Newly discovered epigenetic tag offers insight into …

Scientists from the Babraham Institute have gained a new understanding of how molecular signals and switches control how an embryo develops into an adult. The new research, published today in the journal Nature, details how a newly discovered form of epigenetic regulation controls the development of embryonic stem (ES) cells.

The research, funded by BBSRC, MRC, the University of Cambridge and EPIGENOME, has important implications for regenerative medicine as it could offer new methods for controlling how ES cells differentiate in every cell in the human body and, potentially, to the growing field of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells where adult stem cell are reprogrammed. Embryonic stem (ES) cells are pluripotent cells present in the early embryo, which have the capacity to differentiate into all the specialised cells that make up the adult body. As an embryo develops, the cells respond to signals and differentiate to acquire a particular fate, for example a skin cell.

Cell fate is governed not only by the genome, but also by chemical changes to DNA that alter the DNA structure but not its sequence. These epigenetic tags are one of the ways that genes get switched on or off in different places at different times, enabling different tissues and organs to arise from a single fertilised egg and also helps to explain how our genes can be influenced by the environment.. The new research reveals that a new type of epigenetic modification, 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), plays a critical role mediating the external signals that instruct a cell how to develop; this tiny chemical tag (5hmC) is attached to or removed from the genetic sequence depending on the message received, switching genes on or off.

The researchers managed to identify the location of this tag throughout the genome, using high throughput sequencing methods. They observed for so called pluripotency-related genes that, as 5hmC decreases, another previously known epigenetic modification, 5-methylcytosine (5mC) increases this shift has consequences in determining how genes function and hence a cells developmental fate. The pluripotency window for stem cells is short-lived but essential for the environment and pre-defined genetic programme to exert influence on the direction that each cell should take to build a healthy embryo.

Hydroxy-methylation appears to be linked to a higher degree of pluripotency; when the process of generating 5hmC tags in the stem cell genome was disrupted, the researchers saw the pluripotencyrelated genes were down-regulated, causing the cells to be more receptive to signals that promote differentiation than would normally be the case for stem cells. The two epigenetic modifications, 5mC and 5hmC, were seen to have other opposing behaviour in the genome, which might be important for maintaining flexibility of stem cells in order to respond accurately to external cues.

Knowing how hydroxymethylation works in embryonic stem cells might also help with reprogramming adult cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), since removal of methylation is important in generating these cells. Hence increasing the amounts of hydroxymethylation during reprogramming might make the process more efficient and error-free. This might help with developing improved strategies for regenerative medicine.

Professor Wolf Reik, who led the study at the Babraham Institute, which receives strategic funding from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) said, This work provides an exciting new perspective on what makes embryonic stem cells special. It shows how the balance between opposing epigenetic marks is important for the ability of stem cells to differentiate into different tissues. We may be able to use the new epigenetic mark, hydroxymethylation, for improved strategies for reprogramming any cell into a stem cell, and hence in regenerative medicine.

While advancing our understanding of the biology behind reprogramming, these findings may also help to explain how epigenetic changes occurring during ageing can cause disease, since conditions like heart disease and autoimmune disorders may be associated with failure of epigenetic regulation. It is known that 5hmC is most abundant in ES cells and in the brain. This study opens up many questions on the role that 5hmC may play in a non-dividing brain cell, modulating gene expression, and its relationship with memory formation and neurological disorders.

Gabriella Ficz, joint lead author of this research said, Our work reveals important aspects about the epigenetics of stem cells but looking at our data I couldnt stop wondering about the involvement of this new modification in ageing and complex diseases like diabetes, autoimmune disorders and schizophrenia as well as cancer and obesity. It is an exciting time for epigenetic research!

Miguel R. Branco, joint lead author commented, The recent discovery of this new DNA modification has attracted a quickly growing interest from the scientific community. Whilst it is still early days and we will have to dig deeper to better understand its role, our work has unveiled important links between hydroxymethylation, methylation and the regulation of pluripotency genes. Professor Douglas Kell, BBSRC Chief Executive, said, Fundamental biological processes such as epigenetic regulation have important and far-reaching consequences. As this research shows, epigenetics offers both the potential to underpin new therapies in the future but also to help us to understand how the normal functioning of our bodies operates.

The Babraham Institute undertakes world-leading life sciences research to generate new knowledge of biological mechanisms underpinning ageing, development and the maintenance of health.Professor Michael Wakelam, Director of the Babraham Institute, said, These innovative studies from the Reik laboratory are part of the Babraham Institutes central mission to understand lifelong health and wellbeing. This research at Babraham was supported by the BBSRC, the MRC, the University of Cambridge and by the EPIGENOME Network of Excellence.

ublication details: Ficz G, Branco MR, Seisenberger S, Santos F, Krueger F, Hore TA, Marques CJ, Andrews SR, Reik W (In press) Dynamic regulation of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in mouse ES cells and during differentiation. Nature http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature10008

Contact details: The Knowledge Exchange Office Email:kec@babraham.ac.uk Tel: +44 (0)1223 496206

The Babraham Institute Babraham Research Campus Cambridge CB22 3AT United Kingdom Notes to Editors: About the Babraham Institute: The Babraham Institute undertakes world-class life sciences research to generate new knowledge of biological mechanisms underpinning ageing, development and the maintenance of health. Our research focuses on cellular signalling, gene regulation and the impact of epigenetic regulation at different stages of life. By determining how the body reacts to dietary and environmental stimuli and manages microbial and viral interactions, we aim to improve wellbeing and support healthier ageing. The Institute is strategically funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), part of UK Research and Innovation, through an Institute Core Capability Grant and also receives funding from other UK research councils, charitable foundations, the EU and medical charities. Website: http://www.babraham.ac.uk The Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council(BBSRC)is the UK funding agency for research in the life sciences. Sponsored by Government, BBSRC annually invests around 450 million in a wide range of research that makes a significant contribution to the quality of life for UK citizens and supports a number of important industrial stakeholders including the agriculture, food, chemical, health and well-being and pharmaceutical sectors. BBSRC carries out its mission by funding internationally competitive research, providing training in the biosciences, fostering opportunities for knowledge transfer and innovation and promoting interaction with the public and other stakeholders on issues of scientific interest in universities, centres and institutes. Website: bbsrc.ukri.org/ Babraham Bioscience Technologies Ltdis responsible for managing the Babraham Research Campus Bioincubator. BBT brings together all the elements to support innovation and enable the successful exploitation of research in the biomedical sector based on technologies emanating from the Babraham Institute and bioventures relocating to the campus. BBT has taken a prominent role regionally, initiating and leading partnerships to promote knowledge and skills flow and has established a reputation for successfully translating innovative science into viable business opportunities through partnerships for wealth creation.

Website:www.babraham.com

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The Trouble With CRISPR – Strand

CRISPR is a catchy acronym that originally described a naturally occurring gene editing tool, derived from a bacterial defense mechanism against viruses. Its the name on everybodys lips in the intersecting realms of science, medicine, ethics, and politics. From the moment of its discovery, CRISPR-Cas9 looked like a miraculous solution to all of the problems that gene editing efforts have experienced over decades of trial and error. This revolutionary new gene editing technique has opened the doors to both massive scientific progress and ethical controversy. Now more than ever, were seeing that CRISPR still has massive kinks to work out. Can we ever fully understand the social and scientific implications of gene editing, and should we use it in humans before we learn how to properly harness it?

What is gene editing?

The 20th century saw genetic scientists increasingly focus their pursuits on the sub-microscopic. As science delved deeper into the human body in an attempt to uncover the molecular minutiae of life, the possibility of reaching into the cell and manipulating its genetic material began to look more and more real. Even by the 1950s, evidence had been mounting for decades that deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), an unassuming molecule residing in a central cellular compartment called the nucleus, was the physical genetic material that passed information from parent to child. Finally, in 1953, landmark work by Kings College biochemist Rosalind Franklin allowed Cambridge researchers to reveal the structure of DNA and confirm its role in heredity once and for all.

Starting from a hesitant foundation, molecular genetics exploded in both scope and popularity over subsequent decades. With the secrets of heredity increasingly out in the open, human ambition demanded that we try to bend DNA to our willand now we can. These days, targeted gene editing techniques revolve around artificially-engineered molecular tools known as nucleases, whose earliest use was in 1996not even 50 years after the discovery of DNAs structure. Engineered nucleases are often described as molecular scissors. Fundamentally, they have two main parts: one part that finds and grabs onto the target DNA within a cell, and one part that snips a piece out of that DNA.

How CRISPR works

CRISPR is similar to other directed nucleases, but its much better at its job. The CRISPR part is secondary to the systems gene editing applications; the truly important discovery, which Jennifer Doudna made in 2012, was a protein that she called CRISPR-associated protein 9, or Cas9. This protein is the nuclease tool, the pair of molecular scissors that finds, sticks to, and snips target DNAand its more accurate than anything weve ever seen before.

In bacteria, CRISPR is a section of the genome that acts as an immune memory, storing little snippets of different viruses genetic material as DNA after failed infections, like trophies. When a once-active virus attempts to invade a bacterium, the mobile helper Cas9 copies down the relevant snippet from CRISPR in the form of ribonucleic acid, or RNA. RNA is a molecule thats virtually identical to DNA, except for one extra oxygen atom. Because of this property, the RNA sequence that Cas9 holds can pair exactly, nucleotide by nucleotide, with the viral targets DNA, making it extremely efficient at finding that DNA. With a freshly transcribed RNA guide, the bacterium can deploy Cas9 to findand cut outthe corresponding section of viral genetic material, rendering the attacker harmless.

The existence of CRISPR in bacteria was old news by 2012, but Doudnas discovery of Cas9s function was revolutionary. With a little creativity and ingenuity, such a simple and accurate nuclease can be modified to be much more than just a pair of scissors. Using synthetic RNA guides and certain tweaks, Cas9 can be used to remove specific genes, cause new insertions to genomes, tag DNA sequences with fluorescent probes, and much more.

The possibilities seem endless.What if we could go into the body of a human affected by a hereditary disease and change that persons DNA to cure them? What if we could modify reproductive germ cells in human bodies (which give rise to sperm and eggs), or make targeted genetic edits in the very first cell of an embryo? Nine months of division and multiplication later, that cell would give rise to a human being whose very nature has been deliberately tweakedand their childrens nature, and their childrens. With the accuracy and accessibility of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, these ideas arent hypotheticals. In 2019, CRISPR edits in bone marrow stem cells were successfully used to cure sickle cell anemia in a Mississippi woman. Beta thalassaemia, another genetic disease of the blood, has also been treated this way. In 2018, Chinese scientist He Jiankui even claimed that he had conferred HIV immunity upon twin girls using embryonic editing.

CRISPRs complications

At first glance, CRISPR looks like a miraclebut it isnt perfect. What if some cells were affected by edits, but others werent, creating a strange genetic mosaic in a human body? What if, in trying to modify a specific gene, we accidentally hit a different section of DNA nearby? What if we got the right gene, but it also affected a different part of the body that we didnt know about?

These problems arent hypotheticals either. So-called mosaicism and off-target editing are huge concerns among CRISPR scientists. Mosaicism is of particular concern in embryonic editing. Though CRISPR injections are carried out when an embryo is single-celled, CRISPR doesnt always appear to work until after several rounds of cell divisionand it doesnt work in every cell. If not all the cells in the body are affected by gene editing that is intended to eliminate a genetic disease, the disease could remain in the body. It may be possible to combat mosaicism with faster gene editing (so that cells dont replicate before theyve had a chance to become CRISPR-modified), altering sperm and egg cells before they meet to form an embryo, and developing more precise CRISPR gene editing which is in itself a challenge, thanks to off-target editing.

In nature, a little bit of off-target editing could actually make the CRISPR-Cas9 defense system stronger with the principle of redundancy. Flexibility in the form of imprecision could allow a bacterium to neutralize viruses whose exact genetic sequences have not yet been encountered: viruses related to, but not identical to, previous attackers. In clinical and therapeutic applications, on the other hand, precision is everything. And unfortunately, as time passes, CRISPRs level of precision seems further and further off. Preprints released just this year reveal that the frequency and magnitude of CRISPRs off-target edits in human cells may be worse than we had previously known. Large proportions of cells with massive unwanted DNA deletions, losses of entire chromosomes in experimental embryos, and shuffling of genetic sequences were observed.

Of course, not only do scientists need to avoid off-target edits, but they also need to know when such undesired edits have occurred. Off-target effects can be detected by genome sequencing and computer prediction tools, but theres no perfect way to do it yetthere may still be editing misses that were, well, missing. Off-target edits themselves could be minimized by altering the RNA transcript that Cas9 carries to make it more accurate, altering Cas9 itself, or reducing the actual amount of Cas9 protein released into the cell (though this could also reduce on-target effects). Replacing Cas9 itself with other Cas variants, like smaller and more easily deliverable CasX and CasY proteins, is a promising possibility for more efficient editing, but these candidates still run into many of the same problems as Cas9. More strategies are constantly being discovered, proposed, and explored, but were still nowhere near perfect.

Perhaps most importantly, even barring any purely technical problems, is that humans remain in sheer ignorance of much of the extent and consequences of pleiotropy, a phenomenon where a genes presence or deletion has more than one effect in the human body. Even genes whose function we think we know well might have totally unexpected additional functions. On the other side of the coin, we dont have a comprehensive understanding of how many different genetic contributors there are to any given trait or disease, much less where they lie in the genome. We dont understand the way that thousands of variations across the entire genome contribute to appearance, personality, and health. Assuming that some genes are good and others are bad is morally dangerous, and scientifically reprehensible. In reality, we are not ready for genetic determinism, and may never be.

A great responsibility

Humanity has discovered a great power, but we all know what comes with great power. Questions of which edits are necessary for health (is mild Harlequin syndrome a disease or a cosmetic concern?), whether edits are ethical (should autism and homosexuality be considered curable conditions?), and the possibility of designer babies, among others, are pertinent and require thorough discussion. We also need to realize that making these types of changes isnt our decision until we can get CRISPR right, and understand the genome well enough to target particular phenotypes. Though most scientists are aware of the difficulties of CRISPR and its use is generally tightly regulated, some scientistsand laypeopleare less careful. He Jiankuis apparent miracle HIV cure led to his arrest and imprisonment for unapproved and unethical practice. Its no great surprise that his work likely fell prey to off-target effects and mosaicism; even if he got it right, his intended change could alter cognitive function, and who knows what else?

Non-scientists are getting involved too: in 2018, self-proclaimed biohacker Josiah Zayner publicly injected his own arm with what he claimed was muscle-enhancing CRISPR. Though Zayner is one of the most vocal, hes not the only one of his kind. Quieter biohackers, untrained people without a scientific background or a good understanding of how CRISPR can go wrong, are attempting to edit themselves and even their pets.

Laypeople have an unquestionable place in science: the scientific discipline needs fresh perspectives and creativity that stuffy academics cant offer. CRISPR is still in its infancy, though. Before we know much, much more about its capabilities and consequences, there can be no place for black market gene editing kits, rogue scientists altering human embryonic and germline DNA, or basement geneticists injecting Cas9 into their dogs. Who can say what effects these interventions might have, not just on edited individuals, but on the futures of entire species?

Some say that gene editing is an act of hubris, destined to backfire spectacularly and horrendously. Others believe that its our responsibility to use CRISPR to improve lives. Which of these opinions is true depends on how science walks a narrow tightrope, though Im inclined to agree with the latterand add that our responsibility is not just to master gene editing, but to make clear and public its many faults and failings. The truth, in all its complexity, needs to overcome pop sciences oversimplification and sensationalism. Promising new advances and techniques are on the horizon, but we have a long way to go. Gene editing is no joke; humanity is playing with fire. With an incredibly accurate and accessible nuclease making its way into labs and garages across the world (while its flaws continue to be uncovered year by year), it is more important than ever for the world to understand and discuss the long-reaching consequences and responsible use of gene editing technology. CRISPR is not a miracle, but gene editing may very well be the future of humanityand its on us to keep it under control.

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The Trouble With CRISPR - Strand

Bunk: Company Sells Personalized Embryonic Stem Cells …

This front page story in the SF Chronicle, byline Bernadette Tansey, needs comment.

A San Carlos startup is offering to create personalized stem cells from the spare embryos of fertility clinic clients on the chance that the cells, frozen and stored away, may some day help a family member benefit from medical breakthroughs. The novel business plan of StemLifeLine Inc.which started promoting its service to fertility patients earlier this year as insurance for the futureset off a flash fire of protest from stem cell research opponents and supporters alike. The outcry from anti-abortion groups wasnt surprisingBut some of the most fervent denunciations of StemLifeLine came from vigorous supporters of embryonic stem cell research. Two Stanford University critics aired their complaints in newspaper editorial pages. A prominent Stanford ethicist challenged UC San Francisco scientists who are advisers of the company to sever those ties. These critics accuse StemLifeLine of trying to profit from the promise of stem cell research in the present, even though the work may not yield medical treatments for decades, if ever. These companies are essentially taking advantage of peoples ignorance and fears to make a buck, said David Magnus, director of the Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics.

Well, waddya know: Accurate reporting and a proper response to this nonsense from the scientists and bioethicists. I would add that embryonic stem cells from a fertilized embryo would never be personalized because the genetic makeup of the embryo was unique to the embryo. Parents or siblings using the stem cells might still need immune response suppressing drugs. Also, ES cells cause tumors. Also, where was Magnus, who states in the story that these treatments might not be available for thirty or forty years, during the passage of Proposition 71 and Amendment 2? Somehow that truth never got into the ads or puff piece media stories.

So, lets be clear here: The reason companies such as thiswhich is charging $7000 to make the cell line and $350 a year for storageis able to sucker people into destroying their own offspring for their own hoped-for medical benefit, is that the scientists hyped this research to the hilt to pass Proposition 71 and destroy the Bush funding policy. If consumers are confused, they and their media and politician camp followers deserve the blame for the confusion.

But good on Tansey for a well-reported story. True, she mentioned it might provide a cure for Alzheimers, which is almost surely wrong. But unlike so many of her colleagues she did a good good job of getting the science and the politics right.

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Bunk: Company Sells Personalized Embryonic Stem Cells ...

Stem Cell Market Analysis and Forecast by Rapid Growth Rate 2020 Value Share Analysis by Regions, Industry Size, Key Insights till 2024 – Bulletin…

International Stem Cell Corporation

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Key Market Trends:

Oncology Disorders Segment is Expected to Exhibit Fastest Growth Rate Over the Forecast Period

Cancer has a major impact on society in the United States and across the world. As per the estimation of National Cancer Institute, in 2018, 1,735,350 new cases of cancer were anticipated to get diagnosed in the United States, and 609,640 deaths were expected from the disease. This increasing medical burden is due to population growth. Bone marrow transplant or stem cell transplant is a treatment for some types of cancers, like leukemia, multiple myeloma, multiple myeloma, neuroblastoma, or some types of lymphoma.

Embryonic stem cells (ESC) are the major source of stem cells for therapeutic purposes, due to their higher totipotency and indefinite lifespan, as compared to adult stem cells with lower totipotency and restricted lifespan. However, the use of ESCs for research and therapeutic purposes is restricted and prohibited in many countries throughout the world, due to some ethical constraints. Scientists from the University of California, Irvine, created the stem cell-based approach to kill cancerous tissue while preventing some toxic side effects of chemotherapy by treating the disease in a more localized way.

Although the market shows positive growth, due to the growing focus of stem cell-based research that can further strengthen the clinical application, its expensive nature for stem cell therapy may still hamper its growth.

North America Captured The Largest Market Share and is Expected to Retain its Dominance

North America dominated the overall stem cell market with the United States contributing to the largest share in the market. In 2014, the Sanford Stem Cell Clinical Center at the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Health System, announced the launch of a clinical trial, in order to assess the safety of neural stem cell-based therapy in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Researchers hoped that the transplanted stem cells may develop into new neurons that could replace severed or lost nerve connections, and restore at least some motor and sensory functions. Such numerous stem cell studies across the United States have helped in the growth of the stem cell market.

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Detailed TOC of Stem Cell Market Report 2020-2024:

1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Study Deliverables 1.2 Study Assumptions 1.3 Scope of the Study

2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

4 MARKET DYNAMICS 4.1 Market Overview 4.2 Market Drivers 4.2.1 Increased Awareness about Umbilical Stem Cell 4.2.2 Increase in the Approval for Clinical Trials in Stem Cell Research 4.2.3 Growing Demand for Regenerative Treatment Option 4.2.4 Rising R&D Initiatives to Develop Therapeutic Options for Chronic Diseases 4.3 Market Restraints 4.3.1 Expensive Procedures 4.3.2 Regulatory Complications 4.3.3 Ethical and Moral Framework 4.4 Industry Attractiveness- Porters Five Forces Analysis 4.4.1 Threat of New Entrants 4.4.2 Bargaining Power of Buyers/Consumers 4.4.3 Bargaining Power of Suppliers 4.4.4 Threat of Substitute Products 4.4.5 Intensity of Competitive Rivalry

5 MARKET SEGMENTATION 5.1 By Product Type 5.1.1 Adult Stem Cell 5.1.2 Human Embryonic Cell 5.1.3 Pluripotent Stem Cell 5.1.4 Other Product Types 5.2 By Therapeutic Application 5.2.1 Neurological Disorders 5.2.2 Orthopedic Treatments 5.2.3 Oncology Disorders 5.2.4 Diabetes 5.2.5 Injuries and Wounds 5.2.6 Cardiovascular Disorders 5.2.7 Other Therapeutic Applications 5.3 By Treatment Type 5.3.1 Allogeneic Stem Cell Therapy 5.3.2 Auto logic Stem Cell Therapy 5.3.3 Syngeneic Stem Cell Therapy 5.4 By Banking Service and Technology 5.4.1 Stem Cell Acquisition and Testing 5.4.2 Cell Production 5.4.3 Expansion 5.4.4 Sub-culture 5.4.5 Cryopreservation 5.5 By Type of Banking 5.5.1 Public 5.5.2 Private 5.6 Geography 5.6.1 North America 5.6.1.1 US 5.6.1.2 Canada 5.6.1.3 Mexico 5.6.2 Europe 5.6.2.1 UK 5.6.2.2 Germany 5.6.2.3 France 5.6.2.4 Italy 5.6.2.5 Spain 5.6.2.6 Rest of Europe 5.6.3 Asia-Pacific 5.6.3.1 China 5.6.3.2 Japan 5.6.3.3 India 5.6.3.4 Australia 5.6.3.5 South Korea 5.6.3.6 Rest of Asia-Pacific 5.6.4 Middle East & Africa 5.6.4.1 GCC 5.6.4.2 South Africa 5.6.4.3 Rest of Middle East & Africa 5.6.5 South America 5.6.5.1 Brazil 5.6.5.2 Argentina 5.6.5.3 Rest of South America

6 COMPETITIVE LANDSCAPE 6.1 Company Profiles 6.1.1 Osiris Therapeutics Inc. 6.1.2 Pluristem Therapeutics Inc. 6.1.3 Thermo Fisher Scientific 6.1.4 Qiagen NV 6.1.5 Sigma Aldrich Corporation 6.1.6 Becton, Dickinson and Company 6.1.7 Stem Cell Technologies Inc. 6.1.8 AllCells LLC 6.1.9 Miltenyi Biotec 6.1.10 International Stem Cell Corporation

7 MARKET OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE TRENDS

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Stem Cell Market Analysis and Forecast by Rapid Growth Rate 2020 Value Share Analysis by Regions, Industry Size, Key Insights till 2024 - Bulletin...

Stem Cells Market is expected to pick up in healthy CAGR by 2020-2025 Top companies | Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, JCR Pharmaceutical, Pharmicell,…

Stem Cells Market Overview 2020 2025

This has brought along several changes in This report also covers the impact of COVID-19 on the global market.

The risingtechnology in Stem Cells Marketis also depicted in thisresearchreport. Factors that are boosting the growth of the market, and giving a positive push to thrive in the global market is explained in detail.

Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types. Commonly, stem cells come from two main sources: Embryos formed during the blastocyst phase of embryological development (embryonic stem cells) and Adult tissue (adult stem cells). Both types are generally characterized by their potency, or potential to differentiate into different cell types (such as skin, muscle, bone, etc.). This report studies the Stem Cell Therapy. Stem-cell therapy is the use of stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. Bone marrow transplant is the most widely used stem-cell therapy, but some therapies derived from umbilical cord blood are also in use.

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Key Competitors of the Global Stem Cells Market are: , Osiris Therapeutics, NuVasive, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, JCR Pharmaceutical, Pharmicell, Medi-post, Anterogen, MolMed, Takeda (TiGenix)

Historical data available in the report elaborates on the development of the Stem Cells on national, regional and international levels. Stem Cells Market Research Report presents a detailed analysis based on the thorough research of the overall market, particularly on questions that border on the market size, growth scenario, potential opportunities, operation landscape, trend analysis, and competitive analysis.

Major Product Types covered are: Allogeneic Autologous

Major Applications of Stem Cells covered are: Musculoskeletal Disorder Wounds & Injuries Cornea Cardiovascular Diseases Others

This study report on global Stem Cells market throws light on the crucial trends and dynamics impacting the development of the market, including the restraints, drivers, and opportunities.

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The fundamental purpose of Stem Cells Market report is to provide a correct and strategic analysis of the Stem Cells industry. The report scrutinizes each segment and sub-segments presents before you a 360-degree view of the said market.

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The report further highlights the development trends in the global Stem Cells market. Factors that are driving the market growth and fueling its segments are also analyzed in the report. The report also highlights on its applications, types, deployments, components, developments of this market.

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:-Business descriptionA detailed description of the companys operations and business divisions. :-Corporate strategyAnalysts summarization of the companys business strategy. :-SWOT AnalysisA detailed analysis of the companys strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. :-Company historyProgression of key events associated with the company. :-Major products and servicesA list of major products, services and brands of the company. :-Key competitorsA list of key competitors to the company. :-Important locations and subsidiariesA list and contact details of key locations and subsidiaries of the company. :-Detailed financial ratios for the past five yearsThe latest financial ratios derived from the annual financial statements published by the company with 5 years history.

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Market share assessments for the regional and country level segments. Market share analysis of the top industry players. Strategic recommendations for the new entrants. Market forecasts for a minimum of 9 years of all the mentioned segments, sub segments and the regional markets. Market Trends (Drivers, Constraints, Opportunities, Threats, Challenges, Investment Opportunities, and recommendations). Strategic recommendations in key business segments based on the market estimations. Competitive landscaping mapping the key common trends. Company profiling with detailed strategies, financials, and recent developments. Supply chain trends mapping the latest technological advancements.

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Stem Cells Market is expected to pick up in healthy CAGR by 2020-2025 Top companies | Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, JCR Pharmaceutical, Pharmicell,...

Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Industry Analysis and Forecast (2019-2026), By-Product, Cell Type, Cell Source, Technique, Application,…

Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market was valued US$ XX Bn in 2018 and is expected to reach US$ 17.92 Bn by 2026, at a CAGR of around XX % during a forecast period.

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The report covers all the trends and technologies playing a major role in the growth of the Cell Isolation/Cell Separation market during the forecast period. It highlights the drivers, restraints, and opportunities expected to influence the market growth during 2019-2026.

Some of the market drivers for the cell isolation/cell separation market are increasing incidences & prevalence of chronic diseases with the aging population, technological advancement in cell isolation, growing demand for bio-pharmaceuticals, personalized medicine, and increasing stem cell research. Cell isolation or separation is a tool used to sort cells into a specific population from a heterogeneous group of cells without contamination. The use of cell isolation techniques helps to open the door of cell-based therapies and thereby improve the quality of treatment and clinical outcome.

However, the ethical issues regarding the isolation of embryonic stem cells and the high cost of cell separation instruments are expected to restrict the growth of this market during the forecast period.

Based on cell type, the human cell segment is expected to register a major revenue share in the cell isolation/cell separation market globally. Owing to increasing investments by public and private organizations for research on human cells, growing application areas of human stem cells, and the high frequency and growing incidence of diseases such as cancer.

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Based on the product, the consumables segment is expected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period. Because of the increasing investments by companies to develop advanced products and the rising government initiatives for improving cell-based research are driving the growth of this segment.

North America region is expected to grow at a XX % rate of CAGR during the forecast period owing to increasing government support for cancer and stem cell research, the expanding biotechnology and biopharmaceutical industries and the increasing prevalence of chronic and infectious diseases in which cell isolation is required for diagnosis and treatment. Which results in, increase in demand for cell isolation products.

The objective of the report is to present a comprehensive assessment of the market and contains thoughtful insights, facts, historical data, industry-validated market data and projections with a suitable set of assumptions and methodology. The report also helps in understanding Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market dynamics, structure by identifying and analyzing the market segments and project the global market size. Further, the report also focuses on the competitive analysis of key players by product, price, financial position, product portfolio, growth strategies, and regional presence. The report also provides PEST analysis, PORTERs analysis, and SWOT analysis to address the question of shareholders to prioritizing the efforts and investment in the near future to the emerging segment in Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market. Scope of the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market

Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market, By Product

Consumables o Reagents, Kits, Media, and Sera o Beads o Disposables Instruments o Centrifuges o Flow Cytometers o Magnetic-activated Cell Separator Systems o Filtration Systems Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market, By Cell Type

Human Cells o Differentiated Cells o Stem Cells Animal Cells Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market, By Cell Source

Adipose Tissue Bone Marrow Cord Blood/Embryonic Stem Cells Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market, By Technique

Centrifugation-based Cell Isolation Surface Marker-based Cell Isolation Filtration-based Cell Isolation Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market, By Application

Biomolecule Isolation Cancer Research Stem Cell Research Tissue Regeneration & Regenerative Medicine In Vitro Diagnostics Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market, By End user

Research Laboratories and Institutes Hospitals and Diagnostic Laboratories Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutical Companies Other End Users Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market, By Region

North America Europe Asia Pacific Middle East & Africa South America Key players operating in the Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market

Thermo Fisher Scientific Beckman Coulter Becton, Dickinson and Company GE Healthcare Merck KgaA Miltenyi Biotech pluriSelect STEMCELL Technologies Inc. Terumo BCT Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc.

MAJOR TOC OF THE REPORT

Chapter One: Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Overview

Chapter Two: Manufacturers Profiles

Chapter Three: Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Competition, by Players

Chapter Four: Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Size by Regions

Chapter Five: North America Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Revenue by Countries

Chapter Six: Europe Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Revenue by Countries

Chapter Seven: Asia-Pacific Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Revenue by Countries

Chapter Eight: South America Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Revenue by Countries

Chapter Nine: Middle East and Africa Revenue Cell Isolation/Cell Separation by Countries

Chapter Ten: Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Segment by Type

Chapter Eleven: Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Segment by Application

Chapter Twelve: Global Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Size Forecast (2019-2026)

Browse Full Report with Facts and Figures of Cell Isolation/Cell Separation Market Report at: https://www.maximizemarketresearch.com/market-report/global-cell-isolation-cell-separation-market/34136/

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market 2020 Analysis by Geographical Regions, Type and Application Till 2027 – Market Research Posts

This latest report studies Stem Cell Therapy Market globally, particularly in North America, Europe(Germany, UK, France, Italy, Spain, Russia, Poland), China, Japan, Southeast Asia (Malaysia, Singapore, Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam) the Middle East and Africa(Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Turkey, Egypt, South Africa, Nigeria), India, South America(Brazil, Mexico, Colombia), with revenue, import, and export, production, consumption in these regions, from 2015 to 2019, and forecast 2020 to 2027. Global Stem Cell Therapy market 2020 research report is replete with precise analysis from radical studies, specifically on queries that approach market size, trends, share, forecast, outlook, production, and futuristic developments trends and present and future market status.

Then, the report focuses on world major leading industry players with information like company profiles, product picture and specifications, Sales Revenue, Price, gross margin, market share, and contact info. In addition, the Stem Cell Therapy industry development trends and marketing channels are analyzed.

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Analysis of Stem Cell Therapy market Key manufacturers (Sales Revenue, Price, gross margin, main products, etc.):

Celgene Corporation Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. Pharmicell Co., Ltd MEDIPOST Co., Ltd. Promethera Biosciences Fibrocell Science, Inc. Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l. Cytori Therapeutics Nuvasive, Inc. RTI Surgical, Inc. Anterogen Co., Ltd. RTI Surgical, Inc

Analysis of Stem Cell Therapy Market By Product Types(Market Size & Forecast):

Adult Stem Cells Human Embryonic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Very Small Embryonic Like Stem Cells

Analysis of Stem Cell Therapy Market By Applications(Market Size & Forecast):

Regenerative Medicine Drug Discovery and Development

In additional, the manufacturers dominant within the global Stem Cell Therapy Market are highlighted inside the competitive landscape section of the report. The competitive state of affairs and trends current within the market have additionally been encapsulated underneath this section of the study. moreover, the mergers and acquisitions that passed off within the market in the past few years and their impact on the markets development has in addition been bestowed underneath this a part of the report.

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Furthermore, it describes the in-depth analysis of key Stem Cell Therapy market segments and sub-segments, particularly includes evolving Stem Cell Therapy industry trends and dynamics, challenges, and competitive insights, technological breakthroughs for Stem Cell Therapy market development mapping with different opportunities. The report also analyzes the Stem Cell Therapy industry potential for every geographical region consequently.

With the list of tables and figures, the report provides key statistics on the condition of the business and could be a valuable supply of steerage and direction for firms and people curious about the market.

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TOC of Stem Cell Therapy Market Contains Following Points:

Table of Content & Table Of Figures

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market 2020 Analysis by Geographical Regions, Type and Application Till 2027 - Market Research Posts

Stem Cell Assay Market Growth Drive by the Rising Diversity of Applications – BioSpace

TMR Research announces a new report on the global stem cell assay market. The report examines the historical growth trajectory exhibited by the global stem cell assay market and its latest figures, and further provides reliable forecasts for the stem cell assay market based on complete analysis of the markets database. The report also takes a close look at the regional and competitive dynamics of the global stem cell assay market in order to shed light on the dynamics of the global market more clearly. The report is titled Stem Cell Assay Market Global Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends and Forecast 2017 2025.

Testing antineoplastic drugs in order to check their potency in cancer treatment has emerged as a major application for the global stem cell assay market. The testing covers impurity, toxicity, and other aspects of the tumors and provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of various aspects of the tumor. The comprehensive figures provided by stem cell assays has driven the demand from the global stem cell assay market.

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The growing diversity of applications of stem cell assays is likely to be a major driver for the global stem cell assay market. Pluripotent stem cells have been used in the treatment of several diseases so far and are likely to remain a key part of the healthcare sector in the coming years due to their intrinsic potential to transform into a wide variety of cells in the human body. This makes them a highly promising research avenue in the treatment of diverse conditions such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, and retinal diseases, apart from cancer. The growing prevalence of neurological and neurodegenerative conditions, particularly among the growing geriatric demographic in developed countries, is thus likely to be a major driver for the global stem cell assay market.

For the purpose of the study, the report segments the global stem cell assay market based on various parameters. For instance, in terms of assay type, the market can be segmented into isolation and purification, viability, cell identification, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and function. By kit, the market can be bifurcated into human embryonic stem cell kits and adult stem cell kits. Based on instruments, flow cytometer, cell imaging systems, automated cell counter, and micro electrode arrays could be the key market segments.

In terms of application, the market can be segmented into drug discovery and development, clinical research, and regenerative medicine and therapy. The growth witnessed across the aforementioned application segments will be influenced by the increasing incidence of chronic ailments which will translate into the rising demand for regenerative medicines. Finally, based on end users, research institutes and industry research constitute the key market segments.

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Steady research and development in the medical sector is likely to remain a key driver for the global stem cell assay market, as the diversity of application of stem cells is purely potential until applied to specific avenues. Growing government support to the medical sector is likely to help the global stem cell assay market in this regard, as significant investment is required to carry out advanced medical research.

Regionally, North America and Europe are likely to remain the leading contributors to the global stem cell assay market due to the presence of a stable healthcare sector in developed countries in the region. The ready incorporation of technological advancements such as stem cell assays in the day to day functioning of the healthcare sector is the key driver for the stem cell assay market in developed countries such as the U.S., Canada, the U.K., Germany, and France.

The report also profiles leading players in the global stem cell assay market in order to shed light on the competitive dynamics of the market. Stem cell assay market leaders examined in the report include Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., GE Healthcare, STEMCELL Technologies Inc., Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hemogenix Inc., Cell Biolabs Inc., and Promega Corporation.

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Stem Cell Assay Market Growth Drive by the Rising Diversity of Applications - BioSpace

‘Self-eating’ stem cell process may be the key to new regenerative therapies – Penn Today

The self-eating process in embryonic stem cells known as chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) and a related metabolite may serve as promising new therapeutic targets to repair or regenerate damaged cells and organs,Penn Medicineresearchers show in a new study published online inScience.

Human bodies contain more than 200 different types of specialized cells. All of them can be derived from embryonic stem (ES) cells, which relentlessly self-renew while retaining the ability to differentiate into any cell type in adult animals, a state known as pluripotency. Researchers have known that the cells metabolism plays a role in this process; however, it wasnt clear exactly how the cells internal wiring works to keep that state and ultimately decide stem cell fate.

The new preclinical study, for the first time, shows how the stem cells keeps CMA at low levels to promote that self-renewal, and when the stem cell is ready, it switches that suppression off to enhance CMA, among other activities, and differentiate into specialized cells.

Its an intriguing discovery in the field of stem cell biology and for researchers looking to develop therapies for tissue or organ regeneration, says senior authorXiaolu Yang, a professor of cancer biology at the Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute in the Perelman School of Medicine. We reveal two novel ways to potentially manipulate the self-renewal and differentiation of stem cells: CMA and a metabolite, known as alpha-ketoglutarate, that is regulated by CMA. Rationally intervening or guiding these functions could be a powerful way to increase the efficiency of regenerative medicine approaches.

This story is by Melissa Moody. Read more at Penn Medicine News.

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'Self-eating' stem cell process may be the key to new regenerative therapies - Penn Today

Researchers Discover a New Side of Cancer that May Explain Its Resistance to Treatment – Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News

Cancers ability to resist chemotherapy has been a roadblock to achieving lasting remissions or cures. Scientists have believed that unique genetic mutations in tumors may be to blame for drug resistance. However, they are starting to look at nongenetic changes in cancer cells to explain their adaptability. An example of this is cancers ability to change its identity. A prostate cancer cell that is sensitive to hormone-blocking therapy might change into a cell type that does not require the hormone for its growth. This heterogeneity creates obstacles for treatment, since a single drug is unlikely to work against so many different cell types.

Now, a team of researchers at the Sloan Kettering Institute (SKI), the Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research at MIT, and the Klarman Cell Observatory at the Broad Institute have discovered that this tumor heterogeneity can be traced back to a common source: a particularly flexible cell state that is characteristic of a subset of cells in a tumor and can generate many other diverse cell types.

Their study, Emergence of a High-Plasticity Cell State during Lung Cancer Evolution, is published in Cancer Cell and led by Tuomas Tammela, MD, PhD, an assistant member in the cancer biology and genetics program at SKI.

The high-plasticity cell state is the starting point for much of the heterogeneity we see in tumors, stated Tammela. Its kind of like a busy intersection of many roads: Wherever a cell wants to end up identity-wise, it has to go through this cell state.

Tumor evolution from a single cell into a malignant, heterogeneous tissue remains poorly understood. Here, we profile single-cell transcriptomes of genetically engineered mouse lung tumors at seven stages, from pre-neoplastic hyperplasia to adenocarcinoma, the researchers wrote.

This highly plastic cell state is something completely new, stated Jason Chan, MD, PhD, a physician-scientist doing a fellowship in the Tammela lab and one of the papers lead authors. When we saw it, we didnt know what it was because it was so different. It didnt look like normal lung cells where the cancer came from, and it didnt really look like lung cancer either. It had features of embryonic germ layer stem cells, cartilage stem cells, and even kidney cells, all mixed together.

The researchers observed these cells in every tumor they examined and identified these highly plastic cells by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq). By performing scRNA-Seq on tumors as they grew over time, the researchers were able to observe when and how different cell types emerged over the course of a tumors evolution. From these data, the researchers were able to create a kind of map of which cells came from which other cells.

The map contains major highways and little dirt roads, Tammela explained. The high-plasticity cell state that we identified sits right in the middle of the map. It has a lot of paths coming in, and it has even more paths coming out.

This high-plasticity cell state emerged consistently in a tumors evolution and persisted throughout its growth.

Stem cells play important roles in embryonic development and in tissue repair. Many scientists think that cancers arise from specific cancer stem cells. But Tammela and colleagues do not think these high-plasticity cells are stem cells. Unlike stem cells, the cells are not present at the very beginning of a tumors growth, and emerge later.

When we compare the gene expression signature of these highly plastic cells to normal stem cells or known cancer stem cells, the signatures dont match at all. They look completely different, he said.

Cancer cells progressively adopt alternate lineage identities, computationally predicted to be mediated through a common transitional, high-plasticity cell state (HPCS). Accordingly, HPCS cells prospectively isolated from mouse tumors and human patient-derived xenografts display high capacity for differentiation and proliferation. The HPCS program is associated with poor survival across human cancers and demonstrates chemoresistance in mice. Our study reveals a central principle underpinning intra-tumoral heterogeneity and motivates therapeutic targeting of the HPCS, noted the researchers.

Our model could explain why certain cancer cells are resistant to therapy and dont have a genetic basis for that resistance that we can identify, Chan stated.

Chan also explained it is not all the cells in the tumor that are adapting, but a subset of the cancer cells that are just more malleable.

The researchers believe it may be possible to avert the emergence of resistance and provide lasting remission by combining chemotherapy drugs with new medications that target these highly plastic cells.

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Researchers Discover a New Side of Cancer that May Explain Its Resistance to Treatment - Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News