Scientists have used cells from fluid drawn during pregnancy to grow mini lungs and other organs – Yahoo News Canada

Scientists have created miniorgans from cells floating in the fluid that surrounds a fetus in the womb an advance they believe could open up new areas of prenatal medicine.

Miniorgans, or organoids, are tiny simplified structures that can be used to test new medical treatments or study how the real organs they mimic work, whether they are healthy or diseased.

Researchers from University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital in the United Kingdom collected cells from amniotic fluid samples taken during 12 pregnancies as part of routine prenatal testing. Then, for the first time, they grew mini-organs from cells taken during active pregnancies. They envision their approach could eventually help doctors monitor and treat congenital conditions before birth and develop personalized therapies for a baby in the womb.

Were really excited about that possibility, said Mattia Gerli of University College London, an author of the study published Monday in the journal Nature Medicine.

The tissue-specific stem cells Gerli and his colleagues collected were shed by the fetus, as normally happens during pregnancy. The scientists identified which tissues the stem cells came from, and found cells from the lungs, kidneys and intestines.

Previously, mini-organs have been derived from adult stem cells, which more closely resemble adult tissue, or fetal tissue after an abortion.

Collecting cells from amniotic fluid gets around regulations about taking stem cells directly from fetal tissue, allowing these scientists to get cells from fetuses into the latter part of pregnancy. In the U.K., the legal limit for terminating a pregnancy is generally 22 weeks after conception. Scientists cant get fetal samples after that, limiting their ability to study normal human development or congenital diseases past that point.

In the U.S., abortion restrictions vary by state. Its legal in most to use fetal tissue for research, said Alta Charo, an emeritus professor of law and bioethics at the University of Wisconsin at Madison. Fetal tissue is defined by the National Institutes of Health as coming from a dead human embryo or fetus after a miscarriage, abortion or stillbirth and the use of tissue from an abortion has long been controversial.

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Charo, who wasn't involved in the study, said the new approach doesnt raise the same ethical issues. Obtaining cells from amniotic fluid that is already being sampled for standard clinical purposes does not appear to add any physical risks to either fetus or pregnant woman, she said in an email.

Dr. Arnold Kriegstein, who directs the Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program at the University of California, San Francisco, and also wasn't involved in the research, said getting cells this way has the potential of giving you some information about that individual fetus as its growing.

And since growing mini-organs from cells in amniotic fluid takes about 4 to 6 weeks, Gerli said, there's enough time for prenatal therapy to fix problems doctors might find.

To examine one practical use of their approach, the U.K. team worked with colleagues in Belgium to study the development of babies with a condition called a congenital diaphragmatic hernia, in which organs such as the liver and intestines get displaced into the chest because of a hole in the diaphragm. The lungs dont develop the way they should, and about 30% of fetuses with the condition die. If doctors detect the hernia, they can operate on the fetus while it's still in the womb.

Researchers grew lung organoids from the cells of fetuses with the condition before and after treatment and compared them to organoids from healthy fetuses. Dr. Paolo de Coppi, an author of the study from University College London and Great Ormond Street Hospital, said they were able to assess the affected child's condition before birth using this method. Doctors are now unable to tell families much about the outcome of a prenatal diagnosis because each case is different, he said. The ability to study functioning prenatal miniorgans, he added, is the first step toward a more detailed prognosis and more effective treatments.

Kriegstein said more research is needed. Its in the very early stages," he added, "and well have to wait and see how useful itll be in the long run.

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The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institutes Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.

Laura Ungar, The Associated Press

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Scientists have used cells from fluid drawn during pregnancy to grow mini lungs and other organs - Yahoo News Canada

The anti-aging effect of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in Drosophila midgut – EurekAlert

image:

Figure 6.Inhibitory effect of VitD on age- and oxidative stress-related accumulation of supernumerary centrosomes in midgut ISCs.

Credit: 2024 Park et al.

Our study demonstrated that the VitD/VDR [vitamin D/vitamin D receptor] pathway is required for intestinal homeostasis during normal differentiation and aging.

BUFFALO, NY- February 27, 2024 A new research paper was published in Aging (listed by MEDLINE/PubMed as "Aging (Albany NY)" and "Aging-US" by Web of Science) Volume 16, Issue 3, entitled, The anti-aging effect of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in Drosophila midgut.

Adult stem cells are pivotal for maintaining tissue homeostasis, and their functional decline is linked to aging and its associated diseases, influenced by the niche cells environment. Age- and cancer-related reduction of vitamin D and its receptor levels are well documented in human clinical studies. However, the mechanisms through which the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor (VitD/VDR) pathway contributes to anti-aging and extends life expectancy are not well understood. In this new study, researchers Joung-Sun Park, Hyun-Jin Na and Yung-Jin Kim from Pusan National University and Korea Food Research Institute aimed to determine the protective role of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway in differentiated enterocytes (ECs) during intestinal stem cell (ISC) aging.

This study aimed to determine the protective role of VitD/VDR in differentiated ECs during ISC aging using the adult Drosophila intestine model.

By utilizing a well-established Drosophila midgut model for stem cell aging biology, the researchers revealed that vitamin D receptor knockdown in ECs induced ISC proliferation, EC death, ISC aging, and enteroendocrine cell differentiation. Additionally, age- and oxidative stress-induced increases in ISC proliferation and centrosome amplification were reduced by vitamin D treatment. In conclusion, this study provides direct evidence of the anti-aging role of the VitD/VDR pathway, involving protecting ECs during aging, and provides valuable insights for exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying enhanced healthy aging in Drosophila.

Our findings suggest a direct evidence of the anti-aging role of the vitamin D/vitamin D receptor pathway and provides insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying healthy aging in Drosophila.

Read the full paper: DOI: https://doi.org/10.18632/aging.205518

Corresponding Author: Joung-Sun Park

Corresponding Email: dreamjs78@pusan.ac.kr

Keywords: Drosophila, vitamin D, vitamin D receptor, anti-aging, intestinal stem cell

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About Aging:

Launched in 2009, Aging publishes papers of general interest and biological significance in all fields of aging research and age-related diseases, including cancerand now, with a special focus on COVID-19 vulnerability as an age-dependent syndrome. Topics in Aging go beyond traditional gerontology, including, but not limited to, cellular and molecular biology, human age-related diseases, pathology in model organisms, signal transduction pathways (e.g., p53, sirtuins, and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR, among others), and approaches to modulating these signaling pathways.

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Observational study

Animals

The anti-aging effect of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in Drosophila midgut

7-Feb-2024

Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system.

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The anti-aging effect of vitamin D and vitamin D receptor in Drosophila midgut - EurekAlert

New University spin-out developing novel adult stem cell-based Therapies – News – University of Liverpool – News

The University of Liverpool has launched a new spin-out company, TrophiCell, that has developed a revolutionary approach to harness the therapeutic potential of adult Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs).

TrophiCell optimises trophic repair the process by which MSCs secrete factors that promote repair and reduce inflammation in chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis and liver disease. TrophiCell has patented a new approach to cell therapy production that can reliably treat a range of diseases at a scale never previously possible with MSCs.

TrophiCells underpinning science and intellectual property was discovered by the University of Liverpools Professor Anthony Hollander and his team, and offers a new way of generating stem cell therapies. Although MSCs have demonstrated a good safety record in clinical trials over many years, the variation between the small batches derived from different donors has led to an inevitable variability in efficacy. The TrophiCell innovation is based on the ability of MSCs to continue to deliver trophic repair almost indefinitely as they are grown through multiple generations in the laboratory, even when their ability to differentiate into different cell types diminishes. This discovery will enable huge scale-up of MSCs cultured from a single donor source, so eliminating the variability in efficacy that comes from use of multiple donors. This technology enables TrophiCell to generate standardised MSCs, delivering reliable clinical efficacy while retaining the excellent safety profile of adult cells.

To realise the full potential of its technology, TrophiCell will work with specialist Contract Development and Manufacturing organisations (CDMOs) with expertise in high volume production of cell therapies, with medical teams and with clinical trial infrastructure in the NHS and internationally. Professor Hollander is joined by Dr Karen Sullivan, CEO, who has more than 20 years experience of leadership in technology commercialisation, and Helen Delahaye, an industry-experienced Operations Director.

Karen Sullivan, CEO of TrophiCell, said: There are currently limited treatment options for common debilitating chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis and liver fibrosis. Although, MSC therapies offer innovative treatments for these conditions, their use has been limited by scalability issues and high cost of manufacturing. Trophicell technology overcomes these barriers enabling development of scalable MSC therapies with superior clinical efficacy, simpler route to manufacturing and at a lower cost than previous candidate MSC therapies. Trophicell technology utilises adult MSCs, which are as scalable as induced Pluripotent stem cells iPSCs with a better safety profile and a simpler manufacturing process. Ultimately, we believe this innovation will enable us to develop therapies that will make a real difference to patients quality of life.

Professor Anthony Hollander, founder of TrophiCell and University of Liverpools Pro-Vice-Chancellor for Research & Impact said: As a University, we are committed to translating research into clinical practice and Im delighted that our stem cell research will have the chance, through TrophiCell, to reach the people who will benefit from it most.

L to R Emma Nolan, Head of IP Commercialisation; Dr Karen Sullivan, CEO; Professor Anthony Hollander, CSO; and Helen Delahaye, Operations Director.

The company has received investment from the University of Liverpools Enterprise Investment Fund (EIF) to provide start-up capital and is currently working on an initial investment round of 7.5M to fund the pre-clinical stage of development.

TrophiCell is supported by the Universitys IP Commercialisation Team, part of Research, Partnerships and Innovation, who work with academics to protect and commercialise their research, either via spin-out or licensing. Find out more about TrophiCell at http://www.trophicell.com or contact us at karen.sullivan@trophicell.com.

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New University spin-out developing novel adult stem cell-based Therapies - News - University of Liverpool - News

The untapped potential of stem cells in menstrual blood – Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

Roughly 20 years ago, a biologist named Caroline Gargett went in search of some remarkable cells in tissue that had been removed during hysterectomy surgeries. The cells came from the endometrium, which lines the inside of the uterus. When Gargett cultured the cells in a petri dish, they looked like round clumps surrounded by a clear, pink medium. But examining them with a microscope, she saw what she was looking for two kinds of cells, one flat and roundish, the other elongated and tapered, with whisker-like protrusions.

Gargett strongly suspected that the cells were adultstem cells rare, self-renewing cells, some of which can give rise to many different types of tissues. She and other researchers had long hypothesized that the endometrium contained stem cells, given its remarkable capacity to regrow itself each month. The tissue, which provides a site for an embryo to implant during pregnancy and is shed during menstruation,undergoes roughly 400 roundsof shedding and regrowth before a woman reaches menopause. But although scientists had isolated adult stem cells from many other regenerating tissues including bone marrow, the heart, and muscle "no one had identified adult stem cells in endometrium," Gargett says.

Such cells are highly valued for their potential to repair damaged tissue and treat diseases such as cancer and heart failure. But they exist in low numbers throughout the body, and can be tricky to obtain, requiring surgical biopsy, or extracting bone marrow with a needle. The prospect of a previously untapped source of adult stem cells was thrilling on its own, says Gargett. And it also raised the exciting possibility of a new approach to long-neglected women's health conditions such as endometriosis.

Before she could claim that the cells were truly stem cells, Gargett and her team at Monash University in Australia had to put them through a series of rigorous tests. First, they measured the cells' ability to proliferate and self-renew, and found that some of them could divide into about 100 cells within a week. They also showed that the cells could indeed differentiate into endometrial tissue, and identified certain telltale proteins that are present in other types of stem cells.

Gargett, who is now also with Australia's Hudson Institute of Medical Research, and her colleagues went on to characterizeseveral types of self-renewing cells in the endometrium. But only the whiskered cells, called endometrial stromalmesenchymal stem cells, were truly "multipotent," with the ability to be coaxed into becoming fat cells, bone cells, or even the smooth muscle cells found in organs such as the heart.

Around the same time, two independent research teams made another surprising discovery: Some endometrial stromal mesenchymal stem cellscould be found in menstrual blood. Gargett was surprised that the body would so readily shed its precious stem cells. Since they are so important for the survival and function of organs, she didn't think the body would "waste" them by shedding them. But she immediately recognized the finding's significance: Rather than relying on an invasive surgical biopsy to obtain the elusive stem cells she'd identified in the endometrium, she could collect them via menstrual cup.

More detailed studies of the endometrium have since helped to explain how a subset of these precious endometrial stem cells dubbed menstrual stem cells end up in menstrual blood. The endometrium has a deeper basal layer that remains intact, and an upper functional layer that sloughs off during menstruation. During a single menstrual cycle, the endometrium thickens as it prepares to nourish a fertilized egg, then shrinks as the upper layer sloughs away.

Gargett's team has shown that these special stem cells are present in both the lower and upper layers of the endometrium. The cells are typically wrapped around blood vessels in a crescent shape, where they are thought to help stimulate vessel formation and play a vital role in repairing and regenerating the upper layer of tissue that gets shed each month during menstruation. This layer is crucial to pregnancy, providing support and nourishment for a developing embryo. The layer, and the endometrial stem cells that prod its growth, also appears to play an important role in infertility: An embryo can't implant if the layer doesn't thicken enough.

Endometrial stem cells have also been linked toendometriosis, a painful condition that affects roughly 190 million women and girls worldwide. Although much about the condition isn't fully understood, researchers hypothesize that one contributor is the backflow of menstrual blood into a woman's fallopian tubes, the ducts that carry the egg from the ovaries into the uterus. This backward flow takes the blood into the pelvic cavity, a funnel-shaped space between the bones of the pelvis. Endometrial stem cells that get deposited in these areas may cause endometrial-like tissue to grow outside of the uterus, leading to lesions that can cause excruciating pain, scarring and, in many cases, infertility.

Researchers are still developing a reliable, noninvasive test to diagnose endometriosis, and patients wait an average of nearly seven years before receiving a diagnosis. But studies have shown that stem cells collected from the menstrual blood of women with endometriosis have differentshapesandpatterns of gene expressionthan cells from healthy women. Several labs are working on ways to use these differences in menstrual stem cells to identify women at higher risk of the condition, which could lead to faster diagnosis and treatment. Menstrual stem cells may also have therapeutic applications. Some researchers working on mice, for example, have found that injecting menstrual stem cells into the rodents' blood can repair the damaged endometrium and improve fertility.

Other research in lab animals suggests that menstrual stem cells could have therapeutic potential beyond gynecological diseases. In a couple of studies, for example, injecting menstrual stem cells into diabetic micestimulated regeneration of insulin-producing cellsandimproved blood sugar levels. In another, treating injuries with stem cells or their secretions helpedheal wounds in mice.

A handful of small but promising clinical trials have found that menstrual stem cells can be transplanted into humans without adverse side effects. Gargett's team is also attempting to develop human therapies. She and her colleagues are using endometrial stem cells those taken directly from endometrial tissue, rather than menstrual blood to engineer a mesh to treat pelvic organ prolapse, a common, painful condition in which the bladder, rectum or uterus slips into the vagina due to weak or injured muscles.

The condition is often caused by childbirth. Existing treatments use synthetic meshes to reinforce and support weak pelvic tissues. But adverse immune reactions to these materials have led these meshes to be withdrawn from the market. Gargett's research so far conducted only in animal models suggests that using a patient's own endometrial stem cells to coat biodegradable meshes couldyield better results.

Despite the relative convenience of collecting adult multipotent stem cells from menstrual blood, research exploring and utilizing the stem cells' power and their potential role in disease still represents a tiny fraction of stem cell research, saysDaniela Tonelli Manica, an anthropologist at Brazil's State University of Campinas. As of 2020, she found, menstrual stem cell researchaccounted for only 0.25 percentof all mesenchymal cell research, while bone marrow stem cells represented 47.7 percent.

Manica attributes the slow adoption of menstrual stem cells in part to misogynistic ideas that uteruses are outside the norm, and to reactions of disgust. "There's certainly something of an 'ick factor' associated with menstrual blood," agreesVictoria Male, a reproductive immunologist at Imperial College London who coauthored an article aboututerine immune cellsin the 2023Annual Review of Immunology.

Cultural taboos surrounding menstruation and a general lack of investment in women's health research can make it difficult to get funding, says Gargett. Immunologist Male has faced similar challenges it was easier to obtain funding when she used to study immune cells in liver transplantation than it is now that she works on immune cells in the uterus, she says.

"If we want more research on menstrual fluid, we need more funding," says Male, noting that the logistics of collecting menstrual fluid over multiple days can be expensive. For that to happen, "we have to tackle sex and gender bias in research funding." Through more equitable investments, she and others hope, menstruation will be recognized as an exciting new frontier in regenerative medicine not just a monthly inconvenience.

Sneha Khedkar

This article was originally published by the Knowable Magazine on 29 January 2024.

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The untapped potential of stem cells in menstrual blood - Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance

Stopping the Pain and Saving Lives: Successful Treatments for Sickle Cell Disease – Charlotte Lozier Institute

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved not just one, but two new gene therapies for sickle cell disease. The first, Casgevy, was co-developed by Vertex Pharmaceuticals and CRISPR therapeutics. The second, Lyfgenia, was developed by bluebird bio. What was all this gene editing and DNA swapping about, are the therapies successful, and is this an ethical advance in medicine?

Sickle cell disease is an inherited (genetic) condition that affects about 100,000 U.S. patients, and more than 20 million people globally. People with sickle cell have severe pain, anemia, and clogged blood vessels that can damage multiple organs. Half of adults with sickle cell disease die by their early 40s.

The disease name comes from the shape taken by red blood cells; instead of the normal flexible disc shape, cells form a sickle shape that can clump and block blood vessels to the point that organs and tissues do not receive oxygen. This can result in severe pain crises, blindness, stroke, and other organ damage.

Why do the red cells form a sickle shape, and how can gene editing reverse the disease? Sickling is the result of one small mutation in the DNA, a single letter of genetic code that is changed. Yet this single molecular change leads to profound changes in the character of the patients hemoglobin (the protein in red blood cells responsible for delivering oxygen to tissues throughout the body). One molecule of our normal adult hemoglobin contains four proteinstwo alpha-globin proteins and two beta-globin proteinscomplexed with an iron-containing heme molecule. Each red blood cell is basically a bag of hemoglobin, floating through the blood, grabbing oxygen and carrying it around the body to our cells and tissues.

The single genetic mutation in sickle cell leads to a single amino acid change in the beta-globin protein, changing the character of the protein so that it tends not to form oxygen-carrying molecules but rather causes the proteins to clump within the cell and form stiff rods, stretching the disc-shaped cells into a sickle shape.

It is important to note that during our development in the womb, our bodies use a slightly different form of hemoglobin, termed fetal hemoglobin, to carry oxygen. Fetal hemoglobin is made up of two alpha-globin proteins and two gamma-globin (rather than beta-globin) proteins complexed with heme. Around the time of birth, our body stops making gamma-globin by turning off that gene, and turning on the gene to start production of beta-globin for oxygen-carrying capacity once we are out of the womb.

Treatments for serious sickle cell disease have been few and difficult to obtain. While a couple of drugs and periodic red blood cell transfusions can ameliorate some of the diseases symptoms, so far only matched bone marrow adult stem cell transplants have been a curative option (more on this below.)

Genetic therapies such as the two now approved by the FDA aim to cure a disease, rather than simply manage its symptoms, attacking it at the genetic level to cause a permanent change. These two gene therapies are both what are termed somatic gene therapies. Their goal is to treat existing individuals and cure the disease without altering the germlinei.e., they are not heritable. In general, this type of gene therapy poses few ethical difficulties, although access to the treatment, including its cost, as well as complete informed consent regarding potential outcomes and side effects, can be issues.

On the other hand, genetic therapies which aim to prevent disease by altering the germline (heritable DNA) of eggs, sperm, or embryos, thereby affecting not only the treated (or manufactured) individual but also future generations, raise significant ethical concerns. The Charlotte Lozier Institutes Handbook of Nascent Human Beings has more information on the science, bioethics, and moral permissibility of genetic engineering and other new technologies.

The two newly approved gene therapies both accomplish their alleviation of sickle cell disease by altering bone marrow adult stem cells of the patient; theyve taken this route because using the patients own adult stem cells poses no problem of immune rejection of the therapy.Bone marrow adult stem cells are extracted from the patient and purified. In particular, the scientists are after what are called the CD34+ cells, which are the master stem cell for all blood and immune cells.The genetic alteration is done ex vivo, meaning in the lab and outside the patients body.

Casgevy, the therapy produced by Vertex, injects the CRISPR gene editing tool into the cells, targeting a small control region on the DNA that, when turned on, stops production of fetal hemoglobin, in particular the gamma-globin.Essentially, the enzyme makes a snip in the control region, turning off the inhibitor, thereby turning on production of gamma-globin.The result is that adult hemoglobin is replaced in the patient by fetal hemoglobin, which carries oxygen just fine.

Lyfgenia, produced by bluebird, uses a benign, inactivated virus as a vector to inject a modified form of normal beta-globin into the patients adult stem cells in the lab. The new DNA instructions then insert into the cells genome, where it produces normal adult hemoglobin and restores normal oxygen-carrying capacity.The slight modification in the inserted beta-globin DNA is a one amino-acid change that inhibits any aggregation of beta-globin, further eliminating the molecular problem for the patient.

For both genetic therapies, after the gene editing in the lab and quality control checks to make sure the adult stem cells are correctly altered, the cells are reinfused back into the patient. Prior to reinfusion, the patient gets a dose of chemotherapy to wipe out old faulty bone marrow adult stem cells and make space for the corrected cells.The altered adult stem cells go to the bone marrow and make themselves at home, start producing blood cells, and these new red blood cells carry oxygen normally, thus curing the patients of sickle cell disease.

Using adult stem cells, rather than fetal stem cells, as the vehicle for the genetic alteration showcases another role for this gold standard of stem cells, the only stem cell with a documented record of providing successful treatments. Direct transplant of normal beta-globin-containing adult stem cells has also been used successfully to treat sickle cell disease and related blood disorders. Until the approval of these new genetic therapies utilizing stem cells from the ailing patients themselves, adult stem cell transplant was considered the only curative treatment available for sickle cell disease and similar conditions. Since the transplant relies on finding matched donors for each patient, the cure has been limited. New research suggests, however, the possibility of using haploidentical (half-matched) transplants to increase accessibility to this critical adult stem cell treatment.

Freedom from sickle cell disease is available now using adult stem cell transplants. You can watch Desirees story to see the success of using adult stem cells from cord blood. You can watch more of Desiree as she discusses the transplant experience with two other patients. The success of adult stem cell therapies continues to demonstrate that the progress of science and medicine need not rely on ethically compromised research and treatment approaches.

David A. Prentice, Ph.D. is former Vice President and Director of Research for the Charlotte Lozier Institute. This article may also be accessed at the Christian Medical & Dental Associations website.

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Stopping the Pain and Saving Lives: Successful Treatments for Sickle Cell Disease - Charlotte Lozier Institute

Ethical stem cell research points to potential stroke and dementia … – The Christian Institute

Research using adult stem cells offers hope for treating strokes and vascular dementia, scientists believe.

In a pioneering study at the University of Cambridge, academics created a model of diseased brain blood vessels from patients reprogrammed skin cells. They then successfully reversed the damage.

Cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) contributes to almost half of dementia cases worldwide and causes one in five of the most common type of stroke.

Clinical Neuroscientist Dr Alessandra Granata, who led the study, said that despite the high prevalence of SVD, we have little in the way of treatments because we dont fully understand what damages the blood vessels and causes the disease.

She explained: Thats why we turned to stem cells to generate cells of the brain blood vessels and create a disease model in a dish that mimics what we see in patients.

When molecules that play a key role in the disease were treated with inhibiting drugs, she reported that the team found they reversed the damage and stopped the leakage.

These drugs, she added, come with potentially significant side effects, but the model itself could be scaled up relatively easily to test the viability of future potential drugs.

Unlike research involving embryonic stem cells, studies that utilise ethically-sourced stem cells do not require the destruction of human embryos.

In the UK, the 1990 Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act allows experimentation on human embryos of up to 14 days development for certain research purposes.

The Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) is now proposing a change in the law that would ditch a number of the existing restrictions on embryo research in an attempt to pursue scientific innovations for new treatments.

The HFEA wants the law to enable experiments on human embryos beyond the existing 14-day limit, medical research that looks to manipulate DNA in human embryos, and techniques to be trialled without having to be properly authorised.

January 2023: New ethical stem cell research gives hope for dementia treatment

December 2022: Two year old wouldnt be with us today without world-first stem cell operation

May 2021: Ethical stem cells deliver dramatic cure for bubble boy disease

March 2021: Shes given me back my life, teen thanks adult stem cell donor

January 2021: Ethical stem cell research finds MND damage may be reversible

Read more:
Ethical stem cell research points to potential stroke and dementia ... - The Christian Institute

Stem Cells Market to Hit $23.7 Billion by 2030 at 9.1% CAGR … – GlobeNewswire

Burlingame, Nov. 21, 2023 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to Coherent Market Insights, Stem Cells Market size was valued at US$ 12.9 Billion in 2023 and is expected to surpass US$ 23.7 Billion by 2030 and is anticipated to witness a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9.1% from 2023 to 2030. Strong product pipelines of therapies based on stem cells and a huge patient population base can help propel growth of the global stem cells market. Government funding to accelerate research on stem cells further strengthens the growth of the market. For instance, in February 2022, the government of India set up state-of-the-art stem cell research facilities in 40 leading health research and educational institutions. The government has also spent US$ 80.0 Million through the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) since 2019 on stem cell research projects.

Market Drivers

Strategic activities by key market players to strengthen their product portfolios will further offer lucrative opportunities in the global stem cells market over the forecast period. For instance, in February 2022, Immatics N.V., a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company active in the discovery and development of T cell-redirecting cancer immunotherapies, and Bristol Myers Squibb Company, a global biopharmaceutical company whose mission is to discover, develop, and deliver innovative medicines that help patients prevail over serious diseases, announced that they have expanded their strategic alliance to pursue the development of multiple allogeneic off-the-shelf TCR-T and/or CAR-T programs. The program will utilize Immatics N.V.s proprietary gamma delta T cell-derived, allogeneic Adoptive Cell Therapy (ACT) platform, called ACTallo, and a suite of next-generation technologies developed by Bristol Myers Squibb Company.

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Key Market Takeaways:

The global stem cells market is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 9.1% during the forecast period due to the large number of applications that stem cell therapy offers across the healthcare and disease spectrum. For instance, according to an article shared by amfAR, The Foundation for AIDS Research (An organization dedicated to ending the global AIDS epidemic through innovative research), HIV-resistant stem cells, when induced in suffering patients, can be permanently cured of the disease upon receiving a bone marrow transplant.

Among application, the adult stem cells segment is dominant due to the establishment of new companies regarding the research of adult cell stems across the globe. For instance, on May 25, 2023, Therapeutic Solutions International (TSOI), a company focused on immune modulation for the treatment of several specific diseases, announced the creation of CTE Biologics, Inc. as a subsidiary company dedicated to commercializing the JadiCell adult stem cell platform for the treatment of chronic traumatic encephalopathy.

Among region, North America is expected to be dominant in the growth of the global stem cells market over the forecast period. In October 2022, Pluristyx, a privately held biotechnology company based in Seattle, U.S., panCELLa, a company focused on therapeutic cell-focused Platform Technologies and based in Ontario, Canada, and Implant Therapeutics, a company that specializes in cell-based therapies and based in Maryland, U.S., announced a definitive merger agreement to streamline access to genetically modified stem cells for clinical development.

Key players operating in the global stem cells market are Advanced Cell Technology, Inc., Angel Biotechnology Holdings PLC, Biotricity, Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc., BrainStorm Cell Limited., CIRM, Celgene Corporation (A subsidiary of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company), Takara Bio Inc., Cellular Engineering Technologies., Cytori Therapeutics Inc., and STEMCELL Technologies.

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Market Key Developments

Inorganic strategies like mergers, acquisitions, and partnership agreements are also enhancing growth of the global stem cells market. For instance, in December 2022, Kite (A subsidiary of Gilead Sciences, Inc.) acquired Tmunity Therapeutics, Inc., a private, clinical-stage biotechnology company, focused on transforming the future of CAR-T therapies by developing the next generation of engineered T-cell therapies and innovative manufacturing processes and technologies to pursue next-generation CAR-T-Cell therapy advancements in cancer.

Market Restraint

The inability of certain stem cell therapies to produce substantial evidence, can restrain growth of the global stem cells market. In December 2022, The National Medical Commission (NMC), an Indian regulatory body of 33 members which regulates medical education and medical professionals, directed doctors not to use stem cell therapy for treating autism, citing insufficient evidence and lack of efficacy.

This restraint can be overcome by following the correct stem cell therapy only as per the guidance and recommendations of doctors or healthcare providers.

Market Opportunity

The increase in growth strategies like investments by key market players is estimated to cause the growth of the global stem cells market over the forecast period. For instance, on June 23, 2023, Calidi Biotherapeutics, a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company, announced a commitment of US$ 25 Million in series B funding to advance stem cell-based platforms for the delivery and potentiation of oncolytic viruses to treat cancer.

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Stem Cells Market to Hit $23.7 Billion by 2030 at 9.1% CAGR ... - GlobeNewswire

Stem Cell Therapy Developed in Korea Begins Treatment for … – PharmiWeb.com

SEOUL, South Korea, November 21, 2023 (Newswire.com) - Korea's leading adult stem cell research institute, Biostar Stem Cell Research Institute (Director: Dr. Jeongchan Ra), announced on the 20th that a regenerative medicine technology that treats Parkinson's disease by administering autologous fat-derived stem cells cultured using patented technology into the intravenous and spinal cord cavity has been approved by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare and will begin treatment at the Shinjuku Clinic in Tokyo in December.

The approved stem cell treatment protocol involves administering 150 to 250 million fat-derived stem cells intravenously and 50 million cells into the spinal cord cavity five times at intervals of two to four weeks. The stem cells are either obtained from the Biostar Stem Cell Research Institute in Korea or from JASC, a Japanese affiliate.

The approval of stem cell treatment for Parkinson's disease marks a significant milestone in the clinical application of stem cells by the Biostar Stem Cell Research Institute, which began its research in 2008. The institute has previously received stem cell therapies for degenerative arthritis, severe lower extremity ischemia, and autoimmune diseases, administrated through intraarticular, intramuscular, and intravenous routes, respectively. The intravenous and spinal cord cavity administration of stem cells for Parkinsons disease further demonstrates the versatility and safety of Biostars stem cell culture technology.

Stem cells vary greatly in safety and effectiveness depending on the culture method, highlighting the importance of rigorous quality management. The Biostar Stem Cell Research Institutes two-decade-long research on stem cell culture and treatment technologies, including the recently approved Parkinsons disease therapy, holds promise for developing new avenues for treating neurological disorders. The specialized culture media developed by the Biostar Stem Cell Research Institute, exclusively manufactured and supplied by its affiliate Nature Cell, plays a crucial role in enhancing the effectiveness and safety of these therapies.

The Biostar Stem Cell Research Institute is committed to expanding treatment-approved hospitals across Japan and intensifying global outreach, aiming to make Japan a destination for Parkinson's disease patients worldwide to regain their health.

Parkinsons disease affects an estimated 10 million people worldwide, with a rapidly growing prevalence, and remains an incurable condition without a definitive treatment.

Herim Park Marketing Manager herim16@stemcellbio.com +81-75-662-7171

Original Source: Stem Cell Therapy Developed in Korea Begins Treatment for Parkinson's Disease Patients Worldwide in Japan

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Stem Cell Therapy Developed in Korea Begins Treatment for ... - PharmiWeb.com

BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Announces In-Person Meeting with … – PR Newswire

Meeting will take place on December 6; Company plans to seek Special Protocol Assessment (SPA)

NEW YORK, Nov. 20, 2023 /PRNewswire/ --BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.(NASDAQ: BCLI), a leading developer of adult stem cell therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, today announced that the US Food & Drug Administration (US FDA) has granted the company a meeting to discuss the regulatory path forward for NurOwn in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The meeting is scheduled to take place on December 6, 2023. Brainstorm will discuss plans for a Special Protocol Assessment (SPA) with the FDA to agree on the overall protocol design for a confirmatory Phase 3 trial in ALS.

"We are pleased that the FDA has granted this expedited in-person meeting to discuss the best path forward for NurOwn for ALS," said Chaim Lebovits, President and Chief Executive Officer of BrainStorm. "Our proposed plan is to conduct a confirmatory Phase 3b trial and it is important that we are aligned with the Agency on the expected requirements for re-submitting a Biologics License Application. We believe that reaching an agreement through a SPA on the overall protocol design and the adequacy to address the requirements for marketing approval will be a key step to position the company for success and to potentially de-risk the program. We are grateful for the FDA's support and quick response in granting this meetingas we remain committed to our goal of making NurOwn available to the ALS community."

AboutNurOwn

The NurOwn technology platform (autologous MSC-NTF cells) represents a promising investigational therapeutic approach to targeting disease pathways important in neurodegenerative disorders. MSC-NTF cells are harvested from each person with ALS and are manufactured using an innovative and proprietary process to secrete neurotrophic factors to target specific neurodegenerative diseases. The lead program for NurOwn is for the treatment of ALS.BrainStorm's long-term commitment to ALS is demonstrated in preclinical research and a series of clinical studies, all of which have been published in peer-reviewed journals.

The NurOwn clinical program has generated valuable insights into the pathology of ALS, as well as disease progression and treatment. Since the initial Phase 3 readout, BrainStorm has shared the full dataset through rigorous peer-reviewed analysis, including: quantification of Floor Effect, which had been noted, but never before explored in depth; evaluation of multiple pre-specified biomarkers, collected at seven different points across 20 weeks during the trial, allowing a longitudinal view; and analysis of genetic data, which represents one of the first ALS trials to prospectively invoke pharmacogenomic analysis of clinical outcome, offering great promise for the development of future treatments for ALS.

About BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.

BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc. is a leading developer of innovative autologous adult stem cell therapeutics for debilitating neurodegenerative diseases. BrainStorm holds the rights to clinical development and commercialization of the NurOwn technology platform used to produce autologous MSC-NTF cells through an exclusive, worldwide licensing agreement. Autologous MSC-NTF cells have received Orphan Drug designation status from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). BrainStorm has completed a Phase 3 trial in ALS (NCT03280056); this trial investigated the safety and efficacy of repeat-administration of autologous MSC-NTF cells and was supported by a grant from the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM CLIN2-0989), and another grant from the ALS Association and I AM ALS. BrainStorm completed under an investigational new drug application a Phase 2 open-label multicenter trial (NCT03799718) of autologous MSC-NTF cells in progressive MS and was supported by a grant from the National MS Society (NMSS).

Notice Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains "forward-looking statements" that are subject to substantial risks and uncertainties, including the clinical development of NurOwn as a therapy for the treatment of ALS, the future availability of NurOwn to patients, and the future success of BrainStorm. All statements, other than statements of historical fact, contained in this press release are forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements contained in this press release may be identified by the use of words such as "anticipate," "believe," "contemplate," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "seek," "may," "might," "plan," "potential," "predict," "project," "target," "aim," "should," "will" "would," or the negative of these words or other similar expressions, although not all forward-looking statements contain these words. Forward-looking statements are based on BrainStorm's current expectations and are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and assumptions that are difficult to predict. These potential risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, management's ability to successfully achieve its goals, BrainStorm's ability to raise additional capital.

BrainStorm's ability to continue as a going concern, prospects for future regulatory approval of NurOwn, whether BrainStorm's future interactions with the FDA will have productive outcomes, and other factors detailed in BrainStorm's annual report on Form 10-K and quarterly reports on Form 10-Q available athttp://www.sec.gov. These factors should be considered carefully, and readers should not place undue reliance on BrainStorm's forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this press release are based on the beliefs, expectations, and opinions of management as of the date of this press release. We do not assume any obligation to update forward-looking statements to reflect actual results or assumptions if circumstances or management's beliefs, expectations or opinions should change, unless otherwise required by law. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, or achievements.

CONTACTS

JohnMullaly LifeSci Advisors, LLC Phone: +1 617-429-3548 [emailprotected]

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SOURCE Brainstorm Cell Therapeutics Ltd.

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BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Announces In-Person Meeting with ... - PR Newswire

Skull bone marrow channels as immune gateways to the central … – Nature.com

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Skull bone marrow channels as immune gateways to the central ... - Nature.com