Study finds the real reason you get goosebumps – Big Think

Everybody gets goosebumps, but have you ever wondered why? Until now, the leading hypothesis was that by elevating hair-follicles on the skin, goosebumps helped keep the body warm by providing more space for warm air to be collect near the body. However, many scientists have puzzled over this explanation, as the lack of body hair on modern humans leaves us with the ability to have goose skin but without the ability to benefit from it.

Evolutionarily, that makes little sense, if it really was that useless we'd expect more than a few people to not have the ability to get them by now.

A new study published in Cell suggests a different reason for this reaction. Its authors argue that the same cells that cause goosebumps might be responsible for helping hair growth in the first place, giving a reason for evolution to retain this familiar phenomenon.

In animals, many organs are made of three kinds of tissue: epithelium, mesenchyme, and nerve. In the skin, which is an organ, a nerve connects to muscle in the mesenchyme. This nerve is part of the sympathetic nervous system and helps maintain homeostasis. The muscle itself is connected to stem cells in the epithelium that heal wounds and regenerate hair follicles.

The researchers focused on mice, as is typical in these studies, but suggest that the findings are also applicable to humans given the similarity between our skin and hair cells.

The researchers examined the behavior and structure of the nerve under an electron microscope. To their surprise, the nerve was not only attached to the previously mentioned muscle tissue but also wrapped around hair follicle stem cells.

In normal conditions, the sympathetic nervous system is always operating at a low level. This keeps the body functioning normally. When the researchers observed this behavior, they noticed signals being sent by the nervous system to the stem cells in the hair follicles. These signals seem to keep the stem cells at the ready for potential use.

However, when the researchers exposed the tissues to the cold, the activity ramped up. A flood of neurotransmitters was released, and the stem cells activated. This prompted new hair growth to begin.

Another experiment dove into how the nerve reached the stem cells in the first place. Co-Author Yulia Shwartz explained the findings in a press release:

"We discovered that the signal comes from the developing hair follicle itself. It secretes a protein that regulates the formation of the smooth muscle, which then attracts the sympathetic nerve. Then in the adult, the interaction turns around, with the nerve and muscle together regulating the hair follicle stem cells to regenerate the new hair follicle. It's closing the whole circle -- the developing hair follicle is establishing its own niche."

Putting this together, it appears that goosebumps are part of a two-phased response to cold. In the first, the muscle below the skin is stimulated to form goosebumps. If this stimulation lasts long enough, the second phase kicks in, with the sympathetic nervous system calling for new hair growth and repairs for the old ones to be made in response to the cold.

In their press release, the authors suggest that further research can focus on how the body repairs itself in response to environmental stimuli in various situations. The findings also imply that other currently unsuspected connections between the sympathetic nervous system and other parts of the body exist. These potential interactions will undoubtedly be searched for and examined.

Everybody gets goosebumps now and then. We've always assumed we knew why we still get them, even though the hypothesis had some holes. This study's findings show that the benefits of getting goosebumps are more complex than initially thought. It just goes to remind us that we still have much to learn about even the most mundane things.

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Stem Cell Therapy Market to Surpass US$ 40.3 Billion by 2027, Owing to Increasing Incidence of Spina – PharmiWeb.com

The complete version of the Report will include the impact of the COVID-19, and anticipated change on the future outlook of the industry, by taking into the account the political, economic, social, and technological parameters.

According to Global Stem Cell Therapy Market Report, by Cell Source (Adult Stem Cells, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, Embryonic Stem Cells, and Others), by Application (Musculoskeletal Disorders, Wounds and Injuries, Cancer, Autoimmune Disorders, and Others), and by Region (North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Middle East, and Africa), published by Coherent Market Insights, the global stem cell therapy market was valued at US$ 7,313.6 million in 2018, and is expected to exhibit a CAGR of 21.1% over the forecast period (2019-2027).

Increasing incidence of spinal cord injuries is expected to boost growth of the global stem cell therapy market over the forecast period. For instance, according to the National Spinal Cord Injury Statistical Center, 2016, the annual incidence of spinal cord injury (SCI) was approximately 54 cases per million population in the U.S. or approximately 17,000 new SCI cases each year. Moreover, high prevalence of leukemia is also expected to aid in growth of the market. For instance, according to the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2017, around 172,910 people in the U.S. were diagnosed with leukemia, lymphoma or myeloma in 2017.

*The Download PDF brochure only consist of Table of Content, Research Framework, and Research Methodology.

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R&D of induced pluripotent stem cells is expected to boost growth of the global stem cell therapy market over the forecast period. For instance, in April 2019, Fate Therapeutics collaborated with UC San Diego to launch off-the-shelf immunotherapy (FT500), which was developed from human induced pluripotent stem cells.

Among regions, North America accounted for the largest share in the global stem cell therapy market in 2018, and is expected to retain its dominance over the forecast period. This is attributed to increasing number of clinical trials related to stem cell therapy. For instance, in April, 2019, UCLA-UCI Alpha Stem Cell Clinic participated in a new clinical research study to investigate a stem cell product CTX0E03 DP, in order to improve function in people with chronic disability from ischemic stroke. Moreover, increasing prevalence of cancer is also expected to aid in growth of the market in North America. For instance, according to National Cancer Institute, in 2016, around 1,685,210 new cases of cancer were diagnosed in the U.S. alone.

Among cell sources, the adult stem cells segment accounted for the largest market share in the global stem cell therapy market in 2018. This is attributed to significant developments related to adult stem cells. For instance, in October 2016, Pall Corporation and RoosterBio Inc., an adult stem cell technology company, announced a co-development and marketing partnership. Under this partnership, the companies offered solutions for expansion of large-scale bioreactors of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) to accelerate product development and commercialization of stem cell based therapies in the market.

Key players in the market are focused on launching new products to expand their product portfolio. For instance, in January 2019, STEMCELL Technologies launched mTeSR Plus, a feeder-free human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) maintenance medium for avoiding conditions associated with DNA damage, genomic instability, and growth arrest in hPSCs. Similarly, in February 2018, the Institute of Integrative Biology entered into a collaboration with Anika Therapeutics, Inc., to develop an injectable mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for the treatment of osteoarthritis in patients. In 2016, Axiogenesis AG and Metrion Biosciences Ltd. entered into a collaboration to validate, optimize, and commercialize induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cells and tissues, to speed up research in drug discovery

To know the latest trends and insights prevalent in the Stem Cell Therapy Market Press Release, click the link below: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/press-release/stem-cell-therapy-market-to-surpass-us-336-billion-by-2026-1714

Key Takeaways

Key players operating in the global stem cell therapy market include Magellan, Medipost Co., Ltd, Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Kolon TissueGene, Inc., JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Anterogen Co. Ltd., Pharmicell Co., Inc., and Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc.

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Celltex Therapeutics Webinar | Houston, TX Patch – Patch.com

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Celltex Therapeutics hosts webinar on life-changing mesenchymal stem cell banking and therapy

Webinar to be hosted Wednesday, July 29

WHAT: Celltex Therapeutics, a Houston-based biotechnology company, will host a free virtual webinar Wednesday, July 29, 2020 about the benefits of utilizing your own mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and how they can lead to proven results and an improved quality of life.

Celltex is different from other regenerative medicine companies in virtually every way. Celltex is the only company in North America that has the proprietary technology to isolate, cryopreserve and culture hundreds of millions of MSCs to unparalleled levels of purity and potency in its state-of-the-art, current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) and FDA-compliant laboratory. Celltex-produced MSCs have been used in over 9,000 therapies and have improved the quality of life for countless clients, all from one small sample of adipose tissue.

The webinar will give attendees in-depth information about the benefits of receiving therapy and how Celltexs proprietary MSC technology sets them apart from the rest.

As the premier provider of adult, autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) technology, Celltex has helped countless clients improve their quality of life and hopes to bring this life-changing technology to more people in need.

WHEN: Wednesday, July 29, 2020, 11:00 a.m. via Zoom Webinar

SPEAKER: Paul Newhouse is in Celltex's Client Services department, responsible for educating interested candidates about stem cell banking and therapy, facilitating medical reviews of their individual cases, and assisting new clients who enroll throughout the entire stem cell banking and therapy process.

MORE: There is no cost to attend the webinar, but attendance is limited. RSVP today to reserve your spot: https://zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_6SPZNY2dRu-Do6dTwaNoVg. For additional questions, you can call 713-554-6817.

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New study offers first glimpse into how widespread COVID-19 antibodies are in Canada’s adult population – McGill Newsroom

Today, Canadian Blood Servicesand Canadas COVID-19 Immunity Task Force (CITF)are releasing initial results of the first 10,000 blood donor samples assessed for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. This analysis reveals that over the period May 9 through June 8, 2020, fewer than 1 per cent of the 10,000 samples from blood donors tested positive for antibodies to the novel coronavirus. Antibodies indicate past infection with SARS-CoV-2, and population studies like this one tell us how many people have likely been exposed to the virus.

These results offer a first, high-level glimpse into an ongoing Canadian Blood Services study assessing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies across nine provinces. They will be updated once Canadian Blood Services completes their analysis of the full sample of 37,800 donations made during the months of May and June 2020. In addition, Hma-Qubec will have results for Quebec in the near future, which will be important for a complete national picture, given the COVID-19 rates in that province.

While there will be adjustments to this initial figure once the full 10-province study is completed in the coming weeks, Professor Catherine Hankins, CITF Co-Chair, believes its implications bear public attention immediately, as reopening is causing a worrisome uptick in COVID-19 cases across Canada.

What is clear is that only a small percentage of adult Canadians has been infected by SARS-CoV-2, Hankins says. By far, the majority of us remain vulnerable to infection. We need to ramp up testing and tracing capacity across the country to interrupt any chains of transmission quickly to prevent unchecked spread.

CITF Co-Chair Professor David Naylor concurred: These data suggest there are several undetected infections for every case confirmed with swabs and RNA tests. That lends weight to current public health advice. Please wear a mask in public indoor spaces, wash your hands often, and practice physical distancing if youre around people who arent in your COVID-19 bubble.

Acknowledging that many more adult Canadians are infected than currently documented, Professor Timothy Evans, CITF Executive Director cautioned against over-interpreting the apparent reduction in risk. Among adults, the death rate from being infected with SARS-CoV-2 is likely closer to one per cent, as compared to the eight per cent reported to date among those diagnosed with COVID-19. But this is a highly infective virus that could take a huge toll if we allow it to spread, and we are only now learning that many survivors have persistent symptoms.

These initial results from Canadian Blood Services and CITF are a first step toward giving policymakers a deeper understanding of the COVID-19 infection rate across Canada. As further samples are analyzed by Canadian Blood Services and Hma-Qubec, the findings will offer new insights to help guide effective public health measures.

I want to thank Canadians for the sacrifices made to flatten the curve in the first wave. While these first results reflect widespread adherence with public health measures, they also mean most Canadians remain susceptible to infection, says the Honourable Patty Hajdu, Minister of Health. As we start to see case numbers rise again, we all need to follow public health advice and avoid crowded places, close-contact settings and confined spaces.

When the Government of Canada established CITF in late April 2020, Canadian Blood Services and Hma-Qubec reached out to offer their assistance. Canadas blood system became the first place the initiative looked for evidence of infection and immunity in the Canadian population.

The choice was obvious. Blood donation centres are a rapid and reliable resource for generating insights into the patterns of illness, such as COVID-19, in the broader population. Canadian Blood Services and Hma-Qubec routinely test blood donations, including tests for pathogens that can be transmitted through transfusion (SARS-CoV2 is not known to be transfusion-transmitted). Both organizations also regularly contribute to active, ethics-approved research programs like this one, some of which in the past have included seroprevalence work to guide policies.

Canadian Blood Services is proud to support the CITFs mandate, says Dr. Graham Sher, Chief Executive Officer, Canadian Blood Services. We are uniquely positioned to help by providing information on the presence of COVID-19 antibodies in a large number of people across Canada relatively quickly. This is a great opportunity and privilege for blood donors and staff at Canadian Blood Services to contribute to a national need in a novel way.

Getting an early picture of the levels of population immunity is critical to inform the public health response, says Dr. Marc Germain, Vice-President, Medical Affairs and Innovation, Hma-Qubec. We look forward in the coming days to sharing the results of the first study on antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in Quebec.

###

About the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force

The Government of Canada launched the COVID-19 Immunity Task Force in late April 2020 to measure the scope of coronavirus infection in Canada and rapidly provide information to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and safely get Canadians back to work. The Task Force has the mission of ensuring that at least one million Canadian blood samples are collected and tested over the next two years to track the spread of the virus in the general population and shed light on immune responses to it in a diversity of communities, settings, age brackets, and occupational groups across the nation. For more information visit: http://www.covid19immunitytaskforce.ca

About Canadian Blood Services

Canadian Blood Services is a not-for-profit charitable organization. Regulated by Health Canada as a biologics manufacturer and primarily funded by the provincial and territorial ministries of health, Canadian Blood Services operates with a national scope, infrastructure and governance that make it unique within Canadian healthcare. In the domain of blood, plasma, and stem cells, we provide services for patients on behalf of all provincial and territorial governments, except Quebec. The national transplant registry for interprovincial organ sharing and related programs reaches into all provinces and territories, as a biological lifeline for Canadians. For more information visit: blood.ca

Media contacts

COVID-19 Immunity Task Force Katherine Gombay katherine.gombay [at] mcgill.ca/ info [at] covid19immunitytaskforce.ca 514-717-2289

Canadian Blood Services media [at] blood.ca 1-877-709-7773

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New study offers first glimpse into how widespread COVID-19 antibodies are in Canada's adult population - McGill Newsroom

Data Shows Direct Link Between COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) In Infected P – PharmiWeb.com

PALM BEACH, Fla., July 22, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- There is a direct link between the COVID-19 virus and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 patients. According to the National Institutes of Health about 80% of COVID-19 infections are mild or asymptomatic and never require hospitalization but about 5% of patients become critically ill anddevelop acute respiratory distress syndrome. An article from Johns Hopkins Medical adds that COVID-19, can cause lung complications such as pneumoniaand, in the most severe cases, acute respiratory distress syndrome As COVID-19 pneumonia progresses, more of the air sacs become filled with fluid leaking from the tiny blood vessels in the lungs. Eventually, shortness of breath sets in, and can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, a form of lung failure. COVID-19 patients with ARDS are often unable to breath on their own and may require ventilator support to help circulate oxygen in the body. Active healthcare stocks in news today include: Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: CTXR), Moderna, Inc., (NASDAQ: MRNA), Oragenics, Inc. (NYSE: OGEN), Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE), Dynavax Technologies Corporation (NASDAQ: DVAX).

Another report from ReportsAndData addresses the result of this association on ARDS revenues. They said: "The global acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) market is expected to reach USD 934.8 Million by the year 2026, at a CAGR of 6.0%. Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a respiratory disease wherein the lungs cannot adequately deliver oxygen to the vital body organs. In Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), fluid gets accumulated in tiny elastic air sacs called alveoli and creates blockade for the lungs to breathe air oxygen is not adequately delivered to the body organs, which can affect their proper functioning. Rising R&D activities by local companies and education institutes to develop advanced and effective treatment methods for ARDS can augment regional market growth."

Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ: CTXR)BREAKING NEWS - Citius Pharmaceuticals Forms Scientific Advisory Board for the Planned Development of its Proprietary Treatment for Acute Respiratory Disease Associated with COVID-19 - Citius Pharmaceuticals ("Citius" or the "Company"), a specialty pharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing critical care drug products, announced today the formation of the Citius ARDS (Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome) Scientific Advisory Board to provide the company expert guidance on its planned development of induced mesenchymal stem cells (iMSCs) under option from Novellus, Inc. to treat and reduce the severity of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) associated with COVID -19.

The ARDS Advisory Board consultants are:

Michael A. Matthay, MD, Professor of Medicine and Anesthesia at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF), a Senior Associate at the Cardiovascular Research Institute, and Associate Director of the Critical Care Medicine at UCSF. Dr. Matthay's basic research has focused on the pathogenesis and resolution of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), with an emphasis on translational work and patient-based research, including clinical trials. Dr. Matthay's recent research has focused on the biology and potential clinical use of allogeneic bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) for ARDS. He is currently leading the "Mesenchymal Stromal Cells For Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (STAT)," a United States Department of Defense supported study of MSCs for ARDS.

Mitchell M. Levy, MD, Chief, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, where he is Professor of Medicine.Dr. Levy also serves as Medical Director of the Medical ICU at Rhode Island Hospital. He has been an investigator on numerous pharmacologic and biologic trials intended to treat sepsis, cardiovascular and pulmonary pathology. He has expertise in trial design, clinical trial execution and trial management and is one of the three founding members of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC). Dr. Levy is Past-President of the Society of Critical Care Medicine (2009).

Lorraine B. Ware, MD, Professor of Medicine and Ralph and Lulu Owen Endowed Chair, Professor of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University; Director, Vanderbilt Medical Scholars Program. Dr. Lorraine Ware's comprehensive bench-to-bedside research program centers on the pathogenesis and treatment of sepsis and acute lung injury with a current focus on mechanisms of lung epithelial and endothelial oxidative injury by cell-free hemoglobin. Dr. Ware is also a lead investigator for the "Mesenchymal Stromal Cells For Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (STAT)" study.

"We are extremely pleased to have been able to attract such a prestigious group of experts to advise and guide us in the Company's planned development of iMSC's for the treatment of ARDS" said Mr. Myron Holubiak, CEO of Citius. "These individuals are recognized opinion leaders and expert in the planning and execution of clinical trials in this therapeutic area. We will be seeking their advice in all phases of our clinical trial design."Read this full release at: https://ir.citiuspharma.com/press-releases/detail/109/citius-pharmaceuticals-forms-scientific-advisory-board-for

In other healthcare news of note:

Dynavax Technologies Corporation (NASDAQ: DVAX), a biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing novel vaccines, and the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai ("Mount Sinai") announced they have entered into a collaboration to develop a universal influenza (flu) vaccine. Mount Sinai's current work in this area is funded under a contract award from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), as part of the Collaborative Influenza Vaccine Innovation Centers (CIVICs) program established by NIAID.The Mount Sinai CIVICs team will evaluate a novel approach they have developed called chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA) designed to protect against all strains of influenza in combination with Dynavax's CpG 1018TM adjuvant.

The development program will support an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for Phase I clinical trials. Drs. Peter Palese, PhD, Professor and Chair of the Department of Microbiology at Mount Sinai, Adolfo-Garcia-Sastre, PhD, Director of the Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, and the Irene and Dr. Arthur M. Fishberg Professor of Microbiology and Medicine (Infectious Diseases) at Mount Sinai, and Florian Krammer, PhD, Professor of Microbiology at Mount Sinai will be leading the development of the program.

Pfizer Inc. (NYSE: PFE) and BioNTech SE (NASDAQ: BNTX) announced the execution of an agreement with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and the Department of Defense to meet the U.S. government's Operation Warp Speed program goal to begin delivering 300 million doses of a vaccine for COVID-19 in 2021. Under the agreement, the U.S. government will receive 100 million doses of BNT162, the COVID-19 vaccine candidate jointly developed by Pfizer and BioNTech, after Pfizer successfully manufactures and obtains approval or emergency use authorization from U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

Oragenics, Inc. (NYSE American: OGEN) announced that the National Institutes of Health (the "NIH") created stabilized pre-fusion spike protein (CoV-2 S-2P) licensed by the Company has generated neutralizing antibodies in mice during immunization against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.

The NIH's preclinical study shows that this spike protein, adjuvanted with the TLR-4-agonist Sigma Adjuvant System (a TLR-4 agonists that induces T cell activation), generates neutralizing antibody titers in both a pseudovirus neutralization assay and a plaque reduction neutralization titer (PRNT) assay. In addition, this immunization produced a balanced Th1/Th2 response. The results are reported in Corbett et al. BioRxiv. 2020

Moderna, Inc., (NASDAQ: MRNA) a clinical stage biotechnology company pioneering messenger RNA (mRNA) therapeutics and vaccines to create a new generation of transformative medicines for patients, recently announced the publication of an interim analysis of the open-label Phase 1 study of mRNA-1273, its vaccine candidate against COVID-19, in The New England Journal of Medicine. This interim analysis evaluated a two-dose vaccination schedule of mRNA-1273 given 28 days apart across three dose levels (25, 100, 250 g) in 45 healthy adult participants ages 18-55 years, and reports results through Day 57. Results from participants in the initial dose cohorts who received both vaccinations and were evaluated at pre-specified timepoints reaffirm the positive interim data assessment announced on May 18th and show mRNA-1273 induced rapid and strong immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. The study was led by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).

DISCLAIMER: FN Media Group LLC (FNM), which owns and operates Financialnewsmedia.com and MarketNewsUpdates.com, is a third party publisher and news dissemination service provider, which disseminates electronic information through multiple online media channels.FNM is NOT affiliated in any manner with any company mentioned herein.FNM and its affiliated companies are a news dissemination solutions provider and are NOT a registered broker/dealer/analyst/adviser, holds no investment licenses and may NOT sell, offer to sell or offer to buy any security.FNM's market updates, news alerts and corporate profiles are NOT a solicitation or recommendation to buy, sell or hold securities.The material in this release is intended to be strictly informational and is NEVER to be construed or interpreted as research material.All readers are strongly urged to perform research and due diligence on their own and consult a licensed financial professional before considering any level of investing in stocks.All material included herein is republished content and details which were previously disseminated by the companies mentioned in this release.FNM is not liable for any investment decisions by its readers or subscribers.Investors are cautioned that they may lose all or a portion of their investment when investing in stocks.For current services performed FNM was compensated forty five hundred dollars for news coverage of the current press releases issued by Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc. by a non affiliated third party.FNM HOLDS NO SHARES OF ANY COMPANY NAMED IN THIS RELEASE.

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Data Shows Direct Link Between COVID-19 and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) In Infected P - PharmiWeb.com

The global cell expansion market size is estimated to be USD 14.9 billion in 2020 and projected to reach USD 30.1 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 15.1%…

Increasing incidence of chronic diseases, and government investments for cell-based research are set to drive the cell expansion market.

NEW YORK, July 22, 2020 /PRNewswire/ --

Read the full report: https://www.reportlinker.com/p05773305/?utm_source=PRN

The global cell expansion market size is estimated to be USD 14.9 billion in 2020 and projected to reach USD 30.1 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 15.1%. Growth in this market is largely driven by the increasing incidence of chronic diseases, government investments for cell-based research, growing focus on personalized medicine, increasing focus on R&D for cell-based therapies, and increasing GMP certifications for cell therapy production facilities. On the other hand, ethical concerns regarding research in cell biology are expected to limit market growth to a certain extent in the coming years.

By instruments type, the cell expansion supporting equipment accounted for the fasted growing product segment of the cell expansion market The instruments segment includes cell expansion supporting equipment, bioreactors, and automated cell expansion systems.The cell expansion supporting equipment market includes flow cytometers, cell counters and hemocytometers, centrifuges, and other supporting equipment.

They are used in cell culture processes for isolating, culturing, scaling-up, and extracting biological products. These instruments are essential in laboratories and institutes for conducting research and analyzing the cell structure and function for cell therapy research. By cell type, the human cells segment accounted for the largest share of the cell expansion market

Based on cell type, the cell expansion market is segmented into human cells and animal cells.The human cells segment includes stem cells and differentiated cells.

The stem cells segment is further classified into adult stem cells, ESCs, and iPSCs. The human cells segment accounted for the larger share of the cell expansion market majorly due to the increasing investments by public and private organizations for research on human cells, growing application areas of human stem cells, and the growing incidence of diseases such as cancer.

Asia Pacific: The fastest-growing region in the cell expansion market. The Asia Pacific market is projected to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period, mainly due to the increasing focus of players on emerging Asian markets, increasing incidence of chronic and infectious diseases, rising geriatric population, and government initiatives for infrastructural improvements of healthcare facilities are driving the growth of the cell expansion market in this region.

North America: the largest share of the cell expansion market North America accounted for the largest share of the cell expansion market. The large share of this segment can primarily be attributed to the rising incidence of cancer, increasing government funding, rising research activates on stem cell therapies, growing awareness regarding advanced treatment methods, growing geriatric population, and the strong presence of industry players in the region.

Breakdown of primaries The study contains insights from various industry experts, ranging from component suppliers to Tier 1 companies and OEMs. The break-up of the primaries is as follows: By Company Type Tier 1- 70%, Tier 2- 20% and Tier 3 - 10% By Designation C level Executives- 30%, Directors- 20%, Others - 50% By Region North America - 35%, Europe - 24%, APAC 25%, RoW- 16%

The cell expansion market is dominated by a few globally established players such as Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc. (US), Danaher (US), Becton, Dickinson and Company (US), Lonza (Switzerland), Corning, Inc. (US), Merck KGaA (Germany), Sartorius Stedim Biotech (France), Getinge AB (Sweden) Terumo Corporation (Japan), Miltenyi Biotec (Germany), PromoCell GmbH (Germany), Takara Bio Inc. (Japan), Solida Biotech GmBH (Germany), HiMedia Laboratories (India), Getinge AB, REPROCELL Inc. (Japan), Kohjin-Bio (Japan), Pierre Gurin (France), Cellexus Ltd.(UK), Eppendorf AG (Germany), CellGenix GmbH (Germany), iXCells Biotechnologies (US), Neuromics (US), Celltainer Biotech B.V. (Netherlands), and G&G Technologies (US).

Research Coverage: The report segments the cell expansion market based on region (Asia Pacific, Europe, North America, and RoW), product (consumables and instruments), cell type (human cells and animal cells), application (regenerative medicine and stem cell research, cancer and cell-based research and other applications), and end user (research institutes, biotechnology and biopharmaceutical companies, cell banks, and other end users). The report also provides a comprehensive review of market drivers, restraints, and opportunities in the cell expansion market.

Key Benefits of Buying the Report: The report will help the leaders/new entrants in this market with information on the closest approximations of the revenue numbers for the overall market and the sub-segments.This report will help stakeholders understand the competitive landscape and gain more insights to better position their businesses and plan suitable go-to-market strategies.

The report also helps stakeholders understand the pulse of the cell expansion market and provides them information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities.

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The global cell expansion market size is estimated to be USD 14.9 billion in 2020 and projected to reach USD 30.1 billion by 2025, at a CAGR of 15.1%...

Charles Darwin Investigated Goosebumps Now Harvard Scientists Discover the Real Reason Behind Them – SciTechDaily

Harvard scientists find that the same cell types that cause goosebumps are responsible for controlling hair growth.

If youve ever wondered why we get goosebumps, youre in good company so did Charles Darwin, who mused about them in his writings on evolution. Goosebumps might protect animals with thick fur from the cold, but we humans dont seem to benefit from the reaction much so why has it been preserved during evolution all this time?

In a new study, Harvard University scientists have discovered the reason: the cell types that cause goosebumps are also important for regulating the stem cells that regenerate the hair follicle and hair. Underneath the skin, the muscle that contracts to create goosebumps is necessary to bridge the sympathetic nerves connection to hair follicle stem cells. The sympathetic nerve reacts to cold by contracting the muscle and causing goosebumps in the short term, and by driving hair follicle stem cell activation and new hair growth over the long term.

Published in the journal Cell, these findings in mice give researchers a better understanding of how different cell types interact to link stem cell activity with changes in the outside environment.

We have always been interested in understanding how stem cell behaviors are regulated by external stimuli. The skin is a fascinating system: it has multiple stem cells surrounded by diverse cell types, and is located at the interface between our body and the outside world. Therefore, its stem cells could potentially respond to a diverse array of stimuli from the niche, the whole body, or even the outside environment, said Ya-Chieh Hsu, the Alvin and Esta Star Associate Professor of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, who led the study in collaboration with Professor Sung-Jan Lin of National Taiwan University. In this study, we identify an interesting dual-component niche that not only regulates the stem cells under steady state, but also modulates stem cell behaviors according to temperature changes outside.

Many organs are made of three types of tissue: epithelium, mesenchyme, and nerve. In the skin, these three lineages are organized in a special arrangement. The sympathetic nerve, part of our nervous system that controls body homeostasis and our responses to external stimuli, connects with a tiny smooth muscle in the mesenchyme. This smooth muscle in turn connects to hair follicle stem cells, a type of epithelial stem cell critical for regenerating the hair follicle as well as repairing wounds.

The connection between the sympathetic nerve and the muscle has been well known, since they are the cellular basis behind goosebumps: the cold triggers sympathetic neurons to send a nerve signal, and the muscle reacts by contracting and causing the hair to stand on end. However, when examining the skin under extremely high resolution using electron microscopy, the researchers found that the sympathetic nerve not only associated with the muscle, but also formed a direct connection to the hair follicle stem cells. In fact, the nerve fibers wrapped around the hair follicle stem cells like a ribbon.

We could really see at an ultrastructure level how the nerve and the stem cell interact. Neurons tend to regulate excitable cells, like other neurons or muscle with synapses. But we were surprised to find that they form similar synapse-like structures with an epithelial stem cell, which is not a very typical target for neurons, Hsu said.

Next, the researchers confirmed that the nerve indeed targeted the stem cells. The sympathetic nervous system is normally activated at a constant low level to maintain body homeostasis, and the researchers found that this low level of nerve activity maintained the stem cells in a poised state ready for regeneration. Under prolonged cold, the nerve was activated at a much higher level and more neurotransmitters were released, causing the stem cells to activate quickly, regenerate the hair follicle, and grow new hair.

The researchers also investigated what maintained the nerve connections to the hair follicle stem cells. When they removed the muscle connected to the hair follicle, the sympathetic nerve retracted and the nerve connection to the hair follicle stem cells was lost, showing that the muscle was a necessary structural support to bridge the sympathetic nerve to the hair follicle.

In addition to studying the hair follicle in its fully formed state, the researchers investigated how the system initially develops how the muscle and nerve reach the hair follicle in the first place.

We discovered that the signal comes from the developing hair follicle itself. It secretes a protein that regulates the formation of the smooth muscle, which then attracts the sympathetic nerve. Then in the adult, the interaction turns around, with the nerve and muscle together regulating the hair follicle stem cells to regenerate the new hair follicle. Its closing the whole circle the developing hair follicle is establishing its own niche, said Yulia Shwartz, a postdoctoral fellow in the Hsu lab. She was a co-first author of the study, along with Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro, a graduate student in the Hsu Lab, and Chih-Lung Chen, a postdoctoral fellow in the Lin lab.

With these experiments, the researchers identified a two-component system that regulates hair follicle stem cells. The nerve is the signaling component that activates the stem cells through neurotransmitters, while the muscle is the structural component that allows the nerve fibers to directly connect with hair follicle stem cells.

You can regulate hair follicle stem cells in so many different ways, and they are wonderful models to study tissue regeneration, Shwartz said. This particular reaction is helpful for coupling tissue regeneration with changes in the outside world, such as temperature. Its a two-layer response: goosebumps are a quick way to provide some sort of relief in the short term. But when the cold lasts, this becomes a nice mechanism for the stem cells to know its maybe time to regenerate new hair coat.

In the future, the researchers will further explore how the external environment might influence the stem cells in the skin, both under homeostasis and in repair situations such as wound healing.

We live in a constantly changing environment. Since the skin is always in contact with the outside world, it gives us a chance to study what mechanisms stem cells in our body use to integrate tissue production with changing demands, which is essential for organisms to thrive in this dynamic world, Hsu said.

Reference: Cell Types Promoting Goosebumps Form a Niche to Regulate Hair Follicle Stem Cells by Yulia Shwartz, Meryem Gonzalez-Celeiro, Chih-Lung Chen, H. Amalia Pasolli, Shu-Hsien Sheu, Sabrina Mai-Yi Fan, Farnaz Shamsi, Steven Assaad, Edrick Tai-Yu Lin, Bing Zhang, Pai-Chi Tsai, Megan He, Yu-Hua Tseng, Sung-Jan Lin and Ya-Chieh Hsu, 16 July 2020, Cell. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.06.031

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Charles Darwin Investigated Goosebumps Now Harvard Scientists Discover the Real Reason Behind Them - SciTechDaily

Higher Steaks Creates World’s First Lab-Grown Bacon and Pork Belly – The Spoon

United Kingdom based startup Higher Steaks announced today they have successfully created the worlds first lab-grown prototypes for bacon and pork belly.

The production of the first cultivated bacon is big news for those excited for alternatives to industrially produced meat. While 2020 has been a big year for alt-pork, with Impossible launching their plant-based pork at CES and Omnipork debuting their plant-based pork shoulder, this news from Higher Steaks marks the first time bacon and pork belly has been developed from actual animal cells.

The interest in alt-pork shouldnt be surprising since the meat from pigs is the most consumed type of meat in the world. However, countries like China have seen huge viral threats to their pig population, with around half being wiped out in 2019 due to Swine Fever.

According to company CEO Benjamina Bollag, the protoypes took approximately one month to create, developed from a type of a highly adaptable type of stem cell called induced pluripotent stem cells.

In nature, you have adult stem cells and embryonic stem cells, Bollag told The Spoon in an interview. And this is a way of taking any cell in the body and bringing it back to the embryonic state. Which means that you can expand those cells a lot more and you can make any type of tissue.

According to Bollag, the company used stem cells to create muscle tissue, and used a combination of plant protein and fats to round out the prototype. In the future, Bollag says the company intends to use stem cells to create the other parts of the bacon.

For Higher Steaks, creating the worlds first lab-grown bacon prototype is a big accomplishment. Dutch startup Meatable raised $10 million late last year as part of their effort to create a lab-grown pork, while New Age Meats debuted a lab-grown pork sausage prototype in 2018.

If youre excited to try out cultivated bacon, you may have to wait a few years. According to Bollag, lab-grown bacon and pork belly will take a while to get to market.

So I think in the next two to three years, youll start seeing it in the upper end, maybe in select restaurants, small quantities said Bollag. I think for it to be mass market, really price comparison and supermarket, youre looking more around five years.

You can see my full interview with Bollag talking about the development of their bacon and pork belly prototypes below.

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Higher Steaks Creates World's First Lab-Grown Bacon and Pork Belly - The Spoon

Stem Cells Market Analysis Growth Opportunities and Demand Drives by 2016 to 2028 – Jewish Life News

The report provides insights on opportunities, restraints, drivers, trends, and forecasts up to 2028. As per the over view of the globalStem cells marketthe market was at US$ xx mn in 2019 and is expected grow at a CAGR of xx% over the forecast period 2016 2028. The detailed study of the business of the Stem cells market covers the estimation size of the market in terms of volume and value.

In an attempt to identify the opportunities for growth in the Stem cells market, the industry analysis was geographically divided into significant regions that are progressing faster than the overall market.

Each market player included in the study of Stem cells market is evaluated according to its production footprint, market share, existing and new launches, current R&D projects, and business strategies. Also, the Stem cells market study evaluates the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis. The report evaluates and explores the progress outlook for the global Stem cells market environment, including sales, production & usage and historical data & forecasting.

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ThisPress Release will help you to understand the size, growth opportunities with Trends that control the market.

What insights will readers obtain from the report on the Stem cells market?

This report is customized by segment, by sub-segment, by region/country, along with a product specific competitive analysis to meet your specific requirements.

Important objectives of this report are:To estimate the market size for Stem cells market on a regional and global basis, to identify major segments in Stem cells market and evaluate their market shares and demand, to provide a competitive scenario for the Stem cells market with major developments observed by key companies in the historic years, and to evaluate key factors governing the dynamics of the Stem cells market with their potential gravity during the forecast period.

The Key Players mentioned in our report are: BioTime Inc., Cytori Therapeutics, Inc., STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Astellas Pharma Inc., U.S. Stem Cell, Inc., Osiris Therapeutics, Inc., Takara Bio Inc., Caladrius Biosciences, Inc., Cellular Engineering Technologies Inc., BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics Inc.

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Market Segmentation:

By Product:

Adult Stem Cell

Human Embryonic Stem Cell

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell

By Sources:

Autologous

Allogeneic

By Application:

Regenerative Medicine

Drug Discovery & Development

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Therapeutic Companies

Cell & Tissues Banks

Tools & Reagent Companies

Service Companies

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Canada

Mexico

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UK

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Stem Cells Market Analysis Growth Opportunities and Demand Drives by 2016 to 2028 - Jewish Life News

Local scientists create ‘mini livers’ to trial therapies for liver diseases – The Straits Times

Local scientists here have successfully created human liver organoids, or "mini livers", to help them develop and trial therapies for various liver diseases.

This is part of a research collaboration between the Agency for Science, Technology and Research's Genome Institute of Singapore (GIS) and the National University of Singapore (NUS). The liver organoids, each with a diameter of around 0.5mm, are able to capture the functional and structural features of the human liver.

Cultivated in vitro in a petri dish, the organoids are grown outside the body from stem cells, which are initially reprogrammed from human skin cells over a three-month period.

To better understand the effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) on the organ, the liver organoid cells are supplemented with a fatty acid-rich nutrient, to replicate the effect of high carbohydrate and fatty food intake, which is said to be the primary cause of the disease.

Characterised by the building up of fat in the livers of people who consume little to no alcohol, the disease is often associated with obesity and Type 2 diabetes, affecting up to a third of the local adult population.

When fatty food is consumed, hepatocytes, which make up around 80 per cent of the cells within the liver, help to store and process excess fats.

Cholesterol from these fats are then secreted into liver canals known as the bile canaliculi, before reaching the gastrointestinal system where it is absorbed into the blood.

However, too much fat being accumulated in the liver may result in disruptions to the structure and function of the hepatocyte cells, while the bile canaliculi may end up being shortened or diminished.

When combined, this could lead to liver injury, eventually hampering the organ's function over time.

In more severe cases, the disease could lead to liver cancer and liver cirrhosis, where the liver no longer functions properly, owing to long-term damage.

Liver organoids developing in a dish (far left) and a visualisation of different cell types and liver structures in the organoids, including hepatocyte cells and bile canaliculi (both in green). PHOTO: GENOME INSTITUTE OF SINGAPORE

Associate Professor Dan Yock Young of NUS' Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine said: "Patients with early stage NAFLD remain largely asymptomatic, and the disease progresses silently over the years.

"What drives the disease progression and liver injury remains largely unknown. The development of advanced human liver models of the disease will provide a critical tool for researchers to identify molecular drivers of the disease."

Through the liver organoid model, scientists can observe and capture molecular and structural changes of the liver as the disease progresses - all within the course of a week.

In addition, the organoid model could also serve as a useful tool for drug testing and screening, given that there are currently no approved therapies for NAFLD.

As the disease is closely associated with obesity, the treatment recommendations for patients with liver disease are often dietary and lifestyle changes.

Professor Ng Huck Hui, senior group leader at GIS, said: "The increase in prevalence of liver disease and the lack of therapeutics place a huge burden on healthcare systems worldwide.

"There is a dire need to better understand liver biology in order to develop advanced cellular models of disease, and novel therapies."

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Local scientists create 'mini livers' to trial therapies for liver diseases - The Straits Times