Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market in 2020: Industry Overview on Global Size, Share, Future Trends, Segmentation, Demands, and Top Players…

The Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Report is an outstanding offering of critical dynamics, geographical growth, competition, and other relevant aspects of the global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) market. It provides accurate market figures and statistics including CAGR, volume, revenue, consumption, market share, production, price, and gross margins. Every local market studied in this report is accurately analyzed to explore key opportunities and business prospects they are expected to offer in the near future. Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) market report assists industry enthusiasts including investors and decision-makers to make confident capital investments, develop strategies, optimize their business portfolio, innovate successfully and perform safely and sustainably.

This Report Covers Leading Companies Associated in Worldwide Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market:

Fujifilm Holding Corporation (CDI),Ncardia,Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma,Astellas Pharma Inc,Fate Therapeutics, Inc,Pluricell Biotech,Cell Inspire Biotechnology,ReproCELL

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Key Businesses Segmentation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market:

Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Segment by Type, covers

Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Segment by Applications, can be divided into

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Report Covers Following Questions

What are the weaknesses and strengths of the key vendors?What are the key outcomes of the five forces analysis of the Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) market?What are the various threats and opportunities faced by the dealers in the Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) market?Who are the leading key players and what are their key business strategies in the Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) market?

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Table of Contents1 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)1.2 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Segment by Type1.2.1 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Growth Rate Comparison by Type 2020 VS 20261.2.2 Compact Type Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)1.2.3 Standard Type Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)1.3 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Segment by Application1.3.1 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Consumption Comparison by Application: 2020 VS 20261.4 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market by Region1.4.1 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Size Estimates and Forecasts by Region: 2020 VS 20261.4.2 North America Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.3 Europe Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.4 China Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.4.5 Japan Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Growth Prospects1.5.1 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Revenue Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5.2 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Capacity Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)1.5.3 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Estimates and Forecasts (2015-2026)2 Market Competition by Manufacturers2.1 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Capacity Market Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.2 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Revenue Share by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.3 Market Share by Company Type (Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3)2.4 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Average Price by Manufacturers (2015-2020)2.5 Manufacturers Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Sites, Area Served, Product Types2.6 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Competitive Situation and Trends2.6.1 Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Concentration Rate2.6.2 Global Top 3 and Top 5 Players Market Share by Revenue2.6.3 Mergers & Acquisitions, Expansion3 Production Capacity by Region3.1 Global Production Capacity of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)3.2 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Revenue Market Share by Regions (2015-2020)3.3 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.4 North America Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production3.4.1 North America Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.4.2 North America Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.5 Europe Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production3.5.1 Europe Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.5.2 Europe Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.6 China Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production3.6.1 China Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.6.2 China Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)3.7 Japan Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production3.7.1 Japan Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Growth Rate (2015-2020)3.7.2 Japan Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Capacity, Revenue, Price and Gross Margin (2015-2020)4 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Consumption by Regions4.1 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Consumption by Regions4.1.1 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Consumption by Region4.1.2 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Consumption Market Share by Region5 Production, Revenue, Price Trend by Type5.1 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Production Market Share by Type (2015-2020)5.2 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Revenue Market Share by Type (2015-2020)5.3 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Price by Type (2015-2020)5.4 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Share by Price Tier (2015-2020): Low-End, Mid-Range and High-End6 Global Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market Analysis by Application. And More

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) Market in 2020: Industry Overview on Global Size, Share, Future Trends, Segmentation, Demands, and Top Players...

Evotec Makes Move into Gene Therapy with Takeda… – Labiotech.eu

German biotech giant Evotec has moved into gene therapy and partnered with Takeda to develop new therapies in oncology, rare diseases, neuroscience, and gastroenterology.

The two companies did not reveal financial details of the collaboration, but did say that it will be a multi-year alliance that adds to Evotecs existing deal with the big pharma that stretches back more than 10 years. The four therapy areas they will concentrate on align with Takedas core therapeutic focus.

The alliance with Takeda gives us a head start, Evotec CEO Werner Lanthaler told me. Takeda has strong experience in gene therapy and we are proud that they have chosen us as a partner.

Evotec also announced it will be opening a 20-person R&D site in Austria, in Orth an der Donau, to work on its gene therapies. While this will be run independently from the Takeda deal, according to Lanthaler, he said the discussions around the collaboration happened at the same time as the gene therapy site was being set up.

The site known as Evotec GT will be led by Friedrich Scheiflinger, who worked for Takeda before moving to Evotec. According to a statement from Evotec, the team has worked together for many years and as well as a focus on gene therapy techniques, has expertise in virology and blood disorders, as well as metabolic and muscle diseases.

Gene therapy has undergone a revolution in recent years and has changed dramatically since the 90s. With approvals of therapies such as the eye gene therapy Luxturna in 2018, many companies are now investing in and working to develop similar therapies.

One reason Evotec cites for moving into this area is the potential for rapid market growth. At present, there are only a few gene therapies on the market, but there are many in development. The value of the market is expected to reach 4.6B by 2025, a dramatic increase from 459M in 2018.

Evotec is also working on various other advanced therapies, including cell therapy with its EVOcells platform. The company announced last week that it made a licensing and investment agreement with Canadian biotech panCELLa, a company modifying cell therapies to evade the immune system and prevent rejection. Evotec additionally has a PanOmics platform that combines transcriptomics and proteomics data to find new drug targets.

After expanding our biologics capabilities through the acquisition of Just Evotec Biologics in 2019, Evotec GT is yet another important piece to complete the multimodality puzzle, explained Lathaler.

The timing was ideal, as Evotec GT brings our existing expertise in the gene therapy field to a new level. It also has close technological ties especially to our induced pluripotent stem cells and PanOmics platforms, so these platforms can grow and gain traction together.

Image from Shutterstock

Excerpt from:
Evotec Makes Move into Gene Therapy with Takeda... - Labiotech.eu

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Research Pros And Cons …

Stem Cell Research Morally Wrong There are bugs or theres something that goes wrong to stem cell researchers, including myself, underscores the synergy that results when we reach across disciplines. The Santa Barbara-based event covers By contrast, the public is much less likely

Stem Cells and Growth Factors: What You Should Know However, there remains a great deal of confusion about the differences between growth factors, stem cells, plant stem cells and other related technologies. This article will discuss the pros and cons of This is known as induced pluripotent stem cells

While embryonic stem cells may turn out to be the best choice for some therapies, research work with other stem cell system, such as iPS cells and adult stem

"Stem Cell Research Pros and Cons." Scientific Method Understanding Science The third and most recently discovered source is adult stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS). Adult bone marrow or blood cells can be artificially induced

Adult stem cells are found throughout the body unlike embryonic stem cells which are found in the embryo. Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent which to me is unethical. The pros for embryonic stem cell research overrule the cons. There are too many

Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Drug Discovery. iPSCs present a unique approach for modeling human physiology and disease and understanding the

Definition: iPS cells, or IPSCs, stands for induced pluripotent stem cells. These are somatic Also Known As: iPS cells Pros and Cons of Stem Cell Research

In this article, we will discuss some of the benefits, advantages and disadvantages cells and all the other cells our bodies are comprised of. Today, medical research is focused on three particular types of stem cells: embryonic, adult and induced

Using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Drug Discovery Stem cells provide new opportunities for in vitro modeling and screening in a physiologically relevant environment that is consistent and replicable. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs perspectives on the pros and cons of using iPSCs for research

Umbilical Cord Stem Cell Research Facts Theres been some concern lately about the ALS Ice Bucket Challenge and the connection between the ALS Association and research into stem cell therapies. However, there are some important facts about stem cell research with the Cord Blood

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Anti-IL-6 Monoclonal Antibodies as Antiarrhythmic Treatment for HF – The Cardiology Advisor

, which were found to produce high levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6), was abated in the presence of anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies, according to study results intended to be presented at the annual meeting of the American College of Cardiology (ACC.20).

In a diseased state, cardiacmesenchymal stromal cells (cMSCs) remodel and secrete inflammatory cytokines,including IL-6. IL-6 has been shown to be a potent inducer of Ca2+-mediatedarrhythmia substrates in human myocytes. While anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibodies havean established role in the treatment of autoimmune diseases and malignancies, theiruse in the treatment of cardiac disease has not been well studied.

Using extracted device leads and explanted hearts from patients with and without heart failure, investigators isolated cMSCs (failing and non-failing cMSCs, respectively), and quantified IL-6 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Myocytes were derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from individuals without heart failure and cultured in monolayers. Myocytes were treated with exogenous IL-6 or cocultured with failing cMSCs with and without anti-IL-6 monoclonal antibody. Fluorescent indicators were used to detect the presence of Ca2+ alternans during steady state pacing.

The secretion of IL-6 was found tobe 5.6 times higher in failing vs nonfailing cMSCs (n=4; P <.005) and 66 times higher in cMSCs vs iPSC-derived humanmyocytes (n=5; P <.002). Myocytes thatwere cocultured with failing cMSCs or were exposed to exogenous IL-6 had largeincreases in Ca2+ alternans compared with myocytes cultured alone (343%,n=12, P <.001 and 300%, n=5, P <.002, respectively). These Ca2+alternans were reduced to baseline levels in myocyte/cMSC cocultures treated vsnot treated with IL-6 (reduction, 400%; n=18, P <.001).

These results suggest anovel anti-arrhythmic therapeutic strategy in heart failure using anti-IL-6drugs such as tocilizumab, sarilumab, or siltuximab, concluded theresearchers.

Reference

Vasireddi S, Sattayaprasert P,Moravec C, et al. Targeted anti-inflammatory treatment with anti-Il-6monoclonal antibody for calcium-mediated arrhythmia substrates in heartfailure. Intended to be presented at: American College of Cardiologys 69thAnnual Scientific Session; March 28-30, 2020; Chicago, IL. Presentation 915-09.

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Anti-IL-6 Monoclonal Antibodies as Antiarrhythmic Treatment for HF - The Cardiology Advisor

Evotec Expands Its IPSC-Based Cell Therapy Platform Evocells Through Licensing Agreement with panCella – Benzinga

HAMBURG, GERMANY, AND TORONTO, ON / ACCESSWIRE / April 2, 2020 / Evotec SE ((Frankfurt Stock Exchange: EVT, MDAX/TecDAX, OTC:EVOTF) and the innovative biotechnology company panCELLa Inc. announced today that the companies have entered into a licensing and investment agreement.

Under the terms of the agreement, Evotec will receive a non-exclusive licence to access panCELLa's proprietary iPS cell lines "iACT Stealth Cells(TM)", which are genetically modified to prevent immune rejection of derived cell therapy products ("cloaking"). Furthermore, Evotec will also have access to a new-generation cloaking technology known as hypoimmunogenic cells. In addition, the "FailSafe(TM)" mechanism effectively addresses a key challenge in iPSC-based cell therapy, potential tumour formation by residual undifferentiated cells.

Using the cell lines, Evotec will be able to develop iPSC-based, off-the-shelf cell therapies with long-lasting efficacy that can be safely administered to a broad population of patients without the use of medication to supress the patients' immune system. With a growing portfolio of iPSC-based cell therapy projects at Evotec, access to research as well as GMP-grade iPSC lines modified with one or both of the panCELLa technologies significantly accelerates Evotec's cell therapy discovery and development efforts. Modified iPSC lines will be available for the development of cell therapy approaches across a broad range of indications by Evotec and potential partners. Furthermore, Evotec has made an investment to take a minority stake in panCELLa and has nominated Dr Andreas Scheel to join panCELLa's supervisory board.

Dr Cord Dohrmann, Chief Scientific Officer of Evotec, commented: "Cell therapies hold enormous potential as truly regenerative or curative approaches for a broad range of different diseases with significant medical need. Integrating panCELLa's technology and cell lines into our ongoing proprietary research and development efforts strengthens Evotec's position in cell therapy. It is our goal to provide safe highly-effective cell therapy products to as many patients as possible. In addition to small molecules and biologics, cell therapy will become yet another major pillar of Evotec's multimodality discovery and development platform."

Mahendra Rao, MD, PhD, CEO at panCELLa, added: "We welcome the partnership with Evotec. Evotec's widely recognised expertise and existing portfolio of iPSC-related technology platforms will allow panCELLa to rapidly advance its own therapeutic interests in NK cell therapy, pancreatic islet production and iPSC-derived MSC platform, in addition to enabling panCELLa to make its platform technologies widely available. I believe that the investment by Evotec in our company is a strong validation of the leading role of panCELLa in the field of regenerative medicine and in the utility of its platform technologies. We welcome Dr Andreas Scheel to our Board."

No financial details of the agreement were disclosed.

About Evotec and iPSCInduced pluripotent stem cells (also known as iPS cells or iPSCs) are a type of pluripotent stem cell that can be generated directly from adult cells. The iPSC technology was pioneered by Shinya Yamanaka's lab in Kyoto, Japan, who showed in 2006 that the introduction of four specific genes encoding transcription factors could convert adult cells into pluripotent stem cells. He was awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize along with Sir John Gurdon "for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent". Pluripotent stem cells hold great promise in the field of regenerative medicine. Because they can propagate indefinitely, as well as give rise to every other cell type in the body (such as neurons, heart, pancreatic and liver cells), they represent a single source of cells that could be used to replace those lost to damage or disease.

Evotec has built an industrialised iPSC infrastructure that represents one of the largest and most sophisticated iPSC platforms in the industry. Evotec's iPSC platform has been developed over the last years with the goal to industrialise iPSC-based drug screening in terms of throughput, reproducibility and robustness to reach the highest industrial standards, and to use iPSC-based cells in cell therapy approaches via the Company's proprietary EVOcells platform.

About cell therapy and panCELLa's FailSafe(TM) iPSC technologyCell therapy, one of the most promising regenerative medicine approaches, replaces a patient's missing or broken cells with functioning cells from a range of different sources, either from a donor, from the patient's own material, or from stem cells. The advent of induced pluripotent stem cells ("iPSC") has opened up stem cells as an almost unlimited source of consistent-quality material for such cell therapies. At the same time, differentiating cell therapies from a single validated source circumvents critical risks of contamination associated with administering both donor and patient cell material.

However, the patient's immune system will treat such iPSC-based transplants as "foreign" and use the body's immune system to counteract the therapy, thus undermining its long-term efficacy. While organ transplants require an often lifelong regimen of immunosuppressants, iPSC-derived cells used for cell therapies can be cloaked to make them undetectable by the patient's immune system, thus avoiding rejection and enabling effective long-term relief of the patient's symptoms.

To increase the safety of such iPSC-derived cell products, panCELLa's proprietary FailSafe(TM) technology is able to inactivate any iPSC-derived proliferating cell before and after transplantation through the use of a readily available anti-infective medication. FailSafe(TM) is the only quantifiable "safety switch" on the market which is expected to be critical for regulators, clinicians and patients to make informed decisions when evaluating treatment options.

ABOUT PANCELLA INC.Incorporated in August 2015, panCELLa (www.pancella.com) was founded by Dr Andras Nagy and Dr Armand Keating based on Dr Nagy's ground-breaking work in the area of stem cell research. Through panCELLa, Drs Keating and Nagy are seeking to create an effective cell therapy derived from stem cells, which are modified to provide a sufficient and very high level of safety before and after the cells are introduced to the patient. panCELLa serves those companies developing products from stem cells. panCELLa seeks to create universal "off the shelf" FailSafe(TM) Cells and to assist pharmaceutical and biotechnology sectors to achieve such with their own cell lines. Targeted medical applications include deadly, debilitating, or aggressive diseases requiring immediate treatment where there is no time to cultivate a customized stem cell treatment from the patient (i.e. cancer, cardiac infarct, diabetes, stroke and spinal cord injury).

ABOUT EVOTEC SEEvotec is a drug discovery alliance and development partnership company focused on rapidly progressing innovative product approaches with leading pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academics, patient advocacy groups and venture capitalists. We operate worldwide and our more than 3,000 employees provide the highest quality stand-alone and integrated drug discovery and development solutions. We cover all activities from target-to-clinic to meet the industry's need for innovation and efficiency in drug discovery and development (EVT Execute). The Company has established a unique position by assembling top-class scientific experts and integrating state-of-the-art technologies as well as substantial experience and expertise in key therapeutic areas including neuronal diseases, diabetes and complications of diabetes, pain and inflammation, oncology, infectious diseases, respiratory diseases, fibrosis, rare diseases and women's health. On this basis, Evotec has built a broad and deep pipeline of approx. 100 co-owned product opportunities at clinical, pre-clinical and discovery stages (EVT Innovate). Evotec has established multiple long-term alliances with partners including Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, CHDI, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer, Sanofi, Takeda, UCB and others. For additional information please go to http://www.evotec.com and follow us on Twitter @Evotec.

FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTSInformation set forth in this press release contains forward-looking statements, which involve a number of risks and uncertainties. The forward-looking statements contained herein represent the judgement of Evotec as of the date of this press release. Such forward-looking statements are neither promises nor guarantees, but are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and which could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated in these forward-looking statements. We expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any such statements to reflect any change in our expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based.

Contact Evotec SE:Gabriele Hansen, SVP Corporate Communications, Marketing & Investor Relations, Phone: +49.(0)40.56081-255, gabriele.hansen@evotec.com

SOURCE: Evotec AG

View source version on accesswire.com: https://www.accesswire.com/583603/Evotec-Expands-Its-IPSC-Based-Cell-Therapy-Platform-Evocells-Through-Licensing-Agreement-with-panCella

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Evotec Expands Its IPSC-Based Cell Therapy Platform Evocells Through Licensing Agreement with panCella - Benzinga

Citius Signs Option With Novellus To License Novel Stem-Cell Therapy For ARDS – Nasdaq

(RTTNews) - Citius Pharmaceuticals Inc. (CTXR) said that it signed an exclusive six-month option agreement to in-license a stem-cell therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS from a subsidiary of Novellus Inc.

In Wednesday pre-market trade, CTXR is trading at $0.82, up $0.22 or 36.64 percent.

Novellus's patented process uses its exclusive non-immunogenic synthetic messenger ribonucleic acid or mRNA molecules to create induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) that, in turn, generate mesenchymal stem cells or MSCs with superior immunomodulatory properties.

MSCs have been shown to be safe in over 900 clinical trials and to be safe and effective in treating a number of inflammatory diseases, including ARDS.

mesenchymal stem cells prevent and suppress cytokine storm believed to be the cause of the severe inflammation of ARDS and now seen in COVID-19 patients.

The views and opinions expressed herein are the views and opinions of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of Nasdaq, Inc.

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Citius Signs Option With Novellus To License Novel Stem-Cell Therapy For ARDS - Nasdaq

A New NK Cell-based Immunotherapy For Cancer Treatment – Health News Today

The immunotherapy uses the bodys immune cells or immune cells of a matched donor for the treatment of cancer and for some patients it yields good results in clinical trials.

Researchers from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis found that the effectiveness of immunotherapy depends on the age of immune cells. The natural killer (NK) cells, in their early development, are more effective and could be developed from human pluripotent stem cells without utilizing the cells from a matched donor or patient.

Detailed findings of this study are published in the journal Developmental Cell.

Research leader Christopher M. Sturgeon found that the effectiveness of natural killer cells is highly consistent and would not need cells from the patient or the donor. Researchers are working to increase the effectiveness of immunotherapy for cancer patients and revealed that these natural killer cells could be manufactured from the existing cell under strict guidelines and could be easily available for the patients whenever they need them.

Also read- Horrors of Coronavirus Pandemic Continue Killing 10,000 People Worldwide

Adult versions of natural killer cells originate from bone marrow and are used in investigational therapies while earlier natural killer cells form in the yolk sac of the early embryos of mammals. These earlier versions of NK cells are short-lived immune cells and can originate from human pluripotent stem cells for therapeutic purposes because these stem cells tend to produce different types of cells including NK cells.

Producing such cells from stem cells removes the time to utilize patients or donors cells and make it easily available for cancer patients.

Sturgeon found that in the early stage of embryo development, there is no bone marrow but still there is the production of blood. To keep the embryo alive, there is a brief supply of blood by the yolk sac until bone marrow starts the production of blood. These early blood cells seem to be capable of producing natural killer cells that adult blood cells cant produce.

Researchers tempted induced pluripotent stem cells of human and mouse to form specific natural killer cells and showed that these early versions of natural killer cells are better than adults ones in releasing anti-tumor chemicals through a process called degranulation.

The research team adds that adult version of natural killer cells provokes harmful inflammation by releasing different chemicals but unfortunately these chemicals are not helpful against cancer.

Also read- Loss of Smell (anosmia) is the New Sign of COVID-19, Doctors Say

In the past work by other research groups, the origin of natural killer cells was a question mark. These groups suggested that early versions of natural killer cells are more helpful against cancer but how and why they were effective was unknown.

But now the origin of these unique natural killer cells is known. Natural killer cells could be originated from existing pluripotent stem cells and unlike T cell therapies, NK cells dont harm healthy cells of body tissues. In case, if NK cells cause harm they do not stay longer in the body.

Sturgeon was interested to know the reason for their presence in the early embryo and assumed that during rapid cell division in the early embryo NK cells supervise the protection against infection or cancer. This study opens doors to manufacture early versions of NK cells from human pluripotent stem cells for clinical trials.

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A New NK Cell-based Immunotherapy For Cancer Treatment - Health News Today

Coriell Institute for Medical Research Awarded $8.6 Million Biobanking Contract from National Institute on Aging – Newswise

Newswise The National Institute on Aging (NIA) has extended its biobanking contract with the Coriell Institute for Medical Research for an additional five years.

The newly awarded $8.6 million funding keeps Coriell in place as the trusted steward of this collection and includes the addition of new innovative products to expand the collection. The NIA Aging Cell Repository was established at Coriell in 1974 and Coriell has continuously managed this unique resource ever since.

Coriells relationship with the NIA is among its oldest and most treasured, said Nahid Turan, Coriell's Chief Biobanking Officer. We at Coriell are committed to ensuring the success of this phenomenal collection of aging-related biospecimens, and we are thrilled at the opportunity to continue this important collaboration with NIA.

The NIA Aging Cell Repository contains a collection of high quality, well characterized human and animal cell line and DNA samples, representing aged human populations, age-related diseases, and animal models of aging and has seen significant changes in the last decade.

One major focus of the collection is now to generate valuable induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines, which can be used to model aging and perform disease in a dish experiments. These stem cells are created from skin or blood cells in the NIA collection, which were reverted into a stem cell state. From there, these cells can be coaxed into becoming nearly any other cell type in the body, including neuronal or nerve cells. Seven of these important iPSC lines have been added to the collection in the last three years, representing age related neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimers disease as well as rare genetic diseases like Progeria and Werner Syndrome.

Late last year, the Repository also added more than 350 new cell lines collected from participants in a long-term study of aging known as The 90+ Study. Participants in this study all aged 90 years or older donated their DNA and agreed to answer questions over a period of time to help researchers better understand the lifestyle and biological factors which may contribute to advanced aging.

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Coriell Institute for Medical Research Awarded $8.6 Million Biobanking Contract from National Institute on Aging - Newswise

Stem cells to help the heart – Science Magazine

Shinya Yamanaka's 2006 discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) ignited a revolution in the field of stem cell biology (1). For the first time, nearly all human somatic tissues could be produced from iPSCs reprogrammed from blood or skin cells, in a process that took only weeks. This advance was particularly crucial for obtaining surrogate tissues from cell types that are otherwise difficult to procure and do not readily expand in vitro, such as cardiac or neural cells. Additionally, many ethical concerns are avoided, because this technology uses a patient's own genetic material to create iPSCs rather than relying on embryonic stem cells. In the aftermath of Yamanaka's discovery, entire biomedical industries have developed around the promise of using human iPSCs (hiPSCs) and their derivatives for in vitro disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy (2).

The hiPSC technology has had a particularly notable impact in cardiac regenerative medicine, a field where scientists and clinicians have been working to devise new methods to better understand how cardiovascular disease manifests and how to restore cardiovascular function after disease strikes (3). The heart is limited in its ability to regenerate lost cardiomyocytes (beating heart muscle cells), following an adverse event such as a heart attack (4). Cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs (hiPSC-CMs) may represent a potential replacement option for dead cells in such a scenario. However, certain issues remain to be addressed, such as whether hiPSC-CMs can integrate with host myocardial tissue in the long term (5).

While using hiPSC-CMs for in vivo cell therapy may become practical in the future, employing hiPSC-CMs for high-throughput drug discovery and screening is becoming a reality in the present (6). Cardiovascular diseases can be recapitulated in a dish with patient-specific hiPSC-CMs. For example, if a patient exhibits a cardiac arrhythmia caused by a genetic abnormality in a sarcomeric protein or ion channel, that same rhythm problem can be recapitulated in vitro (7). Thanks to advances in hiPSC differentiation protocols, hiPSC-CMs can now be mass-produced to study cardiovascular disease mechanisms in vitro (8).

My graduate thesis in the laboratories of Joseph Wu and Sean Wu at Stanford University focused on in vitro applications of hiPSC-CMs for cardiovascular disease modeling and for high-throughput screening of chemotherapeutic compounds to predict cardiotoxicity. I initially embarked on a project using hiPSC-CMs to model viral myocarditis, a viral infection of the heart, caused by the B3 strain of coxsackievirus (9). I began by demonstrating that hiPSC-CMs express the receptors necessary for viral internalization and subsequently found that hiPSC-CMs were highly susceptible to coxsackievirus infection, exhibiting viral cytopathic effect within hours of infection. I also identified compounds that could alleviate coxsackievirus infection on hiPSC-CMs, a translationally relevant finding, as there remains a shortage of treatments for viral myocarditis.

Using a genetically modified variant of coxsackievirus B3 expressing luciferase, I developed a screening platform for assessing the efficacy of antiviral compounds. Pretreatment with interferon-, ribavirin, or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate markedly suppressed viral replication on hiPSC-CMs by activating intracellular antiviral response and viral protein clearance pathways. These compounds alleviated viral replication in a dose-dependent fashion at low concentrations without causing cellular toxicity.

I next sought to use hiPSC-CMs to screen anticancer chemotherapeutic compounds for their off-target cardiovascular toxicities (10). Cardiotoxicity represents a major cause of drug withdrawal from the pharmaceutical market, and several chemotherapeutic agents can cause unintended cardiovascular damage (11). Using cultured hiPSC-CMs, I evaluated 21 U.S. Food and Drug Administrationapproved tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), commonly prescribed anticancer compounds, for their cardiotoxic potential. HiPSC-CMs express the major tyrosine kinase receptor proteins such as the insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors, lending validity to this cellular model.

Initially, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be produced by reprogramming skin or blood cells by nonviral or viral reprogramming methods. Cardiac differentiation protocols allow for the creation of cardiomyocytes derived from hiPSCs (hiPSC-CMs) for downstream applications, including in vitro disease modeling, drug screening, and regenerative cell therapy.

With data from a battery of cellular apoptosis, contractility, electrophysiology, and signaling assays, I generated a cardiac safety index to help align in vitro toxicity data to clinical drug safety guidelines (12). From the safety index, I determined that a subclass of VEGF receptor 2/PDGF receptorinhibiting tyrosine kinase inhibitors, some of which exhibit toxicity clinically, also elicited cardiotoxicities in hiPSC-CMs. These manifested as substantial alterations in cellular electrophysiology, contractility, and viability when administered at clinically relevant concentrations. I also discovered that cotreatment with either IGF or insulin partially rescued TKI-induced toxicity by up-regulating antiapoptotic signaling pathways. This work could prove useful for groups aiming to develop effective screening platforms to assess new chemotherapeutic compounds for cardiotoxic side effects.

I also collaborated with the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) to send a sample of hiPSC-CMs to the International Space Station. As humankind ventures beyond our home planet, it is imperative that we better understand how the heart functions for long periods of time in microgravity. Analysis of these hiPSC-CMs revealed microgravity-induced alterations in metabolic gene expression and calcium handling (13).

In recent years, the stem cell field has experienced an explosion of studies using hiPSC-CMs as a model cellular system to study cardiovascular biology. As improvements in hiPSC-CM mass production continue, we will see a rise in studies using these cells for disease modeling and drug screening. Thus, although hiPSC-CM technology is in its infancy, it holds great potential to improve cardiovascular health.

PHOTO: COURTESY OF A. SHARMA

FINALIST

Arun Sharma

Arun Sharma received his undergraduate degree from Duke University and a Ph.D. from Stanford University. Having completed a postdoctoral fellowship at the Harvard Medical School, Sharma is now a senior research fellow jointly appointed at the Smidt Heart Institute and Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute at the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles. His research seeks to develop in vitro platforms for cardiovascular disease modeling and drug cardiotoxicity assessment. http://www.sciencemag.org/content/367/6483/1206.1

Excerpt from:
Stem cells to help the heart - Science Magazine

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