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Types of cancers making people more vulnerable to Covid-19 – Nursing in Practice

By Stem Cell Doctors

Before Covid-19, many people told us that being diagnosed with cancer and going through treatment was the scariest thing that they could imagine.

Now, for the thousands of people who are facing a cancer diagnosis in the midst of a global pandemic, their new reality probably feels more frightening and isolating than ever.

The anxieties and concerns of becoming a cancer patient have not gone away theyve been made worse by this crisis. And its even more concerning to think of the vast numbers of people who have yet to be diagnosed.

These are exceptional circumstances for health and care services, which are working incredibly hard to respond to the challenges presented by Covid-19. The NHS made a vital commitment to ensuring that essential and urgent cancer treatment continued through lockdown, but its fair to say that there have been many challenges.

Hundreds of patients will have dealt with delays and changes to their treatment and NHS staff have been under huge pressure to deliver care while many doctors and nurses have themselves been unwell or in isolation.

Some people with cancer may be at a higher risk during the pandemic. According to official NHS advice1, some types of cancers and cancer treatments have been outlined as making people more vulnerable to Covid-19. This includes those who:

Are having chemotherapy or antibody treatment for cancer, including immunotherapy

Are having an intense course of radiotherapy (radical radiotherapy) for lung cancer

Are having targeted cancer treatments that can affect the immune system (such as protein kinase inhibitors or PARP inhibitors)

Have blood or bone marrow cancer (such as leukaemia, lymphoma or myeloma)

Have had a bone marrow or stem cell transplant in the past sixmonths, or are still taking immunosuppressant medicine

Are taking medicine that makes them much more likely to get infections (such as high doses of steroids or immunosuppressant medicine).

Its important to note that there are other factors that could make someone with cancer more at risk from the coronavirus.

For example, age is a key factor - in the majority of cases the most common age range for patients to be diagnosed with cancer is 59-672, and older age groups are generally more vulnerable to Covid-19.

Most of the deaths from the coronavirus have been people aged over 653. In addition, many people with cancer are also living with other health conditions that increase their risk from the virus, such as heart disease and diabetes.

It is vital that cancer does not become the forgotten C during this pandemic. We know that some people may have been nervous about contacting their GP with possible cancer symptoms or concerned about attending appointments due to fear of contracting coronavirus or concerns of adding pressure on the NHS.

Its important healthcare professionals remind anyone who is experiencing any signs or symptoms of cancer that they should contact their GP as soon as possible4. And we would urge health professionals to support those diagnosed with cancer by informing them to continue with their current treatment, care plan and attend all appointments as planned, unless the patient is specifically advised not to by their healthcare team.

Health professionals up and down the country are doing a fantastic job providing vital care. However, we acknowledge that these are challenging times. Therefore, maintaining good wellbeing is paramount and we encourage professionals to talk about their emotions with either their colleagues, friends or family.

For nurses supporting people living with cancer there are number of places you can visit for advice and to sign post cancer patients to, Check in with your local health teams for the latest coronavirus advice either via your Cancer Alliance and/or local council websites. OrMacmillan provides:

Despite the global pandemic people continue to be diagnosed with cancer, and if cancer doesnt stop than neither can we. The last few months have been incredibly difficult and demanding on nurses. However, I am personally touched by the incredible efforts shown by healthcare professionalsto help those with the coronavirus and those living with cancer.

References:

1 https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/people-at-higher-risk/whos-at-higher-risk-from-coronavirus/

2 https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/incidence/age#heading-Zero

3 https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarri...

4 https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/sites/default/files/nice_-_suspected_ca...

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Types of cancers making people more vulnerable to Covid-19 - Nursing in Practice

They Put Him Back Together Again – University of Michigan Health System News

By Stem Cell Doctors

When Greg Aikens woke up from a coma after a seven-story fall from a parking garage, he was understandably confused.

I slowly began to realize how severe the situation was, says Aikens, a 22-year-old student at the University of Michigan. I woke up eight days after the fall and it was very confusing. It was hard to tell whether the things happening around me were real or just in my head.

The accident, in October 2016, left Aikens unconscious with a frightening list of injuries: a shattered left elbow, open fractures in both tibias and fibulas in his legs, fractures in his left foot and right ankle, a severed pelvis injury, and damage to his chest, bladder and liver, among other injuries to his arteries, skin and head.

He was rushed to Michigan Medicine where he immediately went into the operating room for surgery to his intra-abdominal organs and blood vessels. He would need multiple surgeries to repair all of the damage followed by an extended stay in the Michigan Medicine Trauma Burn Center Intensive Care Unit.

It was a very complex case because of the number of injuries he had sustained and the severity of those injuries, says Jill Cherry-Bukowiec, M.D., an associate professor of surgery at Michigan Medicine and Aikens first surgeon.

The first few days of Aikens time spent at Michigan Medicine was what James Goulet, M.D., a professor of orthopaedic trauma surgery and the lead on Aikens orthopaedic procedures, called the limb- and life-saving phase.

After Cherry-Bukowiec and team performed an exploratory laparotomy, a surgery to open the abdomen and examine the abdominal organs, they were able to repair Aikens damaged gastrointestinal organs and created a temporary colostomy to be used while the organs were healing.

Next, Chandu Vemuri, M.D., an assistant professor of vascular surgery at Michigan Medicine, performed a vascular surgery in which he repaired the posterior tibial artery, the artery that carries blood down to the bottom of the leg and foot, in Aikens right calf.

That surgery was critical to saving Gregs right foot, Goulet says. Without the expertise of Dr. Vemuri and his team, we would have had to consider amputating Gregs foot.

Even though Aikens was in a coma and on a ventilator, he had experienced trauma to his head during the accident that required him to undergo intracranial pressure monitoring, a procedure where a probe is inserted through the skull to measure how much pressure is in the brain. If the pressure is too high, it can lead to serious brain and nervous system injury. Aikens results showed his brain pressure appeared fine.

Over the next few days, Aikens had multiple orthopaedic surgeries to fix the injuries in his back, legs, arm and foot.

Gregs pelvic injury was more complicated than a typical pelvic ring injury, Goulet says. The injury extended into his lower spine, which occurs almost exclusively in high-energy injuries. We used plates and screws to secure the pelvic fractures.

Goulet also says that Aikens nerve injuries were a serious concern.

The neurosurgical team coordinated with us to stabilize the spine adjacent to the pelvis and to decompress the nerve roots, he says. When you have an injury like Greg had in the lower back region, the team wont know at the time if he experienced central or peripheral nervous system injury. If he experienced a central nervous system injury, theres little chance of that being restored. Luckily, it was mainly peripheral nervous injury in his back, which meant much of his muscle function could be restored over time.

In addition to Goulet, Aikens orthopaedic surgery care team included James Carpenter, M.D., Aaron Perdue, M.D., Aidin Eslam Pour, M.D., Paul Talusan, M.D., and Jeffrey Lawton, M.D. He also had a skin graft performed by plastic surgeon Adeyiza Momoh, M.D.

Greg is the reason we do what we do, Goulet says. It speaks to how severe his injuries were that we needed to involve so many different physicians and specialties from across Michigan Medicine to make sure he received the best care possible. All of the care providers, not just physicians, are called to intervene at unscheduled and often late hours, and do this without hesitation for our patients.

Eight days after the accident and with many surgeries behind him, Aikens began to come out of his coma.

The doctors had warned us that he might not be the same when he woke up, says Linda Aikens, Gregs mother. But as soon as he opened his eyes, we knew it was still Greg. His humor started coming back over the next few days and thats when we really knew it was the same Greg.

Aikens also required so much blood over the course of his stay in the hospital that Linda makes it a goal to give blood as much as possible because she knows how much it can help those that need it.

Each surgery really brought success and life back to Greg, Linda says. The nursing care was unbelievable. And when Dr. Matthew Delano was slowly weaning him off of the ventilator and taking out staples, stitches, catheters and casts over the coming weeks, I still remember him saying to me that he wished all patients were as determined to heal as Greg.

Aikens adds, The one-on-one care from my physicians really made a difference for me in recovery.

In addition, the Aikens family found support in their community and from family friend, Kim Eagle, M.D., a cardiologist and a director of the Frankel Cardiovascular Center at Michigan Medicine.

The waiting room was constantly filled with students, friends and family sitting vigil with us through the grueling days of surgeries and the agony of the unknown, Linda says.

And she mentions support even came sometimes from where they least expected it.

My husband, Bruce, left defeated one night after a particularly brutal day and he said see you tomorrow to the valet attendant, Linda says. The attendant said that was a good thing because that meant Greg was still alive. Everyone made such an impression on us, down to the tiniest things.

After weeks in the hospital, Aikens was cleared to go home and start his recovery.

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They Put Him Back Together Again - University of Michigan Health System News

I thought it was just a rash but rare cancer now covers 90% of my skin splitting my hands and feet open – The Sun

By Stem Cell Doctors

WHEN Tony Ferreira developed a small skin rash on his lower back - he assumed it would be gone in a few days.

And given the dad-of-one, 40, had always been fit and healthy, the last thing to cross his mind was that it could be cancer.

4

However, Tony's worst fears became a reality when the rash rapidly spread across his body - causing his feet and hands to split open.

Doctors soon diagnosed the gardener, from Jersey, with a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma called Sezary syndrome - which has now affected about 90 per cent of his body.

Desperate to keep her husband alive, Tony's wife Osvalda is now pleading for a stem cell donor to come forward and save his life.

She said: "We pray that a stranger will help us to continue our lives together for many years to come."

We pray that a stranger will help us to continue our lives together for many years to come

Tony's nightmare first begun in 2012, when he noticed a small rash on his lower back which did not go away.

The rash quickly developed - causing his hands and feet would split open - and Tony then noticed lumps in his groin and under his arms.

Five years on, in 2017, medics diagnosed Tony, originally from Madeira, with a rare form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma called Sezary syndrome.

The condition causes white blood cells to become cancerous and aggressively attack the skin.

4

4

About 90 per cent of Tony's body is now affected by the rare cancer, and his best chance of survival is blood stem cell donation.

His wife is now desperately hoping a stem cell donor will come forward.

The charity DKMS is co-ordinating the worldwide search for a donor, but Tony's Portuguese heritage is making it much more difficult for him to find a match.

Tony's parents and four siblings have been checked as a potential match, but none are suitable.

In March, Tony's doctors decided to treat him with a new anti-cancer chemotherapy drug (mogamulizumab) but the trial was then delayed due to the Covid-19 pandemic.

Osvalda, who worked as a housekeeper for a care home in Jersey, had been keeping the family afloat financially, but was then advised to take temporary leave due to the risk she might contract Covid-19 and pass it on to her husband.

She said: "Tony's condition is bad enough, but for thousands of patients living with cancer in the UK, Covid-19 has delayed many treatments.

"We're not sure yet when we can begin travelling to London for treatment or what the new normal will look like.

"I long to hold Tony's hands again, without his protective gloves on.

4

What is Sezary syndrome?

Sezary syndrome is an aggressive form of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma which is a group of disorders that occur when T-cells (a type of white blood cell) become cancerous and affect the skin.

It is characterised by a widespread red rash that may cover most of the body, the presence of cancerous T cells (called Sezary cells) in the blood, and abnormally enlarged lymph nodes.

Although Sezary syndrome can affect people of all ages, it is most commonly diagnosed in adults over age 60.

The signs and symptoms of this condition can vary but may include:

Affected people may also have an increased risk of developing anotherlymphomaor other type ofcancer.

The exact cause of Sezary syndrome is currently unknown.

Source: Rare Diseases

Treatment varies based on the signs and symptoms present in each person and the severity of the condition.

"Tony has been wearing his blue plastic gloves so long now that I've almost forgotten how his hands feel without them.

"He has such strong hands and holding them would reassure me that everything is going to be all right."

Jonathan Pearce, chief executive officer at DKMS UK, said the charity had seen a 50 per cent drop in the number of people coming forward to be donors due to coronavirus.

He added: "We are hugely concerned about the impact Covid-19 is having on those who rely on a blood stem cell donor.

"While many stem cell transplants are still going ahead, the logistics around supporting blood stem cell donors to travel to hospital, and then arranging the transport of the stem cells to the transplant centre, have become much more challenging and complex.

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"There are also transplants that have been delayed, but once the pandemic is over we know there will be a backlog of patients in urgent need of an unrelated blood stem cell donor.

"Sadly though, in some of those cases there's a risk that the disease could progress further, and a transplant may no longer be possible once this is all over."

People can register for a swab kit here.

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I thought it was just a rash but rare cancer now covers 90% of my skin splitting my hands and feet open - The Sun

‘I was tired and sore and I thought I had a really bad cold’ – 9Honey

By Stem Cell Doctors

Amanda is one of the happiest people you'll ever meet. She's bright, bubbly and endlessly positive.

She's also living with blood cancer, and doctors told her it had most likely been in her system for a year before she was diagnosed in 2018.

The paediatric anesthesiologist and mother-of-two had been feeling tired, but she was living what she described as a "lovely hectic life". Her two daughters were 13 and 10 at time, so there was an easy explanation for her fatigue.

"I used to walk up the hill from Queensland Children's Hospital to the car park after work and I found myself out of breath," Amanda, 53, told 9Honey.

"I thought I was unfit, so I joined a gym."

By September that year she was feeling terrible, and during a family holiday for the school holidays she began "feeling really quite crap".

"I was tired and sore and I thought I had a really bad cold," she said.

She wasn't even able to do any of the driving back home, approximately five hours, and when they got home she went to bed.

That was a Saturday. By Sunday she was even worse, but thought it could be a repeat of a health scare she'd had a decade earlier.

"I'd had pneumonia 10 years ago and at first I didn't realise and kept on working. That was until I got so sick that I couldn't even get up for work one day," she said.

"My husband (Owen) rang the nanny and asked her to check up on me to see if I was alright. She told him, 'I can't wake her up.'"

In that instance, Owen came home and took Amanda to hospital for treatment, and she eventually recovered.

This time, she did have pneumonia again, but it wasn't from working too hard. She'd developed pneumonia because her immune system had been destroyed by a blood cancer called Multiple Myeloma.

Amanda's treating physician, Dr Ian Irving, a clinical haematologist, told 9Honey about the cancer and ways in which it is being treated. He works at the Icon Cancer Centre, Wesley and Mackay and is also the Group Medical Director of the Icon Group Board.

"It's an incurable blood cancer that develops from plasma cells, a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow that form part of the immune system and help protect against infection," he said.

"Approximately 18,000 Australians are living with Multiple Myeloma at any given time, only half of whom will survive five years post- diagnosis."

Amanda knew her outcome was bleak after receiving her diagnosis.

"I thought, 'No I don't have it. That's something old people get, and then they die.' It really felt dismal," she said.

The mum was admitted to hospital for urgent treatment and was anaemic, although she says she still felt calm, she told 9Honey, because she and Owen, also a doctor, were used to clinical settings.

Amanda was even calm when later that night she started having trouble breathing. She mentioned it to the nurse. She didn't make a big deal about it at all.

"I told the nurse, 'I'm not breathing very well' and she checked my stats and said they weren't good," Amanda recalled.

"The ward doctor came down and did some tests. By that stage I was so tired and everyone was so lovely. When they said they were taking me to intensive care to ventilate me, I remember thinking it was a good idea because I was tired of breathing."

While she was being wheeled to ICU, hospital staff rang Owen and told him they were ventilating her because she was suffering from respiratory failure and they couldn't wait for him to arrive as her situation was critical.

"I hadn't really cottoned on that I may not wake up," she said.

"I think it was more alarming for Owen and the children because I was ventilated for two days."

Looking back, Amanda realises she was one of the lucky ones.

"I was young enough to get a stem cell transplant. If you are under 65-70 and you get Myeloma, you can get a stem cell transplant. They don't do it on older patients because they don't normally survive it."

Her treatment plan involved chemotherapy, steroids and stem cell transplants. Not all of it worked, but after two types of chemotherapy, the steroids which she says triggered ridiculous mood swings and two stem cell transplants in May and August 2019, the first of which took her six-and-a-half weeks to recover from.

Her hair fell out for the first time on Mother's Day.

Amanda hasn't yet returned to 'fully healthy', but is much better than she was when she was first diagnosed.

"There's evidence to show that exercise helps with the nausea of chemo and so I've been walking the dog and doing resistance sessions at the gym," she said.

"I used to swim in a pool but I can't now because of my low immune system. I can swim in the ocean but I'm photosensitive now and very intolerant to heat following treatment, so we go early in the morning or late in the afternoon."

The COVID-19 pandemic meant staying at home in isolation early in 2020, and remaining there. Amanda isn't sure when she'll be well enough to return to work as hospitals will expose her to too many illnesses.

"When we told the kids we tried not to make too much of big deal out of it," she said.

"I think they've done really well. Obviously it has been tough for them and we don't live near many relatives who can help us. They pitched in, cooking dinner and sorting and helping their dad out around the house."

"I think it was good for them. Now I am proud to say that I have two independent daughters who have learnt to do a lot for themselves. They will become strong, independent women."

Amanda has even enjoyed her long break from work as she's been able to spend more time at home with her children, now aged 15 and 12.

"During the 18 months I haven't worked I've been with the kids and they are teenagers so it has been nice to just be around them," she said.

"I'm not glad this happened but I have tried to morph this into something positive."

Amanda hopes that by sharing her story she raises public awareness of Multiple Myeloma.

"It is so important as it is a lot more common than people think," she said.

"It is important that more people understand the different ways that the disease presents so they can seek advice from their doctor should they experience any of the symptoms."

Amanda has been able to access a new combination of medications to keep her in remission, including some recently added to the PBS including REVLIMID (lenalidomide), bortezomib (Velcade) and dexamethasone (not new, has been around for years) (RVd).

Known as a triplet therapy, each drug in the RVd combination has a different mechanism of action to kill myeloma cells, and all work together to help fight the disease.

Amanda feels grateful to be able to access the new treatments which are working to keep her blood cancer at bay.

"It doesn't seem right that people get better access to treatment if they have more money, especially this year when many people have become unemployed due to COVID-19," she said.

Amanda had plenty of time to read during her time off from work and in between treatments. She said one book in particular helped her greatly: Curveballs by Emma Markezic who was diagnosed with aggressive breast cancer in her early thirties.

"In the book she talks about a happiness study where they followed someone who won a lot of money and someone who had suffered a spinal cord injury and would have to spend the rest of their lives in a wheelchair," Amanda recalled.

"At first, the money winner was happier and the spinal cord victim was unhappy but a year later they found their happiness score was the same. I've discovered that a lot of fighting cancer is getting your head around it and your attitude determines how you feel."

While returning to work isn't on the cards, Amanda has been training to be a Lifeline Crisis Worker.

"I got part of the way through the training when COVID hit, but I'm hoping to start again next month," she said.

Although she does hope to return to her original work as a paediatric anesthesiologist "once COVID is gone".

"You can't cure Multiple Myeloma, it's not like other cancers. I'm in remission and I take medication to keep me in remission, but you always have it.

"Sometimes it doesn't come back for 10 years, sometimes it comes back in three months. I just want to make the most out of my life and try and make a difference for someone else."

Find out more about Myeloma blood cancer by visiting the Myeloma Australia website.

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'I was tired and sore and I thought I had a really bad cold' - 9Honey

Study identifies mechanism affecting X chromosome that could lead to new disease therapies – Science Codex

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have identified a key mechanism in X chromosome inactivation, a phenomenon that may hold clues that lead to treatments for certain rare congenital disorders.

Their findings, published in the journal Developmental Cell on June 11, 2020, may also aid in the creation of novel medicines for certain cancers.

Female humans and other mammals have two copies of the X chromosome in each of their cells. Both X chromosomes contain many genes, so only one of the pair can be active; having both X chromosomes expressing genes would be toxic to the cell.

For this reason, female mammals developed a mechanism called X chromosome inactivation, which silences one chromosome, explains Jeannie Lee, MD, PhD, of the Department of Molecular Biology at MGH, senior author of the Developmental Cell study.

Learning how to inactivate and reactivate an X chromosome would have important implications for medicine. A notable category of beneficiaries could be people with certain congenital diseases known as X-linked disorders, which are caused by mutations in genes on the X chromosome.

One example is Rett syndrome, a disorder brought on by a mutation in a gene called MECP2 that almost always occurs in girls and results in profound problems with language, learning, coordination, and other brain functions.

In theory, it may be possible to treat a disorder like Rett syndrome by reactivating the X chromosome. "Why don't we put the dormant X chromosome to work and rescue the cells that are lacking a proper copy of MECP2?" asks Lee.

The goal of X chromosome reactivation has led scientists to focus on epigenetic factors, which turn genes "on" or "off" without altering the genetic code. Silencing genes on the X chromosome occurs when a form of noncoding RNA called Xist spreads across the X chromosome, explains Lee.

However, Xist doesn't act alone: It must attract proteins called Polycomb repressive complexes (PRC) 1 and 2 to complete inactivation of the X chromosome.

But how Xist pulls in PRC1 and PRC2 had been unclear and the subject of debate. Research indicates that repeating sequences of nucleotides on Xist called Repeat A and Repeat B appear to act as magnets for these proteins. Yet some recent research suggests that Repeat A plays no role.

In the new study, Lee and her colleagues showed that both Repeat A and Repeat B are needed to attract PRC1 and PRC2 and complete X chromosome inactivation. By deleting Repeat A from Xist in mouse embryonic stem cells, they found that X chromosome inactivation is not only thwarted, but one X chromosome is eliminated entirely in order for the cells to survive in culture.

In human females, when one X chromosome is missing, the result is Turner syndrome, which affects stature, fertility, and other physical traits.

Understanding how Xist "recruits" PRC1 and PRC2 could have far-reaching implications, especially since the latter plays a key role in maintaining overall cell health.

"We think that through interfering with the Xist recruitment of Polycomb and other silencing complexes, we may eventually be able to treat X-linked diseases like Rett syndrome and perhaps even cancer," says Lee.

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Study identifies mechanism affecting X chromosome that could lead to new disease therapies - Science Codex

Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market to Witness Robust Expansion Throughout the F – News.MarketSizeForecasters.com

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Market Study Report, LLC, adds a comprehensive research of the ' Cellular Reprogramming Tools market' that mentions valuable insights pertaining to market share, profitability graph, market size, SWOT analysis, and regional proliferation of this industry. This study incorporates a disintegration of key drivers and challenges, industry participants, and application segments, devised by analyzing profuse information about this business space.

The research report on Cellular Reprogramming Tools market provides a granular assessment of this business vertical and includes information concerning the market tendencies such as revenue estimations, current remuneration, market valuation, and market size over the estimated timeframe.

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Major factors underlined in the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market report:

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Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market Segmentation: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific & Middle East and Africa.

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An overview of the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market in terms of product type and application scope:

Product landscape:

Product types: Adult Stem Cells, Human Embryonic Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Other

Key parameters included in the report:

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Application segmentation: Drug Development, Regenerative Medicine, Toxicity Test, Academic Research and Other

Specifics offered in report:

Additional information mentioned in the report:

Other insights regarding the competitive scenario of the Cellular Reprogramming Tools market:

Vendor base of Cellular Reprogramming Tools market: Celgene, FUJIFILM Holdings, BIOTIME, Advanced Cell Technology, Mesoblast, Human Longevity, Cynata, STEMCELL Technologies, Astellas Pharma, Osiris Therapeutics, EVOTEC and Japan Tissue Engineering

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Highlights of the report:

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Product Landscape

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Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market to Witness Robust Expansion Throughout the F - News.MarketSizeForecasters.com

Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of ST266 Against Numerous Diseases Including COVID-19 – Technology Networks

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Noveome Biotherapeutics is a clinical-stage company focused on developing therapies for the regenerative repair of tissues. Their product ST266, a first-of-its-kind, multi-targeted, non-cellular platform biologic comprised of a complex mixture of biomolecules, is currently being evaluated as a potential treatment for the severe inflammatory response observed in the lungs of some COVID-19 patients.Technology Networks recently spoke with William J. Golden, Noveome Biotherapeutics Founder, Chairman and CEO, who explains the underlying basis for investigating ST266s potential against COVID-19. Golden also elaborates on many of the other indications for which ST266 is being developed to treat.Laura Lansdowne (LL): Could you provide our readers with a brief overview of Noveome Biotherapeutics?William J. Golden (WJG): Noveome is a clinical-stage biotherapeutics company located in Pittsburgh, PA. The company was founded in 2000 by Bill Golden and Lancet Capital. The group was interested in exploring non-embryonic stem cells and identified a technology at the University of Pittsburgh that was using cells derived from human amnion, a membrane that closely covers the fetus during development. The company, named Kytaron Technologies, Inc. at the time, licensed that amnion cell technology but, ultimately, Noveome scientists were able to discover, develop and patent their own unique population of cells, called Amnion-derived Multipotential Progenitor (AMP) cells, using a proprietary culture method that follows current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) regulations. These novel cells were used to produce our product, ST266.LL: What is ST266? Could you elaborate on its mechanism of action in relation to the healing process?WJG: Noveomes product, ST266, is the secretome produced by the AMP cells. It is a completely cell-free solution and is comprised of hundreds of biologically active molecules, including cytokines and growth factors. Interestingly, these cytokines and growth factors exist at very low physiological levels ranging from pg/mL ng/mL concentrations.1 The fact that such low concentrations of these molecules are biologically active is quite remarkable when you consider that traditional protein-based therapies are usually administered at concentrations that are orders of magnitude greater than the concentrations found in ST266.Because the composition of ST266 is so complex, its multiple mechanisms of action have only been partially elucidated. Clinical and preclinical studies have shown ST266 to be anti-inflammatory,2,3 promote wound healing,4,5 reduce apoptosis, reduce vascular permeability (manuscript in preparation), and restore cellular homeostasis.3 Preclinical studies have also shown ST266 to be neuroprotective. In a traumatic brain injury model, ST266 significantly protected against reactive gliosis, suggesting potent anti-inflammatory activity, and resulted in significant recovery of rotarod motor function.6,7 In another study, ST266 was tested in the experimental autoimmune encephalopathy (EAE) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this model, the mice develop optic neuritis, which is among the presenting symptoms of MS in humans. ST266 was administered to the nares of mice 15 or 22 days after disease induction. ST266 is absorbed via capillary action along the olfactory nerves which bypasses the blood-brain barrier. This unique route of administration allows for the delivery of high molecular weight biologics to the optic nerve of the eye and the central nervous system. ST266 attenuated visual dysfunction, prevented retinal ganglion cell (RGC) loss, reduced inflammation, and decreased the rate of demyelination of the optic nerve in EAE mice.3Mechanistically, ST266 simultaneously acts on multiple cell receptor-activated and intracellular signaling pathways. For example, in the EAE MS model, neuroprotective effects involved oxidative stress reduction, SIRT1-mediated mitochondrial function promotion, and pAKT signaling.3 In a Phase 2 UV light burn study, ST266 reduced erythema and DNA damage and increased the expression of XPA DNA repair proteins.2Importantly, ST266 has a proven clinical safety profile. It has been administered to 243 patients by various routes of administration (topical skin, topical ocular, topical oral, targeted intranasal), and no drug-related serious adverse events have been reported. Preclinical studies of systemically administered ST266 have also yielded no drug-related safety concerns.LL: For what indications is ST266 currently being evaluated as a treatment?WJG: We refer to ST266 as a platform biologic. By this, we mean that ST266 is one product that has the potential to treat numerous and varied diseases. In the clinic, we have shown anti-inflammatory activity when ST266 is applied topically to UV light-burned the skin2 and topical application to the gums of patients with gingivitis and periodontitis showed a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in the patients crevicular fluid (manuscript in preparation). We are currently conducting a Phase 2 open label trial of ST266 to treat persistent corneal epithelial defects (PEDs) when applied topically to the eye. Results from this trial will be published soon. We are currently planning a Phase 2b multi-center, randomized, double-masked trial to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of ST266 in this indication. Finally, we are conducting a Phase 1 study in patients at risk for developing glaucoma. This study is using the intranasal route of delivery described above in combination with a novel delivery device. The goal is to deliver ST266 directly to the optic nerve, where it can protect the RGCs that are damaged in glaucoma. We envision this route of delivery will be applicable to central nervous system and other back-of-the eye indications.We also have several ongoing preclinical programs that are evaluating systemically administered ST266 for more generalized inflammatory conditions. These data are not yet published but combined with the data we have compiled in preclinical and clinical studies of topical skin, topical oral and topical ocular administration, we believe ST266 has the potential to be an effective therapy for numerous systemic inflammatory conditions.LL: Could you elaborate on the underlying basis for your evaluation of ST266 as a potential treatment for COVID-19?WJG: As you know, a major complication of COVID-19 is the severe inflammatory response seen in the lungs of some patients. This response is called cytokine storm or cytokine release syndrome. As the pandemic continues and more data have become available, it is now known that the cytokine storm does not just affect the lungs. Multi-organ damage occurs in many of these patients. We believe that systemic delivery of ST266 and its anti-inflammatory activity has the potential to calm the storm. Our as-yet-unpublished preclinical studies with intravenous ST266 support this hypothesis and we are moving rapidly to initiate intravenous ST266 in a Phase 1 study. Once safety in humans is established by this route of administration, we will commence Phase 2 studies in COVID-19 patients.William J. Golden was speaking to Laura Elizabeth Lansdowne, Senior Science Writer for Technology Networks.References

1. Steed, DL, C Trumpower, D Duffy, C Smith, V Marshall, R Rupp, and M Robson. (2008). Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution: A Physiological Combination of Cytokines for Wound Healing. Eplasty 8: 15765.

2. Guan, Linna, Amanda Suggs, Emily Galan, Minh Lam, and Elma D. Baron. (2017). Topical Application of ST266 Reduces UV-Induced Skin Damage. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S147112.

3. Khan, Reas S, Kimberly Dine, Bailey Bauman, Michael Lorentsen, Lisa Lin, Helayna Brown, Leah R Hanson, et al. (2017). Intranasal Delivery of A Novel Amnion Cell Secretome Prevents Neuronal Damage and Preserves Function In A Mouse Multiple Sclerosis Model. Scientific Reports. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep41768.

4. Bergmann, Juri, Florian Hackl, Taro Koyama, Pejman Aflaki, Charlotte a Smith, Martin C Robson, and Elof Eriksson. (2009). The Effect of Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution on the Epithelialization of Partial-Thickness Donor Site Wounds in Normal and Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Swine. Eplasty 9: e49.

5. Franz, Michael G, Wyatt G Payne, Liyu Xing, D K Naidu, R E Salas, Vivienne S Marshall, C J Trumpower, Charlotte A Smith, David L Steed, and M C Robson. (2008). The Use of Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution to Improve Healing in Acute and Chronic Wound Models. Eplasty 8: e21.

6. Deng-Bryant, Ying, Zhiyong Chen, Christopher van der Merwe, Zhilin Liao, Jitendra R Dave, Randall Rupp, Deborah a Shear, and Frank C Tortella. (2012). Long-Term Administration of Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Suspension Promotes Functional Recovery in a Model of Penetrating Ballistic-like Brain Injury. The Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0b013e3182625f5f.

7. Deng-Bryant, Ying, Ryan D. Readnower, Lai Yee Leung, Tracy L. Cunningham, Deborah A. Shear, and Frank C. Tortella. (2015). Treatment with Amnion-Derived Cellular Cytokine Solution (ACCS) Induces Persistent Motor Improvement and Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in a Rat Model of Penetrating Ballistic-like Brain Injury. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3233/RNN-140455.

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Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of ST266 Against Numerous Diseases Including COVID-19 - Technology Networks

Assisted fertilization, the referendum 15 years ago – NJ MMA News

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Years 15 have passed since the popular referendum on the repeal of many of the prohibitions imposed by the law 40/04. The quorum was not reached, but the 12 and the 13 June 2005, the 80% of those who went to vote asked that the prohibitions on assisted reproduction and research on embryonic stem cells embryonic were canceled. Over the years it was the courts that lifted the bans (three out of four), thanks to the appeals promoted with the couples and coordinated by the lawyer Filomena Gallo, secretary of the Luca Coscioni association, which protects the right to health and science, and with many patient associations.

Since then the heterologous fertilization , the are possible fertilization of more than three gametes by canceling the obligation of simultaneous implantation, and access to medically assisted procreation for couples fertile carriers of genetic pathologies . Only the ban on scientific research on embryos unsuitable for pregnancy remains. But, in conjunction with this important anniversary, the Coscioni association also announces further legal actions to guarantee preimplantation diagnoses in the Lea (the essential levels of assistance, i.e. the services and services that the National Health Service is required to provide to all citizens), the free research on embryos, the cancellation of the age limit and the regulation of gestational support for others.

The dream of being able to hold your child in your arms for hundreds of aspiring mothers and fathers was broken with a referendum boycotted by political and Vatican interference, explains Filomena Gallo -. Thanks to the determination of some couples, that joy was achieved later, with the decisions of the courts aroused by actions that, according to the latest available data, those of the 2017, have led to the birth of at least 705 children thanks to the preimplantation diagnosis, for a total of 14 . 000 born per year with all medically assisted procreation techniques in force in Italy today .

And, now, we are active at all levels to eliminate the last ban on the referendum , that of scientific research on embryos not suitable for pregnancy and in general to achieve the goal of full protection of the right to health. We recently reiterated to the Government the urgent need to include the preimplantation genetic diagnosis among the Lea , a necessary action to avoid abortions .

In addition, the association is asking the regions to extend the age limit currently provided. For now only Campania, Lazio and Tuscany have reacted positively. We also asked gamete donors for a refund.

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Assisted fertilization, the referendum 15 years ago - NJ MMA News

Growth in Sales of Cell Banking Outsourcing Market to Push Revenue Growth in the Market – The Canton Independent Sentinel

By Embryonic Stem Cells

A cell bank refers to a facility that store cells derived from various body fluids and organ tissue for future needs. The bank store the cells with detailed characterization of the cell line hence decrease the chances of cross contamination. Cell banking outsourcing industry involves collection, storage, characterization, and testing of cells, cell lines, and tissues. Cell banks provide cells, cell lines, and tissues for R&D, production of biopharmaceuticals with maximum effectiveness and minimal adverse events. The process for storage of cells includes first proliferation of cells that multiplied in large number of identical cells and then stored into cryovials for future use. Cells mainly used in the regenerative medicine production. Increasing demand of stem cell therapies and number of cell banks expected to boost the global market.

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Global cell banking outsourcing market segmented based on bank type, cell type, phase, and geography. Based on bank type market is further segmented into master cell banking, working cell banking, and viral cell banking. Cell type segment further divided based on stem cell banking and non-stem cell banking. Stem cell banking includes dental, adult, cord, embryonic, and IPS stem cell banking. Based on phase, the global cell banking outsourcing market segmented into preparation, storage, testing, and characterization. Geographically, market divided into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East Africa. By considering bank type master cell banking accounted largest share owing to longer duration of preservation that would attract the researcher. Stem cell banking accounted larger share than non-stem cell banking due to lower risk of contamination.

In stem cell banking cord stem cell banking accounted larger share by revenue in 2014 due to increasing number of cord blood banks, and services globally. Additionally, donor convenience, immediate availability, lower risk of viral contamination is major driving factors for cord stem cell banking. In bank phase, segment storage phase accounted largest share and expected to maintain its share due to development of sophisticated preservation technologies such as cryopreservation technique. Geographically, North America accounted largest share due to high number of ongoing research projects. However, Asia Pacific expected to show significant growth during forecast period owing to supportive government initiatives coupled with increasing awareness about cell therapies.

The global cell banking outsourcing market is witnessing lucrative growth during forecast period due to increased research in cell line development owing to rise in incidence of infectious chronic disorder, and cancer. Additionally, development of advanced preservation techniques, increasing adoption to the stem cell therapies, rise in cell bank facilities across globe, and moving focus of researcher towards stem cell therapies would drive the market. However, high cost of therapies, availability of right donors, and legal and changing ethical issues during collection across the globe are major restraint of the market. Risk associated with cell line banking is contamination of cell lines by manual errors or environmental conditions hence care should be taken during storing and handling of cells.

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Major player in cell banking outsourcing market include BioOutsource (Sartorious), BioReliance, BSL Bioservice, Charles River Laboratories, Cleancells, CordLife, Covance, Cryobanks International India, Cryo-Cell International Inc., GlobalStem Inc., Goodwin Biotechnology Inc., LifeCell International Pvt. Ltd., and Lonza. Additionally, PXTherapeutics SA, Reliance Life Sciences, SGS Life Sciences, Texcell, Toxikon Corporation, Tran-Scell Biologics, Pvt. Ltd., and Wuxi Apptec are other companies in global cell banking outsourcing market.

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Growth in Sales of Cell Banking Outsourcing Market to Push Revenue Growth in the Market - The Canton Independent Sentinel

Explore the Mice Model Market: CRISPR As a Powerful Tool in the Field of BioMedical Research – WhaTech Technology and Markets News

By Embryonic Stem Cells

[269 Pages Report] Mice Model Market report categorizes the Global market by Type (Inbred, Knockout, Hybrid), Technology (CRISPR, Microinjection), Application (Oncology, Diabetes), Service (Breeding, Quarantine, Genetic testing) & Care Products (Bedding, Feed) & Geography. COVID-19 impact on Mice Model Industry.

MarketsandMarkets forecaststhemice model marketto grow from USD 1.11 billion in 2016 to USD 1.59 billion by 2021, at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.5%during the forecast period. The growth of the market can be attributed to ongoing innovations in mice models, continuous support in the form of investments and grants, and growing demand for humanized mice models.

By Technology, the CRISPR technology segment to account for the largest share of the global mice model market in 2016

Based on technology, the market is segmented into CRISPR/Cas9, microinjection, embryonic stem cell injection, nuclear transfer, and other technologies. The CRISPR technology accounts for the largest share of the global mice model market in 2016.

The large share of this segment can primarily be attributed to the fact that CRISPR is the most widely used technique due to the various advantages associated with it, such as ease of design, high efficiency, and relatively low cost.

Emergence of CRISPR as a powerful tool in the field of biomedical research

CRISPR (clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeat) is seen as a revolutionary technology for gene editing. The use of Cas9 enzyme differentiates CRISPR from other forms of genetic modification.

This technology edits and rearranges genes by cutting out damaged or unwanted parts of the DNA, allowing the remaining DNA to be rearranged in a new way.

Moreover, this fast, precise, and easy-to-use technology is considered as a revolutionary tool in research, and there is an intense interest to validate its therapeutic usage in humans.

CRISPR was first shown to work in mouse and human cells less than three years ago and has already been applied to a range of biological systems and disease areas. CRISPR is used in the development of genetically modified mice strains, making the process not only quicker but also less expensive.

Thus, the emergence of CRISPR as a popular technology is expected to offer potential growth opportunities in the coming years.

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North America to account for the largest market size during the forecast period.

North America is accounted for the largest share of the market. North Americas leadership in the market can be attributed to the increased focus on biomedical research in the U.S., rising demands for monoclonal antibody production, nexus between CROs and pharmaceutical companies, continued and responsible use of animals ensured by animal care organizations, rising preclinical activities by CROs and pharmaceutical companies, and growing stem cell research in Canada.

Asia Pacific is the third-largest market for mice model market and is slated to register the highest CAGR of 7.9% during the forecast period. The high growth in the region can be attributed to less stringent regulations on the use of animal models for research in the region, international alliances for R&D activities in China, growth in regenerative medicine, biomedical, and medical research in Japan, growing presence of global players, development of bioclusters to boost the biotechnology industry in India, ongoing biomedical research activities in Australia, and rising pharmaceutical & biotechnology R&D activities.

Key Market Players

Charles River Laboratories International, Inc. (U.S.), The Jackson Laboratory (U.S.), Taconic Biosciences, Inc.(U.S.), TRANS GENIC Inc. (Japan), Horizon Discovery Group plc (U.S.), Envigo (U.K.), Laboratory Corporation of America Holdings (U.S.), and genOway (France).

Charles River Laboratories is a leading player in the global mice models and services market. The mice models offered by the company include inbred, outbred, hybrid, immunodeficient, congenic, and genetically engineered mice.

The company also offers mice modeling services such as surgical services for rodents, genetic testing services, colony management services, and health monitoring services. The strong portfolio enables the company to increase collaboration with clientsfrom early lead generation to candidate selection.

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