Why are scientists trying to manufacture organs in space? – Stuff Magazines

Gravity can be a real downer when you are trying to grow organs.

Thats why experiments in space are so valuable. They have revealed a new perspective into biological sciences, including insights into making human tissues.

Gravity influences cellular behavior by impacting how protein and genes interact inside the cells, creating tissue that ispolarized, a fundamental step for natural organ development. Unfortunately, gravity is against us when we try to reproduce complex three dimensional tissues in the lab for medical transplantation. This is difficult because of the intrinsic limitations of bio-reactors used on Earth.

I am a stem cell biologist and interested on brain health and evolution. My lab studies how the human brain is formed inside the womb and how alterations in this process might have lifelong consequences to human behavior, such as in autism or schizophrenia. Part of that work includes growing brain cells in space.

To build organized tissues in the lab, scientists use scaffolds to provide a surface for cells to attach based on a predetermined rigid shape. For example, an artificial kidney needs a structure, or scaffold, of a certain shape for kidney cells to grow on. Indeed, this strategy helps the tissue to organize in the early stages but creates problems in the long run, such as eventual immune reactions to these synthetic scaffolds or inaccurate structures.

By contrast, in weightless conditions, cells can freely self-organize into their correct three-dimensional structure without the need for a scaffold substrate. By removing gravity from the equation, we researchers might learn new ways of building human tissues, such as cartilage and blood vessels that are scaffold-free, mimicking their natural cellular arrangement in an artificial setting. While this is not exactly what happens in the womb (after all the womb is also subject to gravity), weightless conditions does give us an advantage.

And this is precisely what is happening at the International Space Station.

These experiments help researchers optimize tissue growth for use in basic science, personalized medicine and organ transplantation.

But there are other reasons why we should manufacture organs in space. Long-term space missions create a series of physiological alterations in the body of astronauts. While some of these alterations are reversible with time, others are not, compromising future human spaceflights.

Studying astronauts bodies before and after their mission can reveal what goes wrong on their organs, but provides little insights on the mechanisms responsible for the observed alterations. Thus, growing human tissues in space can complement this type of investigation and reveal ways to counteract it.

Finally, all forms of life that we know about have evolved in the presence of microgravity. Without gravity, our brains might have evolved in a different trajectory, or our livers might not filter liquids as it does on Earth.

By recreating embryonic organ formation in space, we can anticipate how the human body in the womb would develop. There are several research initiatives going on in my lab with human brain organoids at ISS, designed to learn the impact of zero gravity on the developing human brain. These projects will have profound implications for future human colonization (can humans successfully reproduce in space?). These studies will also improve the generation of artificial organs that are used for testing drugs and treatments on Earth. Will better treatments for neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative conditions that affects millions of people come from research in space?

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Why are scientists trying to manufacture organs in space? - Stuff Magazines

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market Report Examines Analysis By Size, Share, Latest Trends, Future Growth, Top Key Players And Forecast To 2027 – Jewish…

The New Report Titled as Stem Cell Therapy Market published by Global Marketers, covers the market landscape and its evolution predictions during the forecast period. The report objectives to provide an overview of global Stem Cell Therapy Market with detailed market segmentation by solution, security type, application and geography. The Stem Cell Therapy Market is anticipated to eyewitness high growth during the forecast period. The report delivers key statistics on the market status of the leading market players and deals key trends and opportunities in the market.

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This research report also includes profiles of major companies operating in the global market. Some of the prominent players operating in the Global Stem Cell Therapy Market are:

Celgene Corporation Osiris Therapeutics, Inc. Pharmicell Co., Ltd MEDIPOST Co., Ltd. Promethera Biosciences Fibrocell Science, Inc. Holostem Terapie Avanzate S.r.l. Cytori Therapeutics Nuvasive, Inc. RTI Surgical, Inc. Anterogen Co., Ltd. RTI Surgical, Inc

The Stem Cell Therapy Market for the regions covers North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Regional breakdown has been done based on the current and forthcoming trends in the global Stem Cell Therapy Market along with the discrete application segment across all the projecting region.

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The Type Coverage in the Market are:

Adult Stem Cells Human Embryonic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Very Small Embryonic Like Stem Cells

Market Segment by Applications, covers:

Regenerative Medicine Drug Discovery and Development

Some Major TOC Points:

Chapter 1. Stem Cell Therapy Market Report Overview

Chapter 2. Global Stem Cell Therapy Market Growth Trends

Chapter 3. Market Share by Key Players

Chapter 4. Stem Cell Therapy Market Breakdown Data by Type and Application

Chapter 5. Market by End Users/Application

Chapter 6. COVID-19 Outbreak: Stem Cell Therapy Industry Impact

Chapter 7. Opportunity Analysis in Covid-19 Crisis

Chapter 9. Market Driving Force

Continue for TOC

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Key questions Answered in this Stem Cell Therapy Market Report:

What will be the Stem Cell Therapy Market growth rate and value in 2020?

What are the key market predictions?

What is the major factors of driving this sector?

What are the situations to market growth?

Major factors covered in the report:

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market summary

Economic Impact on the Industry

Stem Cell Therapy Market Competition in terms of Manufacturers

Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis by Application

Marketing Strategy comprehension, Distributors and Traders

Study on Market Research Factors

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Differentiation of Human iPS and ES Cells – Scientist Live

AMSBIO has introduced StemFit for Differentiation - a new chemically defined and animal component-free formulation that enables unmatched differentiation of human Induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS) and Embryonic Stem (hES) cells.

The unique chemically defined composition of StemFit for Differentiation minimizes lot-to-lot variation, enabling highly consistent cell differentiation. Free of animal- and human-derived components, StemFit for Differentiation can be used to eliminate the risk of immunogenic contamination.

Applications proven to benefit from StemFit for Differentiation include: lineage-specific (endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal) differentiation where this new product is used to replace serum-free supplements, as well as spontaneous differentiation of hiPSCs to organoids via embryoid body formation.

Used in combination with StemFit Basic feeder-free medium with iMatrix-511 laminin as extracellular matrix, StemFit for Differentiation enables researchers to undertake clinical applications involving both expansion and differentiation of human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived cells and tissues.

Supplied as a 5X concentrate, StemFit for Differentiation has been formulated for use with basal cell culture medium (e.g. DMEM, RPMI 1640, DMEM/F12 etc.) and a variety of different induction factors or cytokines (including Activin A and bFGF from AMSBIO).

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Differentiation of Human iPS and ES Cells - Scientist Live

Clinton Vows to Fund Embryonic Stem Cell Research as …

By Peter J. Smith

WASHINGTON, D.C., October 9, 2007 (LifeSiteNews.com) - Democratic presidential candidate Hillary Rodham Clinton has promised to sign an executive order overturning President Bushs restrictions on federal funding for embryonic stem cell research once she is elected President.

The former First Lady and current junior senator from New York told her audience at the Carnegie Institution for Science that President Bush was waging a "war on science" that hindered the United States from becoming the "innovation nation."

"I will lift the current ban on ethical stem cell research," Clinton said. "The presidents ban on stem cell funding amounts to a ban on hope."

However the US has no actual ban on embryonic stem cell research. Regulations established by the Bush administration in August 2001 prohibit researchers from using federal funds to create new lines of embryonic stem cells, but it does not hinder private companies from funding their work.

"In her rush to attack the president, Hillary Clinton has conveniently forgotten that George W. Bush is the only president who has ever made federal money available for stem cell research," said Republican National Committee spokesman Danny Diaz according to Reuters.

Clintons speech also gave the impression that "ethical" stem cell research was synonymous with embryonic stem cell research, although this premise is hotly contested within the scientific community. A number of stem cell researchers reject on a practical basis any need to drive into ethically dubious territory, since stem cell therapies are continuing to be produced from non-controversial sources (e.g. adult stem cells, umbilical cord blood). On the other hand, the promise of cures from experimentation with embryonic stem cells is filled with more hot air than hope, since the cells derived from the destruction of a human embryo are naturally designed to work in the fast-developing embryonic environment and have been shownto be incompatible and tumor-causing in adult tests.

See related coverage by LifeSiteNews.com

Adult Stem Cell Research: True Potential Sacrificed for Other Possibilities Says Biotech Writer http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2006/jun/06061311.html

UK Researcher: Cord Blood Real Potential for Cures, Not Embryonic Stem Cells - Part 1 http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2006/aug/06081804.html

UK Researcher: Embryonic Stem Cells Have Never Been Used to Treat Anyone and no Plans Exist to do so http://www.lifesitenews.com/ldn/2006/aug/06082401.html

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Clinton Vows to Fund Embryonic Stem Cell Research as ...

embryonic stem cell NIH Director’s Blog

Posted on September 20th, 2016 by Dr. Francis Collins

Many people probably think of mice as unwanted household pests. But over more than a century, mice have proven to be incredibly valuable in medical research. One of many examples is how studies in mice are now helping researchers understand how mammalian genomes work, including the human genome. Scientists have spent decades inactivating, or knocking out, individual genes in laboratory mice to learn which tissues or organs are affected when a specific gene is out of order, providing valuable clues about its function.

More than a decade ago, NIH initiated a project called KOMPthe Knockout Mouse Project [1]. The goal was to use homologous recombination (exchange of similar or identical DNA) in embryonic stem cells from a standard mouse strain to knock out all of the mouse protein-coding genes. That work has led to wide availability of such cell lines to investigators with interest in specific genes, saving time and money. But its one thing to have a cell line with the gene knocked out, its even more interesting (and challenging) to determine the phenotype, or observable characteristics, of each knockout. To speed up that process in a scientifically rigorous and systematic manner, NIH and other research funding agencies teamed to launch an international research consortium to turn those embryonic stem cells into mice, and ultimately to catalogue the functions of the roughly 20,000 genes that mice and humans share. The consortium has just released an analysis of the phenotypes of the first 1,751 new lines of unique knockout mice with much more to come in the months ahead. This initial work confirms that about a third of all protein-coding genes are essential for live birth, helping to fill in a major gap in our understanding of the genome.

Posted In: Health, Science

Tags: conserved genes, embryonic development, embryonic stem cell, essential genes, genes, genetic conditions, genetics, genomics, homologous recombination, humans, International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium, knockout mice, Knockout Mouse Project, KOMP, miscarriages, mouse, phenotype, stem cells, stillbirths

Posted on July 19th, 2016 by Dr. Francis Collins

Caption: From stem cells to bone. Human bone cell progenitors, derived from stem cells, were injected under the skin of mice and formed mineralized structures containing cartilage (1-2) and bone (3). Credit: Loh KM and Chen A et al., 2016

To help people suffering from a wide array of injuries and degenerative diseases, scientists and bioengineers have long dreamed of creating new joints and organs using human stem cells. A major hurdle on the path to achieving this dream has been finding ways to steer stem cells into differentiating into all of the various types of cells needed to build these replacement parts in a fast, efficient manner.

Now, an NIH-funded team of researchers has reported important progress on this front. The researchers have identified for the first time the precise biochemical signals needed to spur human embryonic stem cells to produce 12 key types of cells, and to do so rapidly. With these biochemical recipes in hand, researchers say they should be able to generate pure populations of replacement cells in a matter of days, rather than the weeks or even months it currently takes. In fact, they have already demonstrated that their high-efficiency approach can be used to produce potentially therapeutic amounts of human bone, cartilage, and heart tissue within a very short time frame.

Posted In: Health, Science

Tags: bioengineering, Bone, cartilage, development, embryonic stem cell, heart cells, human embryonic stem cell, mesoderm, muscle cells, regenerative medicine, replacement tissue, RNA sequencing, scoliosis, stem cell differentiation, stem cells, tissue engineering

Posted on June 2nd, 2015 by Dr. Francis Collins

If youre curious what innovations are coming out of the Brain Research through Advancing Innovative Neurotechnologies (BRAIN) Initiative, take a look at this video shot via a microscope. What at first glance looks like water dripping through pipes is actually a cool new technology for swiftly and efficiently analyzing the gene activity of thousands of individual cells. You might have to watch this video several times and use the pause button to catch all of the steps, but it provides a quick overview of how the Drop-seq microfluidic device works.

First, a nanoliter-sized droplet of lysis buffer containing a bead with a barcoded sequencing primer on its surface slides downward through the straight channel at the top of the screen. At the same time, fluid containing individual cells flows through the curved channels on either side of the bead-bearing channelyou can catch a fleeting glimpse of a tiny cell in the left-hand channel about 5 seconds into the video. The two streams (barcoded-bead primers and cells) feed into a single channel where they mix, pass through an oil flow, and get pinched off into oily drops. Most are empty, but some contain a bead or a celland a few contain both. At the point where the channel takes a hard left, these drops travel over a series of bumps that cause the cell to rupture and release its messenger RNAan indicator of what genes are active in the cell. The mRNAs are captured by the primer on the bead from which, after the drops are broken, they can be transcribed, amplified, and sequenced to produce STAMPS (single-cell transcriptomes attached to microparticles). Because each bead contains its own unique barcode that enables swift identification of the transcriptomes of individual cells, this process can be done simultaneously on thousands of cells in a single reaction.

Posted In: Health, Science, Video

Tags: BRAIN Initiative, Drop-seq, embryonic stem cell, genomics, inDrop, neurology, retina, single cell analysis, technology, transciptome

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embryonic stem cell NIH Director's Blog

Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market: Recent Industry Trends and Projected Industry Growth, 2019 2025 – Jewish Life News

Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market 2018: Global Industry Insights by Global Players, Regional Segmentation, Growth, Applications, Major Drivers, Value and Foreseen till 2024

The recent published research report sheds light on critical aspects of the global Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market such as vendor landscape, competitive strategies, market drivers and challenges along with the regional analysis. The report helps the readers to draw a suitable conclusion and clearly understand the current and future scenario and trends of global Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market. The research study comes out as a compilation of useful guidelines for players to understand and define their strategies more efficiently in order to keep themselves ahead of their competitors. The report profiles leading companies of the global Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market along with the emerging new ventures who are creating an impact on the global market with their latest innovations and technologies.

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The recent published study includes information on key segmentation of the global Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market on the basis of type/product, application and geography (country/region). Each of the segments included in the report is studies in relations to different factors such as market size, market share, value, growth rate and other quantitate information.

The competitive analysis included in the global Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market study allows their readers to understand the difference between players and how they are operating amounts themselves on global scale. The research study gives a deep insight on the current and future trends of the market along with the opportunities for the new players who are in process of entering global Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools market. Market dynamic analysis such as market drivers, market restraints are explained thoroughly in the most detailed and easiest possible manner. The companies can also find several recommendations improve their business on the global scale.

The readers of the Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market report can also extract several key insights such as market size of varies products and application along with their market share and growth rate. The report also includes information for next five years as forested data and past five years as historical data and the market share of the several key information.

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segment by Type, the product can be split into Adult Stem Cells Human Embryonic Stem Cells Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Other Market segment by Application, split into Drug Development Regenerative Medicine Toxicity Test Academic Research Other

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report covers North America Europe China Japan Southeast Asia India Central & South America

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Some of the Major Highlights of TOC covers in Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market Report:

Chapter 1: Methodology & Scope of Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market

Chapter 2: Executive Summary of Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market

Chapter 3: Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Industry Insights

Chapter 4: Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market, By Region

Chapter 5: Company Profile

And Continue

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Global Cellular Reprogramming Tools Market: Recent Industry Trends and Projected Industry Growth, 2019 2025 - Jewish Life News

COVID-19 UPDATE : Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market 2020 Comprehensive Study with Arizona Board of Regents, STEMCELL Technologies Inc, Cellular…

The Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market report demonstrates supportive data related to the dominant players in the market such as product offerings, revenue, segmentation, and business synopsis. The report gives helpful insights which assist while launching a new product. This global market research report has complete overview of the market, covering various aspects such as product definition, segmentation based on various parameters, and the prevailing vendor landscape. Moreover, in the Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market report, the key product categories are also included. The report also analyses the emerging trends along with major drivers, challenges and opportunities in the Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market.

The Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market study encompasses a market attractiveness analysis, wherein all segments are benchmarked based on their market size, growth rate, and general attractiveness. To understand the competitive landscape in the market, an analysis of Porters five forces model for the market has also been included. Furthermore, businesses can decide upon the strategies about the product, customer, key player, sales, promotion or marketing by acquiring a detailed analysis of competitive markets. The Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market report is a synopsis about how is the market status right now and how will it be in the forecast years for industry.

Human embryonic stem cell market estimated to register a healthy CAGR of 10.5% in the forecast period of 2019 to 2026. The imminent market report contains data for historic year 2017, the base year of calculation is 2018 and the forecast period is 2019 to 2026. The growth of the market can be attributed to the increase in tissue engineering process.

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Key Market Competitors:

Some of the major companies functioning in global human embryonic stem cell market are Arizona Board of Regents, STEMCELL Technologies Inc, Cellular Engineering Technologies, CellGenix GmbH, PromoCell GmbH, Lonza, Kite Pharma, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, BrainStorm Cell Limited., CELGENE CORPORATION, Osiris Therapeutics,Inc, U.S. Stem Cell, Inc, Waisman Biomanufacturing, Caladrius, Pfizer Inc., Thermo Fisher Scientific, Merck KGaA, Novo Nordisk A/S, Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc and SA Biosciences Corporation among others.

Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market By Type (Totipotent Stem Cells, Pluripotent Stem Cells, Unipotent Stem Cells), Application (Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cell Biology Research, Tissue Engineering, Toxicology Testing), End User (Research, Clinical Trials, Others), Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2026

Key Developments in the Market:

In January 2019, STEMCELL Technologies, launched mTeSR Plus, a Next-generation culture system for human embryo system and IPS cell maintenance. This launch will able to promote more consistent cell culture environment through sustained medium pH and stabilized components In January, 2018 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, got approval on the tool named as automated bioreactor. This tool can manufacture the stem cells, in billions within a day. This will allow the company to harvest the cell from bone marrow, this will allow the treatment of patients when their own cell is not in use, which will allow the Mayo Clinic to accelerate its existing studies using stem cells

Market Definition: Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market

Human embryonic stem cell is pluripotent stem cells, derivative of inner cell of blastocyst from inner cell mass of embryo. Embryonic stem cell gives rise to somatic cells in embryo. This is a useful tool to understand the difficult process mechanism involved in growth of specialized cells and establishment of organ structures, which are alternative to cancer therapy.

Market Drivers

Increase prevalence of cardiac and malignant diseases is driving the market growth Growing R&D investments and research initiatives which will propel the market in the forecast period High requirement for regenerative medicines is acting as a catalyst for growth of the market Support from government in funding and regulation can also boost the market growth

Market Restraints

Costly procedures and regulatory complications is acting as a restraint for the market growth Strict regulatory guidelines is hindering the growth of the market Ethical and policy concern may hamper the market in the forecast period

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Table of Contents-Snapshot Executive Summary Chapter 1 Industry Overview Chapter 2 Industry Competition by Manufacturers Chapter 3 Industry Production Market Share by Regions Chapter 4 Industry Consumption by Regions Chapter 5 Industry Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type Chapter 6 Industry Analysis by Applications Chapter 7 Company Profiles and Key Figures in Industry Business Chapter 8 Industry Manufacturing Cost Analysis Chapter 9 Marketing Channel, Distributors and Customers Chapter 10 Market Dynamics Chapter 11 Industry Forecast Chapter 12 Research Findings and Conclusion Chapter 13 Methodology and Data Source.

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The current trend pertaining to the demand supply and sales together with the recent developments have been given here to provide an exhaustive picture of this market. It also allows voluntarily accessible affordable reports of the research that is the end result of the personalized research carried by the internal team of professionals.

To comprehend Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell market dynamics in the world mainly, the worldwide Human Embryonic Stem Cell market is analyzed across major global regions.

North America: United States, Canada, and Mexico. South & Central America: Argentina, Chile, and Brazil. Middle East & Africa: Saudi Arabia, UAE, Turkey, Egypt and South Africa. Europe: UK, France, Italy, Germany, Spain, and Russia. Asia-Pacific: India, China, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia, Singapore, and Australia.

Actual Numbers & In-Depth Analysis, Business opportunities, Market Size Estimation Available in Full Report.

Segmentation: Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market

By Type

Totipotent Stem Cells Pluripotent Stem Cells Unipotent Stem Cells

By Application

Regenerative Medicine Stem Cell Biology Research Tissue Engineering Toxicology Testing

By End User

Research Clinical Trials Others

Reasons to Purchase this Report

Current and future of global human embryonic stem cell market outlook in the developed and emerging markets The segment that is expected to dominate the market as well as the segment which holds highest CAGR in the forecast period Regions/Countries that are expected to witness the fastest growth rates during the forecast period The latest developments, market shares, and strategies that are employed by the major market players

Customization of the Report:

All segmentation provided above in this report is represented at country level All products covered in the market, product volume and average selling prices will be included as customizable options which may incur no or minimal additional cost (depends on customization)

Thanks for reading this article, you can also get individual chapter wise section or region wise report version like North America, Europe or Asia.

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COVID-19 UPDATE : Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell Market 2020 Comprehensive Study with Arizona Board of Regents, STEMCELL Technologies Inc, Cellular...

AMSBIO Introduces StemFit for Differentiation of Human IPS and ES Cells – Technology Networks

AMSBIO has introduced StemFit for Differentiation a new chemically defined and animal component-free formulation that aims to enable unmatched differentiation of human Induced Pluripotent Stem (hiPS) and Embryonic Stem (hES) cells.

The unique chemically defined composition of StemFit for Differentiation minimizes lot-to-lot variation, enabling highly consistent cell differentiation. Free of animal- and human-derived components, StemFit for Differentiation can be used to eliminate the risk of immunogenic contamination.

Applications proven to benefit from StemFit for Differentiation include: lineage-specific (endodermal, mesodermal and ectodermal) differentiation where this new product is used to replace serum-free supplements, as well as spontaneous differentiation of hiPSCs to organoids via embryoid body formation.

Used in combination with StemFit Basic feeder-free medium with iMatrix-511 laminin as extracellular matrix, StemFit for Differentiation enables researchers to undertake clinical applications involving both expansion and differentiation of human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived cells and tissues.

Supplied as a 5X concentrate, StemFit for Differentiation has been formulated for use with basal cell culture medium (e.g. DMEM, RPMI 1640, DMEM/F12 etc.) and a variety of different induction factors or cytokines (including Activin A and bFGF from AMSBIO).

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AMSBIO Introduces StemFit for Differentiation of Human IPS and ES Cells - Technology Networks

Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market 2020by Manufacturers, Dealers, Consumers, Revenue, Regions, Types, Applications and Forecast to 2026 – Cole…

Inquire or Share Your Questions If Any before the Purchasing This Report https://www.absolutereports.com/enquiry/pre-order-enquiry/15170257

This report focuses on the global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present the Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) development in North America, Europe, China, Japan, Southeast Asia, India and Central & South America.

The study objectives of this report are:

Table of Contents of Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market:

1 Report Overview

1.1 Study Scope

1.2 Key Market Segments

1.3 Players Covered: Ranking by Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Revenue

1.4 Market Analysis by Type

1.4.1 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Size Growth Rate by Type: 2020 VS 2026

1.4.2 Type 1

1.4.3 Type 2

1.5 Market by Application

1.5.1 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Share by Application: 2020 VS 2026

1.5.2 Application 2

1.5.3 Application 2

1.6 Study Objectives

1.7 Years Considered

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2 Global Growth Trends by Regions

2.1 Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Perspective (2015-2026)

2.2 Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Growth Trends by Regions

2.2.1 Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Size by Regions: 2015 VS 2020 VS 2026

2.2.2 Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Historic Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)

2.2.3 Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Forecasted Market Size by Regions (2021-2026)

2.3 Industry Trends and Growth Strategy

2.3.1 Market Top Trends

2.3.2 Market Drivers

2.3.3 Market Challenges

2.3.4 Porters Five Forces Analysis

2.3.5 Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Growth Strategy

2.3.6 Primary Interviews with Key Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Players (Opinion Leaders)

3 Competition Landscape by Key Players

3.1 Global Top Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Players by Market Size

3.1.1 Global Top Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Players by Revenue (2015-2020)

3.1.2 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Revenue Market Share by Players (2015-2020)

3.1.3 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)

3.2 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Concentration Ratio

3.2.1 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

3.2.2 Global Top 10 and Top 5 Companies by Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Revenue in 2019

3.3 Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Key Players Head office and Area Served

3.4 Key Players Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Product Solution and Service

3.5 Date of Enter into Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market

3.6 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion Plans

Continued..

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Human Embryonic Stem Cells (HESC) Market 2020by Manufacturers, Dealers, Consumers, Revenue, Regions, Types, Applications and Forecast to 2026 - Cole...

New material mimics strength, toughness of mother of pearl – Science Codex

In the summer, many people enjoy walks along the beach looking for seashells. Among the most prized are those that contain iridescent mother of pearl (also known as nacre) inside. But many beachcombers would be surprised to learn that shimmery nacre is one of nature's strongest, most resilient materials. Now, researchers reporting in ACS Nano have made a material with interlocked mineral layers that resembles nacre and is stronger and tougher than previous mimics.

Some mollusks, such as abalone and pearl oysters, have shells lined with nacre. This material consists of layers of microscopic mineral "bricks" called aragonite stacked upon alternating layers of soft organic compounds. Scientists have tried to replicate this structure to make materials for engineering or medical applications, but so far artificial nacre has not been as strong as its natural counterpart. Hemant Raut, Caroline Ross, Javier Fernandez and colleagues noticed that prior nacre mimics used flat mineral bricks, whereas the natural material has wavy bricks that interlock in intricate herringbone patterns. They wanted to see if reproducing this structure would create a stronger, tougher nacre mimic for sustainable medical materials.

Using the components of natural nacre, the team made their composite material by forming wavy sheets of the mineral aragonite on a patterned chitosan film. Then, they interlocked two of the sheets together, filling the space between the wavy surfaces with silk fibroin. They stacked 150 interlocked layers together to form a composite that was about the thickness of a penny. The material was almost twice as strong and four times as tough as previous nacre mimics -- close to the strength and toughness reported for natural nacre. The artificial nacre was also biocompatible, which the researchers demonstrated by culturing human embryonic stem cells on its surface for one week. These features suggest that the material could be suitable for sustainable, low-cost medical uses, the researchers say.

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New material mimics strength, toughness of mother of pearl - Science Codex