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Efforts at coronavirus vaccines and treatments abound in the Bay Area – San Francisco Chronicle

The frenetic search for the miracle that will rid the world of COVID-19 is branching out in a thousand directions, and a large part of the microbial treasure hunt is going on in the Bay Area, where major progress has been made in the 100 days since residents were ordered to shelter in place.

Scientists at universities, laboratories, biotechnology companies and drug manufacturers are combing through blood plasma taken from infected patients for secrets that will help them fight the disease.

The key is likely a super-strength antibody found in some patients. But researchers must first figure out how those antibodies work and how they can be harnessed and used to stop the many health problems associated with COVID-19, particularly acute respiratory distress syndrome, or ARDS, which has killed more people than any other complication connected to the disease.

Other developments showing promise include injections of mesenchymal stem cells, found in bone marrow and umbilical cords, that doctors are studying to battle inflammation caused by ARDS. And a steroid called dexamethasone reduced the number of deaths by halting the overreactive immune responses in seriously ill patients in the United Kingdom.

In all, more than 130 vaccines and 220 treatments are being tested worldwide.

What follows is a list of some of the most promising elixirs, medications and vaccines with ties to the Bay Area:

Monoclonal antibodies / Vir Biotechnology, San Francisco: Scientists at Vir and several institutions, including Stanford and UCSF, are studying monoclonal antibodies, which are clones of coronavirus-fighting antibodies produced by COVID-19 patients.

The idea is to utilize these neutralizing antibodies which bind to the virus crown-like spikes and prevent them from entering and hijacking human cells.

Only about 5% of coronavirus patients have these super-strength antibodies, and those people are believed to be immune to a second attack.

The trick for scientists at Vir is to identify these neutralizing antibodies, harvest, purify and clone them. If they succeed, the resulting monoclones could then be used to inoculate people and it is hoped give them long-term immunity against the coronavirus. The company recently signed a deal with Samsung Biologics, in South Korea, to scale up production of a temporary vaccine in the fall after clinical trials are complete.

Another monoclonal antibody, leronlimab, is being studied in coronavirus clinical trials by its Washington state drugmaker, CytoDyn. The companys chief medical officer is in San Francisco, and the company that does laboratory tests of leronlimab is in San Carlos.

Interferon-lambda / Stanford University: Doctors at Stanford are running a trial to see if interferon-lambda, which is administered by injection, helps patients in the early stages of COVID-19. Interferon-lambda is a manufactured version of a naturally occurring protein that has been used to treat hepatitis. Stanford doctors hope it will boost the immune system response to coronavirus infections.

Dr. Upinder Singh, a Stanford infectious-disease expert, said the trial has enrolled more than 50 patients and is halfway finished. We have noted that patients tolerate the drug very well, she said.

Mesenchymal stem cells / UCSF and UC Davis Medical Center: UCSF Dr. Michael Matthay is leading a study about whether a kind of stem cell found in bone marrow can help patients with ARDS. Matthay hopes that the stem cells can help reduce the inflammation associated with some of ARDS most dire respiratory symptoms, and help patients lungs to recover.

Matthay is aiming to enroll 120 patients in San Francisco, the UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento and hospitals in a handful of other states. He said the trial, which includes a small number ARDS patients who dont have COVID-19, should have results within a year. So far 17 patients are enrolled in the trial, most of them in San Francisco.

Remdesivir / Gilead Sciences (Foster City): Remdesivir, once conceived as a potential treatment for ebola, was the first drug to show some promise in treating COVID-19 patients. The drug interferes with the process through which the virus replicates itself. A large study led by the federal government generated excitement in late April when officials said hospitalized patients who received remdesivir intravenously recovered faster than those who received a placebo.

A later study looking at dosage showed some benefit for moderately ill COVID-19 patients who received remdesivir for five days, but improvement among those who got it for 10 days was not statistically significant. Gilead, a drug company, recently announced that it will soon launch another clinical trial to see how remdesivir works on 50 pediatric patients, from newborns to teenagers, with moderate to severe COVID-19 symptoms. More than 30 locations in the U.S. and Europe will be involved in the trial, the company said.

Coronavirus crisis: 100 days

Editors note: Its been 100 days since the Bay Area sheltered in place, protecting itself from the coronavirus pandemic. What have we learned in that time? And what does the future hold for the region and its fight against COVID-19? The Chronicle explores the past 100 days and looks to the future in this exclusive report.

Favipiravir / Fujifilm Toyama Chemical (Stanford University): This antiviral drug, developed in 2014 by a subsidiary of the Japanese film company to treat influenza, is undergoing numerous clinical studies worldwide, including a Stanford University trial that began this month. Unlike remdesivir, it can be administered orally, so it can be used to treat patients early in the disease, before hospitalization is necessary.

Stanford epidemiologists want to see if favipiravir, which has shown promising results in other trials, prevents the coronavirus from replicating in human cells, halts the shedding of the virus and reduces the severity of infection. The Stanford study, the only outpatient trial for this drug in the nation, is enrolling 120 people who have been diagnosed with COVID-19 within the past 72 hours. Half of them will get a placebo. People can enroll by emailing treatcovid@stanford.edu.

Colchicine / UCSF (San Francisco and New York): The anti-inflammatory drug commonly used to treat gout flare-ups is being studied in the U.S. by scientists at UCSF and New York University. The drug short-circuits inflammation by decreasing the bodys production of certain proteins, and researchers hope that it will reduce lung complications and prevent deaths from COVID-19. About 6,000 patients are receiving colchicine or a placebo during the clinical trial, dubbed Colcorona, which began in March and is expected to be completed in September.

Selinexor / Kaiser Permanente: Kaiser hospitals in San Francisco, Oakland and Sacramento are studying selinexor, an anticancer drug that blocks a key protein in the cellular machinery for DNA processing, as a potential COVID-19 treatment. The drug has both antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, and its administered orally, according to Kaisers Dr. Jacek Skarbinski. The trial aims to enroll 250 patients with severe symptoms at Kaiser and other hospitals that are participating nationwide.

VXA-COV2-1 / Vaxart, South San Francisco: The biotechnology company Vaxart is testing this drug to see if it is as effective at controlling COVID-19 as trials have shown it to be against influenza. VXA-COV2-1, the only potential vaccine in pill form, uses the genetic code of the coronavirus to trigger a defensive response in mucous membranes. The hope is that the newly fortified membranes will prevent the virus from entering the body.

Its the only vaccine (candidate) that activates the first line of defense, which is the mucosa, said Andrei Floroiu, Vaxarts chief executive, noting that intravenous vaccines kill the virus after it is inside the body. Our vaccine may prevent you from getting infected at all.

The drug was effective against influenza and norovirus in trials and appears to work on laboratory animals, Floroiu said. He expects trials of VXA-COV2-1 on humans to begin later this summer.

VaxiPatch / Verndari (Napa and UC Davis Medical Center): Napa vaccine company Verndari makes a patented adhesive patch that can deliver a vaccine instead of a shot. Now, the company is trying to make a vaccine for COVID-19 that they can administer through that patch. At UC Davis Medical Center in Sacramento, Verndari researchers are developing a potential vaccine that relies on the coronavirus spike-shaped protein. When injected into a person, the substance would ideally train their body to recognize the virus and fight it off without becoming ill.

A spokeswoman told The Chronicle that the companys preclinical tests have shown early, positive data in developing an immune response. Verndari hopes to move into the next phase of testing in the coming weeks and start clinical trials in humans this year.

If the vaccine is proved effective and safe, patients could receive it through the mail, according to company CEO Dr. Daniel Henderson. The patch would leave a temporary mark on the skin that patients could photograph and send to their doctor as proof they have taken the vaccine, Henderson has said.

Peter Fimrite and J.D. Morris are San Francisco Chronicle staff writers. Email: pfimrite@sfchronicle.com, jd.morris@sfchronicle.com Twitter: @pfimrite, @thejdmorris

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Efforts at coronavirus vaccines and treatments abound in the Bay Area - San Francisco Chronicle

New Preclinical Data Demonstrates Immune-Enhancing Effects of Triple I/O Combination Therapy with BeyondSpring’s Plinabulin – GlobeNewswire

June 23, 2020 08:00 ET | Source: BeyondSpring, Inc.

Research Presented at 2020 AACR Virtual Annual Meeting

The Triple I/O Combination of Plinabulin, Anti-PD-1 and Radiation Achieved a 100 Percent Complete Response in Anti-PD-1 Non-responsive Animal Model

Triple I/O Combination to Be Administered to Patients Who Failed I/O in Second Half of 2020

NEW YORK, June 23, 2020 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- BeyondSpring (the Company or BeyondSpring) (NASDAQ: BYSI), a global biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of innovative immuno-oncology (I/O) therapies, today announced new preclinical research findings that indicate BeyondSprings lead asset, Plinabulin, enhances immuno-radiotherapy for cancer patients. The results of this preclinical study was highlighted in a poster presentation titled, Plinabulin, a microtubule destabilizing agent, improves tumor control by enhancing dendritic cell maturation and CD8 T cell infiltration in combination with immunoradiotherapy, at this years American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Virtual Annual Meeting on June 22, 2020.

Based on these preclinical findings, including a 100% complete response of the triple I/O combination of Plinabulin, anti-PD-1, and radiation in a PD-1 antibody non-responsive model, the compound is being advanced toward a Phase 1 clinical trial in patients who failed or progressed on PD-1 / PD-L1 antibody treatments. Principal investigator Steven H. Lin,M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of radiation oncology at The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, presented the research data.

The experiments from my lab demonstrated that Plinabulin treatment in murine cancer models leads to activation of antigen-presenting dendritic cells, said Dr. Lin. The combination therapy with Plinabulin, anti-PD-1 therapy and radiation therapy further activated the immune system, resulting in increased T-cell activation, which is associated with increased tumor regressions.

Additional data highlights include:

The above data presentation is available on the Posters page of BeyondSprings website at: https://www.beyondspringpharma.com/conferences/list.aspx?lcid=3.

Peer-reviewed 2019 publications in Chem and Cell Reports demonstrated that Plinabulin is differentiated from all other tubulin-targeted agents through its binding site and kinetics and is among the most potent agents that induce dendritic cell maturation. Dendritic cells are key immune cell types in the activation of the immune system against cancer cells, but currently approved immuno-oncology agents, such as antibodies to PD-1, only take the brakes off of T-cells without activating antigen-presenting cells that stimulate T-cells to attack foreign proteins expressed by cancer cells.

We believe that the activation of dendritic cells is a key to unlocking the next boost to the efficacy of immuno-oncology agents, said Dr. James Tonra, BeyondSprings Chief Scientific Officer. Activated dendritic cells present foreign tumor antigens to T-cells to induce cancer-directed immune attacks. Thus, adding this critical step of dendritic cell activation in the immune cascade to the established effects of immune checkpoint inhibition therapies is expected to increase overall anti-cancer efficacy in the clinic. Our anti-cancer strategy was to activate dendritic cells and T-cells, in combination with checkpoint inhibition and to add onto the benefits of neoantigen generation and immune activation from radiotherapy, as Plinabulin serves as the key to reverse the tumor non-response to PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies. The data strongly indicates that this triple combination has enough potential to move into clinical testing to help patients who failed or had progressed on anti-PD-1/PD-L1 targeted therapy, a severely unmet medical need.

About BeyondSpring BeyondSpring is a global, clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of innovative immuno-oncology cancer therapies. BeyondSprings lead asset, first-in-class agent Plinabulin as an immune and stem cell modulator, is in a Phase 3 global clinical trial as a direct anticancer agent in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and two Phase 3 clinical programs in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). BeyondSpring has strong R&D capabilities with a robust pipeline in addition to Plinabulin, including three immuno-oncology assets and a drug discovery platform using the ubiquitination degradation pathway. The Company also has a seasoned management team with many years of experience bringing drugs to the global market.

About Plinabulin Plinabulin, BeyondSprings lead asset, is a differentiated immune and stem cell modulator. Plinabulin is currently in late-stage clinical development to increase overall survival in cancer patients, as well as to alleviate chemotherapy-induced neutropenia (CIN). The durable anticancer benefits of Plinabulin have been associated with its effect as a potent antigen-presenting cell (APC) inducer (through dendritic cell maturation) and T-cell activation (Chem and Cell Reports, 2019). Plinabulins CIN data highlights the ability to boost the number of hematopoietic stem / progenitor cells (HSPCs), or lineage-/cKit+/Sca1+ (LSK) cells in mice. Effects on HSPCs could explain the ability of Plinabulin to not only treat CIN but also to reduce chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia and increase circulating CD34+ cells in patients.

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements This press release includes forward-looking statements that are not historical facts. Words such as "will," "expect," "anticipate," "plan," "believe," "design," "may," "future," "estimate," "predict," "objective," "goal," or variations thereof and variations of such words and similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on BeyondSpring's current knowledge and its present beliefs and expectations regarding possible future events and are subject to risks, uncertainties and assumptions. Actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors including, but not limited to, difficulties raising the anticipated amount needed to finance the Company's future operations on terms acceptable to the Company, if at all, unexpected results of clinical trials, delays or denial in regulatory approval process, results that do not meet our expectations regarding the potential safety, the ultimate efficacy or clinical utility of our product candidates, increased competition in the market, and other risks described in BeyondSprings most recent Form 20-F on file with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. All forward-looking statements made herein speak only as of the date of this release and BeyondSpring undertakes no obligation to update publicly such forward-looking statements to reflect subsequent events or circumstances, except as otherwise required by law.

Media Contacts Caitlin Kasunich / Raquel Cona KCSA Strategic Communications 212.896.1241 / 212.896.1276 ckasunich@kcsa.com / rcona@kcsa.com

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New Preclinical Data Demonstrates Immune-Enhancing Effects of Triple I/O Combination Therapy with BeyondSpring's Plinabulin - GlobeNewswire

Michael Schumacher: Everything There Is to Know About His Health, Condition, and Accident – Essentially Sports

Fate can be cruel at times. Even if youre on top of the world, having achieved everything, fate can snatch it all away in an instant. Michael Schumacher retired from F1 for the second time in 2012 but he didnt get very long to enjoy his time off from the racetrack. Heres everything we know about the F1 legend today and what happened on the fateful day of his skiing accident.

Before diving into the details, be warned that a lot of this information is mere speculation. The Schumacher family has rightfully kept the German drivers health condition under wraps. Therefore, take this information with a pinch of salt.

On December 29, 2013, mere days away from his 44th birthday, Michael Schumacher suffered a near-fatal accident whilst skiing in the French Alps. The 7 times World Champions head hit a rock while crossing an unpatrolled skiing area. Thankfully, he survived because of his ski helmet. However, his injuries were severe.

Brain injury resulted in Schumacher being placed in a medically induced coma. Michael regained consciousness only in June 2014. Following this, Schumacher left the hospital to recover and rehabilitate from his home in Switzerland.

There have been several conflicting reports regarding Schumachers condition and proceeding sequence of events. Some reports claim the 7 times World Champion is paralyzed and confined to a wheelchair. Moreover, some sources suggest Schumacher has difficulty speaking and is suffering from memory loss.

His family hasnt gone on record to speak about the F1 legends health. However, his manager revealed that Michael was slowly progressing and making small steps towards recovery.

Recently, many reports surfaced, claiming Schumacher was to undergo surgery. Allegedly, doctors planned on performing a stem cell surgery to regenerate Michaels nervous system.

The Schumacher family denied these reports, claiming they wouldnt opt for surgery, given the present condition. However, its still unclear if Schumacher does undergo surgery if and when the Coronavirus situation improves.

Michael Schumacher almost seemed immortal during his period of F1 domination. Schumacher always believed in never giving up and we can only hope The Michael conquers his injuries as soon as possible.

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Michael Schumacher: Everything There Is to Know About His Health, Condition, and Accident - Essentially Sports

[Herald Interview] Spinning cord blood into stem cell therapies – The Korea Herald

Medipost CEO Yang Yoon-sun (Lim Jeong-yeo/The Korea Herald)

Her journey as a professor of pathology at Samsung Medical Center to head of a cord blood stem cell research company at the age of 37 came with prejudices, challenges and pitfalls, but also with encouragement, conviction and immense potential.

Cord blood is that inside the umbilical cord that connects the baby and mother, and can be ethically, and legally, procured after a babys birth. Despite containing one of the most potent types of stem cell and possibilities for vast medicinal repurposing, cord blood has often been discarded due to a lack of technology to refine it, Yang said.

In 2000, the concept of processing raw cord blood for stem cell therapies was still in a nascent stage across the world.

Soon Yang came to realize that research on cord blood should be approached commercially rather than academically to fast-track the development of consequential treatments.

The conviction was supported by her colleagues, and further fostered by a nationwide boom in startups.

Yang met obstetricians and gynecologists nationwide to help persuade laboring mothers to donate the otherwise unusable blood.

Medipost humbly started out in a rented laboratory of a Doosan Group research facility in Yongin, Gyeonggi Province, on June 26, 2000.

The company soon got listed on Koreas tech-heavy secondary bourse Kosdaq in 2005. In 2019, the company posted roughly 45.8 billion won ($37.9 million) in revenue with a net loss of over 14.1 billion won.

Medipost now operates from a self-owned building with 14 levels in the biocluster of Pangyo, Seongnam in Gyeonggi Province. Some 200 full-time employees work for Medipost, with entities strewn in global locations such as the US, China and Japan.

It has seven subsidiaries, three of which are Medipost America, Shandong Orlife Pharmaceutical and Evastem Corp., located overseas in the US, China and Japan, respectively.

Medipost, the embodiment of Yangs visions, has three business pillars: its cord blood bank, cell therapy developments and health supplements.

The companys main revenue source is the cord blood bank, where over 259,000 children have their cord blood stored, with more being added. It roughly costs around 1.4 million won to store a vial containing cord blood for 15 years, and 4 million won to store it for a lifetime.

Celltree cord blood bank (Medipost)

Most recently, Winter Sonata actor Choi Ji-woo decided to store the cord blood of her first daughter, whom she gave birth to at age 45.

It was not always a smooth ride, as soon after the companys initial public offering, there broke out the ethical scandal of embryonic stem cell research that clouded the general perception of stem cell research in the public eye. More than once the companys revenue has taken a dive of 50 percent.

However, Yang has no regrets.

As for me, every step was an unexpected challenge and overcoming each hardship taught me to be prepared for anything to maintain business stability, Yang said in an interview with The Korea Herald.

Cord blood, Yang said, is an immune response-safe therapeutic insurance in case the children and their families face incurable diseases such as leukemia, refractory anemia, immune disorders, cerebral palsy, developmental disorders or various forms of cancer.

If the babys cord blood is used to treat the same baby, it would be called an autologous therapy. If used for another family member, that is an allogenic therapy.

Cartistem, an allogenic osteoarthritis treatment that was approved by the local Drug Ministry in 2012, is the next biggest contributor to Mediposts business growth, as well as a balm to the knee problems of seniors.

Celltree cord blood bank (Medipost)

Cartistem is a stem cell therapeutic agent for cartilage regeneration crafted from Mediposts pool of research-purpose cord blood. Once surgically applied to the affected region, the drug has been successful in triggering regrowth of knee cartilage in 98 percent of the 103 patients treated in clinical phase 3 trials.

Medipost counts over 16,000 patients who have so far benefited from the use of Cartistem in the eight years the drug has been in service. It is prescribed at some 550 hospitals here.

The therapy has currently finished clinical phase 1 and 2a trials in the US to launch there, and is pending phase 2 clinical trials in Japan with aims to start tests in July. As it would require a great volume of funding to carry out wide-scale clinical phase 3 trials in the US, it might be Japan where Cartistem launches first, Yang said.

SK Bioland, an SK Group subsidiary, in-licensed Cartistems indication for ankle joint inflammation at end-2019 to carry out clinical phase 3 trials and have full domestic rights to the drugs use for ankle therapy.

Other than Cartistem, Medipost has Pneumostem, Neurostem and SMUP-Cell injections under developments.

Pneumostem is a stem cell therapy for prematurely born babies lung fibrosis. Unlike adult lung fibrosis, which has numerous causes and is sometimes isolated, newborn babies lung problems have a singular cause and therefore a clearer path of tackling it.

Pneumostem is undergoing clinical phase 2 trials in Korea and has completed phase 1 and 2 clinical trials in the US. It has been designated by the US Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicines Agency as an orphan drug, granting it government assistance as it would otherwise prove unprofitable due to its limited scope, and it has the FDAs fast track designation. Once its efficacy is proved, it may attempt to expand Penumostems indications to other forms of lung inflammation, including COVID-19, Yang said.

Neurostem is a proposed Alzheimers disease stem cell therapy. It is believed to promote the degradation of beta-amyloid, and accumulation in the brain is believed to cause Alzheimers-type dementia. The pipeline has completed phase 1 and 2a clinical trials in Korea, and has been cleared for the FDAs phase 1 and 2 investigational new drug application.

SMUP-Cell, an injectable type innovative knee joint treatment, saves patients the trouble of undergoing intrusive surgery. Medipost has finished administrating the cell therapy to the first round of clinical phase 1 trials and has begun the five-year tracking of patients progress. If the drug makes it to commercial stage, it would be a groundbreaking solution for patients of joint inflammation who are in pain, but not at the stage yet to go under the knife.

At its basement in Pangyo, Medipost has enough space to install more cord blood tanks to last the next 20 years.

Our only goal should be to provide stem cell regenerative therapy to patients whose predicament previously had no life-extending solution. If we save one patient -- while to us it may just be one person, it is 100 percent to the patient themselves. That is our step-by-step approach, said Yang.

By Lim Jeong-yeo (kaylalim@heraldcorp.com)

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[Herald Interview] Spinning cord blood into stem cell therapies - The Korea Herald

Children’s Hospital Los Angeles Ranked No. 1 Children’s Hospital in the Western U.S., No. 5 Nationally for Second Straight Year – Business Wire

LOS ANGELES--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Children's Hospital Los Angeles (CHLA) ranks again among the nations premier destinations for pediatric care, according to the U.S. News & World Report Best Children's Hospitals annual list released today.

CHLA not only retained its national No. 5 ranking in U.S. News Honor Roll of Best Childrens Hospitalswhich recognizes institutions with the most outstanding pediatric clinical careit continued its four-year streak of being the highest-scoring childrens hospital in the entire Western United States.

To make U.S. News & World Reports prestigious Best Childrens Hospitals Honor Roll, one must demonstrate the strongest achievements in clinical excellence, with a matchless team of expert, compassionate specialists committed to research and education as well as protocols that drive safety and quality and consistently lead to the best health outcomes for patients, says CHLA President and Chief Executive Officer Paul S. Viviano. "This honor affirms the work of every CHLA team member and our belief that when parents choose Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, they are choosing the best care for kids."

Every year, U.S. News scores nearly every major hospital and health system in the country and ranks them according to performance benchmarks, peer review, certifications, and other data provided by the hospital and third-party measurements of excellence. Children's hospitals are ranked separately from other facilities due to the specialized expertise, equipment and facilities required to care for infants, children and youth.

This year, U.S. News surveyed 118 pediatric medical centers, including hospitals that are freestanding or part of a larger institution. CHLA improved its ranking over last year in seven of the 10 pediatric specialty categories the survey considers, including a number two ranking for Neonatal Care. In all, the hospital earned top-10 recognition in seven of those categories:

CHLA has an organization-wide commitment to providing our patients the care they need no matter their circumstances, says CHLA Chief Medical Officer James Stein, M.D., MSc. "Our clinical teams often treat the most acute cases that are outside the scope or expertise of other childrens hospitals in California, and being named a Top-5 childrens hospital in the U.S. is a testament to the clinicians and staff who work every day to make sure each child receives the best care and experience possible.

Founded in 1901, Children's Hospital Los Angeles is a pediatric academic medical center built around its mission of creating hope and building healthier futures for children. Renowned for its world-class clinical care, leading-edge research and one of the largest and most successful pediatric training programs in the countryall while being the pediatric safety net hospital for the entire regionCHLA now sees more than 600,000 patient visits annually between its main hospital and five neighborhood care clinics.

CHLA physicians, nurses and clinical staff provide compassionate and lifesaving pediatric care for patients ranging from infants to young adults, hailing from all 50 states and more than 75 countries. Clinical care is led by physicians who are faculty members of the Keck School of Medicine of USC. Many of the hospital's achievements in care are made possible through a cohesive relationship between clinical experts at the bedside and the basic, translational, and clinical research conducted in The Saban Research Institute of CHLA.

In the past year, CHLA has had several notable achievements, including:

U.S. News & World Report works with research firm RTI International to develop its annual Best Children's Hospitals list, a collaboration between hospitals and the magazine to benchmark the performance of childrens hospitals for the benefit of parents and their children. The survey evaluates hundreds of data points, including patient survival and surgical complication rates; staffing, technology and special services; infection prevention and delivery of care; reputation among peer physicians nationwide (i.e. Where would the best pediatric specialists send their kids?); how involved parents are in their childrens care; and many other measurements of excellence.

U.S. News Media Group, parent of U.S. News & World Report, announced the 2020-21 hospital rankings online at 12:01 a.m. EDT on Tuesday, June 16. For additional information, please visit the Best Childrens Hospitals Honor Roll and specialty rankings page at usnews.com/childrenshospitals.

About Children's Hospital Los Angeles

Founded in 1901, Children's Hospital Los Angeles is ranked the top childrens hospital in California and fifth in the nation for clinical excellence with its selection to the prestigious U.S. News & World Report Honor Roll of childrens hospitals. Clinical care is led by physicians who are faculty members of the Keck School of Medicine of USC through an affiliation dating from 1932. The hospital also leads the largest pediatric residency training program at a freestanding childrens hospital of its kind in the western United States. The Saban Research Institute of Childrens Hospital Los Angeles encompasses basic, translational and clinical research conducted at CHLA. The hospitals Center for Global Health facilitates services for international patients from more than 75 countries. To learn more, follow us on Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn and Twitter, and visit our blog for families (CHLA.org/blog) and our research blog (ResearCHLABlog.org).

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Children's Hospital Los Angeles Ranked No. 1 Children's Hospital in the Western U.S., No. 5 Nationally for Second Straight Year - Business Wire

Upgraded Regenerative Stem Cell Exosome Joint Injection Medical Therapy Launched – Newswire

Enhanced, chronic joint pain treatment has been launched by The Aspen Institute for Regenerative Medicine. Dr. Gershon helps patients nationwide to overcome pain and injury.

(Newswire.net -- June 20, 2020) -- Enhanced, chronic joint pain treatment has been launched by The Aspen Institute for Regenerative Medicine. Dr. Gershon helps patients nationwide to overcome pain and injury while avoiding surgery.

The Aspen Institute for Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine has launched an updated service for nationwide patients. Anyone across the US needing the very best in stem cell therapy and exosome treatments can get in touch wit Dr Julian Gershon Jr. He is triple board certified in Family Medicine, Sports Medicine, and Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine, with decades of experience in stem cell therapy. He specializes in chronic joint pain primarily in the shoulders, knees, hips, and ankles.

More information can be found at: https://www.aspen-regenerativemedicine.com

Aspen Institute for Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine has developed a reputation for excellent service and exceeding client expectations. This has led to the Aspen Institute becoming a nationwide leader in the latest cutting-edge non-invasive treatments for chronic joint pain and healthier aging. Their focus has been on shifting from disease management medicine to optimal health and quality of life based medicine.

Now, through their newly updated services, the Aspen Institute is providing nationwide clients with stem cell therapy, exosome therapy, bio-identical hormone therapy, protein rich plasma PRP injections, and other healthcare solutions that can both improve and maintain beauty and health.

Treatments are centered around regenerative medicine that is evidence based, proactive, and synergistic. In this way, the Aspen Institute for Anti-Aging and Regenerative Medicine help patients to regain control over their health and enjoy happier, healthier, and more active lives.

They serve professional athletes and discerning clientele that demand the very best in alternatives to surgery. The team uses cutting-edge technology for umbilical cord and blood-derived stem cell procedures. Clients come from Denver, across the USA, and further to receive the highest quality treatments available in the world.

Athletes also benefit from an on-site board-certified sports medicine physician. For those seeking stem cell therapy, exosome therapy, and the best regenerative medicine, The Aspen Institute offers the highest quality results that can be achieved at this time.

Alternatives to surgery can be found with non-invasive treatments, anti-aging solutions, and regenerative platelet-rich plasma therapy.

Nationwide patients can visit Dr Julian Robert Gershon Jr in Lakewood or Aspen to discuss their health requirements. The treatments on offer are ideally suited to combating Achilles tendinitis and tears, back pain, arthritis, hip pain, knee pain, neck pain, tennis elbow, and more.

Patients benefit from non-invasive treatments that allow them to get back to fitness faster. These are pain free, and offer increased tissue repair. They also help with the reduction of inflammation and promote new blood vessel growth.

Full details can be found on the URL above.

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Upgraded Regenerative Stem Cell Exosome Joint Injection Medical Therapy Launched - Newswire

Joint Pain Injections Market In Depth Research with Industry Driving Factors and Forecast 2028 | Anika Therapeutics, Inc., Bioventus, Ferring…

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North America, Western Europe, and Asia Pacific by region are estimated to dominate the joint pain injections market during the forecast period. These regions have been market leaders for the overall healthcare sector in terms of technological developments and advanced medical treatments. Moreover, the government policies have been favourable for the growth of the healthcare infrastructure in these regions. North America and Western Europe have an established healthcare infrastructure for product innovations and early adaptations. This is expected to drive the demand for joint pain injections market during the forecast period.

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The US, Germany, France, UK, Canada, and Spain have been some the major markets in the region. Asia Pacific is estimated to register one of highest CAGR for joint pain injections market during the forecast period. This region has witnessed strategic investments by global companies to cater the growing demand in the recent years. China, Japan, India, South Korea, and Australia are amongst some of the key countries for joint pain injections market in the region. Other regions including Middle East, Eastern Europe, and Rest of the World (South America and Africa) are estimated to be emerging markets for joint pain injections market during the forecast period.

This report provides: 1) An overview of the global market for joint pain injections market and related technologies. 2) Analysis of global market trends, yearly estimates and annual growth rate projections for compounds (CAGRs).

3) Identification of new market opportunities and targeted consumer marketing strategies for global joint pain injections market . 4) Analysis of R&D and demand for new technologies and new applications 5) Extensive company profiles of key players in industry.

The researchers have studied the market in depth and have developed important segments such as product type, application and region. Each and every segment and its sub-segments are analyzed based on their market share, growth prospects and CAGR. Each market segment offers in-depth, both qualitative and quantitative information on market outlook.

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Major Companies: 1. Anika Therapeutics, Inc. 2.Bioventus, Ferring Pharmaceuticals Inc. 3.Sanofi 4. Zimmer Biomet.

Market Segmentation: By Type of Injection: o Steroid Joint Injections o Hyaluronic Acid Injections o Platelet-rich Plasma (PRP) Injections o Placental Tissue Matrix (PTM) Injections

By Application: o Shoulder & Elbow o Knee & Ankle o Spinal Joints o Hip Joint

By Region: North America Joint Pain Injections Market o North America, by Country o US o Canada o Mexico o North America, by Type of Injection o North America, by Application

Europe Joint Pain Injections Market o Europe, by Country o Germany o Russia o UK o France o Italy o Spain o The Netherlands o Rest of Europe o Europe, by Type of Injection o Europe, by Application

Asia Pacific Joint Pain Injections Market o Asia Pacific, by Country o China o India o Japan o South Korea o Australia o Indonesia o Rest of Asia Pacific o Asia Pacific, by Type of Injection o Asia Pacific, by Application

Middle East & Africa Joint Pain Injections Market o Middle East & Africa, by Country o UAE o Saudi Arabia o Qatar o South Africa o Rest of Middle East & Africa o Middle East & Africa, by Type of Injection o Middle East & Africa, by Application

South America Joint Pain Injections Market o South America, by Country o Brazil o Argentina o Colombia o Rest of South America o South America, by Type of Injection o South America, by Application

Years Covered in the Study: Historic Year: 2017-2018 Base Year: 2019 Estimated Year: 2020 Forecast Year: 2028

Objectives of this report: o To estimate market size for joint pain injections market on regional and global basis. o To identify major segments in joint pain injections market and evaluate their market shares and demand.

o To provide a competitive scenario for the joint pain injections market with major developments observed by key companies in the historic years. o To evaluate key factors governing the dynamics of joint pain injections market with their potential gravity during the forecast period.

Reasons to Buy This Report: o Provides niche insights for decision about every possible segment helping in strategic decision making process. o Market size estimation of the joint pain injections market on a regional and global basis. o A unique research design for market size estimation and forecast. o Identification of major companies operating in the market with related developments o Exhaustive scope to cover all the possible segments helping every stakeholder in the joint pain injections

Customization: This study is customized to meet your specific requirements: o By Segment o By Sub-segment o By Region/Country o Product Specific Competitive Analysis

Contact: Quince Market Insights Ajay D. (Knowledge Partner) Office No- A109 Pune, Maharashtra 411028 Phone: +91 706 672 4848 +1 208 405 2835 / +44 121 364 6144 / Email: sales@quincemarketinsights.com Web:www.quincemarketinsights.com

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Joint Pain Injections Market In Depth Research with Industry Driving Factors and Forecast 2028 | Anika Therapeutics, Inc., Bioventus, Ferring...

Global Stem Cell and Primary Cell Culture Medium Market Dynamics, Production, Supply and Demand Forecast covered in the Latest Research Available at…

Stem Cells are a class of cells that have unlimited or immortal self-renewal ability, capable of producing at least one type of highly differentiated progeny cells. Primary Cells are cells that are cultured immediately after removal from the body. Stem Cell and Primary Cell Cultures are specialized systems, and as such developing and manufacturing media for these systems come with inherent complexities.

The global Stem Cell and Primary Cell Culture Medium market is valued at US$ xx million in 2020 is expected to reach US$ xx million by the end of 2026, growing at a CAGR of xx% during 2021-2026.

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(This is our latest offering and this report also analyzes the impact of COVID-19 on Stem Cell and Primary Cell Culture Medium market and updated by the current situation, especially the forecast)

The research report has incorporated the analysis of different factors that augment the markets growth. It constitutes trends, restraints, and drivers that transform the market in either a positive or negative manner. This section also provides the scope of different segments and applications that can potentially influence the market in the future. The detailed information is based on current trends and historic milestones. This section also provides an analysis of the volume of production about the global market and also about each type from 2015 to 2026. This section mentions the volume of production by region from 2015 to 2026. Pricing analysis is included in the report according to each type from the year 2015 to 2026, manufacturer from 2015 to 2020, region from 2015 to 2020, and global price from 2015 to 2026.

A thorough evaluation of the restrains included in the report portrays the contrast to drivers and gives room for strategic planning. Factors that overshadow the market growth are pivotal as they can be understood to devise different bends for getting hold of the lucrative opportunities that are present in the ever-growing market. Additionally, insights into market experts opinions have been taken to understand the market better.

The major players in the market include Merck, STEMCELL Technologies, Irvinesci, Cell Applications, Inc, Biological Industries, Miltenyi Biotec, Swiss Medica Clinic, Promocell, Creative Biolabs, Lifeline Cell Technology, ScienCell Research Laboratories, Osiris Therapeutics, NuVasive, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, JCR Pharmaceutical, Pharmicell, Medi-post, Anterogen, Molmed, Takeda (TiGenix), etc.

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Global Stem Cell and Primary Cell Culture Medium Market: Regional Analysis

The report offers in-depth assessment of the growth and other aspects of the Stem Cell and Primary Cell Culture Medium market in important regions, including the U.S., Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Italy, Russia, China, Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, Mexico, and Brazil, etc. Key regions covered in the report are North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific and Latin America.

The report has been curated after observing and studying various factors that determine regional growth such as economic, environmental, social, technological, and political status of the particular region. Analysts have studied the data of revenue, production, and manufacturers of each region. This section analyses region-wise revenue and volume for the forecast period of 2015 to 2026. These analyses will help the reader to understand the potential worth of investment in a particular region.

Global Stem Cell and Primary Cell Culture Medium Market: Competitive Landscape

This section of the report identifies various key manufacturers of the market. It helps the reader understand the strategies and collaborations that players are focusing on combat competition in the market. The comprehensive report provides a significant microscopic look at the market. The reader can identify the footprints of the manufacturers by knowing about the global revenue of manufacturers, the global price of manufacturers, and production by manufacturers during the forecast period of 2015 to 2019.

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Global Stem Cell and Primary Cell Culture Medium Market Dynamics, Production, Supply and Demand Forecast covered in the Latest Research Available at...

Docereclinics – Home

Trusted By Experts MARK HYMAN, M.D. Thirteen-time#1 New York Times bestselling author When I decided to undergo stem cell therapy for a nagging injury, I put the word out to people I trust to direct me to the best of the best. Harry Adelson, N.D. was the name that kept coming back to me. The staff members at Docere Clinics are radiantly happy and refreshingly efficient. Dr. Adelson is professional, confident, and caring. Overall, I give Docere Clinics an A+ and enthusiastically recommend them. CARRIE DIULUS, M.D. Spine Surgeon As a Cleveland Clinic trained orthopedic spine surgeon, when I heard about stem cell injections being performed into intervertebral discs and epidurals, I had to see it with my own eyes. When I visited Docere Clinics and watched Dr. Adelson operate, what I discovered was pleasantly surprising. Dr. Adelson is a skilled spine injector, practices flawless sterile technique, is honest and upfront, and is completely professional. Im happy to call Dr. Adelson a trusted colleague and a friend. Vishen Lakhiani Founder Of Mindvalley, Entrepreneur & Education Activist, And Author Of The International Bestseller, The Code Of The Extraordinary Mind I had a painful sciatica that made me miserable. Based on recommendations from people I trust, I sought Dr. Harrys help. To be honest, I was somewhat skeptical because the pain was so intense. To my surprise, after treatment the pain resolved completely. I could hardly believe it! Additionally, the low back pain Id had for almost ten years was eliminated and to this day there is still not a trace of it. I really appreciate the heart of Docere Clinics and the amazing sense of comfort and kindness that surrounds the organization.

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Stem Cell Research: Beyond Federal Restrictions …

From the contentious debate over federal funding for stem cell research, it would be easy to assume that if restrictions were lifted, research would blossom and miraculous therapies would spring up like mushrooms after a downpour. Those who have been following the controversy over federal subsidies know that even if funds were unrestricted, investigators would still have to clear several significant hurdles before treatments derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) could become a reality.

DIFFERENTIATION

Pluripotentiality, the cells' greatest asset, also presents their most basic challenge: directing and controlling their differentiation into a specific cell type, generation after generation, in a consistent and predictable fashion. "Our ability to extract the cell type of interest is still in its infancy," says Douglas Kerr, MD, PhD, associate professor of neurology at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.

Currently, there are at least 2 ways of accomplishing this, explains Kerr. The first is to bathe the undifferentiated cells in a cocktail of growth factors, with recipes varying according to the desired cell type. Kerr and his colleagues used this technique to generate motor neurons from mouse embryonic stem cells, which they implanted into partially paralyzed rats. By suppressing the normal axon-inhibiting properties of myelin and administering glial-cell derived neurotrophic factor into the sciatic nerve, they were able to coax the stem cell-derived neurons to form synapses with the gastrocnemius muscle and achieve a 50% improvement in hind limb grip strength after 4 months.1

This approach does not work with all cells, including dopaminergic neurons, Kerr points out. The second method is to use transcription factors to overexpress a certain cell type, followed by sorting techniques to choose the cells when they start to express a certain phenotype.

Even then, successful differentiation in the limited quantities adequate for basic research is no guarantee that the same method will work in the long term on the commercial scale required for creating a viable human therapy. "You must be able to direct differentiation to one cell type day in and day out, and I don't think most groups have come to grips with that," says Steven Minger, PhD, director of the Stem Cell Biology Laboratory at the Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases at King's College, London, and leader of the first group to develop an hESC line in the United Kingdom. The ability to proliferate over time with no loss of pluripotency or multipotency is one of the minimal requirements for a successful stem cell line, he explains.

TRANSPLANTED CELLS

The fate of the cells once they are transplanted presents another hurdle. "Would the cells survive and multiply and do what you want them to do after they are injected?" asks Thomas Swift, MD, professor emeritus and former chair of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia, Savannah, and president of the American Academy of Neurology (AAN).

The brain is a complicated organ: connections are continually being formed and cells are sprouting and dying. Some neurons in the brain have processes that are a foot long and extend into the spinal cord, Swift explains. Merely injecting stem cells into the brain is no guarantee that they will behave as desired. "You must reestablish the connections and re-create the anatomy. The single biggest question is: are these cells going to be able to reconstruct the anatomy necessary to restore function?"

"You cannot put a new cell into a brain that's been making synaptic connections for 30, 40, or 50 years," adds David Hess, MD, professor and current chair of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia. His own research involves implantation of adult stem cells that secrete factors that promote the growth and development of endogenous neurons and supporting blood vessels.

The potential for adverse effects is another issue that concerns stem cell researchers. An undifferentiated cell injected by mistake could give rise to a teratoma. Immune rejection is also a possibility. There is evidence that hESCs have an "immune-privileged" status, so they fail to elicit much of an immune response, at least in animals.2,3 But research in this area is still in an early phase, and more studies are needed to confirm these findings.

COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION: COMING SOON?

Even after the basic science is figured out, the challenge of churning out cells in the quantities required to make them commercially viable is formidable. At a stem cell conference in London last summer, Minger used the example of pancreatic islet cells for treating diabetes. The average pancreas has a million islets, each of which contains about 5000 cells, so one pa-tient would need approximately 5 billion cells. Multiply that by the millions of diabetic persons worldwide, and the scope of the problem becomes apparent.

One of the issues stem cell researchers are grappling with is the problem of developing suitable culture media. "Right now, very few lines are suitable for human use, because they are derived from systems that have used animal cells and other products. These may contain viruses or other pathogens that may elicit an immune response," Minger explains.

"Any treatment must be commercializable for use in patients," Hess points out. "Human embryonic stem cells are hard to expand and scale up in number without using animal proteins."

At least one company, Geron Corporation of Menlo Park, California, claims that it has developed proprietary methods for the growth, maintenance, and scale-up production of undifferentiated hESCs in culture media that are free of feeder cells, which would reduce concerns over immune rejection. Speaking at the same London conference at which Minger appeared, Thomas Okarma, MD, Geron's chief executive officer, reported that his company has developed scalable manufacturing procedures to differentiate hESCs to therapeutically relevant cell types. "We are now testing 6 different therapeutic cell types in animal models," he said. "In 5 of these cell types, we have preliminary results suggesting efficacy as evidenced by durable engraftment or improvement of organ function in the treated animals."4

The first hESC-derived cells Geron plans to test in humans come from a line of oligodendroglial progenitor cells developed to repair spinal cord injuries. In animal studies, "the cells behaved as if they were making a spinal cord for the first time," Okarma said at the conference. He predicted that clinical trials would begin in the first quarter of 2007.

Kerr, who has participated in some of the Geron research, says that 2008 or 2009 may be a more realistic projection.

Minger, however, believes it will be at least 7 to 15 years before hESC products are ready for commercial use in humans. "We have to learn how to transplant the cells and how much dopamine or insulin or other factors we are going to need. Our major problem is, can we make the cells?" He terms predictions that treatments could appear within 2 to 3 years as "grossly irresponsible," and adds, "when I'm ready to transplant these cells into my mother, that's when we'll be ready to use them clinically."

Sharing this view is the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), the body created in 2004 after the passage of Proposition 71, which approved $3 billion in state funds over 10 years for research on hESCs as a way of getting around federal funding restrictions. On October 4, CIRM stated in its newly released scientific strategic plan that it intends to help bring several promising therapies to clinical trials within the next decade, but that stem cell therapies for routine use were unlikely to appear before then.5

PATENT PROBLEMS

Yet another challenge to the widespread use of hESCs in the United States comes not from a scientific source but a legal one. In fact, some observers believe it has dampened hESC research in the United States as much as federal policy.

In 1994, Ariff Bongso, PhD, an embryologist at the University of Singapore, became the first person to successfully isolate hESCs from 5-day-old human blastocysts. He followed that up in 2002 by developing a method for culturing the cells in media free of animal products, thus clearing one of the most significant hurdles to clinical research.

While Bongso showed that hESCs could be isolated, he was unable to maintain a viable cell line. That was achieved in 1998 by James Thomson, PhD, a veterinarian and developmental biologist at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. The United States Patent and Trademark Office awarded Thomson 3 patents based on his research, but as a University of Wisconsin employee, he turned them over to the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF), a nonprofit group established in the 1920s to handle the school's intellectual property revenues.

Essentially, the patents give WARF the rights to all hESCs developed in the United States. Through them, the foundation claims the right to demand fees, royalties, and annual payments from commercial users of hESCs--not only from the lines developed at the University of Wisconsin but from virtually every hESC line available. WARF imposes fees ranging from $75,000 to $400,000, depending on a company's size and the terms of its license. Currently, Geron holds the exclusive commercial rights from WARF to nerve, heart, and pancreatic cells derived from hESCs.

"We would argue that WARF's position has driven scientists out of the United States as much as the federal funding issues," says John Simpson, stem cell project director for the Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights, a California consumer rights group. "It has a chilling effect on the exchange of scientific ideas, and it interferes with smaller companies being able to get venture capital funding for their research," he tells Applied Neurology.

The WARF patents could also prevent the public from benefiting from research that it has subsidized. For example, CIRM executives have stated they would like to receive royalties on research funded by the institute as a way of giving taxpayers a return on their dollars, but much of those funds would be wiped out if WARF insists on receiving its share. The Juvenile Diabetes Foundation has begun awarding grants to stem cell researchers in other countries, claiming it finds WARF's demands too onerous.6

Last July, Simpson's organization, along with the Public Patent Foundation, requested a formal review of WARF's stem cell patents on the grounds that the patents inhibit scientific enquiry. They argue that Thomson just took technology that had been described for isolating animal stem cells as early as 1983 and applied it to human cells. "Patenting embryonic stem cells is like patenting food just because you can cook," Simpson wrote in a commentary.6 In October, the patent office agreed to conduct a review of the patents' validity. A final decision could take several years.

ALTERNATIVES

Given the political, logistic, and financial impediments to hESC research, many investigators are trying to obtain the information they seek in other ways. Adult stem cells are seen as an alternative. Hess, for one, believes that many investigators underestimate their potential. In his research, models of animal stroke experienced at least a 25% functional improvement following the transplantation of 200,000 to 400,000 multipotent adult progenitor cells derived from bone marrow. Fewer than 1% of the transplanted cells were present in the animals 2 months later, but there was evidence that the rats had developed new neurons, apparently from endogenous stem cells. "There are ways around using embryonic stem cells, and if we took that route we'd be much further ahead than we are now," Hess maintains.

Other experts aren't so sure. "Adult stem cells are a powerful source, but they are not the blank slate mother-of-all-cells that embryonic stem cells are," says Kerr. "You can reprogram to a different fate, but it's very hard. We've tried."

A position statement on the use of stem cells in biomedical research published jointly by the AAN and the American Neurological Association states that "the potential for translating adult stem cell research into therapy is far more uncertain" than that of embryonic stem cells.7 "We don't know the potential of other types of stem cells, like hematopoietic or other adult cells," says Swift, one of the statement's coauthors. "They may have a very wide potential to do all kinds of things, even if it's not as much as embryonic stem cells."

Hess, however, believes that some investigators' political or ethical beliefs may be giving them tunnel vision. "There are alternatives to all of this," he says. "The question is, do we want to look for them?"

REFERENCES1. Deshpande DM, Kim YS, Martinez T, et al. Recovery from paralysis in adult rats using embryonic stem cells. Ann Neurol. 2006;60:32-44. 2. Li L, Baroja ML, Majumdar A, et al. Human embryonic stem cells possess immune-privileged properties. Stem Cells. 2004;22:448-456. 3. Drukker M, Katchman H, Katz G, et al. Human embryonic stem cells and their differentiated derivatives are less susceptible to immune rejection than adult cells. Stem Cells. 2005;24:221-229. 4. Okarma T. Taking hESC-based products into the clinic. Lecture presented at: European Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine Congress; June 7, 2006; London. 5. Foundation for Taxpayer and Consumer Rights. Stem cell institute plan shows refreshing candor consumer advocates say. Press release. October 4, 2006. 6. Simpson JM. The missing link in stem-cell research. Sacramento Bee. July 2, 2006. 7. American Academy of Neurology and the American Neurological Association. Position statement regarding the use of embryonic and adult human stem cells in biomedical research. Neurology. 2005;64:1679-1680.

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