Cancer Stem Cell Market Insights on Upcoming Trends 2025 – Spaceflight News

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) refer to the cells obtained from tumor that posses potential to reproduce all types of cancer cells found in a cancer sample. Cancer stem cells are planned to grow in tumors as a separate population and thereby cause deterioration and metastasis of existing tumor through generation of new tumor. Thus, with advancement in technology especially in cancer stem cells research area, therapies specific to targeting cancer stem cells are expected to improve quality of life and survival cases of cancer patients with metastatic diseases.North America was the leading revenue contributor of the cancer stem cells market in 2016 due to presence of a substantial number of organizations engaged in conducting R&D activities related to stem cell therapy. There are several internationally recognized hospitals and medical institutes, such as Cancer Treatment Centers of America at Midwestern Regional Medical Center, which offer stem cell transplant therapies.Asia Pacific is expected to be a promising region in the arena owing to presence of several organizations in the region that focus on R&D of stem cells. Moreover, funding agencies are providing grants to research communities to accelerate their scientific research on cancer stem cells in Asian countries.In 2018, the global Cancer Stem Cell market size was xx million US$ and it is expected to reach xx million US$ by the end of 2025, with a CAGR of xx% during 2019-2025.

This report focuses on the global Cancer Stem Cell status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players. The study objectives are to present the Cancer Stem Cell development in United States, Europe and China.

The key players covered in this studyThermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.AbbVie, Inc.Merck KGaABionomicsLonzaStemline Therapeutics, Inc.Miltenyi BiotecPromoCell GmbHMacroGenics, Inc.OncoMed Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Request Sample Report Athttps://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=S&repid=2057238&source=atmIrvine ScientificSTEMCELL Technologies Inc.Sino Biological Inc.BIOTIME, Inc.

Market segment by Type, the product can be split intoCell CulturingCell SeparationCell AnalysisMolecular AnalysisOthers

Market segment by Application, split intoStem Cell Based Cancer TherapyTargeted CSCs

Market segment by Regions/Countries, this report coversUnited States

Make An EnquiryAbout This Report @https://www.researchmoz.us/enquiry.php?type=E&repid=2057238&source=atmEuropeChinaJapanSoutheast AsiaIndiaCentral & South America

The study objectives of this report are:To analyze global Cancer Stem Cell status, future forecast, growth opportunity, key market and key players.To present the Cancer Stem Cell development in United States, Europe and China.To strategically profile the key players and comprehensively analyze their development plan and strategies.To define, describe and forecast the market by product type, market and key regions.

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Cancer Stem Cell are as follows:History Year: 2014-2018Base Year: 2018Estimated Year: 2019Forecast Year 2019 to 2025For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2018 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

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Cancer Stem Cell Market Insights on Upcoming Trends 2025 - Spaceflight News

X4 Pharmaceuticals Appoints Renato Skerlj, Ph.D. as Senior Vice President of Research and Development – Business Wire

CAMBRIDGE, Mass.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--X4 Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (Nasdaq: XFOR), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the development of novel therapeutics for the treatment of rare diseases, today announced the appointment of Renato Skerlj, Ph.D., as Senior Vice President, Research and Development. Dr. Skerlj has twenty-five years of experience leading the discovery and development of small molecule drugs to treat rare diseases, cancer, infection and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, he was one of the original founders of X4 Pharmaceuticals.

Renatos deep scientific expertise in the research and development of innovative, genetically-targeted treatments, combined with his foundational knowledge of X4 and our novel CXCR4 platform, will be invaluable as we advance our pre-clinical product candidates and further expand our rare disease pipeline, said Paula Ragan, Ph.D., President and Chief Executive Officer of X4 Pharmaceuticals. We are thrilled to have Renato join our senior leadership team given his instrumental role in the founding of X4.

I am very pleased to become a part of X4s dedicated team of experienced and thoughtful leaders, especially during this exciting period of X4s R&D expansion and corporate growth. I look forward to leading our Vienna-based research team and applying my decades of strategic scientific experience to advance and deliver novel therapeutic options to patients with rare diseases, commented Dr. Skerlj.

Most recently, Dr. Skerlj held drug discovery and development leadership roles at Cambridge-based Lysosomal Therapeutics, Inc. Prior to that, he was interim Head of Small Molecule Discovery at Genzyme, and was part of the executive team at AnorMED, a publicly-traded company that was acquired by Genzyme in 2006. Dr. Skerlj is an inventor of both plerixafor, a stem cell mobilizer approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2008, and ertapenem, an anti-bacterial approved by the FDA in 2001, and has been responsible for delivering multiple drug candidates into early clinical research. He has authored 65 publications and holds 50 patents. Dr. Skerlj received his Ph.D. in Synthetic Organic Chemistry from the University of British Columbia and completed postdoctoral fellowships at the University of Oxford and Ohio State University.

About X4 Pharmaceuticals

X4 Pharmaceuticals is developing novel therapeutics designed to improve immune cell trafficking to treat rare diseases, including primary immunodeficiencies and certain cancers. The companys oral small molecule drug candidates antagonize the CXCR4 pathway, which plays a central role in immune surveillance. X4s most advanced product candidate, mavorixafor (X4P-001), is in a global Phase 3 pivotal trial in patients with WHIM syndrome, a rare, inherited, primary immunodeficiency disease, and is currently also under investigation in combination with axitinib in the Phase 2a portion of an open-label Phase 1/2 clinical trial in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). X4 is also planning to commence clinical trials of mavorixafor in Severe Congenital Neutropenia (SCN) and Waldenstrms macroglobulinemia (WM) in 2019. X4 was founded and is led by a team with extensive biopharmaceutical product development and commercialization expertise and is committed to advancing the development of innovative medicines on behalf of patients with limited treatment options. X4 is a global company that is headquartered in Cambridge, Massachusetts with research offices based in Vienna, Austria. For more information, please visit http://www.x4pharma.com.

Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended. The words may, will, could, would, should, expect, plan, anticipate, intend, believe, estimate, predict, project, potential, continue, target and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. Forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to, statements regarding X4s business strategy, including its clinical development plans. These statements are subject to various risks and uncertainties, actual results could differ materially from those projected, and X4 cautions investors not to place undue reliance on the forward-looking statements in this press release. These risks and uncertainties include, without limitation, the risk that any one or more of X4s product candidates will not be successfully developed, approved or commercialized, the risk that X4s ongoing or planned clinical trials and studies may be delayed, the risk that prior results, such as signals of safety, activity or durability of effect, observed from preclinical studies or clinical trials will not be replicated or will not continue in ongoing or future studies or trials involving X4s product candidates and the risk that costs required to develop X4s product candidates or to expand its operations will be higher than anticipated. Any forward-looking statements in this press release are based on management's current expectations and beliefs and are subject to a number of risks, uncertainties and important factors that may cause actual events or results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by any forward-looking statements contained in this press release, including, without limitation, the risks and uncertainties described in the section entitled Risk Factors in X4s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), as updated by X4s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on April 11, 2019, and in other filings X4 makes with the SEC from time to time. X4 undertakes no obligation to update the information contained in this press release to reflect subsequently occurring events or circumstances.

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X4 Pharmaceuticals Appoints Renato Skerlj, Ph.D. as Senior Vice President of Research and Development - Business Wire

Pathogenic Escherichia coli | Nature Reviews Microbiology

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Pathways to Stem Cell Science | Pluripotent Stem Cell …

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What are human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and why should college students learn to work with them? hPSCs are unique and widely used cells with the capacity to generate any type of cell in the adult human body. They can be isolated from any person and are employed extensively throughout the world in a variety of down-stream applications from research, to therapeutics to diagnostic testing. hPSCs are extremely difficult to grow and manipulate, even for experienced scientists with prior stem cell experience. They can only be handled following extensive training by stem cell experts, like the scientists at Pathways to Stem Cell Science. hPSC culture is an is an advanced 21st century skill that very few college students acquire. Professional training in cutting edge techniques like stem cell culture, can help college students to build their resumes and stand out to future employers.

Originally developed in 2009 at the USC Stem Cell Core, the Pluripotent Stem Cell Techniques Course at Pathways to Stem Cell Science, provides comprehensive training in validated techniques for culturing, freezing and manipulating hPSCs. Our well-established five-day course has helped hundreds of students to gain advanced stem cell skills for laboratory positions in college and professional employment. Participating students learn optimized techniques for culturing human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, following streamlined protocols designed to plug into any hPSC program. We also provide guidance with laboratory set up and regulatory compliance in addition to ongoing support troubleshooting problems once you are working in a stem cell laboratory.

Apply today and gain comprehensive personalized training in advanced stem cell methods taught by academic and industry experts.

Important note: The hPSC workshop provides advanced training in complex stem cell techniques. To attend this course, you must have prior experience culturing mammalian cells using aseptic technique in a professional cell culture setting. Students who do not have cell culture experience can gain the required skills by attending our essential cell culture techniques program. If you have any questions regarding your qualifications or suitability for the hPSC workshop, please contact us for more information at info@stemcellpath.com.

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What are the unique properties of stem cells – answers.com

Stem cells differ from other kinds of cells in the body. All stem cells-regardless of their source-have three general properties: they are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods; they are unspecialized; and they can give rise to specialized cell types.

Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing themselves for long periods. Unlike muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells-which do not normally replicate themselves-stem cells may replicate many times, or proliferate. A starting population of stem cells that proliferates for many months in the laboratory can yield millions of cells. If the resulting cells continue to be unspecialized, like the parent stem cells, the cells are said to be capable of long-term self-renewal.

Scientists are trying to understand two fundamental properties of stem cells that relate to their long-term self-renewal:

Discovering the answers to these questions may make it possible to understand how cell proliferation is regulated during normal embryonic development or during the abnormal cell division that leads to cancer. Such information would also enable scientists to grow embryonic and non-embryonic stem cells more efficiently in the laboratory.

The specific factors and conditions that allow stem cells to remain unspecialized are of great interest to scientists. It has taken scientists many years of trial and error to learn to derive and maintain stem cells in the laboratory without them spontaneously differentiating into specific cell types. For example, it took two decades to learn how to grow human embryonic stem cells in the laboratory following the development of conditions for growing mouse stem cells. Therefore, understanding the signals in a mature organism that cause a stem cell population to proliferate and remain unspecialized until the cells are needed. Such information is critical for scientists to be able to grow large numbers of unspecialized stem cells in the laboratory for further experimentation.

Stem cells are unspecialized. One of the fundamental properties of a stem cell is that it does not have any tissue-specific structures that allow it to perform specialized functions. For example, a stem cell cannot work with its neighbors to pump blood through the body (like a heart muscle cell), and it cannot carry oxygen molecules through the bloodstream (like a red blood cell). However, unspecialized stem cells can give rise to specialized cells, including heart muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells.

Stem cells can give rise to specialized cells. When unspecialized stem cells give rise to specialized cells, the process is called differentiation. While differentiating, the cell usually goes through several stages, becoming more specialized at each step. Scientists are just beginning to understand the signals inside and outside cells that trigger each stem of the differentiation process. The internal signals are controlled by a cell's genes, which are interspersed across long strands of DNA, and carry coded instructions for all cellular structures and functions. The external signals for cell differentiation include chemicals secreted by other cells, physical contact with neighboring cells, and certain molecules in the microenvironment. The interaction of signals during differentiation causes the cell's DNA to acquire epigenetic marks that restrict DNA expression in the cell and can be passed on through cell division.

Many questions about stem cell differentiation remain. For example, are the internal and external signals for cell differentiation similar for all kinds of stem cells? Can specific sets of signals be identified that promote differentiation into specific cell types? Addressing these questions may lead scientists to find new ways to control stem cell differentiation in the laboratory, thereby growing cells or tissues that can be used for specific purposes such as cell-based therapies or drug screening.

Adult stem cells typically generate the cell types of the tissue in which they reside. For example, a blood-forming adult stem cell in the bone marrow normally gives rise to the many types of blood cells. It is generally accepted that a blood-forming cell in the bone marrow-which is called a hematopoietic stem cell-cannot give rise to the cells of a very different tissue, such as nerve cells in the brain. Experiments over the last several years have purported to show that stem cells from one tissue may give rise to cell types of a completely different tissue. This remains an area of great debate within the research community. This controversy demonstrates the challenges of studying adult stem cells and suggests that additional research using adult stem cells is necessary to understand their full potential as future therapies.

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs and Cats – Vet360

Any tumour growing within (dermal), on (epidermal) or even under the skin (subdermal) should be considered a skin tumour. Some skin tumours are benign (i.e., slow-growing, completely curable with complete resection and dont spread) while others are malignant (faster growing, invasive, sometimes incurable, and may spread to other organs). In order to classify what type of tumour you are dealing with, you will need to make a fine needle aspirate or take a biopsy A biopsy can either be incisional or excisional. Whichever course is taken, a microscopic diagnosis must always, always be obtained.

No two tumours of the same kind look the same, but very different cancers can appear similar When tumours are inflamed or infected, the underlying pathology can be masked. This information is very important. If its a cytological or incisional, this information can help guide you as the best approach to cure not only the obvious lump but also manage the precancerous lesions that surround the obvious tumour. Not all skin tumours are best removed surgically! Only very small (1 2 cm on the body or neck, and <1 cm elsewhere) should be removed by excision.

Many clients and vets try to economise by removing small lumps instead of taking the extra step this can drastically alter prognosis, by spreading tumour cells.

Although theoretically any tumour can occur in the skin, we classically think of just a few types when we say skin cancer squamous cell carcinomas (SCC), melanomas, haemangiosarcomas (HSA) and mast cell tumours (MCT).

Actinic Keratosis

Actinic keratosis (AK), also known as solar keratosis or senile keratosis, is a very common lesion occurring in susceptible humans as a result of prolonged and repeated solar exposures. The action of ultraviolet radiant energy, principally UVB, results in damage to the keratinocytes and produces single or multiple, discrete, dry, rough, adherent scaly lesions. These premalignant lesions may, in time, progress to squamous cell carcinomas.

This is very important as a warning sign and should be the first thing you teach clients about. A couple of veterinary-specific manifestations of AK are the comedones or blackheads seen on cats noses (fig 1) and dogs ventra. These lesions can be managed with protection, (fig 2) imiquimod or Photodynamic Therapy (PDT). More on these modalities later.

Squamous Cell Carcinomas

Squamous Cell Carcinomas are the classical skin tumours, caused primarily by long-term to exposure to UV-B radiation. The animals most afflicted white or part-white cats and dogs. Bull Terriers, Staffies, Pit Bulls, Bulldogs and Jack Russells are amongst the dog breeds most often affected. These ex-British breeds enjoy our long, glorious South African summer sun, and tan day after day.

UV-B radiation damages DNA and this damage is cumulative and only partially repairable or reversible. Squamous cell carcinomas can look like nothing more than non-healing crusts, pimples or scabs, or they can form large, raised, ulcerating plaques.

PROGNOSIS

It is important to treat according to the stage presented:

Primary Tumour:

T0 = no tumour

T in situ = Pre-invasive carcinoma (scale, crust)

T1 = tumour <2cm diameter, superficial or exophytic

T2 = tumour 2 5 cm diameter, OR with minimal invasion irrespective of size

T3 = tumour > 5cm diameter, or with invasion of subcutis irrespective of size

T4 = invading fascial, muscle, bone or cartilage, regardless of size

Regional lymph nodes:

N0 = no involvement

N1 = lymphnodeinvolvement

Distant metastasis:

M0 = no metastasis

M1 = evidence of metastasis

Ulceration of the primary tumour is associated with a biologically more aggressive lesion and a poorer prognosis. It is not known why ulcerated primaries have a more aggressive biologic nature. It is not likely due to underestimation of the thickness due to the ulcer crater. Ulcerated lesions tend to be thicker and have a nodular growth pattern, but the increased thickness does not account for the poorer prognosis. However, the depth or width of surface ulceration has been significantly correlated with survival. Other histologic prognosticators include the mitotic indices, whirling and the presence or absence of lymphatic or blood vessel invasion are relevant to prognosis.

Tumours in situ look like nothing more than scaly, scabby skin and offer another earlier warning sign, the best opportunity for cure, and are a wake up call. My preference for this is to use immunotherapy with imiquimod cream, or photodynamic therapy for T in situ and T1 tumours.

T2 tumours which are large but NON invasive (T2 large) also respond well to PDT or radiotherapy, but those that are T2 invasive require surgery or aggressive PDT (only to 5mm depth maximum). Once it gets to T2 invasive or T3+, cure rates using any technique drop to below 40% (from >85%) so teach your pet owners about skin cancer and early aggressive intervention from the first vaccination!

T3 and T1-4N/(any) M0/1 must be referred to a specialist for management. I see huge disasters when GPs approach these with surgery. Dogs are disfigured and then referred when they could have kept penises, mobility or faces with a proper approach from the beginning. An integrated approach using multiple modalities and an understanding of tissue tolerances, treatment sequencing and proper patient surveillance are beyond the scope of general practice. Managing such a patient is often possible, but is an 8 20 week process.

More extensive tumours may require additional surgery, chemotherapy or radiation to achieve good results. Their main importance is that they recur because skin of the ventral abdomen, ears or nose have been damaged. (fig 3) Cutting out squamous cell carcinomas can be like the little Dutch boy plugging the hole in the dyke with a finger another often just pops up elsewhere.

Recurrent SCC may require specialist attention to get under control or cure. In any event, thoracic radiographs should be performed. SCC of the feet (pedal SCC) is far more aggressive and spreads to the lungs earlier than other SCC of the skin, so always attend to any non-healing wound or lump of >1 weeks duration by having it checked using histopathology.

Treatment

Figure 1. White cat with nasal SCC this is the earliest stage the presence of discharge and slight scaling around the nose and eyelids. If treated appropriately at this stage, the prognosis for cure is close to 100%

Figure 2. UV suit UV-resistant suits (obtained from Dr Georgina Crewe), protect the healthy or precancerous skin and are an essential part of post-treatment management

Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) (fig 4) is a technique using the application or injection of photosensitising agents in different concentrations. They accumulate in certain tumours and when subjected to high-fluence (200-300 W/cm2) light of a specific frequency, keyed to the particular molecule being used, the molecules aggregate into unstable complexes that then restabilise by release of various oxygen radicals which cause lipid membrane, protein and DNA damage. Over-treatment causes regional vasoconstriction and side effects, without increase in toxicity; undertreatment achieves little, but aggravates the inflammation. This treatment is effective only in lesions <5mm thick. Treatment is once a monthly, for 1 3 treatments, depending on severity and extent. Pre-cancerous actinic keratosis can also be successfully managed using this technique.

Immunotherapy using Imiquimod (Aldara; 3M), animidazoquinolinamine, is an immune system modulator and possesses both potent antiviral and antitumor activity in animal models and humans. Current theories suggest that imiquimod acts both directly by inducing apoptosis and by inducing secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Imiquimod activates macrophages and other cells via binding to cell surface receptors, such as Toll receptor 7, and thereby induces secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-a (IFN-a), tumour necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), and interleukin-12 (IL- 12). These cytokines bias towards a Th1-dominant immune response, which in general is associated with inflammation and tissue injury through activated inflammatory leukocytes and with cytolytic activity through CD8+-lymphocytes (Abbas et al 1996). Imiquimod can also induce apoptosis directly in a Bcl- 2-family-dependent manner by downregulating anti-apoptotic genes such as hurpin and HAX-1.

Treatment is applied to lesions Monday to Friday, once daily, for 6 12 weeks; inflammation caused by the treatment can occasionally be severe and require NSAIDs.

I reserve this for small/early/superficial lesions in cats due to the cost of the cream. Clients must wear gloves to protect themselves. Efficacy is reported as about 75%, with a median survival time of 1189 days, although recurrent lesions do seem to respond to the therapy.

5-Fluorouracil use in animals: this drug is rapidly and fatally neurotoxic in cats even as eye drops. In dogs, the tolerance is also very low and if licked it can trigger fatal mucosal sloughing. Dont use in veterinary practice.

CRYOTHERAPY is outdated, painful, disfiguring and has a lower success rate than other therapies mentioned. Do not use this. Poor technique is a major reason for treatment failure; it requires training and experience and is potentially hazardous to the operator.

RADIATION THERAPY: the use of a linear accelerator to deliver high-voltage (4 20 MeV) electrons or photons for the treatment of surface tumours is called teletherapy. This technique has the potential for extreme harm if improperly performed, and all such cases are specialist cases and must be referred to a person with the relevant training. Theres a reason its an entire field of speciality in itself in the US and Europe. It requires a knowledge of radiation physics, radiation biology and management of radiation side effects that cannot be gleaned from a few lectures.

The role of surgery in managing skin tumours.

Surgery is an important part of management of these conditions. For some tumours e.g. BCC, HA/HSA, MCT, a properly-performed excision can be curative. In others, e.g. SCC, the surrounding skin is often also on an anaplastic march that is unstoppable by surgery alone. Surgery then helps debulk larger masses that would not respond as well to wider-field but lower-intensity therapies e.g. imiquimod, PDT, RT. The timing and planning is critical. Discuss this with a specialist BEFORE radiation or PDT PLEASE! Post-surgical fibrosis decreases the efficacy of other modalities! (fig 5)

Figure 3. SCC ear pinna removal This is the degree of surgery required for more advanced SCC of the pinna, and is to be avoided if possible, by appropriate education of the client at first vaccination of the kitten. This sort of cat may be allowed out at night, but not during the daytime.

Figure 4. PDT Patient undergoing photodynamic therapy at Inanda Vets. Basal Cell Carcinomas

Basal cell tumours are a benign tumour that look very similar to SCC, and are quite common in cats in other parts of the world. In dogs, they typically occur around the head and are not unlike canine cutaneous histiocytoma (hence the need for a tissue diagnosis). They are usually single, raised, ulcerated button-like tumours. Surgery alone is normally curative. They can be diagnosed by cytology or histopathology. BCC and SCC are classed together as the Keratinocytic Skin Cancers.

Figure 5. Multiple raised SCC on the ventrum of a dog; the previous surgeries have contributed to scar tissue formation, which makes radiation less effective, and future surgeries more difficult. The widespread nature of the disease means a novel approach must be taken if control is to be achieved. Patients arriving at this stage are major challenges to cure.

References

BERGMAN, P. J. 2007. Anticancer vaccines. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 37, 1111-9; vi-ii.

BROCKLEY, L. K., COOPER, M. A. & BENNETT, P. F. 2013. Malignant melanoma in 63 dogs (2001-2011): the effect of carboplatin chemotherapy on survival. N Z Vet J, 61, 25-31.

DANK, G., RASSNICK, K. M., SOKOLOVSKY, Y., GARRETT, L. D., POST, G. S., KITCHELL, B. E., SELLON, R. K., KLEITER, M., NORTHRUP, N. & SEGEV, G. 2012. Use of adjuvant carboplatin for treatment of dogs with oral malignant melanoma following surgical excision. Vet Comp Oncol, 9999.

EMANUEL, E. J. & JOFFE, S. 2003. Ethics in Oncology. In: HOLLAND, M. & FREI, E. (eds.) Cancer Medicine 6. 6th ed.: Lippincott.

GILL, V. L., BERGMAN, P. J., BAER, K. E., CRAFT, D. & LEUNG, C. 2008. Use of imiquimod 5% cream (Aldara) in cats with multicentric squamous cell carcinoma in situ: 12 cases (2002-2005). Vet Comp Oncol, 6, 55-64.

GROSENBAUGH, D. A., LEARD, A. T., BERGMAN, P. J., KLEIN, M. K., MELEO, K., SUSANECK, S., HESS., P. R., JANKOWSKI, M. H., KURZMAN, I. & WOLCHOK, J. D. 2011. Safety and efficacy of a xenogeneic DNA vaccine encoding for human tyrosinase as adjunctive treatment for oral malignant melanoma in dogs following surgical excision of the primary tumor. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 72, 1631-1638.

KILLICK, D. R., STELL, A. J. & CATCHPOLE, B. 2015. Immunotherapy for canine canceris it time to go back to the future? J Small Anim Pract, 56, 229-41.

MARTIN, P. D. & ARGYLE, D. J. 2013. Advances in the management of skin cancer. Veterinary Dermatology, 24, 173-e38.

MCLEAN, J. L. & LOBETTI, R. G. 2015. Use of the melanoma vaccine in 38 dogs: The South African experience. J S Afr Vet Assoc, 86, 1246.

OTTNOD, J. M., SMEDLEY, R. C., WALSHAW, R., HAUPTMAN, J. G., KIUPEL, M. & OBRADOVICH, J. E. 2013. A retrospective analysis of the efficacy of Oncept vaccine for the adjunct treatment of canine oral malignant melanoma. Vet Comp Oncol, 11, 219-29.

PETERS-KENNEDY, J., SCOTT, D. W. & MILLER, W. H., JR. 2008. Apparent clinical resolution of pinnal actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinoma in a cat using topical imiquimod 5% cream. J Feline Med Surg, 10, 593-9.

Photos: Courtesey Inanda Vet (Dr Anthony Zambeli)

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Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Dogs and Cats - Vet360

Pathways to Stem Cell Science | Intro to Stem Cell Systems

Description

Intro to Stem Cell Systems is an introductory five-day course that explores the exciting science of stem cell research and regenerative medicine. Designed for entry-level scientists, this innovative program provides foundational training in bioscience techniques and essential principles in human stem cell biology. Participating students study the three-major human stem cell systems adult, cancer and pluripotent, through laboratory classes and engaging college-level lectures covering the science, history and ethics of stem cell research. They learn modern skills used by a variety of bioscience professions, working hands-on in a biotech laboratory with cancer, neural and induced pluripotent stem cells.

Each day of the program focuses on a different aspect of stem cell biology, taking students on a stimulating journey from basic discovery to therapeutic translation. Course participants are also introduced to independent research skills, during "stem cell fact or fiction" an interactive lecture-discussion which demonstrates real-life methods for finding published research and applying scientific data to debunk stem cell myths. The program ends with a career development seminar focusing on the many career paths available to bioscientists, led by science professionals with academic and industry experience. This unique course is suited to any motivated science student with an interest in learning more about stem cell research and its current real-world application.

College-level lectures Hands-on lab classes Cutting edge techniques* Guest speakers Literature research Career education Networking with professional science mentors

*Intro to stem cell systems provides practical training in: BSL-2 lab safety procedures, stem cell culture, aseptic technique, tissue microdissection, cell derivation, stem cell isolation, electroporation, antibody labeling and microscopy (phase contrast and fluorescent).

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Pathways to Stem Cell Science | Intro to Stem Cell Systems

Perception of Depth by Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu …

Michael Kalloniatis and Charles Luu

Stereopsis

Stereopsis refers to our ability to appreciate depth, that is the ability to distinguish the relative distance of objects with an apparent physical displacement between the objects. It is possible to appreciate the relative location of objects using one eye (monocular cues). However, it is the lateral displacement of the eyes that provides two slightly different views of the same object (disparate images) and allow acute stereoscopic depth discrimination.

Monocular Cues

Several strong monocular cues allow relative distance and depth to be judged. These monocular cues include:

Relative Size: Retinal image size allow us to judge distance based on our past and present experience and familiarity with similar objects. As the car drives away, the retinal image becomes smaller and smaller. We interpret this as the car getting further and further away. This is referred to as size constancy. A retinal image of a small car is also interpreted as a distant car (figure 1).

Figure 1. Relative size. A retinal image of a small car is considered to be distant

Interposition: Interposition cues occur when there is overlapping of objects. The overlapped object is considered further away (figure 2).

Figure 2. Interposition. The blue circle is reported to be closer since it overlaps the red circle

Linear Perspective: When objects of known distance subtend a smaller and smaller angle, it is interpreted as being further away. Parallel lines converge with increasing distance such as roads, railway lines, electric wires, etc (figure 3).

Figure 3. Linear perspective. Parallel lines such as railway lines converge with increasing distance

Aerial Perspective: Relative colour of objects give us some clues to their distance. Due to the scattering of blue light in the atmosphere, creating wall of blue light, distance objects appear more blue (figure 4). Thus distant mountains appear blue. Contrast of objects also provide clues to their distance. When the scattering of light blurs the outlines of objects, the object is perceived as distant. Mountains are perceived to be closer when the atmosphere is clear.

Figure 4. Aerial perspective. Mountains in the distance appear more blue

Light And Shade: Highlights and shadows can provide information about an objects dimensions and depth (figure 5). Because our visual system assumes the light comes from above, a totally different perception is obtained if the image is viewed upside down.

Figure 5. Highlights and shadows provide information about depth

Monocular Movement Parallax: When our heads move from side to side, objects at different distances move at a different relative velocity. Closer objects move against the direction of head movement and farther objects move with the direction of head movement.

Binocular Cues

Stereopsis is an important binocular cue to depth perception. Stereopsis cannot occur monocularly and is due to binocular retinal disparity within Panums fusional space. Stereopsis is the perception of depth produced by binocular retinal disparity. Therefore, two objects stimulates disparate (non-corresponding) retinal points within Panums fusional area.

Fusion describes the neural process that brings the retinal images in the two eyes to form one single image. Fusion occurs to allow single binocular vision. Fusion takes place when the objects are the same. When the objects are different, suppression, superimposition or binocular (retinal) rivalry may occurs. Suppression occurs to eliminate one image to prevent confusion. Superimposition results in one image presented on top of the other image. Binocular rivalry describes alternating suppression of the two eyes resulting in alternating perception of the two images. This usually occurs when lines are presented to the two eyes differ in orientation, length or thickness. An example of binocular rivalry occurs when one eye is presented with a horizontal line and the other eye is presented with a vertical line. Binocular rivalry occurs at the intersection of the lines and some suppression also exists (figure 6)

Figure 6. (a) Binocular rivalry can be demonstrated by placing a pen between yourself and the screen. Keep you eye on the tip of the pen and notice the two bars merge. You may need to slowly move the pen from the screen towards you. (b) Result of (a)

Panums fusional area is the region of binocular single vision. Outside Panums fusional area, physiological diplopia occurs. Using the haplopic method of determining the horopter, Panums area can be determined (figure 7).

Figure 7. Haplopic method of determining the horopter involves locating the region of single binocular vision at a distance of 40cm.Panums fusional area lies between the outer and inner limits of the region of single binocular vision

Retinal disparity: Retinal disparate points are retinal points that give rise to different principal visual direction and diplopia. However, retinal disparity within Panums fusional area (zone of single binocular vision) can be fused resulting in single vision. Retinal disparity is essential for stereoscopic depth perception as stereoscopic depth perception results from fusion of slightly dissimilar images. Due to the lateral displacement of our eyes, slightly dissimilar retinal images result from the different perception of the same object from each eye.

Clinical Tests used to measure Stereopsis

There are two groups of clinical tests used to measure stereopsis. These are the contour stereotests and the random-dot stereotest. Random-dot stereograms were first used by Julesz (1960) to eliminate monocular cues. As there are no contours, depth perception (stereopsis) can only be appreciated when binocular fusion occurs. Two process of stereopsis are used and these are local and global stereopsis. Local stereopsis exists to evaluate the two horizontally disparate stimuli. This process is sufficient for contour stereotests. Global stereopsis is required in random-dot stereogram when the evaluation and correlation of corresponding points and disparate points are needed over a large retinal area.

An example of a contour stereotest used in the clinic is the Titmus Fly Stereotest. In the Titmus Fly Stereotest, horizontal disparity is presented via the vectographic technique (Fricke and Siderov, 1997). When tested a 40 cm the fly has a disparity of 3,600 sec of arc; the disparity of the animals range from 400 100 sec of arc and the disparity of the Wirt rings range from 800 40 sec of arc (figure 8).

Figure 8. Titmus Fly Stereotest

Examples of random-dot stereotests used in the clinic are the Frisby Stereotest, the Randot Stereotest, the Random-dot E Stereotest and the Lang Stereotest. The Frisby Stereotest (figure 9) uses real depth to determine stereoacuity. Three perspex of different thicknesses are used. Four squares of geometric shapes are painted on one side of the perspex. In one of the squares, a circle of these geometric shape is painted on the other side of the perspex. Both the Randot (figure 10) and the Random-dot E uses crossed polarised filters. Disparity is also constructed vectographically. The Randot Stereotest uses modified animals and ring designs with random dot backgrounds to eliminate monocular cues. The Lang Stereotest uses a panographic technique (Fricke and Siderov, 1997) to present disparity, therefore, no filters are required. Patients are required to identify pictures on the Lang Stereotest. The Lang II Stereotest has a monocularly visible shape on it (figure 11).

Figure 11. The Lang II

All the tests provides a measure of stereoacuity by asking the patient to identify the correct target that has stereoscoptic depth (target with disparity). The working distance and interpupillary distance will need to be taken into consideration when calculating stereoacuity. Patients with disturbed binocular vision or different refractive error in one eye, will perform poorly on depth discrimination tests.

Acknowlegements

We like to thank Tim Fricke for providing Figures 8-11.

References.

Fricke TR and Siderov J (1997) Stereopsis, stereotest and their relation to vision screening and clinical practice.Clin Exp Optom. 80: 165-172.

Julesz B. Binocular depth perception of computer generated patterns.Bell Syst Tech J.1960;39:11251162.2.

Moses RA and Hart WM (1987)Adlers Physiology of the eye, Clinical Application, 8th ed. St. Louis: The C. V. Mosby Company.

Ogle KN (1950)Researches in Binocular Vision. London: Saunders. 1950

Schwartz SH (1999)Visual Perception, 2nd ed. Connecticut: Appleton and Lange.

Last Update: June 6, 2007.

The author

Michael Kalloniatiswas born in Athens Greece in 1958. He received his optometry degree and Masters degree from the University of Melbourne. His PhD was awarded from the University of Houston, College of Optometry, for studies investigating colour vision processing in the monkey visual system. Post-doctoral training continued at the University of Texas in Houston with Dr Robert Marc. It was during this period that he developed a keen interest in retinal neurochemistry, but he also maintains an active research laboratory in visual psychophysics focussing on colour vision and visual adaptation. He was a faculty member of the Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences at the University of Melbourne until his recent move to New Zealand. Dr. Kalloniatis is now the Robert G. Leitl Professor of Optometry, Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland.e-mail:m.kalloniatis@unsw.edu.au

The author

Charles Luuwas born in Can Tho, Vietnam in 1974. He was educated in Melbourne and received his optometry degree from the University of Melbourne in 1996 and proceeded to undertake a clinical residency within the Victorian College of Optometry. During this period, he completed post-graduate training and was awarded the post-graduate diploma in clinical optometry. His areas of expertise include low vision and contact lenses. During his tenure as a staff optometrist, he undertook teaching of optometry students as well as putting together the Cyclopean Eye, in collaboration with Dr Michael Kalloniatis. The Cyclopean Eye is a Web based interactive unit used in undergraduate teaching of vision science to optometry students. He is currently in private optometric practice as well as a visiting clinician within the Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Melbourne.

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Why does my DAB signal disappear so quickly?

Hi everyone,

Great suggestions, thanks for sharing your thoughts. I have tried using fresh dehydrating alcohols, but still got the same results. I may try some of the different mounting media you suggested and a different source of DAB. I have not tried leaving out the differentiation step with acid alcohol. Is there a particular bluing reagent that works best?

The details of my protocol are as follows:

The sections were fixed in Modified Davidsons solution, paraffin embedded, re-hydrated, underwent sodium citrate heat-mediated antigen retrieval for 20 minutes, rinsed in PBS, incubated with 10% normal goat serum in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature, incubated with primary antibody in PBS overnight at 4 degrees C, rinsed in PBS, quenched for endogenous peroxidase in 3% hydrogen peroxidase for 15 minutes, rinsed in PBS, incubated with biotinylated secondary antibody in PBS for 1 hour at room temperature, rinsed in PBS, incubated with avidin and biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex for 30 minutes, rinsed in PBS, developed with DAB (Invitrogen) for 1-2 minutes, counterstained with hematoxylin, rinsed in water, differentiated in acid alcohol, rinsed in water, blued in 0.2% ammonia water, rinsed in water, dehydrated in three changes of isopropanol, cleared through three changes of xylene, and mounted using Cytoseal XYL.

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Why does my DAB signal disappear so quickly?

Atmospheric & Environmental Chemistry | Aerodyne Research …

Development of a NOx chemistry module for EDMS/AEDT to predict NO2 concentrations, R. Miake-Lye, S. Herndon, M. Kenney, ACRP, National Academy of Sciences, 2017.

Revisiting global fossil fuel and biofuel emissions of ethane, Z. A. Tzompa-Sosa, E. Mahleu, B. Franco, C. A. Keller, A. J. Turner, D. Helmig, A. Fried, D. Richter, P. Welbring, J. Walega, T. L. Yacovitch, S. C. Herndon, D. R. Blake, F. Hase, J. W. Hannigan, S. Conway, K. Strong, M. Schnelder, E. V. Fischer,J. Geophys. Atmos,, 122, 2493-2512, 2017.

Dynamics of canopy stomatal conductance, transpiration, and evaporation in a temperate decidious forest, validated by carbonyl sulfide uptake, R. Wehr, R. Commane, J. Munger, J. B. McManus, D. Nelson, M. Zahniser, S. Saleska, S. Wofsy, Biogeosciences,14, 389-401, 2017.

Interannual variability of ammonia concentrations over the United States: sources and implications, L. D. Schiferl, C. L. Heald, M. Van Damme, L. Clarisse, C. Clerbaux, P. Coheur, J. B. Nowak, J. A. Neuman, S. C. Herndon, J. R. Roscioli, S. J. Ellerman, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12305-12328, 2016.

Using airborne technology to quantify and apportion emissions of CH4 and NH3 from feedlots, J. M. Hacker, D. Chen, M. Bai, C. Ewenz, W. Junkermann, W. Lieff, B. McManus, B. Neininger, J. Sun, T. Coates, T. Denmead, T. Flesch, S. McGinn, J. Hill, Animal Production Science, 56, 190-203, 2016.

Exhaust emissions from in-use general aviation aircraft, T. I. Yacovitch, Z. Yu, S. C. Herndon, R. Miake-Lye, D. Liscinsky, W. B. Knighton, M. Kenney, C. Schoonard, P. Pringle, Airport Cooperative Research Program, 2016.

Continuous and high-precision atmospheric concentration measurements of COS, CO2, CO and H2O using a quantum cascade laser specrometer (QCLS), L. M. J. Kooijmans, N. A. M. Uitslag, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, S. A. Montzka, H. Chen, Amos. Meas. Tech., 9, 5293-5314, 2016.

Characterization of ammonia, methane, and nitrous oxide emissions from concentrated animal feeding operations in northeastern colorado, S. J. Eilerman, J. Peischl, J. A. Neuman, T. B. Ryerson, K. C. Aikin, M. W. Holloway, M. A. Zondlo, L. M. Golston, D. Pan, C. Floerchinger, S. Herndon, Env. Sci. & Technol., 50, 10885-10903, 2016.

Impacts of the Denver Cyclone on regional air quality and aerosol formation in the Colorado Front Range during FRAPPE 2014, K. T. Vu, J. H. Dingle, R. Bahreini, P. J. Reddy, E. C. Apel, T. L. Campos, J. P. DiGangi, G. S. Diskin, A. Freid, S. C. Herndon, A. J. Hills, R. S. Hornbrook, G. Huey, L. Kaser, D. D. Montzka, J. B. Nowak, S. E. Pusede, D. Richter, J. R. Roscioli, G. W. Sachse, S. Shertz, M. Stell, D. Tanner, G. S. Tyndall, J. Walega, P. Weibring, A. J. Weinheimer, G. Pfister, F. Flocke, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 12039-12058, 2016.

Seasonal and diurnal variation in CO fluxes from an agricultural bioenergy crop, M. Pihlatie, U. Rannik, S. Haapanala, O. Peltola, N. Shurpali, P. J. Martikainen, S. Lind, N. Hyvonen, P. Virkajarvi, M. Zahniser, I. Mammarella, Biogeosciences, 13, 5471-5485, 2016.

Surface-atmosphere exchange of ammonia over peatland using QCL-based eddy-covariance measurements and inferential modeling, U. Zoll, C. Brummer, F. Shcrader, C. Ammann, A. Ibrom, C. R. Flechard, D. D. Nelson, M. Zahniser, W. L. Kutsh, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 16, 11283-11299, 2016.

Aerosol optical extinction during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPE) 2014 summertime field campaign, Colorado, USA, J. H. Dingle, K. Vu, R. Bahreini, E. C. Apel, T. L. Campos, F. FLocke, A. Fried, S. Herndon, A. J. Hills, R. S. Hornbrook, G. Huey, L. Kaser, D. D. Montzka, J. B. Nowak, M. Reeves, D. Richter, J. R. Roscioli, S. Shertz, M. Stell, D. Tanner, G. Tyndall, J. Walega, P. Weibring, A. Weinheimer, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 11207-11217, 2016.

Direct and indirect measurements and modeling of methane emissions in Indianapolis, Indiana, B. K. Lamb, M. Cambaliza, K. J. Davis, S. L. Edburg, T. W. Ferrara, C. Floerchinger, A. M. Heimburger, S. Herndon, T. Lauvaux, T. Lavoie, D. R. Lyon, N. Miles, K. R. Prasad, S. Richardson, J. R. Roscioli, O. E. Salmon, P. B. Shepson, B. H. Stirm, J. Whetstone, Environ. Sci. Technol, 16, 8910-7, 2016.

Seasonality of temperate forest photosynthesis and daytime respiration, R. Wehr, J.W. Munger, J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, E. A. Davidson, S. C. Wofsy, S. R. Saleska, Nature Letter, 534, 680-683, 2016.

Dynamics of Ammonia Volatilisation Measured by Eddy Covariance During Slurry Spreading in North Italy, Rossana Monica Ferrara, Marco Carozzi, Paul Di Tommasi, David D. Nelson, Gerardo Fratini, Teresa Bertolini, Vincenzo Magliulo, Marco Acutis, Gianfranco Rana, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 219, 1-13, 2016.

The Development and Evaluation of Airborne in Situ N2O and CH4 Sampling Using a Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer (QCLAS) J. R. Pitt, M. LeBreton, G. Allen, C. J. Percival, M. W. Gallagher, S. J.-B. Bauguitte, S. J. O'Shea, J. B. A. Muller, M. S. Zahniser, J. Pyle, P. I. Palmer, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 9, 63-77, 2016.

Reconciling Divergent Estimates of Oil and Gas Methane Emissions, Daniel Zavala-Araizaa, David R. Lyona, Ramn A. Alvareza, Kenneth J. Davisb, Robert Harrissa, Scott C. Herndon, Anna Kariond, Eric Adam Kortf, Brian K. Lambg, Xin Lanh, Anthony J. Marchesei, Stephen W. Pacalaj, Allen L. Robinsonk, Paul B. Shepsonl, Colm Sweeneyd, Robert Talboth, Amy Townsend-Smallm, Tara I. Yacovitchc, Daniel J. Zimmerlei, Steven P. Hamburg, PNAS, 112, 1559715602, 2015.

Air Pollutant Mapping with a Mobile Laboratory During the BEE-TEX Field Study, Tara I. Yacovitch1, Scott C. Herndon, Joseph R. Roscioli1, Cody Floerchinger,W. Berk Knighton, Charles E. Kolb, Supplementary Issue: Ambient Air Quality (B), Environmental Health Insights, 9, 7-13, 2015.

New Approaches to Measuring Sticky Molecules: Improvement of Instrumental Response Times Using Active Passivation, J. R. Roscioli, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, S. C. Herndon, C. E. Kolb, J. Phys. Chem. A, (Web): June 24, 2015.

Seasonal fluxes of carbonyl sulfide in a midlatitude forest, R. Commanea, L. K. Meredith, I. T. Baker, J. A. Berry, J. W. Munger, S. A. Montzka, P. H. Templer, S. M. Juice, M. S. Zahniser, S. C. Wofsy, PNAS, 112, 14162-14167, 2015.

Recent progress in laser-based trace gas instruments: performance and noise analysis, J. B. McManus, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, J. H. Shorter, S. C. Herndon, D. Jervis, M. Agnese, R. McGovern, T. I. Yacovitch, J. R.Roscioli, Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt., 119, 203-218, 2015.

Methane Emissions from United States Natural Gas Gathering and Processing, A. J. Marchese, T. L. Vaughn, D. J. Zimmerle, D. M. Martinez, L. L. Williams, A. L. Robinson, A. L. Mitchell, R. Subramanian, D. S. Tkacik, J. R. Roscioli, S. C. Herndon, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 10718-10727, 2015.

Methane emissions from natural gas infrastructure and use in the urban region of Boston, Massachusetts, K. McKain, A. Down, S. M. Raciti, J. Budney, L. R. Hutyra, C. Floerchinger, S. C. Herndon, T. Nehrkorn, M. S. Zahniser, R. B. Jackson, N. Phillips, S. C. Wofsy PNAS, 112, 1941-1946, 2015.

Meteorology, Air Quality, and Health in London: The ClearfLo Project, S. I. Bohnenstengel, S. E. Belcher, A. Aiken, J. D. Allan, G. Allen, A. Bacak, T. J. Bannan, J. F. Barlow, D. C. S. Beddows, W. J. Bloss, A. M. Booth, C. Chemel, O. Coceal, C. F. Di Marco, M. K. Dubey, K. H. Faloon, Z. L. Fleming, M. Furger, J. K. Gietl, R. R. Graves, D. C. Green, C. S. B. Grimmond, C. H. Halios, J. F. Hamilton, R. M. Harrison, M. R. Heal, D. E. Heard, C. Helfter, S. C. Herndon, R. E. Holmes, J. R. Hopkins, A. M. Jones, F. J. Kelly, S. Kotthaus, B. Langford, J. D. Lee, R. J. Leigh, A. C. Lewis, R. T. Lidster, F. D. Lopez-Hilfiker, J. B. McQuaid, C. Mohr, P. S. Monks, E. Nemitz, N. L. Ng, C. J. Percival, A. S. H. Prvt, H. M. A. Ricketts, R. Sokhi, D. Stone, J. A. Thornton, A. H. Tremper, A. C. Valach, S. Visser, L. K. Whalley, L. R. Williams, L. Xu, D. E. Young, P. Zotter, Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, 779804, 2015.

Constructing a Spatially Resolved Methane Emission Inventory for the Barnett Shale Region, D. R. Lyon, D. Zavala-Araiza, R. A. Alvarez, R. Harriss, V. Palacios, X. Lan, R. Talbot, T. Lavoie, P. Shepson, T. I. Yacovitch, S. C. Herndon, A. J. Marchese, D. Zimmerle, A. L. Robinson, S. P. Hamburg, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 81478157, 2015.

Mobile Laboratory Observations of Methane Emissions in the Barnett Shale Region, T. I. Yacovitch, S. C. Herndon, G. Ptron, J. Kofler, D. Lyon, M. S. Zahniser, C. E. Kolb, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 78897895, 2015.

Airborne Ethane Observations in the Barnett Shale: Quantification of Ethane Flux and Attribution of Methane Emissions, M. L. Smith, E. A. Kort, A. Karion, C. Sweeney, S. C. Herndon, T. I. Yacovitch, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 81588166, 2015.

Aircraft-Based Estimate of Total Methane Emissions from the Barnett Shale Region, A. Karion, C. Sweeney, E. A. Kort, P. B. Shepson, A. Brewer, M. Cambaliza, S. A. Conley, K. Davis, A. Deng, M. Hardesty, S. C. Herndon, T. Lauvaux, T. Lavoie, D. Lyon, T. Newberger, G. Ptron, C. Rella, M. Smith, S. Wolter, T. I. Yacovitch, P. Tans, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 81248131, 2015.

Aircraft-Based Measurements of Point Source Methane Emissions in the Barnett Shale Basin, T. N. Lavoie, P. B. Shepson, M. O. L. Cambaliza, B. H. Stirm, A. Karion, C. Sweeney, T. I. Yacovitch, S. C. Herndon, X. Lan, D. Lyon, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 79047913, 2015.

Atmospheric Emission Characterization of Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Development Sites, J. D. Goetz, C. Floerchinger, E. C. Fortner, J. Wormhoudt, P. Massoli, W. B. Knighton, S. C. Herndon, C. E. Kolb, E. Knipping, S. L. Shaw, P. F. DeCarlo, Environ. Sci. Technol., 49, 70127020, 2015.

Vehicle emissions of radical precursors and related species observed in the 2009 SHARP campaign, J. Wormhoudt, E. C. Wood, W. B. Knighton, C. E. Kolb, S. C. Herndon, E. P. Olague, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 65, 699-706, 2015.

Airborne in situ vertical profiling of HDO/H216O in the subtropical troposphere during the MUSICA remote sensing validation campaign, C. Dyroff, S. Sanati, E. Christner, A. Zahn, M. Balzer, H. Bouquet, J. B. McManus, Y. Gonzlez-Ramos, M. Schneider, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 8, 121155, 2015.

Design and performance of a dual-laser instrument for multiple isotopologues of carbon dioxide and water, J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, Opt. Express, 23, 6569-6586, 2015.

Intercomparison of fast response commercial gas analysers for nitrous oxide flux measurements under field conditions, . Rannik, S. Haapanala, N. J. Shurpali, I. Mammarella, S. Lind, N. Hyvnen, O. Peltola, M. Zahniser, P. J. Martikainen, T. Vesala, Biogeosciences, 12, 415-431, 2015.

Development and field testing of a rapid and ultra-stable atmospheric carbon dioxide spectrometer, B. Xiang, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, M. S. Zahniser, R. A. Wehr, S. C. Wofsy, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 4445-4453, 2014.

Feasibility and Potential Utility of Multicomponent Exhaled Breath Analysis for Predicting Development of Radiation Pneumonitis after Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy, J. M. Mor, N. C.W. Eclov, M. P. Chung, J. F. Wynne, J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, A. L. Hanlon, R. Burmeister, P. Banos, P. G. Maxim, B. W. Jr Loo, M. Diehn, J. Thorac. Oncol., 9, 957-964, 2014.

Demonstration of an Ethane Spectrometer for Methane Source Identification, T. I. Yacovitch, S. C. Herndon, J. R. Roscioli, C. Floerchinger, R. M. McGovern, M. Agnese, G. Ptron, J. Kofler, C. Sweeney, A. Karion, S. A. Conley, E. A. Kort, L. Nhle, M. Fischer, L. Hildebrandt, J. Koeth, J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, C. E. Kolb, Environ. Sci. Technol., 48, 8028-8034, 2014.

Sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide in an agricultural field in the Southern Great Plains, K. Maseyk, J. A. Berry, D. Billesbach, J. E. Campbell, M. S. Torn, M. Zahniser, U. Seibt, PNAS, 111, 9064-9069, 2014.

Measurement of a doubly substituted methane isotopologue, 13CH3D, by tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy, S. Ono, D. T. Wang, D. S. Gruen, B. S. Lollar, M. S. Zahniser, B. J. McManus, D. D. Nelson, Anal. Chem., 86, 64876494, 2014.

Greenhouse gas budget (CO2, CH4 and N2O) of intensively managed grassland following restoration, L. Merbold, W. Eugster, J. Stieger, M. Zahniser, D. Nelson, N. Buchmann, Global Change Biol., 20, 19131928, 2014.

Simulation of semi-explicit mechanisms of SOA formation from glyoxal in a 3-D model, C. Knote, A. Hodzic, J. L. Jimenez, R. Volkamer, J. J. Orlando, S. Baidar, J. Brioude, J. Fast, D. R. Gentner, A. H. Goldstein, P. L. Hayes, W. B. Knighton, H. Oetjen, A. Setyan, H. Stark, R. Thalman, G. Tyndall, R. Washenfelder, E. Waxman, Q. Zhang, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 14, 6213-6239, 2014.

Evaluation of the airborne quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS) measurements of the carbon and greenhouse gas suite CO2, CH4, N2O, and CO during the CalNex and HIPPO campaigns, G. W. Santoni, B. C. Daube, E. A. Kort, R. Jimnez, S. Park, J. V. Pittman, E. Gottlieb, B. Xiang, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, J. Peischl, T. B. Ryerson, J. S. Holloway, A. E. Andrews, C. Sweeney, B. Hall, E. J. Hintsa, F. L. Moore, J. W. Elkins, D. F. Hurst, B. B. Stephens, J. Bent, and S. C. Wofsy, Atmos. Meas. Tech., 7, 1509-1526, 2014.

Measurement of a doubly substituted methane isotopologue, 13CH3D, by tunable infrared laser direct absorption spectroscopy, S. Ono, D. T. Wang, D. S. Gruen, B. S. Lollar, M. S. Zahniser, B. J. McManus, D. D. Nelson, Anal.Chem, (Web): June 4, 2014.

Intercomparison of field measurements of nitrous acid (HONO) during the SHARP campaign, J. P. Pinto, J. Dibb, B. H. Lee, B. Rappenglck, E. C. Wood, M. Levy, R.-Y. Zhang, B. Lefer, X.-R. Ren, J. Stutz, C. Tsai, L. Ackermann, J. Golovko, S. C. Herndon, M. Oakes, Q.-Y. Meng, J. W. Munger, M. Zahniser,J. Zheng, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 55835601, DOI: 10.1002/2013JD020287, 2014.

Development of a Spectroscopic Technique for Continuous Online Monitoring of Oxygen and Site-Specific Nitrogen Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide, E. Harris, D. D. Nelson, W. Olszewski, M. Zahniser, K. E. Potter, B. J. McManus, A. Whitehill, R. G. Prinn, S. Ono, Anal. Chem., 86, 17261734, 2014.

Urban measurements of atmospheric nitrous acid: A caveat on the interpretation of the HONO photostationary state, B. H. Lee, E. C. Wood, S. C. Herndon, B. L. Lefer, W. T. Luke, W. H. Brune, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, J. W. Munger, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 118, 12,27412,281, doi:10.1002/2013JD020341 2013.

Carbonyl sulfide in the planetary boundary layer: Coastal and continental influences, R. Commane, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, B. M. Lerner, J. B. McManus, J. W. Munger, D. D. Nelson, S. C. Wofsy, JGR, Atmos. 118, Issue 14, 80018009, DOI:10.1002/jgrd.5058, 2013.

Measurements of methane emissions at natural gas production sites in the United States, D. T. Allen, V. M. Torres, J. Thomas, D. W. Sullivan, M. Harrison, A. Hendler, S. C. Herndon, C. E. Kolb, M. P. Fraser, A. D. Hill, B. K. Lamb, J. Miskimins, R. F. Sawyer, J. H. Seinfeld, PNAS, 110, 17768-17773, 2013.

Contribution of Nitrated Phenols to Wood Burning Brown Carbon Light Absorption in Detling, United Kingdom during Winter Time, C. Mohr, F. D. Lopez-Hilfiker, P. Zotter, A. S. H. Prvt, L. Xu, N. L. Ng, S. C. Herndon, L. R. Williams, J. P. Franklin, M. S. Zahniser, D. R. Worsnop, W. B. Knighton, A. C. Aiken, K. J. Gorkowski, M. K. Dubey, J. D. Allan, J. A. Thornton, Environ. Sci. Technol., 47, 63166324, 2013.

Long-term eddy covariance measurements of the isotopic composition of the ecosystematmosphere exchange of CO2 in a temperate forest, R. Wehr, J. W. Munger, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, M. S. Zahniser, S. C. Wofsy, S. R. Saleska, Agric. For. Meteorol., 181, 69-84, 2013.

Online measurements of the emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from aircraft, E. S. Cross, J. F. Hunter, A. J. Carrasquillo, J. P. Franklin, S. C. Herndon, J. T. Jayne, D. R. Worsnop, R. C. Miake-Lye, and J. H. Kroll, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 13, 7845-7858, 2013.

Towards a stable and absolute atmospheric carbon dioxide instrument using spectroscopic null method, B. Xiang, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, M. S. Zahniser, S. C. Wofsy, Atmos. Meas. Meas. Tech., 6, 1611-1621, 2013.

Selective measurements of NO, NO2 and NOy in the free troposphere using quantum cascade laser spectroscopy, B. Tuzson, K. Zeyer, M. Steinbacher, J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, L. Emmenegger, Atmos. Meas. Tech. Discuss., 5, 89698993, 2012.

Detecting fugitive emissions of 1,3-butadiene and styrene from a petrochemical facility: An application of a mobile laboratory and a modified proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, W. B. Knighton, S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, E. C. Fortner, T. B. Onasch, J. Wormhoudt, C. E. Kolb, B. H. Lee, M. Zavala, L. Molina, M. Jones, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51, 1267412684, 2012.

Direct measurement of volatile organic compound emissions from industrial flares using real-time online techniques: Proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry and tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectroscopy, W. B. Knighton, S. C. Herndon, J. F. Franklin, E. C. Wood, J. Wormhoudt, W. Brooks, E. C. Fortner, D. T. Allen, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 51, 1267412684, 2012.

Industrial flare performance at low flow conditions. 1. Study overview, V. M. Torres, S. Herndon, Z. Kodesh, D. T. Allen, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 12559-12568, 2012.

Industrial flare performance at low flow conditions. 2. Steam- and air-assisted flares, V. M. Torres, S. Herndon, D. T. Allen, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 12569-12576, 2012.

Application of the carbon balance method to flare emissions characteristics, S. C. Herndon, D. D. Nelson, Jr., E. C. Wood, W. B. Knighton, C. E. Kolb, Z. Kodesh, V. M. Torres, D. T. Allen, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 12577-12585, 2012.

Emissions of nitrogen oxides from flares operating at low flow conditions, V. M. Torres, S. Herndon, E. Wood, F. M. Al-Fadhli, D. T. Allen, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 51, 12600-12605, 2012.

Effective line strengths of trans-nitrous acid near 1275 cm-1 and cis-nitrous acid at 1660 cm-1 , B. H. Lee, E. C. Wood, J. Wormhoudt, J. H. Shorter, M. S. Zahniser, J. W. Munger, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 113, 1905-1912, 2012.

Mass fluxes and isofluxes of methane (CH4) at a New Hampshire fen measured by a continuous wave quantum cascade laser spectrometer. G. W. Santoni, B. H. Lee, J. P. Goodrich, R. K. Varner, P. M. Crill, J. Barry McManus, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, S. C. Wolfsy, JGR 117, D10301, doi:10.1029/2011JD016960, 15pp., 2012.

Modelled and measured concentrations of peroxy radicals and nitrate radical in the US Gulf Coast region during TexAQS 2006, R. Sommariva, T. S. Bates, D. Bon, D. M. Brookes, J. A. de Gouw, S. C. Herndon, W. C. Kuster, B. M. Lerner, P. S. Monks, H. D. Osthoff, A. E. Parker, J. M. Roberts, S. C. Tucker, C. Warneke, E. J. Williams, M. S. Zahniser, S. S. Brown, J. Atmos. Chem. 68, 331-362, 2012.

Primary and secondary sources of formaldehyde in urban atmospheres: Houston Texas region, D. D. Parrish, T. B. Ryerson, J. Mellqvist, J. Johansson, A. Fried, D. Richter, J. G. Walega, R. A. Washenfelder, J. A. de Gouw, J. Peischl, K. C. Aikin, S. A. McKeen, G. J. Frost, F. C. Fehsenfeld, S. C. Herndon, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 12, 3273-3288, 2012.

Establishing Policy Relevant Background (PRB) Ozone Concentrations in the United States, E. C. McDonald-Buller, D. T Allen, N. Brown, D. J. Jacob, D. Jaffe, C. E. Kolb, A. S. Lefohn, S. Oltmans, D. D. Parrish, G. Yarwood, L. Zhang, Environ. Sci. Tech. 45, 9484-9497, 2011.

Measurements of nitrous acid in commercial aircraft exhaust at the alternative aviation fuel experiment, B. H. Lee, G. W. Santoni, E. C. Wood, S. C. Herndon, R. C. Miake-Lye, M. S. Zahniser, S. C. Wofsy, J. W. Munger, Environ. Sci. Tech. 45, 7648-7651, 2011.

Monomer, clusters, liquid: an integrated spectroscopic study of methanol condensation, H. Laksmono, S.Tanimura, H. C. Allen, G. Wilemski, M. S. Zahniser, J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, B. E. Wyslouzil, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 13, 5855-5871, 2011.

Measurements of volatile organic compounds at a suburban ground site (T1) in Mexico City during the MILAGRO 2006 campaign: measurement comparison, emission ratios, and source attribution, D. M. Bon, I. M. Ulbrich, J. A. de Gouw, C. Warneke, W. C. Kuster, M. L. Alexander, A. Baker, A. J. Beyersdorf, D. Blake, R. Fall, J. L. Jimenez, S. C. Herndon, L. G. Huey, W. B. Knighton, J. Ortega, S. Springston, O. Vargas, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2399-2421, 2011.

Ozone production in remote oceanic and industrial areas derived from ship based measurements of peroxy radicals TexAQS 2006, R. Sommariva, S. S. Brown, J. M. Roberts, D. M. Brookes, A. E. Parker, P. S. Monke, T. S. Bates, D. Bon, J. A. De Gouw, G. .J. Frost, J. B. Gilman, P. D. Goldan, S. C. Herndon, W. C. Kuster, B. M. Lerner, H. D. Osthuff, S. C. Tucker, C. Warneke, E. J. Williams, M. S. Zahniser, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 2471-2485, 2011.

Dual quantum cascade laser trace gas instrument with astigmatic Herriott cell at high pass number, J. B. McManus, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, Appl. Opt., 50, A74-A84, 2011.

Investigation of the correlation between odd oxygen and secondary organic aerosol in Mexico City and Houston, E. C. Wood, M. R. Canagaratna, S. C. Herndon, T. B. Onasch, C. E. Kolb, D. R. Worsnop, J. H. Kroll, W. B. Knighton, R. Seil, M. Zavala, L. T. Molina, P. F. DeCarlo, J. L. Jimenez, A. J. Weinheimer, D. J. Knapp, B. T. Jobson, J. Stutz, W. C. Kuster, and E. J. Williams, Atmos. Chem. Phys 10, 8947-8968, 2010.

Application of quantum cascade lasers to high-precision atmospheric trace gas measurements, J. B. McManus, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson Jr., J. H. Shorter, S. Herndon, E. Wood, F. Wehr, Opt. Eng. 49, 111124, 2010.

Gas turbine engine emissions - Part I: Volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, M. T. Timko, S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, T. B. Onasch, M. J. Northway, J. T. Jayne, M. R. Canagaratna, R. C. Miake-Lye, W. B. Knighton, J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power, 132, 06154 (14 pages), 2010.

Gas turbine engine emissions - Part II: Chemical properties of particulate matter, M. T. Timko, T. B. Onasch, M. J. Northway, J. T. Jayne, M. R. Canagaratna, S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, R. C. Miake-Lye, W. B. Knighton, J. Eng. Gas Turb. Power, 132, 061505 (15 pages), 2010.

Application of positive matrix factorization to on-road measurements for source apportionment of diesel- and gasoline-powered vehicle emissions in Mexico City, D. A. Thornhill, A. E. Williams, T. B. Onasch, E. Wood, S. C. Herndon, C. E. Kolb, W. B. Knighton, M. Zavala, L. T. Molina, L. C. Marr, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 10, 3629-3644, 2010.

Characterizing a quantum cascade tunable infrared laser differential absorption spectrometer (QC-TILDAS) for measurements of atmospheric ammonia, R. A. Ellis, J. G. Murphy, E. Pattey, R. van Haarlem, J. M. O'Brien, S. C. Herndon, Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3, 397-406, 2010.

Multicomponent breath analysis with infrared absorption using room-temperature quantum cascade lasers, J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, J. Barry McManus, M. S. Zahniser, D. K. Milton, IEEE Sensors J., 10, 76-84, 2010.

Quantum cascade lasers in chemical physics, R. F. Curl, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, A. A. Kosterev, B. McManus, R. Lewicki, M. Pusharsky, G. Wysocki, F. K. Tittel, Chem. Phys. Lett. 487, 1-18, 2010.

Long-term continuous sampling of 12CO2, 13CO2 and 12C18O16O in ambient air with a quantum cascade laser spectrometer, J. B. McManus, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, Isot. Environ. Health Stu. 46, 49-63, 2010.

Adaptation of a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer instrument to employ NO+ as reagent ion for the detection of 1,3-butadiene in the ambient atmosphere, W. B. Knighton, E. C. Fortner, S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, R. C. Miake-Lye, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 23, 3301-3308, 2009.

Hit from both sides: tracking industrial and volcanic plumes in Mexico City with surface measurements and OMI SO2 retrievals during the MILAGRO field campaign, B.deFoy, N.A.Krotkov, N.Bei, S.C.Herndon, L.G.Huey, A.-P.Martnez, L.G.Ruiz-Surez, E.C.Wood, M.Zavala, L.T.Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys. 9, 9599-9617, 2009.

High precision measurements of atmospheric concentrations and plant exchange rates of carbonyl sulfide using mid-IR quantum cascade laser, K. Stimler, D. Nelson, D. Yakir, Glob. Change Biol. 16, 2496-2503, 2010.

HCN detection with a proton transfer reaction mass spectrometer, W. B. Knighton, E. C. Fortner, A. J. Midley, A. A. Viggiano, S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, C. E. Kolb, Int. J. Mass. Spectrom. 283, 112-121, 2009.

Emissions of NOx SO2, CO, and HCHO from commercail marine shipping during Texas Air Quality Study (TEXAQS) 2006, E. J. Williams, B. M. Lerner, P. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, JGR, 114, D21306, doi:10.1029/2009JD012094, 2009.

Measurements of volatile organic compounds during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign: Industrial influences, regional characteristics, and diurnal dependencies of the OH reactivity, J. B. Gilman, W. C. Kuster, P. D. Goldan, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, S. C. Tucker, W. A. Brewer, B. M. Lerner, E. J. Williams, R. A. Harley, F. C. Fehsenfeld, C. Warneke, J. A. de Gouw, JGR, 114, D00F06, doi:10.1029/2008JD011525, 2009.

Aircraft hydrocarbon emissions at Oakland International Airport, S. C. Herndon, E. C. Wood, M. J. Northway, R. Miake-Lye, L. Thornhill, A. Beyersdorf, B. E. Anderson, R. Dowlin, W. Dodds, W. B. Knighton, Environ. Sci. Technol., 43, 1730-1736, 2009.

Comparison of emissions from on-road sources using a mobile laboratory under various driving and operational sampling modes, M.Zavala, S.C.Herndon, E.C.Wood, J.T.Jayne, D.D.Nelson, A.M.Trimborn, E.Dunlea, W.B.Knighton, A.Mendoza, D.T.Allen, C.E.Kolb, M.J.Molina, and L.T.Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys.,9,1-14,2009.

ACRP Report 7: Aircraft and Airport-Related Hazardous Air Pollutants: Research Needs and Analysis, E. Wood, S. Herndon, R. C. Miake-Lye, D. Nelson, M. Seeley, 65p. (2008). Airport Cooperative Research Program, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC

Correlation of secondary organic aerosol with odd oxygen in Mexico City, S. C. Herndon, T. B. Onasch, E. C. Wood, J. H. Kroll, M. R. Canagaratna, J. T. Jayne, M. A. Zavala, W. B. Knighton, C. Mazzoleni, M. K. Dubey, I. M. Ulbrich, J. L. Jimenez, R. Seila, J. A. de Gouw, B. de Foy, J. Fast, L. T. Molina, C. E. Kolb, doi:10.1029/2008GL034058, 2008.

Spatial and temporal variability of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Mexico City, D. A. Thornhill, B. de Foy, S. C. Herndon, T. B. Onasch, E. C. Wood, M. Zavala, L. T. Molina, J. S. Gaffney, N. A. Marley, L. C. Marr1, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 3093-3105, 2008.

High precision and continuous field measurements of 13C and 18O in carbon dioxide with a cryogen-free QCLAS, B. Tuzson, J. Mohn, M. J. Zeeman, R. A. Werner, W. Eugster, M. S. Zahniser, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, L. Emmenegger, Appl. Phys. B, DOI: 10.1007/s00340-008-3085-4, 2008.

Pulsed quantum cascade laser instrument with compact design for rapid, high sensitivity measurements of trace gases in air, J. B. McManus, J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, M. S. Zahniser, D. E. Glenn, R. M. McGovern, Appl. Phys. B., 92, 387-392, 2008.

Development of negative-ion proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectrometry (NI-PT-CIMS) for the measurement of gas-phase organic acids in the atmosphere, P. Veres, J. M. Roberts, C. Warneke, D. Welsh-Bon, M. Zahniser, S. Herndon, R. Fall, J. de Gouw, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 274, 48-55, 2008.

New method for isotopic ratio measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide using a 4.3 m pulsed quantum cascade laser, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, S. C. Herndon, M. S. Zahniser, B. Tuzson, L. Emmenegger, Appl. Phys. B, 90, 301-310, 2008. Special Issue: 6th International Conference on tunable laser spectroscopy.

Quantum cascade laser based spectrometer for in situ stable carbon dioxide isotope measurements, B. Tuzson, M. J. Zeeman, M. S. Zahniser, L. Emmenegger, Infrared Physics & Technology, 51, (1), 198-206, 2008.

Suitability of quantum cascade laser spectroscopy for CH4 and N2O eddy covariance flux measurements, P. S. Kroon, A. Hensen, H. J. J. Jonker, M. S. Zahniser, W. H. van't Veen, A. T. Vermeulen, Biogeosciences, 4, Special issue, 715-728, 2007.

Laboratory evaluation of an aldehyde scrubber system specifically for the detection of acrolein, W. B. Knighton, S. C. Herndon, J. H. Shorter, R. C. Miake-Lye, M. S. Zahniser, K. Akiyama, A. Shimono, K. Kitasaka, H. Shimajiri, K. Sugihara, J. Air & Waste Manage. Assoc. 57,, 1370-1378, 2007.

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy study of CH3CH2OD/D2O binary condensation in a supersonic Laval nozzle, S. Tanimura, B. E. Wyslouzil, M. S. Zahniser, J. H. Shorter, D. D. Nelson, J. B. McManus, J. Chem.Phys. 127, 034305 (13), 2007.

Towards realization of reactive gas amount of substance standards through spectroscopic measurements, P. M. Chu, D. D. Nelson, Jr., M. S. Zahniser, J. B. McManus, Q. Shi, J. C. Travis, IEEE T. Instrum. Meas., 56, 305-308, 2007.

Evaluation of nitrogen dioxide chemiluminescence monitors in a polluted urban environment, E. J. Dunlea, S. C. Herndon, D. D. Nelson, R. M. Volkamer, F. San Martini, P. M. Sheehy, M. S. Zahniser, J. H. Shorter, J. C. Wormhoudt, B. K. Lamb, E. J. Allwine, J. S. Gaffney, N. A. Marley, M. Grutter, C. Marquez, S. Blanco, B. Cardenas, A. Retama, C. R. Ramos Villegas, C. E. Kolb, L. T. Molina1, M. J. Molina, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 26912704, 2007.

Airborne measurements of HCHO and HCOOH during the New England Air Quality Study 2004 using a pulsed quantum cascade laser spectrometer, S.C. Herndon, M.S. Zahniser, D.D. Nelson Jr., J. Shorter, J.B. McManus, R. Jimnez, C. Warneke, J.A. DeGouw, J. Geophys. Res., 112, D10S03, doi:10.1029/2006JD007600, 2007.

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