Category Archives: Stell Cell Research


Scientists Withdraw Report on Simpler Stem Cells – ABC News

U.S. and Japanese scientists who reported that they'd found a startlingly simple way to make stem cells withdrew that claim Wednesday, admitting to "extensive" errors in the research.

In two papers published in January in the journal Nature, the researchers said that they'd been able to transform ordinary mouse cells into versatile stem cells by exposing them to a mildly acidic environment. Someday, scientists hope to harness stem cells to grow replacement tissue for treating a variety of diseases.

While researchers have long been able to perform such transformations with a different method, the newly reported technique was far simpler, and the papers caused a sensation and some skepticism in the research community. They were also widely reported in the media, including by The Associated Press.

But before long, the government-funded Riken Center for Developmental Biology in Japan accused one of its scientists, Haruko Obokata, of falsifying data in the research. Obokata, the key author of the papers, defended the results during a televised news conference in April while apologizing for using wrong and altered images in the published reports. She also said she opposed withdrawing the papers, a process called retraction, and the 30-year-old attributed her mistakes to inexperience.

On Wednesday, Nature released a statement from Obokata and the other authors of the papers that retracted the papers, a rare occurrence for the prestigious journal. The scientists acknowledged "extensive" errors that meant "we are unable to say without a doubt" that the method works. They noted that studies of the simpler method are still going on by other researchers.

The Riken center also said on its website Wednesday that it expected a separate statement from Obokata and would post it when available.

Dr. Charles Vacanti of the Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, another main author, issued his own statement in which he said he believes the further studies will vindicate the method, which produced what the authors called STAP cells.

But another author, Yoshiki Sasai, deputy director of the Riken center, said the errors in the papers meant "it has become increasingly difficult to call the STAP phenomenon even a promising hypothesis." In a statement issued by Riken, he said he was "deeply ashamed" of the problems in the papers.

The Riken investigation that led to allegations against Obokata also focused on Sasai and two other employees, but they were not accused of research misconduct.

Retractions of papers in major scientific journals like Nature are unusual. They can come about because of fraud or the discovery of honest mistakes that undercut the conclusions of research. Publications like Nature routinely have experts review papers submitted by scientists to look for problems. But in an editorial released Wednesday, Nature concluded that its editors and reviewers "could not have detected the fatal faults in this work."

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Scientists Withdraw Report on Simpler Stem Cells - ABC News

Stem Cell Research – Research!America

Americans Support Stem Cell Research

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Research!America supports federal funding for stem cell research on both adult and embryonic cell lines and works to promote and protect stem cell research at the state and federal levels. We work closely with our partners, the Stem Cell Action Coalition and the Coalition for Advancing Medical Research, to advocate on behalf of stem cell research.

Former President George W. Bush permitted federal funding for embryonic stem cell research (ESCR) only if the stem cells were obtained from a limited number of previously existing stem cell lines. In 2009, President Barack Obama issued an executive order expanding the opportunities for federally funded ESCR by permitting the use of embryonic stem cells other than those obtained from the previously designated stem cell lines. However, legislation to protect this expansion in research opportunities has never been signed into law, which gives future administrations the discretion to curtail or eliminate federally funded stem cell research.

Rep. Diana DeGette (D-CO) is currently sponsoring H.R. 2376, also known as the Stem Cell Research Advancement Act, which would codify the stem cell rules established under President Obamas executive order, preventing future administrations from unilaterally restricting or eliminating federal funding for stem cell research. The legislation would permit funding for research on stem cells derived from embryos produced, but ultimately not used, for in vitro fertilization. The bill currently has 28 cosponsors and no Senate equivalent.

On August 23, 2012, in a decision favorable to proponents of embryonic stem cell research, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the D.C. Circuit upheld a lower court ruling dismissing a lawsuit that challenged the Obama administrations expansion of federal funding for embryonic stem cell research.

The Supreme Court declined to hear the appeal in an announcement on January 7, 2013. The announcement allows the decision of the appeals court to stand.

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Stem Cell Research - Research!America

Stem Cell Basics: Introduction [Stem Cell Information]

Introduction: What are stem cells, and why are they important? What are the unique properties of all stem cells? What are embryonic stem cells? What are adult stem cells? What are the similarities and differences between embryonic and adult stem cells? What are induced pluripotent stem cells? What are the potential uses of human stem cells and the obstacles that must be overcome before these potential uses will be realized? Where can I get more information?

Stem cells have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body during early life and growth. In addition, in many tissues they serve as a sort of internal repair system, dividing essentially without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential either to remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell.

Stem cells are distinguished from other cell types by two important characteristics. First, they are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity. Second, under certain physiologic or experimental conditions, they can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special functions. In some organs, such as the gut and bone marrow, stem cells regularly divide to repair and replace worn out or damaged tissues. In other organs, however, such as the pancreas and the heart, stem cells only divide under special conditions.

Until recently, scientists primarily worked with two kinds of stem cells from animals and humans: embryonic stem cells and non-embryonic "somatic" or "adult" stem cells. The functions and characteristics of these cells will be explained in this document. Scientists discovered ways to derive embryonic stem cells from early mouse embryos nearly 30 years ago, in 1981. The detailed study of the biology of mouse stem cells led to the discovery, in 1998, of a method to derive stem cells from human embryos and grow the cells in the laboratory. These cells are called human embryonic stem cells. The embryos used in these studies were created for reproductive purposes through in vitro fertilization procedures. When they were no longer needed for that purpose, they were donated for research with the informed consent of the donor. In 2006, researchers made another breakthrough by identifying conditions that would allow some specialized adult cells to be "reprogrammed" genetically to assume a stem cell-like state. This new type of stem cell, called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), will be discussed in a later section of this document.

Stem cells are important for living organisms for many reasons. In the 3- to 5-day-old embryo, called a blastocyst, the inner cells give rise to the entire body of the organism, including all of the many specialized cell types and organs such as the heart, lung, skin, sperm, eggs and other tissues. In some adult tissues, such as bone marrow, muscle, and brain, discrete populations of adult stem cells generate replacements for cells that are lost through normal wear and tear, injury, or disease.

Given their unique regenerative abilities, stem cells offer new potentials for treating diseases such as diabetes, and heart disease. However, much work remains to be done in the laboratory and the clinic to understand how to use these cells for cell-based therapies to treat disease, which is also referred to as regenerative or reparative medicine.

Laboratory studies of stem cells enable scientists to learn about the cells essential properties and what makes them different from specialized cell types. Scientists are already using stem cells in the laboratory to screen new drugs and to develop model systems to study normal growth and identify the causes of birth defects.

Research on stem cells continues to advance knowledge about how an organism develops from a single cell and how healthy cells replace damaged cells in adult organisms. Stem cell research is one of the most fascinating areas of contemporary biology, but, as with many expanding fields of scientific inquiry, research on stem cells raises scientific questions as rapidly as it generates new discoveries.

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Stem Cell Basics: Introduction [Stem Cell Information]

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Listing of Comments on Draft NIH Human Stem Cell Guidelines

On April 23, 2009, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) published draft stem cell guidelines for public comment in the Federal Register. The purpose of these guidelines are to implement President Barack Obamas Executive Order 13505 Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research Involving Human Stem Cells, which was issued on March 9, 2009.

NIH received 49,015 comments by May 26, 2009, the closing date of the comment period, and have compiled these comments on this website. Any comments received via email or mail after the May 26 deadline are not included on this website. In reviewing the comments, NIH determined that 60 comments were inappropriate (i.e., contained SPAM responses or offensive language), and these comments have been excluded from this website. In addition, to protect the identities and personal information of individuals who submitted comments, NIH has removed personally identifiable information from the comments on this website even though individuals consented that the information provided could be made available for public review and posting.

| Records 46624 - 46723 of 49015 |

Significant strides have been made over the past decade, and the final guidelines issued by NIH must build on this progress so that cures and new therapies can get to patients as quickly as possible. The final guidelines should not create new bureaucratic hurdles that will slow the pace of progress.

No matter how you look at an embryo, it is A HUMAN BEING, and by "using" it to attempt to save another, you are still taking a human life. Taking one life to save another, MAYBE, that is not even been proven, murder is taking place. No one can decide to end a life without paying a price. If the baby was born live, and then "killed", you would put that person up for being charged for murder. Because it is in the safe haven of the mother's womb doesn't take away from the FACT that is is a human being. JUST LIKE YOU.

Please listen to the pleas of many voters who acknowledge that life begins at conception. Also, that our Creator placed that special life for a special purpose. Being martyred is NOT one of those chosen reasons. God will accept that baby into Heaven and you will have to account for taking an innocent life.

Look deep into your conscience and also read the Constitution of the United States. It gives rights to the unborn. Dare you cross those lines and you will have retribution from above.

What would our founding fathers say? They founded our country on Christian Values. Value your conscience. Thank you for reading this email.

We currently use the NIH approved lines WA09, WA01, HES-3, HES-2 in our research developing stem cell therapies for lung disorder such as Cystic Fibrosis.

[2] Most existing U.S. lines have been derived in accordance with the core principles in the ISSCRs guidelines and consistent with the established federal regulatory framework involving IRB oversight and approval. In some instances, additional specialized embryonic stem cell research oversight committees (ESCROs), and other oversight methods in other countries (referred to as SCROs in ISSCR Guidelines), have also provided oversight. Established policy has demonstrated that this self-regulatory structure has provided a sound ethical foundation for stem cell research. In developing the final Guidelines the NIH should consider this well-established framework of independent oversight and give weight to its determinations.

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Listing of Comments on Draft NIH Human Stem Cell Guidelines

The Foundation Fighting Blindness – Research News

The Foundation Fighting Blindness is committed to funding sight-saving research across Canada and to keeping Canadians living with vision loss informed about the latest developments in vision research. News items and resources about emerging research are listed here. You can also see past issues of our monthly Vision Research e-News here!

OurResearch News items are reviewed by Dr. Bill Stell, Expert Scientific Advisor for the Foundation Fighting Blindness. Dr. Stell isaProfessor of Cell Biology and Anatomy; Surgery; Ophthalmology; and Neurosciences at theUniversity of Calgary.

April 15, 2014 - Trial of Treatment to Slow Retinitis Pigmentosa Vision Loss Begins in Italy The eye drop uses a nerve growth factor to protect photoreceptors.

March 31, 2014 - Geneticist's sight-saving contributions recognized Dr. Jane Green received the Order of Newfoundland and Labrador

March 25, 2014 - A Link between Exercise and Vision Health American scientists make the first report of simple exercise having a direct effect on retinal health and vision.

Feb 21, 2014 - New Compound May be the Basis of a Promising Drug to Reverse Retinal Blindness California researchers invent a new "photoswitch," which may give light-sensing capacity to retinal nerve cells potentially restoring vision to people with advancedretinal degenerative diseases.

Feb 5, 2014 - Testing the Safety of Induced Stem Cell Therapies Cells derived from induced pluipotent stem cells will soon be used in a clinical trial for dry age-related macular degeneration and may be used for other conditions as well. How are scientists assessing the risks?

Jan 16, 2014 - First gene therapy results for choroideremia suggest cautious optimism Of first six patients treated in the British gene therapy trial for choroideremia, the two most visually impaired experience the most strikingly positive results.

Jan 8, 2014 - Allergies may protect against age-related macular degeneration In a new, and unexpected research finding people with a history of allergies may be less likely to have AMD.

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The Foundation Fighting Blindness - Research News

Arguments for the use of research cloning

The technical name for cloning is somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). Once an embryo is created by SCNT it can be inserted into the womb of a recipient (reproductive cloning) or it can be used for research purposes (particularly with the aim of creating stem cells). This second process has often been described as therapeutic cloning. However some have argued that this terminology is highly misleading as to-date no form of therapy has resulted from SCNT. Hence the phrase research cloning may represent a more neutral and honest form of terminology. However at present this terminology has not gained widespread acceptance.

Basic scientific concepts

A gene is a hereditary unit consisting of a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome. Chromosomes consist of long coiled chains of genes and are found within all nucleated cells in the human body. Human beings normally have 23 pairs of chromosomes; one of each pair is inherited from the genetic mother and one from the genetic father.

In reproductive cloning the embryo is then placed into a womb and allowed to develop into a child. In research cloning the embryo is used for research purposes, for example to generate embryonic stem cells2, leading ultimately to its destruction.

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Arguments for the use of research cloning

State stem cell agencys at a crossroads – Business …

In a few days, the $3 billion California stem cell agency is slated to pick a new president who will oversee what could be the last years of its life.

The governing board of the California Institute of Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), as the agency is formally known, is scheduled to make the decision Wednesday on the new CEO and his or her pay, which may top $500,000 annually and predictably stir public outrage.

It is a watershed moment for the nearly 10-year-old agency. Not only does it need a new president, it needs more cash, along with results that will resonate widely with the public and potential funding sources. Money for new research awards is scheduled to run out in 2017. To help build support and attract cash, CIRM has begun an aggressive push to commercialize stem cell research. The hope is to fulfill the promises of cures that were made during the ballot initiative campaign that created the program in 2004.

Overall, the agency, which has 56 employees, has handed out about $1.7 billion since it was created by California voters when they approved Proposition 71. The measure funded the agency directly from state borrowing (bonds), with no intervention by the governor or Legislature. No cures have yet resulted from CIRMs spending.

The agencys new chief will replace scientist Alan Trounson, who said last fall that he was resigning to rejoin his family in Australia. Trounson was hired in 2008 at an annual salary of $490,008, where it remains today.

Late last year, the agency pointedly specified that the new CEO did not have to be a scientist. Hiring someone from the private sector, however, could mean offering a salary higher than Trounsons.

The new president and the agency face other issues, particularly developing what the agency calls a sustainability plan that would finance it beyond 2017. CIRM Chairman Jonathan Thomas is examining the possibility of a public-private partnership and is pitching the agencys achievements to possible funding sources.

Asked last week to summarize CIRMs accomplishments, Thomas said in an email, In just a few short years we didnt start funding research in earnest until 2007 we have helped make California the world leader in stem cell research and advanced the science much faster than anyone imagined would happen. Just 10 years after the passage of Proposition 71, 10 projects (that) we have funded are in or have been in clinical trials including therapies for heart failure and HIV/AIDS and we anticipate several more in cancer, diabetes, sickle cell disease and blindness going into clinical trials this year. Its a record the people of California can be proud of.

CIRMs message, however, did not resonate at a meeting in January of the only state body charged with oversight of the enterprise the Citizens Financial Accountability Oversight Committee, which is chaired by state Controller John Chiang.

One member of the committee, Jim Lott, a hospital industry executive in the Los Angeles area and backer of Proposition 71, was sharply critical of a presentation by Thomas and Ellen Feigal, CIRMs senior vice president for research and development. According to the transcript of the meeting, Lott said, What can you tell me that weve done thats going to get my (13-year-old) daughter out of her wheelchair sooner (rather) than later after all this money has been spent?

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State stem cell agencys at a crossroads - Business ...

Adult Stem Cell Research Shows Promise

Heba Degheidy, M.D., Ph.D., a post-doctoral research fellow at FDA, stores stem cell samples for analysis in an FDA laboratory on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) campus in Bethesda, Md.

Steven R. Bauer, Ph.D., chief of the Cellular and Tissue Therapy Branch in FDAs Office of Cellular Tissue and Gene Therapies (standing), visits his team of scientists in their lab.

For more photos of FDA's stem cell research team at work go to Flickr.

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Scientists sporting white coats and safety gloves are working in a bright Food and Drug Administration (FDA) lab on an incredible project.

They are part of FDAs MSC Consortium, a large team of FDA scientists studying adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)cells that could eventually be used to repair, replace, restore or regenerate cells in the body, including those needed for heart and bone repair.

The scientistsinvestigational work is unprecedented: Seven labs at FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research formed the consortium to fill in gaps in knowledge about how stem cells function.

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Adult Stem Cell Research Shows Promise

Stem cell research fuels more debate on cloning

Karen Weintraub, Special for USA TODAY 5:42 p.m. EDT April 19, 2014

A sheep called Dolly, the world's first clone of an adult mammal, is seen in this undated photo. Dolly, was developed by a team of scientists at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland. A study out this week reported success in cloning a human embryo using a technique similar to the one used to clone Dolly, who was cloned in 1996 and died in 2003.(Photo: AP)

A study published this week has reawakened debate over the government's need to regulate human cloning.

In a paper in the journal Cell Stem Cell, researchers took the nucleus of skin cells from 35 and 75 year old men, and produced cloned human embryos. From those they were able to generate embryonic stem cells, valued because they can then be teased into becoming any tissues the body might need.

The researchers are quick to point out that they would never try to implant that embryo in a woman. Instead, the cells will be used for research purposes with an eye toward developing medical therapies. The promise of stem cells has long been that they could be used to grow tissues the body needs to treat ailments ranging from Parkinson's to spinal cord injuries. Creating stem cells from a cloned embryo presumably would create tissues that wouldn't be rejected by the person who donated skin cells initially.

But advocacy groups on opposite ends of the political spectrum said Friday that the study is a reminder of the need for government to step in before someone tries to extend this technique to engineer a human clone.

Animal cloning has been possible since Dolly the sheep was born in 1996, but human cloning has long been considered nearly as impossible as it is unethical. The new paper, which builds on and confirms a study published last year using a similar technique, resolves technical hurdles along the path to human cloning.

"The science is no longer theoretical," said Jeremy Gruber, president of the Council for Responsible Genetics, a New York City-based bioethics organization. "We need to start putting laws into place to identify where the line should be drawn in terms of governance of these techniques."

Gruber's organization, along with the Berkeley, Calif.-based Center for Genetics and Society, both oppose the use of cloning for human reproduction, but support cloning for the purpose of creating embryonic stem cells to be used in research.

The Washington-based Family Research Council, a conservative think tank and lobbying group, opposes all cloning regardless of its purpose. A bill to that effect has been proposed by the current House, but not the Senate, said David Prentice, senior fellow for life sciences at the Family Research Council.

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Stem cell research fuels more debate on cloning