International Ltd., Mesoblast Ltd., Opexa Therapeutics, Inc., Caladrius, Neuralstem, Inc., and Pluristem, among others.

Vancouver, British Columbia, Jan. 29, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Stem Cell Therapy Market Size to Reach USD 5,040 Million by 2028 | Rising Public-Private Investments and Developing Regulatory Framework for Stem Cell Therapeutics will be the Key Factor Driving the Industry Growth, States Emergen Research

The global stem cell therapy market size was valued at USD 342.7 Million in 2019 and is anticipated to reach USD 3,693.6 Million by 2027 at a CAGR of 36.2%, over the forecast period, according to most recent analysis by Emergen Research.

Growing prevalence of chronic diseases will drive the growth of the stem cell therapy market. Increased investment in research activities, development of advanced genetic techniques, and rise in public-private partnership will contribute to the growth of the stem cell therapy market.

Stem cells are used to improve health and manage disease. The growing popularity of regenerative medicine has encouraged the growth of stem cell therapy market. Regenerative medicines are used to replace, repair, and regenerate tissues affected by disease, injury, and aging process. Regenerative medicines are used in research to find a cure for diabetes, Parkinson's, and Alzheimer's disease.

Claim Your FREE Sample Copy with Table of content@ https://www.emergenresearch.com/request-sample-form/83

However, ethical concerns regarding embryonic stem cells and less developed research infrastructure will hinder the stem cell therapy market's growth.

Companies Profiled in Stem Cell Therapy Market Research Report:

Virgin Health Bank, Celgene Corporation, ReNeuron Group plc, Biovault Family, Precious Cells International Ltd., Mesoblast Ltd., Opexa Therapeutics, Inc., Caladrius, Neuralstem, Inc., and Pluristem.

Story continues

Key Highlights of Report

Autologous stem cell therapy is growing at a higher rate during the forecast period due to the low risk of complications associated with autologous treatment. Other factors expected to drive the growth of the segment are the improved survival rate of patients, affordability, and no risk of graft-versus-host diseases.

Diabetes is a growing cause of concern all across the globe. In 2019, approximately 463 million adults had diabetes, and the number is expected to grow to 700 million by 2045. Stem cell therapy offers greater potential for enhancing glucose control in patients with type 1 diabetes, which will drive the growth of the segment.

Clinic segment is growing at a rate of 36.4% during the forecast period as they are equipped with sophisticated equipment and reagents for use in stem cell therapies. Clinics are offering stem cell therapies, but the cost of the treatment is high.

The stem cell therapy market is growing in Asia Pacific due to increasing collaboration between research institutes and industries for development of drugs to treat chronic diseases. In 2019, AVITA Medical in Australia collaborated with scientists at the Gates Center for regenerative medicine at the University Of Colorado School Of Medicine to explore development of spray-on treatment of genetically modified cells for patients.

Check Our Prices@ https://www.emergenresearch.com/select-license/83 Emergen Research has segmented the global stem cell therapy market in terms of type, application, end-users, and region:

Type Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2018-2028)

Application Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2018-2028)

End-users Outlook (Revenue, USD Million; 2018-2028)

Click to access the Report Study, Read key highlights of the Report and Look at Projected Trends: https://www.emergenresearch.com/industry-report/stem-cell-therapy-market

Take a Look at our Related Reports:

AI-Enabled Medical Imaging Solutions Market By Product (Software, Hardware), By Workflow (Image Acquisition, Image Analysis, Reporting, and Communication), By Therapeutic Application (General Imaging, Specialty Imaging), By Deployment Mode, By Modality, and By Region, Forecasts to 2027

Patient Registry Software Market By Delivery, By Database, By Registry Type, By Function, By Software Type (Integrated, Standalone), By End-use (Government & Third-Party Administrators, Pharmaceutical Companies, Hospitals, Research Centers, Others), and By Region, Forecast to 2027

Operating Room Management Solutions Market By Solution Type (Data management and communication solutions, Operating room supply management solutions, Anesthesia information management solutions, Operating room scheduling solutions, Performance management solutions), By Mode of Deployment (Ob-premises, Cloud-based), By End-Use (Hospitals, Ambulatory surgical centers), and By Region

About Emergen Research

Emergen Research is a market research and consulting company that provides syndicated research reports, customized research reports, and consulting services. Our solutions purely focus on your purpose to locate, target, and analyze consumer behavior shifts across demographics, across industries, and help clients make smarter business decisions. We offer market intelligence studies ensuring relevant and fact-based research across multiple industries, including Healthcare, Touch Points, Chemicals, Types, and Energy. We consistently update our research offerings to ensure our clients are aware of the latest trends existent in the market. Emergen Research has a strong base of experienced analysts from varied areas of expertise. Our industry experience and ability to develop a concrete solution to any research problems provides our clients with the ability to secure an edge over their respective competitors.

Contact Us:

Eric Lee

Corporate Sales Specialist

Emergen Research | Web: http://www.emergenresearch.com

Direct Line: +1 (604) 757-9756

E-mail: sales@emergenresearch.com

Facebook | LinkedIn | Twitter | Blogs

Read Full Press Release@ https://www.emergenresearch.com/press-release/global-stem-cell-therapy-market

Read this article:
Stem Cell Therapy Market Size to Reach USD 5,040 Million by 2028 | Rising Public-Private Investments and Developing Regulatory Framework for Stem Cell...

Stem Cell Therapy Market 2021: Global Key Players, Trends, Share, Industry Size, Segmentation, Forecast To 2027 KSU | The Sentinel Newspaper – KSU |…

Stem Cell Therapy Market is valued at USD 9.32 Billion in 2018 and expected to reach USD 16.51 Billion by 2025 with the CAGR of 8.5% over the forecast period.

Rising prevalence of chronic diseases, increasing spend on research & development and increasing collaboration between industry and academia driving the growth of stem cell therapy market.

Scope of Stem Cell Therapy Market-

Stem cells therapy also known as regenerative medicine therapy, stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to prevent or treat the condition or disease. Stem cell are the special type of cells those differentiated from other type of cell into two defining characteristics including the ability to differentiate into a specialized adult cell type and perpetual self-renewal. Under the appropriate conditions in the body or a laboratory stem cells are capable to build every tissue called daughter cells in the human body; hence these cells have great potential for future therapeutic uses in tissue regeneration and repair. Among stem cell pluripotent are the type of cell that can become any cell in the adult body, and multipotent type of cell are restricted to becoming a more limited population of cells.

Get Sample of This Report@ https://brandessenceresearch.com/requestSample/PostId/1246

The stem cell therapy has been used to treat people with conditions including leukemia and lymphoma, however this is the only form of stem-cell therapy which is widely practiced. Prochymal are another stem-cell therapy was conditionally approved in Canada in 2012 for the treatment of acute graft-vs-host disease in children those are not responding to steroids. Nevertheless, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is the only established therapy using stem cells. This therapy involves the bone marrow transplantation.

Stem cell therapy market report is segmented based on type, therapeutic application, cell source and by regional & country level. Based upon type, stem cell therapy market is classified into allogeneic stem cell therapy market and autologous market.

Stem Cell Therapy Companies:

Stem cell therapy market report covers prominent players like,

Based upon therapeutic application, stem cell therapy market is classified into musculoskeletal disorders, wounds and injuries, cardiovascular diseases, surgeries, gastrointestinal diseases and other applications. Based upon cell source, stem cell therapy market is classified into adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, cord blood/embryonic stem cells and other cell sources

The regions covered in this stem cell therapy market report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Rest of the World. On the basis of country level, market of stem cell therapy is sub divided into U.S., Mexico, Canada, U.K., France, Germany, Italy, China, Japan, India, South East Asia, GCC, Africa, etc.

Stem Cell Therapy Market Segmentation

By Type

Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy Market, By Application

Autologous Market, By Application

By Therapeutic Application

By Cell Source

Stem Cell Therapy Market Dynamics

Rising spend on research and development activities in the research institutes and biotech industries driving the growth of the stem cell therapy market during the forecast period. For instance, in January 2010, U. S. based Augusta University initiated Phase I clinical trial to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a single, autologous cord blood stem infusion for treatment of cerebral palsy in children. The study is estimated to complete in July 2020. Additionally, increasing prevalence of chronic diseases creating the demand of stem cell therapy. For instance, as per the international diabetes federation, in 2019, around 463 million population across the world were living with diabetes; by 2045 it is expected to rise around 700 million. Among all 79% of population with diabetes were living in low- and middle-income countries. These all factors are fuelling the growth of market over the forecast period. On the other flip, probabilities of getting success is less in the therapeutics by stem cell may restrain the growth of market. Nevertheless, Advancement of technologies and government initiative to encourage research in stem cell therapy expected to create lucrative opportunity in stem cell therapy market over the forecast period.

Stem Cell Therapy Market Regional Analysis

North America is dominating the stem cell therapy market due increasing adoption rate of novel stem cell therapies fueling the growth of market in the region. Additionally, favorable government initiatives have encouraging the regional market growth. For instance, government of Canada has initiated Strategic Innovation Fund Program, in which gov will invests in research activities carried out for stem cell therapies. In addition, good reimbursing scheme in the region helping patient to spend more on health. Above mentioned factors are expected to drive the North America over the forecast period.

Full Research Report @ https://brandessenceresearch.com/healthcare/stem-cell-therapy-market-size

About us: Brandessence Market Research and Consulting Pvt. Ltd.

Brandessence market research publishes market research reports & business insights produced by highly qualified and experienced industry analysts. Our research reports are available in a wide range of industry verticals including aviation, food & beverage, healthcare, ICT, Construction, Chemicals, and lot more. Brand Essence Market Research report will be best fit for senior executives, business development managers, marketing managers, consultants, CEOs, CIOs, COOs, and Directors, governments, agencies, organizations, and Ph.D. Students. We have a delivery center in Pune, India and our sales office is in London.

Contact usat: +44-2038074155 ormail usatsales@brandessenceresearch.com

Website: https://brandessenceresearch.com/

Article: https://businessstatsnews.com

Blog: https://technologyindustrynews.com

Blog: https://marketstatsreport.com

Blog: https://industrywatchnews.com/

See the original post here:
Stem Cell Therapy Market 2021: Global Key Players, Trends, Share, Industry Size, Segmentation, Forecast To 2027 KSU | The Sentinel Newspaper - KSU |...

Stem Cell Manufacturing includes Attractiveness and Raw Material Analysis and Competitor Position Grid Analysis to 2027 | Merck KGaA, Thermo Fisher…

Stem Cell Manufacturing Market research report delivers a comprehensive study on production capacity, consumption, import and export for all major regions across the world. Report provides is a professional inclusive study on the current state for the market. Analysis and discussion of important industry like market trends, size, share, growth estimates are mentioned in the report.

Stem cell manufacturing discusses the required technologies that enable the transfer of the current laboratory-based practice of stem cell tissue culture to the clinic environment as therapeutics, while concurrently achieving control, reproducibility, automation, validation, and safety of the process and the product.

Request For Exclusive Sample PDF of this Report @ https://www.theinsightpartners.com/sample/TIPBT00002553/?utm_source=10392_flanewsonline

The Global Stem cell manufacturing Market Analysis to 2027 is a specialized and in-depth study of the biotechnology industry with a focus on the global market trend. The report aims to provide an overview of global stem cell manufacturing market with detailed market segmentation by of product, application and end user. The global stem cell manufacturing market is expected to witness high growth during the forecast period. The report provides key statistics on the market status of the leading market players and offers key trends and opportunities in the market. On the other hand, increasing market focus on embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are expected to offer new growth platforms to conduct advanced research and developments for the players in the global stem cell manufacturing market.

The global stem cell manufacturing market is segmented on the basis of product, application, and end user. The product segment in the global stem cell manufacturing market includes, stem cell lines, instruments, culture media and consumables. Based on application, the stem cell manufacturing market is segmented as, research applications, clinical applications and cell and tissue banking. Based on end user, the stem cell manufacturing market is classified as, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, hospitals and surgical centers, academic institutes, research laboratories, and CROs, cell banks and tissue banks.

Competitive Landscape Stem Cell Manufacturing Market: Merck KGaA, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc., BD, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Miltenyi Biotec, Pharmicell Co., Ltd, Takara Bio Inc., STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., and NuVasive, Inc. among others

The report specifically highlights the Stem Cell Manufacturing market share, company profiles, regional outlook, product portfolio, a record of the recent developments, strategic analysis, key players in the market, sales, distribution chain, manufacturing, production, new market entrants as well as existing market players, advertising, brand value, popular products, demand and supply, and other important factors related to the market to help the new entrants understand the market scenario better.

To comprehend global Stem Cell Manufacturing market dynamics in the world mainly, the worldwide market is analyzed across major global regions: North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia and Italy), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia), South America (Brazil, Argentina), Middle East & Africa (Saudi Arabia, UAE, Egypt and South Africa)

Our Sample Report Accommodate a Brief Introduction of the research report, TOC, List of Tables and Figures, Competitive Landscape and Geographic Segmentation, Innovation and Future Developments Based on Research Methodology

Research Objective

To analyze and forecast the market size of global Stem Cell Manufacturing market.

To classify and forecast global Stem Cell Manufacturing market based on product, sources, application.

To identify drivers and challenges for global Stem Cell Manufacturing market.

To examine competitive developments such as mergers & acquisitions, agreements, collaborations and partnerships, etc., in global Stem Cell Manufacturing market.

To conduct pricing analysis for global Stem Cell Manufacturing market.

To identify and analyze the profile of leading players operating in global Stem Cell Manufacturing market.

-To analyze global Stem Cell Manufacturing status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.

-To present the Stem Cell Manufacturing development in various regions like United States, Europe and China.

-To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.

-Stem Cell Manufacturing market report helps in making informed business decisions by having complete insights of market and by making in-depth analysis of market segments

Reasons to Buy:

Interested in Purchasing this Report? Click here @ https://www.theinsightpartners.com/buy/TIPBT00002553/?utm_source=10392_flanewsonline

Note: If you have any special requirements, please let us know and we will offer you the report as you want.

About Us:

The Insight Partners is a one stop industry research provider of actionable intelligence. We help our clients in getting solutions to their research requirements through our syndicated and consulting research services. We are a specialist in Technology, Healthcare, Manufacturing, Automotive and Defense.

Contact Us:

Call: +1-646-491-9876

Email: sales@theinsightpartners.com

Link:
Stem Cell Manufacturing includes Attractiveness and Raw Material Analysis and Competitor Position Grid Analysis to 2027 | Merck KGaA, Thermo Fisher...

RNA Molecules Are Masters of Their Own Destiny Regulating Their Own Production Through a Feedback Loop – SciTechDaily

A collaboration between biologists and physicists suggests that RNA is a feedback regulator of its own production. Low concentrations of RNA lead to the formation of transcriptional condensates (represented here as bubbles), and high levels lead to the dissolution of those condensates. Credit: Jennifer Cook-Chrysos/Whitehead Institute

Research suggests the products of transcription RNA molecules regulate their own production through a feedback loop.

At any given moment in the human body, in about 30 trillion cells, DNA is being read into molecules of messenger RNA, the intermediary step between DNA and proteins, in a process called transcription.

Scientists have a pretty good idea of how transcription gets started: Proteins called RNA polymerases are recruited to specific regions of the DNA molecules and begin skimming their way down the strand, synthesizing mRNA molecules as they go. But part of this process is less-well understood: How does the cell know when to stop transcribing?

Now, new work from the labs of Richard Young, Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research member and MIT professor of biology, and Arup K. Chakraborty, professor of chemical engineering, physics, and chemistry at MIT, suggests that RNA molecules themselves are responsible for regulating their formation through a feedback loop. Too few RNA molecules, and the cell initiates transcription to create more. Then, at a certain threshold, too many RNA molecules cause transcription to draw to a halt.

The research, published in Cell, represents a collaboration between biologists and physicists, and provides some insight into the potential roles of the thousands of RNAs that are not translated into any proteins, called noncoding RNAs, which are common in mammals and have mystified scientists for decades.

Researchers formed these droplets in the lab to investigate the role of RNA in their formation and dissolution. Credit: Jon Henninger

Previous work in Youngs lab has focused on transcriptional condensates, small cellular droplets that bring together the molecules needed to transcribe DNA to RNA. Scientists in the lab discovered the transcriptional droplets in 2018, noticing that they typically formed when transcription began and dissolved a few seconds or minutes later, when the process was finished.

The researchers wondered if the force that governed the dissolution of the transcriptional condensates could be related to the chemical properties of the RNA they produced specifically, its highly negative charge. If this were the case, it would be the latest example of cellular processes being regulated via a feedback mechanism an elegant, efficient system used in the cell to control biological functions such as red blood cell production and DNA repair.

As an initial test, the researchers used an in vitro experiment to test whether the amount of RNA had an effect on condensate formation. They found that within the range of physiological levels observed in cells, low levels of RNA encouraged droplet formation and high levels of RNA discouraged it.

With these results in mind, Young lab postdocs and co-first authors Ozgur Oksuz and Jon Henninger teamed up with physicist and co-first author Krishna Shrinivas, a graduate student in Arup Chakrabortys lab, to investigate what physical forces were at play.

Shrinivas proposed that the team build a computational model to study the physical and chemical interactions between actively transcribed RNA and condensates formed by transcriptional proteins. The goal of the model was not to simply reproduce existing results, but to create a platform with which to test a variety of situations.

The way most people study these kinds of problems is to take mixtures of molecules in a test tube, shake it and see what happens, Shrinivas says. That is as far away from what happens in a cell as one can imagine. Our thought was, Can we try to study this problem in its biological context, which is this out-of-equilibrium, complex process?

Studying the problem from a physics perspective allowed the researchers to take a step back from traditional biology methods. As a biologist, its difficult to come up with new hypotheses, new approaches to understanding how things work from available data, Henninger says. You can do screens, you can identify new players, new proteins, new RNAs that may be involved in a process, but youre still limited by our classical understanding of how all these things interact. Whereas when talking with a physicist, youre in this theoretical space extending beyond what the data can currently give you. Physicists love to think about how something would behave, given certain parameters.

Once the model was complete, the researchers could ask it questions about situations that may arise in cells for instance, what happens to condensates when RNAs of different lengths are produced at different rates as time ensues? and then follow it up with an experiment at the lab bench. We ended up with a very nice convergence of model and experiment, Henninger says. To me, its like the model helps distill the simplest features of this type of system, and then you can do more predictive experiments in cells to see if it fits that model.

Through a series of modeling and experiments at the lab bench, the researchers were able to confirm their hypothesis that the effect of RNA on transcription is due to RNAs molecules highly negative charge. Furthermore, it was predicted that initial low levels of RNA enhance and subsequent higher levels dissolve condensates formed by transcriptional proteins. Because the charge is carried by the RNAs phosphate backbone, the effective charge of a given RNA molecule is directly proportional to its length.

In order to test this finding in a living cell, the researchers engineered mouse embryonic stem cells to have glowing condensates, then treated them with a chemical to disrupt the elongation phase of transcription. Consistent with the models predictions, the resulting dearth of condensate-dissolving RNA molecules increased the size and lifetime of condensates in the cell. Conversely, when the researchers engineered cells to induce the production of extra RNAs, transcriptional condensates at these sites dissolved. These results highlight the importance of understanding how non-equilibrium feedback mechanisms regulate the functions of the biomolecular condensates present in cells, says Chakraborty.

Confirmation of this feedback mechanism might help answer a longstanding mystery of the mammalian genome: the purpose of non-coding RNAs, which make up a large portion of genetic material. While we know a lot about how proteins work, there are tens of thousands of noncoding RNA species, and we dont know the functions of most of these molecules, says Young. The finding that RNA molecules can regulate transcriptional condensates makes us wonder if many of the noncoding species just function locally to tune gene expression throughout the genome. Then this giant mystery of what all these RNAs do has a potential solution.

The researchers are optimistic that understanding this new role for RNA in the cell could inform therapies for a wide range of diseases. Some diseases are actually caused by increased or decreased expression of a single gene, says Oksuz, a co-first author. We now know that if you modulate the levels of RNA, you have a predictable effect on condensates. So you could hypothetically tune up or down the expression of a disease gene to restore the expression and possibly restore the phenotype that you want, in order to treat a disease.

Young adds that a deeper understanding of RNA behavior could inform therapeutics more generally. In the past 10 years, a variety of drugs have been developed that directly target RNA successfully. RNA is an important target, Young says. Understanding mechanistically how RNA molecules regulate gene expression bridges the gap between gene dysregulation in disease and new therapeutic approaches that target RNA.

Reference: RNA-Mediated Feedback Control of Transcriptional Condensates by Jonathan E. Henninger, Ozgur Oksuz, Krishna Shrinivas, Ido Sagi, Gary LeRoy, Ming M. Zheng, J. Owen Andrews, Alicia V. Zamudio, Charalampos Lazaris, Nancy M. Hannett, Tong Ihn Lee, Phillip A. Sharp, Ibrahim I. Ciss, Arup K. Chakraborty and Richard A. Young, 16 December 2020, Cell. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.11.030

Read more:
RNA Molecules Are Masters of Their Own Destiny Regulating Their Own Production Through a Feedback Loop - SciTechDaily

Tiziana Life Sciences plc ("Tiziana" or the "Company") – Tiziana Files Registration Statement on Form F-3 with U.S. Securities and…

NEW YORK and LONDON, Jan. 27, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Tiziana Life Sciences plc (Nasdaq: TLSA / LSE: TILS), a biotechnology company focused on innovative therapeutics for oncology, inflammation, and infectious diseases, today announces that it has filed a “universal” shelf registration statement on Form F-3 (File No. 333-252441) (the "Registration Statement") with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") in relation to up to US$250,000,000 in market value of its securities.

See more here:
Tiziana Life Sciences plc ("Tiziana" or the "Company") - Tiziana Files Registration Statement on Form F-3 with U.S. Securities and...

Lilly, Vir Biotechnology and GSK Announce First Patient Dosed in Expanded BLAZE-4 Trial Evaluating Bamlanivimab (LY-CoV555) with VIR-7831 (GSK4182136)…

INDIANAPOLIS, SAN FRANCISCO and LONDON, Jan. 27, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Eli Lilly and Company (NYSE: LLY), Vir Biotechnology, Inc. (NASDAQ: VIR) and GlaxoSmithKline plc (LSE/NYSE: GSK) today announced a collaboration to evaluate a combination of two COVID-19 therapies in low-risk patients with mild to moderate COVID-19. Lilly has expanded its ongoing BLAZE-4 trial to evaluate the administration of bamlanivimab (LY-CoV555) 700mg with VIR-7831 (also known as GSK4182136) 500mg, two neutralizing antibodies that bind to different epitopes of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. This unique collaboration marks the first time that monoclonal antibodies from separate companies will be brought together to explore potential outcomes.

Read this article:
Lilly, Vir Biotechnology and GSK Announce First Patient Dosed in Expanded BLAZE-4 Trial Evaluating Bamlanivimab (LY-CoV555) with VIR-7831 (GSK4182136)...