Category Archives: Embryonic Stem Cells


AgeX Therapeutics Reports Fourth Quarter and Annual 2020 Financial Results and Provides Business Update – Business Wire

ALAMEDA, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. (AgeX; NYSE American: AGE), a biotechnology company developing therapeutics for human aging and regeneration, reported its financial and operating results for the fourth quarter and the full year ended December 31, 2020.

Recent Highlights

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Amendment to 2019 Loan Agreement

On February 10, 2021, AgeX entered into an amendment to its 2019 Loan Facility Agreement with Juvenescence Limited (Juvenescence). The Amendment extends the maturity date of loans under the agreement to February 14, 2022 and increases the amount of the loan facility by $4.0 million. All loans in excess of the initial $2.0 million that AgeX previously borrowed are subject to Juvenescences discretion.

At-the-market Offering Facility

During January 2021 AgeX entered into a sales agreement with Chardan Capital Markets LLC (Chardan) for the sale of shares of AgeX common stock in at-the-market (ATM) transactions. In accordance with the terms of the sales agreement, AgeX may offer and sell shares of common stock having an aggregate offering price of up to $12.6 million through Chardan acting as the sales agent. Through March 26, 2021, AgeX raised approximately $496,000 in gross proceeds through the sale of shares of common stock.

Going Concern Considerations

As required under Accounting Standards Update 2014-15, Presentation of Financial Statements-Going Concern (ASC 205-40), AgeX evaluates whether conditions and/or events raise substantial doubt about its ability to meet its future financial obligations as they become due within one year after the date its financial statements are issued. Based on AgeXs most recent projected cash flows, AgeX believes that its cash and cash equivalents and available sources of debt and equity capital would not be sufficient to satisfy AgeXs anticipated operating and other funding requirements for the twelve months following the filing of AgeXs Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. These factors raise substantial doubt regarding the ability of AgeX to continue as a going concern.

Balance Sheet Information

Cash, and cash equivalents, and restricted cash totaled $0.6 million as of December 31, 2020, as compared with $2.5 million as of December 31, 2019. Since January 1, 2021, AgeX had cash proceeds of approximately $3.2 million through loans from Juvenescence, sales of shares of AgeX common stock, and the disposition of its subsidiary LifeMap Sciences, Inc. (LifeMap Sciences) through a cash-out merger.

Fourth Quarter and Annual 2020 Operating Results

Revenues: Total Revenues for the fourth quarter of 2020 were $0.5 million. Total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 were $1.9 million, as compared with $1.7 million in the same period in 2019. AgeX revenue was primarily generated by its subsidiary LifeMap Sciences, Inc. which AgeX disposed of on March 15, 2021 through a cash-out merger. Revenues for the year ended December 31, 2020 also included approximately $0.3 million of allowable expenses under a research grant from the NIH as compared with $0.2 million in the same period in 2019.

Operating expenses: Operating expenses for the three months ended December 31, 2020, were $2.9 million, as reported, which was comprised of $2.5 million for AgeX and $0.4 million for LifeMap Sciences, and were $2.3 million, as adjusted, comprised of $2.0 million for AgeX and $0.3 million for LifeMap Sciences.

Operating expenses for the full year 2020 were $12.4 million, as reported, which was comprised of $10.4 million for AgeX and $2.0 million for LifeMap Sciences, and were $10.2 million, as adjusted, comprised of $8.7 million for AgeX and $1.5 million for LifeMap Sciences.

Research and development expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $0.9 million to $5.0 million from $5.9 million in 2019. The decrease was primarily attributable to the layoff of research and development personnel in May 2020.

General and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2020 decreased by $0.7 million to $7.4 million from $8.1 million in 2019. Increases in personnel costs related to an increase in administrative staffing were offset to some extent by a decrease in noncash stock-based compensation expense, general office expense and supplies and travel related expenses with the shelter in place mandates since March 15, 2020 resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, and the elimination of shared facilities and services fees from AgeXs former parent Lineage Cell Therapeutics, Inc. following the termination of a Shared Facilities and Services Agreement on September 30, 2019.

The reconciliation between operating expenses determined in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) and operating expenses, as adjusted, a non-GAAP measure, is provided in the financial tables included at the end of this press release.

Other expense, net: Net other expense for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $0.5 million, as compared with net other income of $0.3 million in the same period in 2019. The change is primarily attributable to increased amortization of deferred debt costs to interest expense following the consummation of loan agreements.

Net loss attributable to AgeX: The net loss attributable to AgeX for the year ended December 31, 2020 was $10.9 million, or ($0.29) per share (basic and diluted) compared to $12.2 million, or ($0.33) per share (basic and diluted), for the same period in 2019.

About AgeX Therapeutics

AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. (NYSE American: AGE) is focused on developing and commercializing innovative therapeutics to treat human diseases to increase healthspan and combat the effects of aging. AgeXs PureStem and UniverCyte manufacturing and immunotolerance technologies are designed to work together to generate highly defined, universal, allogeneic, off-the-shelf pluripotent stem cell-derived young cells of any type for application in a variety of diseases with a high unmet medical need. AgeX has two preclinical cell therapy programs: AGEX-VASC1 (vascular progenitor cells) for tissue ischemia and AGEX-BAT1 (brown fat cells) for Type II diabetes. AgeXs revolutionary longevity platform induced Tissue Regeneration (iTR) aims to unlock cellular immortality and regenerative capacity to reverse age-related changes within tissues. HyStem is AgeXs delivery technology to stably engraft PureStem or other cell therapies in the body. AgeX is seeking opportunities to establish licensing and collaboration arrangements around its broad IP estate and proprietary technology platforms and therapy product candidates.

For more information, please visit http://www.agexinc.com or connect with the company on Twitter, LinkedIn, Facebook, and YouTube.

Forward-Looking Statements

Certain statements contained in this release are forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Any statements that are not historical fact including, but not limited to statements that contain words such as will, believes, plans, anticipates, expects, estimates should also be considered forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results may differ materially from the results anticipated in these forward-looking statements and as such should be evaluated together with the many uncertainties that affect the business of AgeX Therapeutics, Inc. and its subsidiaries, particularly those mentioned in the cautionary statements found in more detail in the Risk Factors section of AgeXs most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commissions (copies of which may be obtained at http://www.sec.gov). Subsequent events and developments may cause these forward-looking statements to change. AgeX specifically disclaims any obligation or intention to update or revise these forward-looking statements as a result of changed events or circumstances that occur after the date of this release, except as required by applicable law.

AGEX THERAPEUTICS, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value amounts)

December 31,

2020

2019

ASSETS

CURRENT ASSETS

Cash and cash equivalents

$

527

$

2,352

Accounts and grants receivable, net

326

363

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

1,430

1,339

Total current assets

2,283

4,054

Link:
AgeX Therapeutics Reports Fourth Quarter and Annual 2020 Financial Results and Provides Business Update - Business Wire

Research Associate in Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine job with KINGS COLLEGE LONDON | 246711 – Times Higher Education (THE)

Job description The Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine is located in Guys Hospital. It is internationally recognized for research on adult and pluripotent stem cells and is a focus for cutting-edge stem cell research currently taking place across the College and its partner NHS trusts, as part of Kings Health Partners. Through the Centre, Kings aims to drive collaboration between scientists and clinicians to translate the potential of stem cells into clinical reality for patients. Applications are invited for a postdoctoral researcher funded as part of the PIs Wellcome Clinical Fellowship, and will work with a dynamic group of scientists focussed on reproductive biology, early embryonic development and the causes of infertility. The post holder will contribute to the regenerative medicine theme and will be involved in the generation and processing of single cell experiments using a variety of techniques. This is an exciting opportunity following our recent work (Sangrithi et al. 2017, Dev Cell & Lau et al. 2020, Dev Cell). The project aims to discover the function of genes on the X-chromosome in male germline stem cells (spermatogonia) and their role in idiopathic and sex chromosome aneuploidy associated infertility. We aim to understand physiological gene regulatory networks functional in spermatogonial stem cells using a combination of single-cell methods, to explain how perturbation in X-gene dosage in SSCs may cause infertility. The postholder will also identify and validate candidate disease bio-markers. This post will be offered on an a fixed-term contract until 05/04/2026 This is a full-time post - 100% full time equivalent

Key responsibilities Carry out world class research. Are adept at working in a wet lab setting with experience in designing and executing experiments. Familiarity in single cell work nucleic acid manipulation is desirable Communicate results effectively in writing and orally Contribute to publications arising from the research projects Keep clear and up-to-date records of work Attend and present at seminars, journal clubs and conferences Contribute to collaborative atmosphere of the department Share skills by training others Comply with all relevant safety legislation to ensure a safe working environment Take part in public engagement activities To support grant writing, for maintaining the continual research in this domain, e.g. Fellowships Post holder will be expected to plan and prioritise their own workload, with competing and shifting priorities under pressure of deadlines The above list of responsibilities may not be exhaustive, and the post holder will be required to undertake such tasks and responsibilities as may reasonably be expected within the scope and grading of the post.

Skills, knowledge, and experience

Essential criteria PhD awarded in the biological sciences Excellent general knowledge of molecular biology Knowledge of cell biology Knowledge of flow cytometry Relevant postdoctoral experience Experience in a molecular biology research lab Excellent record keeping / attention to detail Organized and systematic approach to research Pro-active, enthusiastic, positive attitude Self-motivated, with the ability to work under pressure & to meet deadlines Keen interest in infertility and regenerative medicine Ability to think strategically

Desirable criteria Understanding of the biology of germ cells and embryo development Previous experience in working with the laboratory mouse ES cell culture experience General knowledge of computational tools for single cell RNAseq Ability to make collaborative and independent decisions *Please note that this is a PhD level role but candidates who have submitted their thesis and are awaiting award of their PhDs will be considered. In these circumstances the appointment will be made at Grade 5, spine point 30 with the title of Research Assistant. Upon confirmation of the award of the PhD, the job title will become Research Associate and the salary will increase to Grade 6. Further information ABOUT THE SCHOOL The School of Basic & Medical Biosciences is led by Professor Mathias Gautel and comprises five departments with a wide range of expertise and interests. Using a bench to bedside approach, the School aims to answer fundamental questions about biology in health and disease and apply this to the development of new and innovative clinical practise, alongside providing a rigorous academic programme for students. Departments The Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS) uses an integrative and translational research approach focusing on fundamental questions about human physiological function in health and disease to explore 3 research themes: skeletal muscle & aging, sensory-motor control & pain and aerospace & extreme environment adaptation. The Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine focuses on cutting-edge stem cell research, how stem cells interact with their local environment and how these interactions are important for developing effective cell therapies in the clinic. The Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics uses cutting-edge technologies and analysis techniques to explore the mechanistic basis of disease, improve diagnostics and understand the epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation and RNA processing, working from whole population level to complex and rare disease genomes The Randall Centre of Cell & Molecular Biophysics takes a multi-disciplinary approach at the interface of Biological and Physical Sciences to explore the underlying mechanisms behind common diseases. St Johns Institute of Dermatology seeks to improve the diagnosis and management of severe skin diseases, through a better understanding of the basic pathogenetic mechanisms that cause and sustain these conditions focussing on cutaneous oncology, genetic skin disorders, inflammatory & autoimmune skin disorders, and photomedicine. About the Department of Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine The Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative Medicine is led by Professor Fiona Watt, whos laboratory comprises approximately 30 research staff and visiting scientists and is internationally recognised for research on adult and pluripotent stem cells. Along with Professor Watts group there are nine other research groups operating at the Centre, bringing the total number of staff to approximately 80 people. Research at the Centre is focused on how stem cells interact with their local environment, or niche. We believe that an understanding of these interactions is important for developing effective cell therapies in the clinic. Located on the Guys Hospital campus, the Centre acts as a focus for cutting-edge stem cell research taking place across the College and its partner NHS Trusts, as part of Kings Health Partners. To facilitate collaborations within Kings and with external partners, we have opened a Stem Cell Hotel where researchers can access specialist equipment and technical support to study stem cell behaviour at single cell resolution. We also host an international seminar series and run the Stem Cells @ Lunch seminar series to share ideas and unpublished data. Our researchers are committed to public engagement and take part in diverse outreach events.Detailed information about the Centre for Stem Cells & Regenerative medicine can be found in the link below: http://www.kcl.ac.uk/lsm/research/divisions/gmm/departments/stemcells/index.aspx

Continued here:
Research Associate in Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine job with KINGS COLLEGE LONDON | 246711 - Times Higher Education (THE)

Stem Cells Market Size 2021 by Share Growing Rapidly with Recent Trends, Size, Development, Revenue, Demand and Forecast to 2024 NeighborWebSJ -…

Healthcare

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The content of the study subjects, includes a total of 15 chapters:

Chapter 1, to describe Stem Cells product scope, market overview, market opportunities, market driving force and market risks.

Chapter 2, to profile the top manufacturers of Stem Cells, with price, sales, revenue and global market share of Stem Cells in 2017 and 2018.

Chapter 3, the Stem Cells competitive situation, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are analyzed emphatically by landscape contrast.

Chapter 4, the Stem Cells breakdown data are shown at the regional level, to show the sales, revenue and growth by regions, from 2014 to 2019.

Chapter 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9, to break the sales data at the country level, with sales, revenue and market share for key countries in the world, from 2014 to 2019.

Chapter 10 and 11, to segment the sales by type and application, with sales market share and growth rate by type, application, from 2014 to 2019.

Chapter 12, Stem Cells market forecast, by regions, type and application, with sales and revenue, from 2019 to 2024.

Chapter 13, 14 and 15, to describe Stem Cells sales channel, distributors, customers, research findings and conclusion, appendix and data source.

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Table of Contents of Stem Cells Market:

1 Market Overview

1.1 Stem Cells Introduction

1.2 Market Analysis by Type

1.2.1 Type 1

1.2.2 Type 2

1.3 Market Analysis by Applications

1.3.1 Application 1

1.3.2 Application 2

1.4 Market Analysis by Regions

1.4.1 North America (United States, Canada and Mexico)

1.4.1.1 United States Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.1.2 Canada Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.1.3 Mexico Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.2 Europe (Germany, France, UK, Russia and Italy)

1.4.2.1 Germany Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.2.2 France Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.2.3 UK Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.2.4 Russia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.2.5 Italy Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.3 Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India and Southeast Asia)

1.4.3.1 China Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.3.2 Japan Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.3.3 Korea Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.3.4 India Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.3.5 Southeast Asia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.4 South America, Middle East and Africa

1.4.4.1 Brazil Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.4.2 Egypt Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.4.3 Saudi Arabia Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.4.4 South Africa Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

1.4.4.5 Turkey Market States and Outlook (2014-2024)

..

Continued..

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Cell transplant therapy could be a treatment for leading cause of blindness – The Denver Channel

CINCINNATI, Ohio Donuts have a way of pleasing the senses. Chocolate, blueberry, glazed you can almost taste them just by looking at them. What if you couldn't see the wide selection?

Cheri McDaniel, who started Ms. Cheri's Donuts in 2009, has been losing her eyesight more and more every year.

"People's faces from across the room, if I don't know who you are, I can't see your face," McDaniel said.

Shes one of 11 million Americans slowly losing her eyesight due to macular degeneration.

Macular degeneration is the leading cause of visual loss among American senior citizens. It affects one out of every three American senior citizens so its a pretty big deal, said Dr. Chris Riemann, a retinal surgeon at Cincinnati Eye Institute.

Dr. Riemann says macular degeneration withers away at the back of the eye. McDaniel has been seeing him since she was diagnosed with the disease in her 40s.

The UV rays can destroy your eyes and smoking," McDaniel said. "I did smoke I quit like 20 years ago because I still remember Dr. Riemann saying the very first time I went to him that if you dont quit smoking while youre dying of your lung cancer, you will be blind. And I was like oh, thank you!

McDaniel says her vision loss has gotten far worse in the last five years.

I cant tell you the last time I read a book, because I cant see it, even with my glasses and a magnifying glass.

McDaniel says she thought she would eventually lose vision completely, especially because her form of the disease the most common form in the U.S. has no approved treatment options. Then Dr. Riemann told her about a clinical trial for a cell transplant therapy called OpRegen.

It is a cell line that we actually inject under the retina of patients with the geographic atrophy to try to replace the cells that are atrophying away, Dr. Riemann said. They are ethically sourced human embryonic stem cells that come from discarded in vitro fertilization embryos.

McDaniel says she was told she would be the 26th person in the world to be a part of the early-phase FDA trial.

She found it nerve-wracking, but says she mostly felt honored to be a part of the new therapy.

If its a chance to see or be blind, youre kind of up against a wall," McDaniel said. "You jump at that chance yes, I will do this.

Three months ago, Dr. Riemann performed the surgery on McDaniel. Now, she says she can pay her bills again without a magnifying glass.

I was so excited; I mean I was so excited. Just for that little thing 'Oh my gosh, I can see these numbers.'

Not only did the cell transplant therapy stop the deterioration of her vision. Her eyesight has actually improved.

Dr. Riemann says there are still many steps left before the therapy gets FDA approval. However, he and McDaniel are holding onto hope.

There are exciting things that dont always pan out," Dr. Riemann said. "But Im hoping this one will.

Its just an amazing opportunity for anyone who cant see well to get fixed, McDaniel said.

Read more from the original source:
Cell transplant therapy could be a treatment for leading cause of blindness - The Denver Channel

Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market likely to touch new heights by end of forec – Business-newsupdate.com

Cellular Reprogramming Tools market data documented in the study includes market share, market size, application spectrum, market trends, supply chain, and revenue graph. Understand the economic impact on Cellular Reprogramming Tools market using our holistic market research methodology, we are focused on aiding your business sustain and grow during COVID-19 pandemics. This market report offers an overall scope of the market which includes future supply and demand scenarios, changing market trends, high growth opportunities, and in-depth analysis of the future prospects of the market.

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Application spectrum

Production outlook

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Competitor landscape

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Human Embryonic Stem Cells Market Analysis By Growth …

The MarketWatch News Department was not involved in the creation of this content.

Japan, Japan, Tue, 09 Feb 2021 02:20:38 / Comserve Inc. / -- The report analyzes the international markets including development trends, competitive landscape analysis, investment plan, business strategy, opportunity, and key regions development status.

The government funding for the development of regenerative medicine has been increasing in most developed countries, because of its applications in organ transplantation, tissue engineering, and various other applications. In the United States, two major government agencies, National Institutes of Health (NIH) and California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), fund almost all the translational researches and regenerative medicine development in the country. It is estimated that the United States government invests around USD 800-900 million every year in stem cell research. Additionally, other factors such as the high prevalence of cardiac and malignant diseases, and rising demand for regenerative medicines are expected to drive the market.

Key Market Trends

Stem Cell Biology Research Segment is Expected to Show Better Growth in the Forecast Years

Based on the application, it is segmented into regenerative medicine, stem cell biology research, tissue engineering, and toxicology testing. Stem cell biology research will show better growth, owing to the high prevalence of cardiac and malignant diseases. An article published by the ISSCR (International Society for Stem Cell Research) reported that the stem cells hold potential for the treatment of Parkinson's disease in humans. Recently, one of the market players, International Stem Cell Corporation (ISCO), received the patent covering methods for generating HLA homozygous parthenogenetic human stem cell lines from unfertilized eggs. The patent was issued in Australia. Furthermore, to boost the pace of stem cell research, the government is providing funding opportunities to researchers. Thus, owing to these factors, the market studied is expected to witness a high growth rate over the forecast period.

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North America Dominates the Human Embryonic Stem Cells Market

The human embryonic stem cells market is expected to dominate in the North America region owing to extensive research activities, along with high burden of chronic diseases and genetic disorders in the region. The United States also shows a high incidence of other diseases, such as diabetes, heart disease, renal failure, and osteoporosis. Human embryonic stem cells have high potential for use in treatment and may become a standard of care for these diseases. Additionally, the FDA has approved clinical trials, which indicated the use of stem cells. Hence, these factors are expected to influence the growth of the human embryonic stem cells market over the forecast period.

Competitive Landscape

The global players into the human embryonic stem cells market are Becton, Dickinson and Company, Cynata Therapeutics Limited, ESI BIO, Geron Corporation, International Stem Cell Corporation, Merck KGaA, PromoCell GmbH, STEMCELL Technologies Inc, Thermo Fisher Scientific and ViaCyte, Inc.

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1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study Deliverables 1.2 Study Assumptions 1.3 Scope of the Study

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 MARKET DYNAMICS 4.1 Market Overview 4.2 Market Drivers 4.2.1 High Prevalence of Cardiac and Malignant Diseases 4.2.2 Rising Demand for Regenerative Medicines 4.2.3 Increasing Support from Governments and Government and Private Institutions 4.3 Market Restraints 4.3.1 High Cost of the Procedure 4.3.2 Stringent Regulatory Guidelines 4.4 Porter's Five Forces Analysis 4.4.1 Threat of New Entrants 4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers 4.4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4.4.4 Threat of Substitute Products 4.4.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

5 MARKET SEGMENTATION 5.1 By Application 5.1.1 Regenerative Medicine 5.1.2 Stem Cell Biology Research 5.1.3 Tissue Engineering 5.1.4 Toxicology Testing 5.2 Geography 5.2.1 North America 5.2.1.1 United States 5.2.1.2 Canada 5.2.1.3 Mexico 5.2.2 Europe 5.2.2.1 Germany 5.2.2.2 United Kingdom 5.2.2.3 France 5.2.2.4 Italy 5.2.2.5 Spain 5.2.2.6 Rest of Europe 5.2.3 Asia-Pacific 5.2.3.1 China 5.2.3.2 Japan 5.2.3.3 India 5.2.3.4 Australia 5.2.3.5 South Korea 5.2.3.6 Rest of Asia-Pacific 5.2.4 Rest of World

6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 6.1 Company Profiles 6.1.1 Becton, Dickinson and Company 6.1.2 Cynata Therapeutics Limited 6.1.3 ESI BIO 6.1.4 Geron Corporation 6.1.5 International Stem Cell Corporation 6.1.6 Merck KGaA 6.1.7 PromoCell GmbH 6.1.8 STEMCELL Technologies Inc 6.1.9 Thermo Fisher Scientific 6.1.10 ViaCyte, Inc.

7 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE TRENDS

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Human Embryonic Stem Cells Market Analysis By Growth ...

Pros and Cons of embryonic stem cells – Pros an Cons

Embryonic stem cells are cells that are found in living things and can regenerate and grow into other cells. This they do them by growing and repairing inside their host so long as the host is still living. These cells are known to be taken from 3-5 old embryos of blastocysts. Their major source is unfertilized in vitro eggs and they are acquired from donors who permit the cells to be used for research. These cells are crucial for they are used for many things. Some of the uses include; getting information on cell development and as an ingredient in the creation of drugs that cure diseases such as cardiovascular and diabetes.

Pros

1. considered lifeless: Many specialists argue that the embryos used for this research should not be viewed as persons. The reason being the embryos have not taken any human form that is they do not possess any physical and psychological properties that make them resemble a human being. Besides they also argue that the embryo has not been implanted in the uterus therefore cannot be regarded as human and the fact that their survival rate is very narrow and therefore they are not to be considered as living persons at any time.

2. Offer many medical possibilities: The stem cells are known to be undifferentiated that is they can be used in all parts of the body and can cure very many diseases. Their ability to cure as many diseases results from the fact that the embryonic stem cells can be used to generate other cells.

3. Progress in cancer research: Specialists conclude that the embryonic stem cells are very similar to the cancer cells which makes it easy to study them. Besides, their study since they are the same as the cancerous cells will help in the development of cancer drugs and other treatments.

4. Easily available: Most of these embryos can be attained from specific in vitro fertilization clinic centers. Many types of research have been made possible due to the availability of embryonic stem cells.

5. Flexibility: The major advantage of embryonic stem cells is their ability to create many more cells. This is useful in the making of drugs as well as treatment of some illness and lastly best used in research to find medication for other diseases.

6. The central nervous system is not formed yet: The embryo at the time of harvest is around two weeks which means that the nervous system has not yet developed. It is at this stage too that specialists also cant tell if the embryo is to develop into a fetus. This justifies in a way that since these embryos do not have senses yet, that means it is okay to harvest them and use them for research.

7. Harvested from unused embryos: Consent from donors is the key to the harvesting of the stem cells. Some people may think its unethical because of using fertilized eggs but since consent is involved that outweighs that thought. This should be seen as an act of good faith since it is the usage of embryos that were to be disposed of to create medical treatments.

Cons

1. High rejection rates: Most of the already done tests with the embryonic stem cells show that some embryonic stem cell therapies have resulted in too many health problems. It has been proven that the cells have been rejected severely as some of them do not respond as intended. Some of these cells have caused major impacts such as causing tumors.

2. Difficult to obtain: A lot of things are required to ensure that the embryonic stem cells are obtained, some of these include the fact that one has to wait for the embryo to grow in culture and several other months for it to fully mature to the stage where now it can be used.

3. Uncertain long-term side effects: Most of the treatments done with the embryonic stem cells are risky in such a way that the specialists are not certain of any future risk and how dangerous they could be. At the moment only short term benefits are enjoyed and research to show the long term side effects are still underway.

4. Harvesting requires the death of an embryo: Obtaining any embryonic stem cell requires one to get rid of the life within an embryo. This has brought ethical issues of the obtaining process despite the advantage that is brought about by the research.

5. They are expensive to obtain: The process of obtaining the stem cells is very expensive as it is estimated that harvesting an embryonic stem cell may cost $2,000. The therapies also ae as costly and this is available for only people with the ability to afford the medical service.

6. Difficulty in differentiating specialized lines: The process used by specialists to create the embryonic stem cells is insufficient.

7. Causes tumors: This is brought about by the extraction of the embryonic stem cells of undifferentiated culture which are prepared for tissue transplantation. This also can lead to the development of cancerous cells.

8. Risk of female donors: Female donors who consent to give out their embryos risk getting sick. Most of the research done however has shown that most of the donors consent to giving out their embryos rather than see them being discarded.

In conclusion, embryonic stem cells have been used by scientists to research on possible medications of cancer since the cells resemble the cancerous cells. The generative property of these cells gives them their unique advantage over other types of stem cells. A lot of debates have been done due to the thought that an embryo is a living thing and using it for the experiment would be inhuman. This, however, has been countered by the fact that people voluntarily give consent for their embryos to be used and the uses for the cells are for improving humanity rather than causing damage.

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Pros and Cons of embryonic stem cells - Pros an Cons

Worldwide Cell Therapy Industry to 2027 – Profiling Allosource, Medipost and Mesoblast Among Others – PRNewswire

DUBLIN, Feb. 9, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Cell Therapy Market by Cell Type, Therapy Type, Therapeutic Area, and End User: Global Opportunity Analysis and Industry Forecast, 2020-2027" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global cell therapy market accounted for $7,754. 89 million in 2019, and is expected to reach $48,115. 40 million by 2027, registering a CAGR of 25. 6% from 2020 to 2027.

Cell therapy involves administration of somatic cell preparations for treatment of diseases or traumatic damages. Cell therapy aims to introduce new, healthy cells into a patient's body to replace diseased or missing ones.

This is attributed to the fact that specialized cells, such as brain cells, are difficult to obtain from human body. In addition, specialized cells typically have a limited ability to multiply, making it difficult to produce sufficient number of cells required for certain cell therapies. Some of these issues can be overcome through the use of stem cells. In addition, cells such as blood and bone marrow cells, mature, immature & solid tissue cells, adult stem cells, and embryonic stem cells are widely used in cell therapy procedures.

Moreover, transplanted cells including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are divided broadly into two main groups including autologous cells and non-autologous cells. Development of precision medicine and advancements in Advanced Therapies Medicinal Products (ATMPS) in context to their efficiency and manufacturing are expected to be the major drivers for the market. Furthermore, automation in adult stem cells and cord blood processing and storage are the key technological advancements that fuel growth of the market for cell therapy.

In addition, growth in aging patient population, The rise in cell therapy transplantations globally, and surge in disease awareness drive growth of the global cell therapy market. Furthermore, The rise in adoption of human cells over animal cells for cell therapeutics research, technological advancements in field of cell therapy, and increase in incidences of diseases such as cancer, cardiac abnormalities, and organ failure are the key factors that drive growth of the global market.

Moreover, implementation of stringent government regulations regarding the use of cell therapy is anticipated to restrict growth of the market. On the contrary, surge in number of regulations to promote stem cell therapy and increase in funds for research in developing countries are expected to offer lucrative opportunities to the market in the future.

The global cell therapy market is categorized on the basis of therapy type, therapeutic area, cell type, end user, and region. On the basis of therapy type, the market is segregated into autologous and allogenic. By therapeutics, it is classified into malignancies, musculoskeletal disorders, autoimmune disorders, dermatology, and others.

The global cell therapy market is categorized on the basis of therapy type, therapeutic, cell type, end user and region. On the basis of therapy type, the market is segregated into autologous and allogenic. By therapeutic area, it is classified into malignancies, musculoskeletal disorders, autoimmune disorders, dermatology, and others. On the basis of cell type, it is segregated into stem cell therapy and non-stem cell type. On the basis of end user, it is segregated into hospital & clinics and academic & research institutes. On the basis of region, the market is studied across North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.

Key Benefits

Key Topics Covered:

Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Report Description 1.2. Key Benefits for Stakeholders 1.3. Key Market Segments 1.4. Research Methodology 1.4.1. Secondary Research 1.4.2. Primary Research 1.4.3. Analyst Tools & Models

Chapter 2: Executive Summary 2.1. Key Findings of the Study 2.2. Cxo Perspective

Chapter 3: Market Overview 3.1. Market Definition and Scope 3.2. Key Findings 3.2.1. Top Player Positioning 3.2.2. Top Investment Pockets 3.2.3. Top Winning Strategies 3.3. Porter's Five Forces Analysis 3.4. Impact Analysis 3.4.1. Drivers 3.4.1.1. Technological Advancements in the Field of Cell Therapy 3.4.1.2. The Rise in Number of Cell Therapy Clinical Studies 3.4.1.3. The Rise in Adoption of Regenerative Medicine 3.4.2. Restraint 3.4.2.1. Developing Stage and Pricing 3.4.3. Opportunity 3.4.3.1. High Growth Potential in Emerging Markets 3.5. Impact of Covid-19 on Cell Therapy Market

Chapter 4: Cell Therapy Market, by Cell Type 4.1. Overview 4.1.1. Market Size and Forecast 4.2. Stem Cell 4.2.1. Key Market Trends and Opportunities 4.2.2. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 4.2.3. Market Size and Forecast, by Type 4.2.3.1. Bone Marrow, Market Size and Forecast 4.2.3.2. Blood, Market Size and Forecast 4.2.3.3. Umbilical Cord-Derived, Market Size and Forecast 4.2.3.4. Adipose-Derived Stem Cell, Market Size and Forecast 4.2.3.5. Others (Placenta, and Nonspecific Cells), Market Size and Forecast 4.3. Non-Stem Cell 4.3.1. Key Market Trends and Opportunities 4.3.2. Market Size and Forecast, by Region

Chapter 5: Cell Therapy Market, by Therapy Type 5.1. Overview 5.1.1. Market Size and Forecast 5.2. Autologous 5.2.1. Key Market Trends and Opportunities 5.2.2. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 5.2.3. Market Analysis, by Country 5.3. Allogeneic 5.3.1. Key Market Trends and Opportunities 5.3.2. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 5.3.3. Market Analysis, by Country

Chapter 6: Cell Therapy Market, by Therapeutic Area 6.1. Overview 6.1.1. Market Size and Forecast 6.2. Malignancies 6.2.1. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 6.2.2. Market Analysis, by Country 6.3. Musculoskeletal Disorders 6.3.1. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 6.3.2. Market Analysis, by Country 6.4. Autoimmune Disorders 6.4.1. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 6.4.2. Market Analysis, by Country 6.5. Dermatology 6.5.1. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 6.5.2. Market Analysis, by Country 6.6. Others 6.6.1. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 6.6.2. Market Analysis, by Country

Chapter 7: Cell Therapy Market, by End-user 7.1. Overview 7.1.1. Market Size and Forecast 7.2. Hospitals & Clinics 7.2.1. Key Market Trends and Opportunities 7.2.2. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 7.2.3. Market Analysis, by Country 7.3. Academic & Research Institutes 7.3.1. Key Market Trends and Opportunities 7.3.2. Market Size and Forecast, by Region 7.3.3. Market Analysis, by Country

Chapter 8: Cell Therapy Market, by Region 8.1. Overview 8.2. North America 8.3. Europe 8.4. Asia-Pacific 8.5. LAMEA

Chapter 9: Company Profiles 9.1. Allosource 9.1.1. Company Overview 9.1.2. Company Snapshot 9.1.3. Operating Business Segments 9.1.4. Product Portfolio 9.1.5. Key Strategic Moves and Developments 9.2. Cells for Cells 9.2.1. Company Overview 9.2.2. Company Snapshot 9.2.3. Operating Business Segments 9.2.4. Product Portfolio 9.3. Holostem Terapie Avanzate Srl 9.3.1. Company Overview 9.3.2. Company Snapshot 9.3.3. Operating Business Segments 9.3.4. Product Portfolio 9.4. Jcr Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. 9.4.1. Company Overview 9.4.2. Company Snapshot 9.4.3. Operating Business Segments 9.4.4. Product Portfolio 9.4.5. Business Performance 9.4.6. Key Strategic Moves and Developments 9.5. Kolon Tissuegene, Inc. 9.5.1. Company Overview 9.5.2. Company Snapshot 9.5.3. Operating Business Segments 9.5.4. Product Portfolio 9.5.5. Key Strategic Moves and Developments 9.6. Medipost Co. Ltd. 9.6.1. Company Overview 9.6.2. Company Snapshot 9.6.3. Operating Business Segments 9.6.4. Product Portfolio 9.6.5. Business Performance 9.7. Mesoblast Ltd 9.7.1. Company Overview 9.7.2. Company Snapshot 9.7.3. Operating Business Segments 9.7.4. Product Portfolio 9.7.5. Business Performance 9.8. Nuvasive, Inc. 9.8.1. Company Overview 9.8.2. Company Snapshot 9.8.3. Operating Business Segments 9.8.4. Product Portfolio 9.8.5. Business Performance 9.9. Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. 9.9.1. Company Overview 9.9.2. Company Snapshot 9.9.3. Operating Business Segments 9.9.4. Product Portfolio 9.10. Stemedica Cell Technologies, Inc. 9.10.1. Company Overview 9.10.2. Company Snapshot 9.10.3. Operating Business Segments 9.10.4. Product Portfolio

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/shw12n

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Worldwide Cell Therapy Industry to 2027 - Profiling Allosource, Medipost and Mesoblast Among Others - PRNewswire

Reactivation of the pluripotency program precedes formation of the cranial neural crest – Science Magazine

Reactivating neural crest pluripotency

Cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) are a transient cell group with an extraordinary differentiation potential that extends beyond its ectodermal lineage to form the majority of facial mesenchyme. Zalc et al. identified a neuroepithelial precursor population that transiently reactivates pluripotency factors to generate CNCCs. The pluripotency factor Oct4 is required for the expansion of CNCC developmental potential to form facial mesenchyme. Analysis of the chromatin landscape of Oct4+ CNCC precursors showed that these cells resemble those of epiblast stem cells, with additional features suggestive of future priming for neural crest programs. Thus, to expand their cellular potency, CNCC precursors undergo a natural in vivo reprogramming event.

Science, this issue p. eabb4776

Cell differentiation is classically described as a unidirectional process that progresses through a series of lineage restriction events, with cellular potential being increasingly reduced as the embryo develops, a concept famously illustrated by Conrad Waddington in his epigenetic landscape. However, the vertebrate-specific transient cell population called cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs) challenges this paradigm. Although they originate in the ectoderm and are capable of differentiating into cell types typical of this germ layer, CNCCs can also give rise to mesenchymal cell types canonically associated with the mesoderm lineage, such as bone, cartilage, and smooth muscle. How CNCCs expand their differentiation potential beyond their germ layer of origin remains unresolved.

We hypothesized that unbiased analysis of transcriptional heterogeneity during the early stages of mammalian CNCC development may identify a precursor population and provide clues as to how these specialized cells gain their extraordinary differentiation potential. To test this, we combined single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of murine CNCCs from staged mouse embryos with follow-up lineage-tracing, loss-of-function, and epigenomic-profiling experiments.

We found that premigratory CNCCs are heterogeneous and carry positional information reflective of their origin in the neuroepithelium, but this early positional information is subsequently erased, with delaminating CNCCs showing a relatively uniform transcriptional signature that later rediversifies as CNCCs undergo first commitment events. We identify an early precursor population that expresses canonical pluripotency transcription factors and gives rise to CNCCs and craniofacial structures. Rather than being maintained from the epiblast, pluripotency factor Oct4 is transiently reactivated in the prospective CNCCs after head-fold formation, and its expression shifts from the most anterior to the more posterior part of the cranial domain as development progresses. Oct4 is not required for the induction of CNCCs in the neuroepithelium, but instead is important for the specification and survival of facial mesenchyme, thus directly linking this pluripotency factor with the expansion of CNCC cellular potential. Open chromatin landscapes of Oct4+ CNCC precursors are consistent with their neuroepithelial origin while also broadly resembling those of pluripotent epiblast stem cells. In addition, we saw priming of distal regulatory regions at a subset of loci associated with future neural crest migration and mesenchyme formation.

Our results show that premigratory CNCCs first form as a heterogeneous population that rapidly changes its transcriptional identity during delamination, resulting in the formation of a transcriptionally (and likely also functionally) equivalent cell group capable of adapting to future locations during and after migration. Such functional equivalency and plasticity of CNCCs is consistent with previous embryological studies. Furthermore, the demonstration that CNCC precursors transiently reactivate pluripotency factors suggests that these cells undergo a natural in vivo reprogramming event that allows them to climb uphill on Waddingtons epigenetic landscape. Indeed, our results show that at least one of the pluripotency factors, Oct4, is required for the expansion of CNCC developmental potential to include formation of facial mesenchyme. Whether this mechanism is specific to CNCCs and if such expansion of cellular plasticity could be harnessed for regenerative medicine purposes remain interesting questions for future investigations.

(A) Single-cell RNA (scRNA) sequencing of genetically labeled murine CNCCs over 14 hours of development revealed rapid transcriptional changes and identified a precursor population expressing pluripotency factors. (B) Uphill on Waddingtons epigenetic landscape, reactivation of Oct4 endows CNCC precursors with the ability to form derivatives typical of mesoderm, such as mesenchyme.

During development, cells progress from a pluripotent state to a more restricted fate within a particular germ layer. However, cranial neural crest cells (CNCCs), a transient cell population that generates most of the craniofacial skeleton, have much broader differentiation potential than their ectodermal lineage of origin. Here, we identify a neuroepithelial precursor population characterized by expression of canonical pluripotency transcription factors that gives rise to CNCCs and is essential for craniofacial development. Pluripotency factor Oct4 is transiently reactivated in CNCCs and is required for the subsequent formation of ectomesenchyme. Furthermore, open chromatin landscapes of Oct4+ CNCC precursors resemble those of epiblast stem cells, with additional features suggestive of priming for mesenchymal programs. We propose that CNCCs expand their developmental potential through a transient reacquisition of molecular signatures of pluripotency.

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Reactivation of the pluripotency program precedes formation of the cranial neural crest - Science Magazine

Should We Double The Age When Science Can Experiment On Babies? – 550 KTSA

Back when embryonic-stem-cell and other types of experimentation on early embryos commenced, the scientists promised they would always limit their activities to embryos in Petri dishes to the maximum of 14 days in development. Just a collection of undifferentiated cells, they sophistically maintained. Well stop when the nervous system begins to develop. It was all a ruse. The 14 day rule, as it came to be known, only prevented that which could not be done. You see, the state of the science was such that embryos could not be maintained for longer. But it assuaged the peasants.

Besides, the scientists knew that the boundary wasnt intended to be permanent. It was just a way station until embryos could be maintained outside a womans body for more than two weeks. That time is now arriving, and so, of course, the push is now on to expand the limit to 28 days.

To talk about this push to disect babies, Lars spoke with Wesley Smith, an author and a senior fellow at the Discovery Institutes Center on Human Exceptionalism.

To read Wesleys full article click HERE

Listen to the interview below:

The post Should We Double The Age When Science Can Experiment On Babies? appeared first on The Lars Larson Show.

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Should We Double The Age When Science Can Experiment On Babies? - 550 KTSA