Unlocking the Secrets of Stem Cells in Zero Gravity – SciTechDaily

The Expedition 70 crew at the International Space Station embarked on a busy week filled with stem cell research and preparations for the arrival of the Progress 87 cargo craft.

A busy week of science and prep for an upcoming cargo delivery kicked off aboard the International Space Station on Monday as the Expedition 70 crew set its sights on new stem cell research and orbital training.

Two cosmonauts, Flight Engineers Oleg Kononenko and Nikolai Chub, are gearing up to be on duty monitoring the automated docking of the Progress 87 cargo craft, which is scheduled to launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 10:25 p.m. EST on Wednesday, February 14. Loaded with nearly three tons of food, fuel, and supplies, Progress will dock to the station around 1:12 a.m. Saturday, February 17. In preparation of the upcoming cargo delivery, the cosmonauts trained on the telerobotically operated rendezvous unit, or TORU, which allows them to remotely control an arriving spacecraft in the unlikely event it could not automatically dock.

The Progress 84 cargo craft is pictured shortly after undocking from the International Space Stations Poisk Module. Credit: NASA

Meanwhile, the Progress 85 cargo craft, which arrived to the station about six months ago, will undock from the station at 9:09 p.m. Monday, February 12 About three hours later, it will be commanded to deorbit before harmlessly burning up over the Pacific Ocean.

While training for the upcoming mission was underway, two NASA Flight Engineers, Jasmin Moghbeli and Loral OHara, focused a majority of their day on the Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Microgravity Induced Bone Loss (MABL-A) investigation. MABL-A, which was delivered aboard Northrop Grummans 20th Commercial Resupply Mission nearly two weeks ago, assesses the effects of microgravity on bone marrow stem cells. The duo worked separately throughout the day to sample BioCells inside the habitat with assistance from JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) Flight Engineer Satoshi Furukawa.

NASA astronaut and Expedition 70 Flight Engineer Jasmin Moghbeli works inside the Life Science Glovebox for the Microgravity Associated Bone Loss-A investigation. She was processing bone cell samples obtained from human donors on Earth and exploring space-caused bone loss. Results may help doctors learn how to protect and treat astronauts on long-term missions and inform treatments for bone conditions on Earth. Credit: SciTechDaily.com

Later on, Moghbeli donned the Bio-Monitor garment and headband, which monitors and records vital signs while crew members perform daily activities. Afterward, she was joined by Furukawa, ESA (European Space Agency) Commander Andreas Mogensen, and Roscosmos Flight Engineer Konstantin Borisov to complete orbital training in the unlikely event an emergency were to occur on station.

Near the end of the day, Mogensen, with assistance from Furukawa, unstowed the NanoRacks External Platform and then mounted a pressure management device to it before configuring power and data cables.

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Unlocking the Secrets of Stem Cells in Zero Gravity - SciTechDaily

Improving stem cell research – Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Repetitive, manual tasks are an inevitability in managing daily operations in a research setting. But the more time researchers spend on basic maintenance, the less time they have to do cutting-edge research.

Third-year students at the Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences (SEAS) worked with the Harvard Stem Cell Institute iPS Core Facility last fall to design a pair of solutions to reduce the time spent on day-to-day operations. They created an automated task management and scheduling system called WorkFlow, and a semi-robotic cell imaging system called CytoScope. The students presented their designs as their final project for ES96: Engineering Problem Solving and Design Project, a core course for third-year SEAS students pursuing S.B. engineering degrees. This section was taught by David Mooney, Robert P. Pinkas Family Professor of Bioengineering.

This was the best design project Ive ever been part of, said project co-lead Ryan Link, a mechanical engineering concentrator. We started from scratch, didnt know what wed have at the end. It was this whole design process: start from literally a blank piece of paper, create each piece, go through and solve problems along the way, and build something in the end.

The iPS Core Facility derives and distributes induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs). Unlike embryonic stem cells, IPSCs can be taken from adults and start off as cells that have already differentiated into a specific use, such as kidney or heart cells. The cells can then be regressed into stem cells, which can differentiate into a new function.

I could walk up to an adult, take some cells, turn them into stem cells and use them to recreate their kidney or liver, Link said.

Because IPSCs can be taken from adults, they have the potential to enable stem cell research without the ethical and political issues associated with embryonic stem cells.

As bioengineers, a lot of the stuff that we research has ethical concerns in mind, said Aaron Zheng, a bioengineering concentrator and project co-lead. So, it was very interesting for us to work on this project to further a field that has a lot of scientific implications without the preexisting ethical implications.

The iPS Core Facility challenged the 13 ES96 students to identify ways to improve productivity and operations in the lab. That led to a full month of background research and interviews to identify the most-pressing needs.

We spent a month deriving a one-sentence problem statement, which is what we framed the rest of the semester around, Zheng said. It was about what our client needed the most, what their biggest challenges were, and what solution would best address that problem.

The students then brainstormed potential solutions, slowly whittling down the list based on factors that included cost of materials, level of impact, and feasibility of delivery by the end of the semester.

The students worked hard, demonstrated significant creativity and ingenuity, and I think really learned how to work as a team on a complex, multicomponent project, Mooney said. The Teaching Fellows, Shawn Kang and Kyle Ruark, and Active Learning Labs staff Melissa Hancock and Avery Normandin provided access to critical resources and important training, and the students worked closely with the iPS Core Facility Director Dr. Laurence Daheron to both identify the key issues and develop solutions.

As a problem statement, the students decided the facilitys biggest need was to improve the inefficiencies in its monitoring technology and process of culturing sample cells. The CytoScope addresses those inefficiencies by automating the imaging process for stem cell plates stored overnight in incubators.

When researchers would check on the IPSCs every morning, theyd have to take them out, put them under a microscope, examine them by hand and try to determine what was going on, Link said. Theyd have to do that for every cell plate or cell well, which means a lot of manual labor for a pretty simple task. Our idea was to create a system inside the incubator that could image the cells autonomously overnight, and the researchers could just look at the images in the morning without having to do all these extra steps.

WorkFlow is a software system that combines calendar, messaging, spreadsheet and task-management programs, making it easier for researchers to track what their colleagues are doing and when. Both final products stressed the importance of feasibility, of designing engineering solutions that can be delivered to a client by a specific date.

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Improving stem cell research - Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

A New Gig in the Science World – The New York Times

Good morning. Its Wednesday. Well meet the new president and chief executive of a foundation that backs stem cell research. Well also get details on a $5 million fine in a New Jersey tax break scandal.

Jennifer Raab heard about the space launch while being interviewed for a job at the New York Stem Cell Foundation that unexpectedly turned emotional.

Valentina Fossati, a scientist with the foundation, mentioned that test tubes would be part of the payload on a private mission to the International Space Station. The test tubes would contain three-dimensional models of brain tissue that scientists at the foundation had made from stem cells. Fossati said the scientists hoped to learn whether space was the place to study neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinsons disease and multiple sclerosis.

Then Fossati said that she had M.S. herself.

That was very moving, Raab said, to realize that someone had turned her own challenges into working on solving a problem for the general population.

Raab was hired as president and chief executive of the foundation. The space mission was launched on her third day on the job. The project, conducted in collaboration with other research institutions, will study the cells when they are brought back to earth. The researchers will look for changes brought on by microgravity in space and whether such changes could be applied to work on diseases like Parkinsons or M.S.

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Synthetic Stem Cells Market Size & Share to Exceed USD 60.1 Billion by 2034, at CAGR of 23.3%. – InvestorsObserver

Synthetic Stem Cells Market Size & Share to Exceed USD 60.1 Billion by 2034, at CAGR of 23.3%. "Revolutionizing Regenerative Medicine: The Booming Frontier of Synthetic Stem Cells Unleashes Hope and Healing" PMI Leads the Way

Covina, Feb. 01, 2024 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- According to the recent research study, the Synthetic Stem Cells Market size was valued at about USD 8.9 Billion in 2024 and expected to grow at CAGR of 23.3% to extend a value of USD 60.1 Billion by 2034.

What is Synthetic Stem Cells?

Synthetic stem cells can be designed in laboratories by mimicking the properties of natural stem cells, such as their self-renewal capacity and pluripotency (ability to differentiate into multiple cell types). These artificial cells are often created using bioengineering techniques and may involve the use of biomaterials, genetic manipulation, or other advanced technologies. The field of synthetic stem cells holds promise for various medical applications, including regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, and disease treatment. By harnessing the potential of synthetic stem cells, researchers aim to develop innovative therapies for conditions such as injuries, degenerative diseases, and other disorders that involve damaged or malfunctioning tissues.

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Synthetic Stem Cells Market Size & Share to Exceed USD 60.1 Billion by 2034, at CAGR of 23.3%. - InvestorsObserver

Stem cell research project to launch into space – Fox Weather

Science experiments are launching to the space station on NASA's 20th Northrop Grumman mission.

A Mayo Clinic research project focusing on gravitys role in bone loss will be one of several experiments aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket when it lifts off from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station later this month.

The mission is known as NG-20 and is destined to deliver food, supplies and experiments to the International Space Station.

The stem cell experiment has been a long time in the planning and researchers say theyll be able to learn more about tissue repair and regeneration.

"Weve known for some time that astronauts lose bone density on long-duration space flights," Dr. Abba Zubair, a laboratory medicine and pathology specialist at the Mayo Clinic said in a statement. "We want to understand how this occurs so we can work on solutions that prevent bone loss not only in astronauts while theyre in space but also in patients here on Earth."

Northrop Grummans 20th operational cargo delivery flight

(Northrop Grumman / FOX Weather)

Zubair believes the experiment could have implications on clinical trials and travel to Mars.

"We will use what we learn from this project to advance our research on the road to clinical trials, with the ultimate goal of testing therapeutic agents that can prevent or treat bone loss that comes with osteoporosis, as well as bone loss that occurs in patients who are bedridden for long periods of time," Zubair stated.

2024 ROCKET LAUNCH SCHEDULE SHOWS CONTINUED STEADY PACE OF BLAST-OFFS

If weather or technical matters dont delay the launch, itll lift off from Floridas Space Coast on Jan. 29 with spacecraft named after NASA astronaut Dr. Patricia "Patty" Hilliard Robertson.

Robertson was killed during a private plane crash a year before she was set to arrive at the ISS in 2002.

"It is the companys tradition to name each Cygnus spacecraft in honor of an individual who has made substantial contributions to human spaceflight. Dr. Robertson was an accomplished medical doctor and avid acrobatic pilot prior to her NASA career," Northrop Grumman, the producer of the Cygnus spacecraft, stated.

Dr. Patricia "Patty" Hilliard Robertson

(NASA)

A crew of seven aboard the ISS will be tasked with unloading the Cygnus spacecraft a few days after launch.

The mission is Northrop Grummans 20th cargo flight to the ISS, which is expected to continue through 2026.

SEE THE OBJECT HUMANS LEFT BEHIND ON THE MOON

Other experiments aboard the NG-20 will involve testing a 3D metal printer, semiconductor manufacturing and a thermal protection system.

The Mayo Clinic stated a second space flight could launch by the end of the year, which would analyze bone formation and loss.

The combination of experiments is expected to help researchers study bones healing potential and lead to potential treatments that could be used in space and on Earth.

The International Space Station

(NASA)

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Stem cell research project to launch into space - Fox Weather

Gut bacteria can be the key to safer stem cell transplantations, study finds – EURACTIV

A new study shows that adverse effects in stem cell transplantation are less common when certain microbes are present in the patients gut, which opens possibilities to create better conditions synthetically and ensure safer outcomes.

Stem cell transplantations can help cure many haematological conditions such as leukaemia, myeloma, and lymphoma in which the bone marrow is damaged and can no longer produce healthy blood cells.

However, there are still considerable risks associated with them, like graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) and transplant-related mortality (TRM).

GvHD can happen after a stem cell transplantation, when in some cases the donor stem cells, the graft, attack healthy cells in the patient, typically in the skin, the gut or the liver.

It affects up to 30% of patients and can be severe. In some cases, patients respond to steroids, but in many others, they are refractory, reducing the survival outcomes and setting the mortality rate as high as 50%.

Some previous studies have shown that the probability of developing GvHD is related to the recipients microbiome, the community of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that reside in patients guts.

Theres been quite a bit of interest in the microbiome because a few landmark studies have shown a correlation between the microbiome and outcomes in stem cell transplantation, Erik Thiele Orberg from TUM (Technical University of Munich) told Euractiv.

We didnt understand the mechanisms that underlie and confer this effect, he explained.

Along with a team of researchers from the TUM and the Universittsklinikum Regensburg (UKR), Thiele Orberg has tried to fill some of the knowledge gaps in a study.

According to Thiele Orberg, these findings will help identify individuals at risk of developing these adverse reactions during stem cell transplantation.

In the study, researchers analysed stool samples from a cohort of patients undergoing stem cell transplantation and confirmed that patients with a higher bacterial diversity had better outcomes, including reduced mortality, lower transplant-related mortality, and less relapse.

They aimed to identify metabolites substances produced by gut bacteria during metabolism that could influence immune responses in patients undergoing stemcell transplantation and identify the microbiome contributing to their production.

Thiele Orberg explained that they were able to find which consortia of protective bacteria, bacteriophages, and metabolites are highly associated with beneficial outcomes and are useful in identifying their lack in patients, creating a risk of developing GVHD and transplant-related mortality.

New possibilities for future procedures

The researchers next step is to figure out how to create this beneficial landscape in the recipients guts.

The studys findings suggest that it may be possible to use synthetic bacteria consortia to produce the protective metabolites identified in the study to improve the transplantations outcomes.

All these new data, Thiele Orberg added, could also be used to improve other already established procedures, like faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), the transplant of faecal matter from a donor into the intestinal tract of a recipient to change their microbiome.

It is currently being researched in several advanced clinical trials, but we still have the same burning questions in that field, namely what makes a donor a good donor [for FMT] and why do some patients respond and others dont, he explained.

One of the current hypotheses, backed by early pilot experiments, is that the patients who respond to FMT are those able to kick-start their metabolite production after the procedure.

With these new findings, Thiele Orberg explained that a future standard procedure to ensure better outcomes could go as follows:

A patient undergoing stem cell transplantation would be continuously screened using the immune modulatory metabolite risk index. Once a patient is considered to be at risk, they could be prophylactically treated using metabolite cocktails or precision FMT products from donors that have been previously validated for robust metabolite production.

All these discoveries open new investigative paths not only for stem cell transplantation but also for new microbiome studies in other cell therapies.

[Edited by Zoran Radosavljevic]

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Gut bacteria can be the key to safer stem cell transplantations, study finds - EURACTIV

Stem Cell Research Heading to the ISS on Axiom Mission 3 – ISS National Lab

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER (FL), January 17, 2024 More than 5 million people worldwide are living with neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinsons disease and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). Researchers funded by the National Stem Cell Foundation (NSCF) are turning to the microgravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS) to better understand and model what causes these debilitating diseases as part of an ISS National Laboratory-sponsored investigation flying on Axiom Spaces third private astronaut mission.

The mission will mark the fifth flight to the orbiting laboratory for NSCF, which is aiming to study tissue changes within stem cell-derived brain organoids to pinpoint where inflammation begins in the brain. Studies have shown a link between inflammation and these types of neurodegenerative diseases, with specialized immune cells within the bodys central nervous system, called microglia, playing a key role in regulating inflammation.

To that end, NSCF will send human brain organoids derived from patients with two different types of degenerative brain diseasesParkinsons and PPMSto the orbiting laboratory. NSCF CEO Paula Grisanti says that the data collected from this flight is crucial. We send research to space because we can see the cells interacting in ways that are not possible on Earth, she said. By adding microglia, we can begin to see where inflammation begins in those processes.

According to Grisanti, findings from the investigation will inform the foundations next mission set to launch in March. Both flights involve organoids created from induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSCs) from affected patients. Approximately 80 organoids will be studied over the two-week mission before being returned to Earth and to NSCF for further analysis.

The absence of gravity acts as an accelerator, speeding up the aging process we see here on Earth, says Grisanti. We turn to space because cells mature more quickly in microgravity, she said. This means we can see the same changes in cells in a matter of weeks or months in microgravity that might take years to see on the ground.

A follow-on investigation will fly on SpaceXs upcoming 30th Commercial Resupply Services (CRS) mission, currently slated for launch in March. On that flight, organoids from patients with Alzheimers disease will be added, and all three sets of cells will be studied over the course of a month. Results from both investigations will be used to inform drug discovery as well as clinical trial assessment for novel therapeutics designed to treat these types of diseases.

By developing human organoids of neurodegenerative diseases, with microglia in the accelerated environment of microgravity, we have added an important new tool and a new way of looking at and understanding how and why neurodegeneration occurs, said Grisanti.

Through private astronaut missions, Axiom Space and the ISS National Lab partner to expand access to the unique microgravity environment for the benefit of humanity. To learn more about all the payloads launching on this mission, please visit Axiom Spaces Research Overview and our launch page.

Download the high-resolution image for this release:Axiom Mission 3

Media Contact: Patrick ONeill 904-806-0035 PONeill@ISSNationalLab.org

# # #

About the International Space Station (ISS) National Laboratory: The International Space Station (ISS) is a one-of-a-kind laboratory that enables research and technology development not possible on Earth. As a public service enterprise, the ISS National Laboratory allows researchers to leverage this multiuser facility to improve quality of life on Earth, mature space-based business models, advance science literacy in the future workforce, and expand a sustainable and scalable market in low Earth orbit. Through this orbiting national laboratory, research resources on the ISS are available to support non-NASA science, technology, and education initiatives from U.S. government agencies, academic institutions, and the private sector. The Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) manages the ISS National Lab, under Cooperative Agreement with NASA, facilitating access to its permanent microgravity research environment, a powerful vantage point in low Earth orbit, and the extreme and varied conditions of space. To learn more about the ISS National Lab, visit ourwebsite.

About Axiom Space:Axiom Space is building for beyond, guided by the vision of a thriving home in space that benefits every human, everywhere. The leading provider of human spaceflight services and developer of human-rated space infrastructure, Axiom Space operates end-to-end missions to the International Space Station today while developing its successor, Axiom Station the worlds first commercial space station in low-Earth orbit, which will sustain human growth off the planet and bring untold benefits back home. For more information visit Axiom Spaceswebsite.

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Stem Cell Research Heading to the ISS on Axiom Mission 3 - ISS National Lab

Global Cell Line Development Industry on Track for a US$10.6 Billion Boom by 2033, Fuelled by 7.7% CAGR | FMI … – Market Research Blog

In a groundbreaking revelation, the Global Cell Line Development Industry is poised for an extraordinary surge, with sales projected to reach an impressive US$10.6 billion by 2033, propelled by a robust Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 7.7% from 2023. These findings, based on a comprehensive analysis by Future Market Insights (FMI), reveal a significant leap from the estimated US$4.7 billion valuation in 2022.

The driving force behind this unprecedented growth is the escalating adoption of bio-therapeutics for the treatment of chronic diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, and cancer. As the demand for innovative therapeutic solutions continues to rise, the Global Cell Line Development Industry is witnessing an increased need for automated cell line development and specialized cell line development services.

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The rapid increase in the prevalence of cancer and neurology disorders and the lack of efficient treatment solutions for these diseases have created the need for more advanced and efficient treatment pathways. Companies and government organizations are investing in research and development activities and are also focusing more on cell line development in search of new cellular pathways to develop novel drugs. The increased spending on biosimilar R&D from exiting biopharmaceutical companies would provide a boost to the Global Cell Line Development Industry.

In recent times contract research organizations have focused on cell line development and cell line research activities. According to the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the estimated total federal spending on all types of stem cell line research for 2017 is US$ 1.58 Bn. In developing countries like India, the government is supporting cell line development through national funding agencies like the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), and the Department of Science and Technology (DST).

Regenerative medicines are the next-generation treatment solution and Cell Line Development or Cell Culture is a vital part of regenerative medicine. Increasing demand for regenerative medicines in cancer treatment would positively impact the growth of the Global Cell Line Development Industry over the forecast period.

The biopharmaceutical companies operating in the development of novel drug lines are expected to hold promising revenue opportunities in the Global Cell Line Development Industry.

Future Market Insights (FMI) has segmented the Global Cell Line Development Industry based on product type, cell line source type, end user, type of cell line, and region.

Product type segment in the Global Cell Line Development Industry is segmented into media and reagents, equipment, and accessories. Reagents and Media are required from incubation to preservation of cell lines. These products are expensive and have repetitive use in cell culture or bio-production. The reagent and media segment in the cell line development market is expected to witness noteworthy growth in terms of revenue owing to a rapid increase in demand for cell culture and cell-based assays.

Global Cell Line Development Industry by cell line source is categorized into mammalian cells and non-mammalian cells. Mammalian cell line development is anticipated to witness significant growth in the overall Global Cell Line Development Industry. This growth of the mammalian cells segment in the cell line development market is driven by increased production of biologics drugs that require mammalian cells. Increasing antibody production is the major driving factor behind the growth of the mammalian cell lines segment in the Global Cell Line Development Industry.

Mammalian cell lines are used to create therapeutic proteins through genetic building and antibodies through viral infection. For example, Gauchers disease, is a genetic disorder characterized by a lack of -glucocerebrosidase enzyme and can be treated by Cerezyme which is a recombinant enzyme produced in mammalian cell lines. Mammalian cell lines are also useful in the production of antibodies and other therapeutic agents such as specific binding proteins that can neutralize disease-causing agents in the body. For example Under the cell line type segment in the Global Cell Line Development Industry, recombinant cell line development is the most demanding type of cell line due to its large application in biologics production, protein interaction, gene activation, toxicity testing, and drug screening.

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Growing application recombinant cell line development in drug toxicity testing is expected to boost the growth of overall cell line development during the forecast period

North American and European cell line development markets will dominate owing to increasing government funding in cell line development research and rising spending on biosimilar developments. Asia Pacific cell line development market is expected to grow at a high growth rate due to the increased number of research organizations engaged in novel biologics and biosimilars fastest revenue growth in the overall cell line development market.

The Asia Pacific region in the Cell line development market is anticipated to witness increasing demand for biopharmaceuticals and regenerative medicines are expected to boost the growth of the cell line development market.

FMIs report tracks some of the key companies operating in the Global Cell Line Development Industry, such as Selexis SA, GE Healthcare, Corning Incorporated, Thermo Fischer Scientific, Inc., American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Lonza (Sartorius Stedim Biotech S.A.), Danaher Corporation, Merck KGaA, WuXi Biologics.

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Sabyasachi Ghosh(Associate Vice President at Future Market Insights, Inc.) holds over 12 years of experience in the Healthcare, Medical Devices, and Pharmaceutical industries. His curious and analytical nature helped him shape his career as a researcher.

Identifying key challenges clients face and devising robust, hypothesis-based solutions to empower them with strategic decision-making capabilities come naturally to him. His primary expertise lies in areas such as Market Entry and Expansion Strategy, Feasibility Studies, Competitive Intelligence, and Strategic Transformation.

Holding a degree in Microbiology, Sabyasachi has authored numerous publications and has been cited in journals, including The Journal of mHealth, ITN Online, and Spinal Surgery News.

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Global Cell Line Development Industry on Track for a US$10.6 Billion Boom by 2033, Fuelled by 7.7% CAGR | FMI ... - Market Research Blog

Research being conducted on using stem cells to treat diabetes – UCLA Health Connect

Dear Doctors: My 11-year-old granddaughter was recently hospitalized for two days and diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes. This came as a shock. Her cord blood has been stored since her birth. Is there any way it can be used to help with this disease?

Dear Reader: Diabetes is a disease in which the body is unable to adequately manage blood sugar. It falls into three categories -- Type 1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes. Although the causes and mechanisms of impaired glucose control differ with each type of the disease, they all involve insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas. Insulin helps glucose move from the blood into the cells, where it is used for energy.

In Type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas are either unable to produce insulin, or they produce very little. This allows glucose to build up in the bloodstream, which is damaging to the body. Treatment of Type 1 diabetes involves the use of injectable insulin, managing the diet and close monitoring of blood sugar levels to avoid episodes of low or high blood sugar.

In asking about your granddaughters cord blood, you echo a question that has led to recent groundbreaking research into a cure for diabetes. The focus is on stem cells, which are present in cord blood.

For those who are not familiar, the term "cord blood" refers to the blood that remains in the umbilical cord and the placenta following an infant's birth. It contains stem cells, which are immature cells with the potential to develop into many different types of specialized cells. Stem cells can be used to treat lymphoma, sickle cell anemia, leukemia and some inherited disorders.

Researchers are now studying if the components of cord blood may be useful in treating a wide range of conditions and disorders. This includes cerebral palsy, stroke, spinal cord injury, diabetes, birth asphyxia, age-related cognitive decline and both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.

A number of recent studies exploring the use of stem cells to treat, manage or even cure Type 1 diabetes are yielding promising -- and sometimes remarkable -- results. In a small clinical trial in Sweden, certain components of cord blood were used to slow the progression of Type 1 diabetes in patients newly diagnosed with the disease. In another study, a biotech firm in San Francisco used genetically altered stem cells to successfully treat mice with Type 1 diabetes. The notable aspect here was that the stem cells were rendered invisible to the immune system, and thus did not provoke an immune response that could have derailed the treatment. At the University of Chicago, researchers used stem cells from cord blood to teach the immune system not to destroy the pancreatic cells that produce insulin.

Although promising, these advances remain in the research phase. There are no stem cell-based treatments for Type 1 diabetes available at this time. However, recent breakthroughs, not only in stem cell therapies, but also in immunotherapy and transplantation of insulin-producing cells, offer real hope for the near future.

(Send your questions to [emailprotected], or write: Ask the Doctors, c/o UCLA Health Sciences Media Relations, 10960 Wilshire Blvd., Suite 1955, Los Angeles, CA, 90024. Owing to the volume of mail, personal replies cannot be provided.)

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Research being conducted on using stem cells to treat diabetes - UCLA Health Connect

Crucial blood stem cell creation step found by ISU researchers – Tech Explorist

A microbial sensor, Nod1, identifies bacterial infections and aids in developing blood stem cells, offering valuable insights. Raquel Espin Palazons team at Iowa State University discovered this, potentially eliminating the need for bone marrow transplants.

Published in Nature Communications, the finding builds on Espin Palazons earlier work, revealing the role of inflammatory signals in the embryos early stages and activating Nod1 in embryos forces vascular cells to become blood stem cells. This knowledge could pave the way for creating patient-specific blood stem cells derived from their own blood in the lab.

Espin Palazon said, This would eliminate the challenging task of finding compatible bone marrow transplant donors and the complications that occur after a transplant, improving the lives of many leukemia, lymphoma, and anemia patients.

Stem cells act as both the builders and raw materials in our bodies, constantly dividing to renew and create cells for different tissues. Embryonic pluripotent stem cells can become any cell type, while adult stem cells are limited.

Blood stem cells, or hematopoietic stem cells, produce all blood components and are formed before birth in embryos. Raquel Espin Palazons team discovered an immune receptor that activates in embryos, preparing endothelial cells to become stem cells. This finding holds the potential for understanding and manipulating the creation of blood stem cells.

Raquel Espin Palazon said, We know blood stem cells form from endothelial cells, but the factors that set up the cell to switch identity were enigmatic. We didnt know that this receptor was needed or that it was needed this early before blood stem cells even form.

Researchers identified Nod1s role in blood stem cell creation by studying human embryos and using zebrafish. Nod1 levels are closely correlated with blood stem cell development. They collaborated with the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia to validate this in humans, using induced pluripotent stem cells. Removing Nod1 hindered blood production, confirming its crucial role, similar to its impact on zebrafish blood stem cells.

Researchers, led by Raquel Espin Palazon, found that Nod1 is crucial for blood stem cell development. This discovery opens possibilities for creating blood stem cells from patients samples, a potential game-changer for treating blood disorders without needing bone marrow transplants.

The self-derived stem cells could mitigate risks like graft-versus-host disease. The ongoing research aims to understand the intricate timeline of blood stem cell formation, focusing on developing precise methods. Collaborating with the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia enhances this effort.

The ultimate goal is therapeutic-grade blood stem cells for curing blood disorder patients. The study involves various Iowa State researchers and collaborators from the University of Edinburgh and Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia.

ISU researchers found a vital step in making blood stem cells. This discovery could create therapeutic-grade stem cells for treating blood disorders, offering a potential breakthrough in regenerative medicine.

The ongoing study focuses on refining methods and understanding the precise timeline of blood stem cell formation. Collaboration with the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia enhances their efforts. The goal is to provide patients with a revolutionary option, using stem cells derived from their bodies, reducing risks associated with traditional treatments.

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Crucial blood stem cell creation step found by ISU researchers - Tech Explorist