Endometriosis in Teens: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment – Healthline

Endometriosis is a condition that can occur when tissue that is normally found lining the uterus, known as the endometrium, begins to grow outside of that organ. With this disorder, the tissue can be found growing around other nearby organs the ovaries, intestines, and even tissue that lines your pelvis.

Because endometrial tissue is affected by hormonal changes during the menstrual cycle, its not uncommon for people with endometriosis to experience pain and discomfort just like they would with endometrial tissue in the uterus. And just like that tissue, this tissue breaks down too but isnt expelled.

As a result, endometriosis can lead to the growth of scar tissue, irritation, and even infertility. But while much is known about endometriosis in adult women, the condition isnt as well-researched in children or adolescents.

Officially, there is no known cause of endometriosis regardless of the age at which its discovered. And almost all researchers agree that limited studies in younger age groups, as well as healthcare professionals delaying diagnosis by several years, can contribute to its progression that often leads to infertility and other negative outcomes.

There are a few theories that highlight potential reasons, but no theory has proven to be conclusive yet. Well take a closer look at the best supported theories to-date:

Retrograde menstruation is a condition in which blood that is expelled from the uterus flows back toward the fallopian tubes rather than out of the body through the vagina. This scenario is more common than you may expect, with roughly 90% of women experiencing it at some point during their menstruating lives.

But for some, this backflow can lead to endometrial cells adhering to organs or cavity tissues, or whats known as endometrial lesions. This is why it is currently considered a key factor in developing endometriosis.

A 2013 study conducted in Japan found a link between the incidence of menstrual pain and the need for medical interventions. While the study found that roughly a third of all menstruating Japanese women experienced pain significant enough to require medication, of that group, 6% did not experience any improvement after taking medication.

More importantly, this study found that roughly 25 to 38% of adolescents that complained of chronic pelvic pain were later diagnosed with endometriosis. Meanwhile, the most common solution offered to adolescents is pain medications, which will not treat the cause of the pain.

That same 2013 Japanese study noted that some respondents were diagnosed with endometriosis while having never menstruated (premenarchal). This discovery has encouraged researchers to consider that other underlying mechanisms might contribute to endometriosis rather than retrograde menstruation.

Some researchers further hypothesized that endometriosis diagnoses in premenarchal participants could be caused by stem cells that later develop into endometrial tissue and are later activated when menstruation begins.

While we often think of endometriosis as a condition exclusively impacting women, the reality is that it can also develop in nonbinary or transmasculine (people assigned female at birth that later transition to boys) adolescents as well.

A 2020 study reviewed previous research that focused on 35 trans participants ages 26 and younger that were diagnosed with dysmenorrhea (or menstruation-related pain) and treated for that condition. Of the 35, seven of the patients were evaluated and found to have endometriosis some of which were diagnosed after transitioning and included one participant that had already begun testosterone treatment.

Of the seven patients, treatment varied from oral contraceptives, testosterone treatment, and other drugs such as danazol and progestins. The study found that results were mixed. While some respondents found success with testosterone therapy for resolving symptoms, this wasnt the case for everyone.

Ultimately, the study recommended that trans masculine people experiencing dysmenorrhea symptoms should be screened for endometriosis, and that testosterone therapy alone isnt necessarily a complete solution.

Although less is known about endometriosis in adolescent or teenage populations, symptoms tend to be consistent with those found in adult women. These include:

If you or your child is experiencing symptoms of endometriosis, keep reading to learn about getting diagnosed.

Consistently, the research and medical communities agree that early detection of endometriosis is the best way to prevent acute spread which can lead to infertility. Checking for endometriosis on your own is not possible. But letting your doctor know that youre experiencing chronic pelvic pain, heavy or long periods, or any of the other common symptoms associated with endometriosis is important.

Your physician might start the diagnostic process by performing a pelvic ultrasound to ensure that any other underlying conditions or infections arent causing your symptoms. Usually, endometriosis is diagnosed with laparoscopy. This is a minimally invasive procedure where your physician inserts a thin tube with a light and lens through a small incision into the lower abdomen. With this procedure, they can look for endometrial lesions to determine if endometriosis is present.

Unfortunately, its common for period pain to be dismissed as a regular part of life, and for many people it can take more than a decade to receive a proper diagnosis. If this is the case for you, dont hesitate to advocate for yourself and seek a second opinion if youre unable to find a treatment plan that works for you.

Currently, there is no cure for endometriosis. However, just as in adults, the goal of treating adolescent endometriosis is to control and prevent disease progression, provide symptom relief, and preserve fertility.

Several treatment methods may be recommended depending on the amount of endometrial tissue that is present (disease progression).

Treatment options can center on hormonal therapy to control estrogen levels a key factor that influences endometrial growth. For some patients, this might include taking oral contraception, or a progestin-only agent to prevent or minimize the onset of periods, as well as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain management.

Be aware that you might need to try several different types of hormonal therapies before you find the right option that controls your condition.

Some patients might also be prescribed Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist therapy. But this is usually reserved for adults, because research suggests that this treatment can impact bone mineralization in adolescents.

Surgery is often used for both diagnosis and treatment. While some surgeries can remove endometrial lesions, this is not a permanent solution for everyone.

Research has proven that even with surgery, endometrial lesions can return.

Most endometriosis conversations center around female patients. But its important to remember that trans men as well as those born male are also at risk of developing this disease.

Once thought to only be an issue for menstruating females, research suggests that endometriosis can also be detected in premenarchal youth.

Theres no cure for endometriosis. But experts, advocates, and the medical community agree that early interventions for the condition are critical for limiting its spread, controlling symptoms that can impact everyday life, and preserving fertility especially in adolescents.

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Endometriosis in Teens: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment - Healthline

Deconstructing the mechanics of bone marrow disease | Penn Today – Penn Today

Fibrosis is the thickening of various tissues caused by the deposition of fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) in tissues and organs as part of the bodys wound healing response to various forms of damage. When accompanied by chronic inflammation, fibrosis can go into overdrive and produce excess scar tissue that can no longer be degraded. This process causes many diseases in multiple organs, including lung fibrosis induced by smoking or asbestos, liver fibrosis induced by alcohol abuse, and heart fibrosis often following heart attacks. Fibrosis can also occur in the bone marrow, the spongy tissue inside some bones that houses blood-producing hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and can lead to scarring and the disruption of normal functions.

Chronic blood cancers known as myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are one example, in which patients can develop fibrotic bone marrow, or myelofibrosis, that disrupts the normal production of blood cells. Monocytes, a type of white blood cell belonging to the group of myeloid cells, are overproduced from HSCs in neoplasms and contribute to the inflammation in the bone marrow environment, or niche. However, how the fibrotic bone marrow niche itself impacts the function of monocytes and inflammation in the bone marrow was unknown.

Now, a collaborative team from Penn, Harvard, the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), and Brigham and Womens Hospital has created a programmable hydrogel-based in vitro model mimicking healthy and fibrotic human bone marrow. Combining this system with mouse in vivo models of myelofibrosis, the researchers demonstrated that monocytes decide whether to enter a pro-inflammatory state and go on to differentiate into inflammatory dendritic cells based on specific mechanical properties of the bone marrow niche with its densely packed ECM molecules. Importantly, the team found a drug that could tone down these pathological mechanical effects on monocytes, reducing their numbers as well as the numbers of inflammatory myeloid cells in mice with myelofibrosis. The findings are published in Nature Materials.

We found that stiff and more elastic slow-relaxing artificial ECMs induced immature monocytes to differentiate into monocytes with a pro-inflammatory program strongly resembling that of monocytes in myelofibrosis patients, and the monocytes to differentiate further into inflammatory dendritic cells, says co-first author Kyle Vining, who recently joined Penn.More viscous fast-relaxing artificial ECMs suppressed this myelofibrosis-like effect on monocytes. This opened up the possibility of a mechanical checkpoint that could be disrupted in myelofibrotic bone marrow and also may be at play in other fibrotic diseases. Vining will be appointedassistant professor of preventive and restorative sciences in theSchool of Dental Medicine and the Department of Materials Sciences in theSchool of Engineering and Applied Science, pending approval by Penn Dental Medicines personnel committees and the Provosts office.

Vining worked on the study as a postdoctoral fellow at Harvard in the lab of David Mooney. Our study shows that the differentiation state of monocytes, which are key players in the immune system, is highly regulated by mechanical changes in the ECM they encounter, says Mooney, who co-led the study with DFCI researcher Kai Wucherpfennig. Specifically, the ECMs viscoelasticity has been a historically under-appreciated aspect of its mechanical properties that we find correlates strongly between our in vitro and the in vivo models and human disease. It turns out that myelofibrosis is a mechano-related disease that could be treated by interfering with the mechanical signaling in bone marrow cells.

Mooney is also the Robert P. Pinkas Family Professor of Bioengineering at Harvard and leads the Wyss Institutes Immuno-Materials Platform. Wucherpfennig is director of DFCIs Center for Cancer Immunotherapy Research, professor of neurobiology at Brigham and Harvard Medical School, and an associate member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard. Mooney, together with co-senior author F. Stephen Hodi, also heads the Immuno-engineering to Improve Immunotherapy (i3) Center, which aims to create new biomaterials-based approaches to enhance immune responses against tumors. The new study follows the Centers road map. Hodi is director of the Melanoma Center and The Center for Immuno-Oncology at DFCI and professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.

The mechanical properties of most biological materials are determined by their viscoelastic characteristics. Unlike purely elastic substances like a vibrating quartz, which store elastic energy when mechanically stressed and quickly recover to their original state once the stress is removed, slow-relaxing viscoelastic substances also have a viscous component. Like the viscosity of honey, this allows them to dissipate stress under mechanical strain by rapid stress relaxation. Viscous materials are thus fast-relaxing materials in contrast to slow-relaxing purely elastic materials.

The team developed an alginate-based hydrogel system that mimics the viscoelasticity of natural ECM and allowed them to tune the elasticity independent from other physical and biochemical properties. By tweaking the balance between elastic and viscous properties in these artificial ECMs, they could recapitulate the viscoelasticity of healthy and scarred fibrotic bone marrow, whose elasticity is increased by excess ECM fibers. Human monocytes placed into these artificial ECMs constantly push and pull at them and in turn respond to the materials mechanical characteristics.

Next, the team investigated how the mechanical characteristics of stiff and elastic hydrogels compared to those in actual bone marrow affected by myelofibrosis. They took advantage of a mouse model in which an activating mutation in a gene known as Jak2 causes MPN, pro-inflammatory signaling in the bone marrow, and development of myelofibrosis, similar to the disease process in human patients with MPN. When they investigated the mechanical properties of bone marrow in the animals femur bones, using a nanoindentation probe, the researchers measured a higher stiffness than in non-fibrotic bone marrow. Importantly, we found that the pathologic grading of myelofibrosis in the animal model was significantly correlated with changes in viscoelasticity, said co-first author Anna Marneth, who spearheaded the experiments in the mouse model as a postdoctoral fellow working with Ann Mullally, a principal investigator at Brigham and DFCI, and another senior author on the study.

An important question was whether monocytes response to the mechanical impact of the fibrotic bone marrow niche could be therapeutically targeted. The researchers focused on an isoform of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-gamma protein, which is specifically expressed in monocytes and closely related immune cells. PI3K-gamma is known for regulating the assembly of a cell-stiffening filamentous cytoskeleton below the cell surface that expands in response to mechanical stress, which the team also observed in monocytes encountering a fibrotic ECM. When they added a drug that inhibits PI3K-gamma to stiff elastic artificial ECMs, it toned down their pro-inflammatory response and, when given as an oral treatment to myelofibrosis mice, significantly lowered the number of monocytes and dendritic cells in their bone marrow.

This research opens new avenues for modifying immune cell function in fibrotic diseases that are currently difficult to treat. The results are also highly relevant to human cancers with a highly fibrotic microenvironment, such as pancreatic cancer, says Wucherpfennig.

Adapted from a press release written by Benjamin Boettner of the Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University.

Other authors on the study are Harvards Kwasi Adu-Berchie, Joshua M. Grolman, Christina M. Tringides, Yutong Liu, Waihay J. Wong, Olga Pozdnyakova, Mariano Severgnini, Alexander Stafford, and Georg N. Duda.

The study was funded by the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health (Grant CA214369), National Institute of Dental & Craniofacial Research of the National Institutes of Health (grants DE025292 and DE030084), Food and Drug Administration (Grant FD006589), and Harvard University Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (Grant DMR 1420570).

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Rhode Island Expands Stem Cell Therapy For Cancer Patients With New Approval – Kaiser Health News

The state Health Services Council voted to allow patients from the Lifespan Cancer Institute at the Rhode Island Hospital to take part in an autologous stem-cell therapy program. Meanwhile, Reuters reports on ongoing, controversial investments into adult stem cell research directed at heart disease.

The Boston Globe: Lifespan Cancer Institute Secures Key Approval For Stem-Cell Therapy For Cancer Patients The states largest health care system received approval to operate an autologous stem-cell therapy program at the Lifespan Cancer Institute at Rhode Island Hospital. The approval, which was granted by the state Health Services Council in an unanimous vote on June 16, will allow patients from the institute who need cancer treatments, such as stem-cell therapy which provides bone marrow transplants for patients undergoing chemotherapy, to receive care with their regular medical team. Rhode Island Hospital is only the second in the state to offer stem-cell therapy. The only other facility providing this treatment is at Roger Williams Medical Center in Providence. Rhode Islanders were often also referred to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston. (Gagosz, 6/21)

More on stem cell research

Reuters: Years After Harvard Scandal, U.S. Pours Millions Into Tainted Field Mario Ricciardi, a young Italianmolecular biologist,was thrilledwhen he was selected to work with one of Harvard Medical Schools most successful stem cell researchers. His new boss, Dr. Piero Anversa, had become famous within the field for his bold findings in 2001 that adult stem cells had special abilities to regenerate hearts or even cure heart disease, the leading cause of U.S. deaths. Millions in U.S. government grants poured into Anversas lab at Brigham and Womens Hospital in Boston. Top journals published his papers. And the American Heart Association (AHA) proclaimed him a research pioneer. He was like a god, recalled Ricciardi, now 39, one of several scientists to speak out for the first time about their experiences in Anversas lab. Within a year of Ricciardis arrival in 2011, they grew suspicious, the scientists recalled. (Taylor and Heath, 6/21)

In other pharmaceutical and research news

Axios: Cancer Treatment Tool Gets Major Boost In Funding A tool used to analyze cancerous tumors based on algorithms built to map distant galaxies is getting a major influx of funding. The imaging platform called AstroPath is able to pinpoint how certain tumor cells interact with the body's tissues, allowing doctors to potentially learn more about who might respond well to various treatments. (Kramer and Snyder, 6/21)

The Boston Globe: Startup Will Target Cystic Fibrosis With A New Twist On Gene Therapy Gene therapy developers rely on hollowed-out viruses to shuttle DNA into the body, where it can treat or potentially even cure a genetic disease. But most of the dozens of companies in the field use just two kinds of viruses for their DNA delivery. Carbon Biosciences hopes to expand that toolbox. The Lexington, Mass., startup launched Tuesday with $38 million in series A financing to create a new class of gene therapies based on parvoviruses a large family of viruses best known for infecting dogs, but comprised of many little-studied viruses that can infect humans and other animals, too. (Cross, 6/21)

Axios: What Scientists Can Learn From Tracking Disease Outbreaks From Space Scientists are tracking diseases from space and getting a new view of human health. The proliferation of easy-to-use, relatively cheap and more comprehensive satellite data is allowing researchers to get a holistic view of what's happening on Earth during disease outbreaks and possibly learn how to predict the next one. By keeping an eye from above on changes to vegetation and other ecosystem factors that can lead to outbreaks, researchers are starting to piece together correlations between habitat loss and urbanization, among other factors, and infectious disease. (Kramer, 6/21)

Louisville Courier Journal: Louisville Researchers Study Prenatal Care. Here's What They Found One mother, worried about being perceived as "an angry Black woman," felt she had to "watch my tone," even while in the pain of giving birth.Another, under anesthesia at the time of birth, didn't know who delivered her baby.One woman asked for help after suffering with a cesarean section incision. She was told nothing was wrong and accused of just seeking pain medication. Later, once it got bad enough that she couldn't walk or hold her child,it was discovered her incision was very infected.Louisville researchers were toldthese and other stories while speaking with recent parents who accessed prenatal care or gave birth in the city. (Ladd, 6/22)

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Rhode Island Expands Stem Cell Therapy For Cancer Patients With New Approval - Kaiser Health News

Hotels Are Taking Wellness to Extremes, From IV Drips to MRIs – The Wall Street Journal

Soaking in a porcelain tub with petal-thin lime slices fluttering around my limbs, I cant shake the feeling that Im stuck inside one of those fruit water dispensers that used to proliferate at co-working spaces. Im actually taking the waters, by way of an elaborate DIY Ayurvedic bath ritual now on offer at the Peninsula Hotels. Minutes earlier, the disembodied wellness concierge on the other end of my wellness portal (a text chat with a real live human, just a QR code away) dispatched a spa attendant to bring a flight of lovely-smelling bath-time products to my door. The bath-time accoutrements arrived in tiny ceramic bowls on a wooden tray, like so many banchan dishes at a Korean restaurant, with an instruction card for the bathing and slathering and self-massaging that was to follow. A few hours later, my portal pal is back, this time to check in about my pillow plansfeather, buckwheat or memory foam? The latter,my chatty caretakersays, might be a good option for you to have a restful night with proper neck support to start your day tomorrow with the Physique 57 class!

Ive traveled the 5.8 miles from my apartment to the Peninsula New York to avail myself of the hotel brands Life Lived Best initiative, whose health-oriented offerings are as manifold as its title is ambitious (if vague). The aim is to imbue every corner of the luxury chains 10 properties around the globe with micro-upgrades geared toward the pursuit of well-being. Wellness shouldnt be something you only address when you cross the threshold into the spa, says Gareth Roberts, the hotel groups director of brand and operations support. That outdated concept of Now youre in the World of Wellness? Thats not authentic.

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Hotels Are Taking Wellness to Extremes, From IV Drips to MRIs - The Wall Street Journal

Ambys Medicines Announces Formation of Clinical and Scientific Advisory Boards with Leading Liver Disease and Cell and Gene Therapy Experts – Business…

SOUTH SAN FRANCISCO, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Ambys Medicines, a company pioneering cell-replacement therapies for patients with liver disease, today announced the formation of its clinical and scientific advisory boards comprising leading clinical experts in liver disease and hepatocyte transplantation, and world-class scientists pioneering cell and gene technologies.

The clinical advisory board provides guidance on advancing Ambyss lead program, AMI-918, through the clinic and provides critical input on clinical trial design and patient selection. The scientific advisory board will provide a cross-discipline perspective on applying cutting-edge technology to Ambyss cell therapy platform to progress its discovery pipeline of next generation cell therapies.

Were honored to work with such an esteemed and diverse group of experts in liver disease, hepatocyte transplantation, and cell and gene therapies whose collective experience will be highly valuable as we finalize our clinical development strategy for AMI-918 and progress our genetically engineered hepatocyte follow-on programs, said Ronald Park, M.D., Chief Executive Officer of Ambys Medicines. Were grateful for the engagement and support from our advisors as we work to bring first-in-class hepatocyte replacement therapies to liver failure patients who currently lack treatment options.

Each of our advisors brings incredible knowledge and expertise in their respective fields that will be instrumental to Ambys as we continue to broaden our pipeline and move closer to becoming a clinical-stage company, said Markus Grompe, M.D., Founder and Chief Scientific Officer of Ambys Medicines. Were excited to partner together to realize the potential of our novel replacement cell therapy platform in restoring lost hepatic function to patients with acute or chronic liver failure and genetic liver diseases.

Clinical Advisory Board

Scientific Advisory Board

About Ambys Medicines Ambys Medicines is focused on pioneering cell replacement therapies for patients with liver failure. Ambyss proprietary platform enables the company to be the first and only company able to develop and manufacture functional human hepatocytes at scale. Our scientific approach has the potential to fundamentally transform the treatment paradigm for patients with acute and chronic liver failure and genetic diseases of the liver. Our lead program, AMI-918, is a hepatocyte replacement cell therapy in development to restore lost hepatic function. Beyond AMI-918, we are building a pipeline of next-generation modified hepatocytes that will rapidly expand the range of treatable patient populations. Learn more at ambys.com and follow us on Twitter, LinkedIn and Instagram.

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Ambys Medicines Announces Formation of Clinical and Scientific Advisory Boards with Leading Liver Disease and Cell and Gene Therapy Experts - Business...

Calidi Biotherapeutics Announces Appointment of W.K. Alfred Yung, M.D., to its Medical Advisory Board – Business Wire

LA JOLLA, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc., a clinical-stage biotechnology company that is pioneering the development of stem cell-based delivery of oncolytic viruses, today announced the appointment of W.K. Alfred Yung, M.D., Professor, Neuro-Oncology at the MD Anderson Cancer Center, to its Medical Advisory Board.

We are inspired by clinician-scientists like Dr. Yung who have dedicated their careers to advancing care for patients with deadly cancers, such as glioblastoma, for which there are few effective treatments, said Allan J. Camaisa, Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of Calidi. As clinical trials studying the safety and efficacy of Calidis oncolytic virus-based therapies progress, the expertise of seasoned clinicians like Dr. Yung will help us further our understanding of the benefits of these drugs to patients.

Dr. Yung is a fixture in the treatment of brain cancers with extensive experience studying glioblastoma, the deadliest form of brain cancer. He built the neuro-oncology department at MD Anderson Cancer Center, served as co-chair of the National Cancer Institute Brain Malignancy Steering Committee, and advised President Bidens Cancer Moonshot Initiative. Dr. Yung has published more than 350 peer-reviewed articles and served as the editor-in-chief of Neuro-Oncology.

Despite many promising new advancements in precision medicine for many cancers, glioblastoma remains one of the deadliest cancers with limited treatment successes and poor patient quality of life, said W. K. Alfred Yung, M.D. I see great promise in the potential of Calidi Biotherapeutics therapeutic vaccine which shields cancer-fighting oncolytic viruses in stem cells, helping protect the virus from a patients immune system until it reaches the cancer cell. If this approach proves successful in human trials, it could be a game changer not just for the treatment of brain cancers, but for other solid tumor cancers too.

About Calidi Biotherapeutics

Calidi Biotherapeutics is a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company with proprietary technology that is revolutionizing the effective delivery of oncolytic viruses for targeted therapy against difficult-to-treat cancers. Calidi Biotherapeutics is advancing through the FDA approval process a potent allogeneic stem cell and oncolytic virus combination for use in multiple oncology indications. Calidis off-the-shelf, universal cell-based delivery platform is designed to protect, amplify, and potentiate oncolytic viruses currently in development leading to enhanced efficacy and improved patient safety. Calidi Biotherapeutics is headquartered in La Jolla, California. For more information, please visit http://www.calidibio.com.

Forward-Looking Statement

This press release contains forward-looking statements for purposes of the safe harbor provisions under the United States Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Terms such as anticipates, believe, continue, could, estimate, expect, intends, may, might, plan, possible, potential, predicts, project, should, would as well as similar terms, are forward-looking in nature. The forward-looking statements contained in this discussion are based on the Calidis current expectations and beliefs concerning future developments and their potential effects. There can be no assurance that future developments affecting Calidi will be those that it has anticipated. These forward-looking statements involve a number of risks, uncertainties (some of which are beyond Calidis control) or other assumptions that may cause actual results or performance to be materially different from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from current expectations include, but are not limited to: the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could give rise to the termination of negotiations and any subsequent definitive agreements with respect to the business combination (the Business Combination) with Edoc Acquisition Corp. (Edoc); the outcome of any legal proceedings that may be instituted against Edoc, Calidi, the combined company or others following the announcement of the Business Combination, the private placement financing proposed to be consummated concurrently with the Business Combination (the PIPE), and any definitive agreements with respect thereto; the inability to complete the Business Combination due to the failure to obtain approval of the shareholders of Edoc, the possibility that due diligence completed following execution of the principal definitive transaction documents for the Business Combination and PIPE will not be satisfactorily concluded, the inability to complete the PIPE or other financing needed to complete the Business Combination, or to satisfy other conditions to closing; changes to the proposed structure of the Business Combination that may be required or appropriate as a result of applicable laws or regulations or as a condition to obtaining regulatory approval of the Business Combination; the ability to meet stock exchange listing standards following the consummation of the Business Combination; the risk that the Business Combination disrupts current plans and operations of Calidi as a result of the announcement and consummation of the Business Combination; the ability to recognize the anticipated benefits of the Business Combination or to realize estimated pro forma results and underlying assumptions, including with respect to estimated shareholder redemptions; costs related to the Business Combination; changes in applicable laws or regulations; the evolution of the markets in which Calidi competes; the inability of Calidi to defend its intellectual property and satisfy regulatory requirements; the ability to implement business plans, forecasts, and other expectations after the completion of the proposed Business Combination, and identify and realize additional opportunities; the risk of downturns and a changing regulatory landscape in the highly competitive pharmaceutical industry; the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Calidis business; and other risks and uncertainties set forth in the section entitled Risk Factors and Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements in Edocs preliminary prospectus dated March 16, 2022, in the Registration Statement on Form S-4 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) on March 16, 2022.

Important Information About the Business Combination Transaction and Where to Find It

This press release relates to a proposed business combination between Edoc Acquisition Corp. a Cayman Islands exempted company, EDOC Merger Sub Inc., a Nevada corporation and Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc., a Nevada corporation. A full description of the terms and conditions Agreement and Plan of Merger constituting the business combination is provided in the registration statement on Form S-4 filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) by Edoc Acquisition Corp., that includes a prospectus with respect to the securities to be issued in connection with the merger, and information with respect to an extraordinary meeting of Edoc Acquisition Corp. shareholders to vote on the merger and related transactions. Edoc Acquisition Corp. and Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. urges its investors, shareholders and other interested persons to read the proxy statement and prospectus as well as other documents filed with the SEC because these documents will contain important information about Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc., Edoc Acquisition Corp., and the business combination transaction. After the registration statement is declared effective, the definitive proxy statement and prospectus to be included in the registration statement will be distributed to shareholders of Edoc Acquisition Corp. and Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc., as of a record date to be established for voting on the proposed merger and related transactions. Shareholders may obtain a copy of the Form S-4 registration statement, including the proxy statement and prospectus, and other documents filed with the SEC without charge, by directing a request to: Edoc Acquisition Corp. at 7612 Main Street Fishers, Suite 200, Victor, New York 14564. The preliminary and definitive proxy statement and prospectus included in the registration statement can also be obtained, without charge, at the SECs website (www.sec.gov).

Participation in the Solicitation

Edoc Acquisition Corp., Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc., and their respective directors and executive officers may be deemed to be participants in the solicitation of proxies or consents from Edoc Acquisition Corp. and Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. shareholders in connection with the proposed transaction. A list of the names of the directors and executive officers of Edoc Acquisition Corp. and Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc. and information regarding their interests in the business combination transaction is contained in the proxy statement and prospectus. You may obtain free copies of these documents as described in the preceding paragraph.

No Offer or Solicitation

This press release will not constitute a solicitation of a proxy, consent or authorization with respect to any securities or in respect of the proposed business combination. This press release will also not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities of Calidi Biotherapeutics, Inc., nor will there be any sale of securities in any states or jurisdictions in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such jurisdiction. No offering of securities will be made except by means of a prospectus meeting the requirements of section 10 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or an exemption therefrom.

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Calidi Biotherapeutics Announces Appointment of W.K. Alfred Yung, M.D., to its Medical Advisory Board - Business Wire

NYU Langone Health Continues to Rapidly Expand Its Outpatient Network – NYU Langone Health

NYU Langone Health continues to broaden access to high-quality primary and specialty care with recent expansions on Long Island and in Brooklyn and southeast Florida.

Were continually evolving our network to better meet our patients needs, says Andrew Rubin, senior vice president for clinical affairs and ambulatory care at NYU Langone. Whether were adding new services or opening up new practices, our goal is to make it easier for patients to access integrated, comprehensive, patient-centered care in the communities we serve.

Expanding the breadth and depth of services on Long Island, NYU Langone recently added the following practices and providers.

Three new practices at 100 Hospital Road in Patchogue offer multispecialty and surgical care as part of a broader expansion to bring more healthcare services to Suffolk County. The care team at NYU Langone Long Island Surgical AssociatesPatchogue, 100 Hospital Road specializes in breast, colorectal, general, and urologic surgery consultations. Radiation oncology consultations are also available on-site at Perlmutter Cancer Center Radiation Oncology at NYU LangonePatchogue. At NYU Langone Medical AssociatesPatchogue, 100 Hospital Road, the team offers family medicine care for patients age 16 and older, and gastroenterology, podiatry, and urology services.

Vascular surgeon Jonathon A. Rubin, MD, is now seeing patients at NYU Langone Cardiology AssociatesEast Patchogue.

Neurosurgeons Richard W. Johnson, MD, Ricky Madhok, MD, and David Chen, DO, recently joined NYU Langones neurosurgery department at NYU Langone HospitalLong Island, and see patients at NYU Langone Ambulatory Care East Meadow, NYU Langone Huntington Medical Group, and NYU Langone Neurosurgery AssociatesKew Gardens.

At NYU Langone Ambulatory Care East Meadow, occupational and physical therapy and speechlanguage pathology experts at NYU Langones Rusk Rehabilitation now provide specialized care for people with neurologic conditions.

NYU Langone also continues to extend its reach in Brooklyn with the opening of a new location and expanded services.

NYU Langone opened a second care center in Greenpoint, NYU Langone Brooklyn Medical AssociatesKent Street, located in the historic Eberhard Faber Pencil Factory. This new practice offers bariatric and orthopedic surgery consultations, gastroenterology and endoscopy services, on-site diagnostic imaging at NYU Langone RadiologyGreenpoint, and physical therapy through NYU Langones Rusk Rehabilitation.

New clinical services available at NYU Langone Brooklyn Medical AssociatesDyker Heights include bariatric and general surgery consultations, gastroenterology, endocrinology, and pulmonology.

Swapna Ghanta, MD, a breast surgeon and oncologist at Perlmutter Cancer CenterSunset Park who specializes in advanced breast surgery and reconstruction techniques, has joined the medical team at NYU Langone Brooklyn Medical Associates902 Quentin Road. Dr. Ghanta also sees patients at high risk of developing breast cancer.

In Palm Beach County, Florida, NYU Langone recently introduced orthopedics and womens health services and expanded its medical weight loss program to enhance access to comprehensive care at NYU Langone Medical AssociatesWest Palm Beach.

The team here welcomes Dennis A. Cardone, DO, and John G. Kennedy, MD, two of New Yorks leading sports medicine and orthopedic surgery physicians, who are now seeing patients in West Palm Beach. They treat injuries with the goal of optimizing performance, and a rapid and safe return to play. They specialize in sports regenerative medicine techniques for soft tissue and joint conditions, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), concentrated bone marrow aspirate (CBMA), and fat stem cell transplant treatments. Dr. Kennedy also performs in-office needle arthroscopy (IONA) in Floridas first fully equipped IONA facility. IONA is a minimally invasive procedure performed on joints and tendons in the office, leading to significant pain reduction, a low complication rate, and excellent patient-reported outcomes.

The team also welcomes gynecologist Raquel B. Dardik, MD, who provides preventive care and management of conditions affecting the female reproductive system from puberty through menopause and beyond.

In addition, social worker Deborah Lifschitz, LCSW, helps support the emotional needs of patients enrolled in the medical weight loss program at NYU Langone Medical AssociatesWest Palm Beach and offers general mental health counseling services. Lifschitz also sees patients at NYU Langone Medical AssociatesDelray Beach.

We invest in the health of our communities by bringing more physicians into newer facilities with the latest technology and equipment, which we believe leads to better patient outcomes, says Rubin. No matter where they are seen, patients can expect the highest level of care across NYU Langone.

Deborah DJ Haffeman Phone: 646-284-5630 deborah.haffeman@nyulangone.org

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NYU Langone Health Continues to Rapidly Expand Its Outpatient Network - NYU Langone Health

Veloxis Pharmaceuticals Announces Dosing of the First Patient by partner Xenikos in the Global Phase 3 Study Evaluating T-Guard in Patients with…

T-Guard, under development by Xenikos B.V., is being studied in comparison to ruxolitinib in patients with Grade III or IV SR-aGHVD

CARY, N.C., June 28, 2022 /PRNewswire/ -- Veloxis Pharmaceuticals, an Ashai Kasei company, today announced dosing of the first patient by its partner, Xenikos, in a global pivotal Phase 3 clinical study [NCT04934670] designed to evaluate T-Guard versus ruxolitinib for the treatment of patients with Grade III or IV steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT). T-Guard is currently being developed by Xenikos B.V., a privately-held biotechnology company that develops innovative immunotherapies for treating patients with severe immune disease and post-transplant rejection.

(PRNewsfoto/Veloxis Pharmaceuticals)

This study comparing T-Guard to ruxolitinib, if successful, can help bring a new treatment option to patients.

In September 2021, Xenikos secured40 million in convertible debt consisting of two equal tranches of 20 million, led by Veloxis Pharmaceuticals with participation from existing investors, Medicxi, RA Capital Management, Oost NL and Sanquinnovate. In connection with the financing, Veloxis has obtained two sequential call options to acquire the company.

"Patients who experience SR-aGVHD have limited treatment options and sadly, their condition is often fatal" said Ulf Meier-Kriesche, chief scientific officer of Veloxis. "This Phase 3 study comparing T-Guard, with its novel mechanism of action, to ruxolitinib, if successful, can help bring a new treatment option to patients who urgently need it."

"Veloxis is looking forward to the potential addition of T-Guard to its pipeline as we develop a broad portfolio of novel drugs to meet the needs of different groups of transplant patients," says Mark Hensley, CEO of Veloxis.

Xenikos reached agreement with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) on the design of this global, pivotal, randomized Phase 3 study, which is planned to enroll 246 patients and has been designed to test for superiority of T-Guard compared to ruxolitinib for the treatment of Grade III or IV SR-aGVHD. The study will be conducted at 75 transplant centers across the U.S. and Europe and will be executed in collaboration with the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN). Patients will be randomized 1:1 to receive either T-Guard or ruxolitinib. Participants in the T-Guard arm will receive a one-week course of treatment with T-Guard as a four-hour infusion every other day. Each dose consists of 4mg/m2 body surface area (BSA). Participants in the ruxolitinib arm will receive 10mg of ruxolitinib twice daily for a minimum of 56 days.

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The primary endpoint of the study is complete response (CR) rate at Day 28, which is an important surrogate for long-term survival in patients with SR-aGVHD. Key secondary objectives include overall survival at Days 60, 90, 180 and 365, duration of complete response (CR), time to CR, overall response rate at Days 14, 28 and 56, GVHD-free survival, incidence of infections and safety.

There will be a safety run-in phase at the beginning of the study whereby the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) will evaluate the first 24 patients. Xenikos expects to report results from the safety run-in phase during the first half of 2023. The trial will also include an interim analysis for futility after 46 patients become evaluable for the primary endpoint. A second interim analysis will be performed once 150 participants have reached Day 28.

Xenikos expects the data from this study to support the submission of a Biologics License Application (BLA) in the U.S. based on Day 28 data from the first 150 patients. Data from the full 246 patients is expected to support the submission of a Marketing Authorization Application (MAA) in the EU.

Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease

Following allogeneic stem cell transplantation, most patients have a high risk of developing graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). With GVHD, the donor's immune cells attack the patient's cells. Acute GVHD occurs early after transplantation and can be relatively mild or quite severe, even life-threatening, if not treated. Although GVHD can often be treated successfully with steroids, few options are available if the disease progresses or becomes resistant to steroid treatment, and the long-term survival of patients with steroid-refractory acute GVHD (SR-aGVHD) is less than 20%, highlighting the urgent need for effective new therapies.

T-Guard: Helping Reset the Body's Immune System

T-Guard is designed to reset the body's immune system in life-threatening T cellmediated conditions, potentially including prevention of transplant-related rejection, treatment of acute solid-organ rejection, and severe autoimmune disease. T-Guard consists of a unique combination of toxin-conjugated monoclonal antibodies that target CD3 and CD7 molecules on immune cells. Preclinical and early clinical testing have shown that T-Guard can specifically identify and eliminate mature T cells and NK cells with tolerable treatment-related side effects. T-Guard's action is believed to be short-lived, which may alter a patient's vulnerability to opportunistic infections compared to currently available therapies. T-Guard has been previously studied in a Phase 1/2 study in comparison to institutional historical controls in patients being treated second-line for SR-aGVHD following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). To learn more about that study, please find it here (link). T-Guard has been granted Orphan Drug Designation in both the EU and the U.S.

About the Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network (BMT CTN)

The BMT CTN conducts rigorous multi-institutional clinical trials of high scientific merit, focused on improving survival for patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation and/or receiving other cellular therapies. The BMT CTN has completed accrual to more than 50 Phase II and III trials at more than 100 transplant centers and enrolled over 16,000 study participants.

BMT CTN is funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and the National Cancer Institute, both parts of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and is a collaborative effort of 20 Core Transplant Centers/Consortia, the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR), the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP)/Be The Match and the Emmes Company, LLC, a clinical research organization. CIBMTR is a research collaboration between the NMDP/Be The Match and the Medical College of Wisconsin.

The BMT CTN 2002 study is being led by Drs. Mehdi Hamadani, Protocol Officer, Scientific Director of CIBMTR, Medical College of Wisconsin; John Levine, Protocol Co-chair, Director of BMT Clinical Research, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine; Grard Soci, Protocol Co-chair, Head of Hematology-Transplantation, Hpital Saint-Louis; and Gabrielle Meyers, Protocol Co-chair, Associate Professor of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University. More information about the BMT CTN can be found at bmtctn.net.

About Xenikos

Xenikos develops innovative immunotherapies based on conjugated antibodies. This novel therapeutic approach helps reset the immune system in patients who have a severe immune disease or have developed post-transplantation rejection. A randomized Phase 3 registration trial evaluating the company's flagship product, T-Guard for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute graft-versus-host disease (SR-aGVHD) is underway in the U.S. and Europe.

About Veloxis Pharmaceuticals

Veloxis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, an Asahi Kasei company, is a fully integrated specialty pharmaceutical company committed to improving the lives of transplant patients. Headquartered in Cary, North Carolina, USA, Veloxis is focused on the global development and commercialization of medications utilized by transplant patients and by patients with serious related diseases. For further information, please visitwww.veloxis.com.

About Asahi Kasei

The Asahi Kasei Group contributes to life and living for people around the world. Since its foundation in 1922 with ammonia and cellulose fiber business, Asahi Kasei has consistently grown through the proactive transformation of its business portfolio to meet the evolving needs of every age. With more than 40,000 employees around the world, the company contributes to sustainable society by providing solutions to the world's challenges through its three business sectors of Material, Homes, and Healthcare. Its healthcare operations include devices and systems for acute critical care, dialysis, therapeutic apheresis, transfusion, and manufacture of biotherapeutics, as well as pharmaceuticals and diagnostic reagents. For further information, please visitwww.asahi-kasei.com.

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Cellectis Announces the Appointment of Axel-Sven Malkomes & Dr. Donald A Bergstrom, M.D., Ph.D., to its Board of Directors – Yahoo Finance

Cellectis Inc.

NEW YORK, June 28, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Cellectis (the Company) (Euronext Growth: ALCLS - NASDAQ: CLLS), a clinical-stage biotechnology company using its pioneering gene-editing platform to develop life-saving cell and gene therapies, today announced that during the annual shareholders meeting, Axel-Sven Malkomes and Donald Bergstrom, M.D., Ph.D., have been appointed as Directors of the Companys Board of Directors, effective immediately.

We are pleased to continue our work with Dr. Bergstrom and to welcome Mr. Malkomes to the Cellectis Board. They are both seasoned leaders within the healthcare industry, who bring decades of experience in both the healthcare and financial services sectors to Cellectis. We are confident they will provide meaningful and valued perspectives as we continue to progress toward becoming one of the few end-to-end cell and gene therapy companies, said Dr. Andr Choulika, Chief Executive Officer.

Donald A Bergstrom, M.D., Ph.D.

As of today, Dr. Bergstrom will serve as Director of Cellectis Board. Previously, Donald A Bergstrom, M.D., Ph.D., was appointed as a Board Observer on the Companys Board of Directors on November 4, 2021.

Dr. Bergstrom currently serves as Executive Vice President, Head of Research and Development at Relay Therapeutics, Inc., a clinical-stage precision medicines company. He brings with him over 15 years of experience in the biopharmaceutical and medical industries.

Prior to his tenure at Relay Therapeutics, Dr. Bergstrom was Chief Medical Officer at Mersana Therapeutics, where he led the advancement of two products based on Mersanas proprietary antibody-drug conjugate platform through non-clinical development and into Phase 1 clinical trials. Prior to Mersana, he was Global Head of Translational and Experimental Medicine at Sanofi Oncology. At Sanofi, Dr. Bergstrom held roles of increasing responsibility at Merck Research Laboratories, culminating in his role as Oncology Franchise Lead, Experimental Medicine. Dr. Bergstrom holds an M.D. from the University of Washington, Seattle, and a Ph.D. from the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, where he also completed his post-doctoral training. He was a resident in clinical pathology at the University of Washington.

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Axel-Sven Malkomes

Axel-Sven Malkomes served as Chief Financial Officer & Chief Business Officer at Medigene AG, a clinical stage immuno-oncology company focusing on the development of T-cell immunotherapies for the treatment of cancer, until March 31st, 2022. He brings with him over 25 years of experience in the healthcare sector.

Previous to his tenure at Medigene, Mr. Malkomes served as Vice Chairman & Managing Director of the Life Sciences Practice for the British bank Barclays in Europe. Prior to joiningBarclays, he was Global Head of Healthcare & Chemicals Investment Banking at the French corporate and investment bank Socit Gnrale.

On the investor side, Mr. Malkomes has accumulated relevant experience during his several years with the UK listedprivate equity firm 3iplc.as co-head of European Healthcare Investments. Previously, he had leading operational and corporate roles at the German pharmaceutical company Merck KGaA, i.e. as Head of Strategic Planning as well as Head ofMergers & Acquisitions/Business Development, where he significantly participated in the initial set-up and build-out of the company's oncology business.

During his international management career, Mr. Malkomes gained extensive knowledge of the pharmaceutical industry.

About Cellectis Cellectis is a clinical-stage biotechnology company using its pioneering gene-editing platform to develop life-saving cell and gene therapies. Cellectis utilizes an allogeneic approach for CAR-T immunotherapies in oncology, pioneering the concept of off-the-shelf and ready-to-use gene-edited CAR T-cells to treat cancer patients, and a platform to make therapeutic gene editing in hemopoietic stem cells for various diseases. As a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company with over 22 years of expertise in gene editing, Cellectis is developing life-changing product candidates utilizing TALEN, its gene editing technology, and PulseAgile, its pioneering electroporation system to harness the power of the immune system in order to treat diseases with unmet medical needs. As part of its commitment to a cure, Cellectis remains dedicated to its goal of providing lifesaving UCART product candidates for multiple cancers including acute myeloid leukemia (AML), B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) and multiple myeloma (MM). .HEAL is a new platform focusing on hemopoietic stem cells to treat blood disorders, immunodeficiencies and lysosomal storage diseases. Cellectis headquarters are in Paris, France, with locations in New York, New York and Raleigh, North Carolina. Cellectis is listed on the Nasdaq Global Market (ticker: CLLS) and on Euronext Growth (ticker: ALCLS).

For more information, visit http://www.cellectis.com Follow Cellectis on social media: @cellectis, LinkedIn and YouTube.

For further information, please contact:

Media contacts: Pascalyne Wilson, Director, Communications, +33776991433, media@cellectis.com Margaret Gandolfo, Senior Manager, Communications, +1 (646) 628 0300

Investor Relation contact: Arthur Stril, Chief Business Officer, +1 (347) 809 5980, investors@cellectis.com Ashley R. Robinson, LifeSci Advisors, +1 (617) 430 7577

Forward-looking Statements This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable securities laws, including the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements may be identified by words such as anticipate, believe, intend, expect, plan, scheduled, could, would and will, or the negative of these and similar expressions. These forward-looking statements, which are based on our managements current expectations and assumptions and on information currently available to management. These forward-looking statements are made in light of information currently available to us and are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, including with respect to the numerous risks associated with biopharmaceutical product candidate development as well as the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and governmental and regulatory measures implemented in response to the evolving situation. With respect to our cash runway, our operating plans, including product development plans, may change as a result of various factors, including factors currently unknown to us. Furthermore, many other important factors, including those described in our Annual Report on Form 20-F and the financial report (including the management report) for the year ended December 31, 2021 and subsequent filings Cellectis makes with the Securities Exchange Commission from time to time, as well as other known and unknown risks and uncertainties may adversely affect such forward-looking statements and cause our actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we assume no obligation to update these forward-looking statements publicly, or to update the reasons why actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in the forward-looking statements, even if new information becomes available in the future.

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Cellectis Announces the Appointment of Axel-Sven Malkomes & Dr. Donald A Bergstrom, M.D., Ph.D., to its Board of Directors - Yahoo Finance

Cycling knee pain: Where pain occurs, causes, and more – Medical News Today

Many cycling injuries occur due to overuse of the joints of the lower body, especially the knees.

In the United States, around 872,000 people commute to work by bicycle, and cycling as a form of exercise has increased in popularity during the COVID-19 pandemic. As a result, cyclists have experienced more injuries, including to the knees.

This article looks at how common knee pain from cycling is, areas where the pain typically occurs, causes of knee pain, and treatments. We also look at ways to look after the knees, prevention of knee pain from cycling, and the outlook for people with knee pain related to cycling.

Knee pain is the most common injury related to overuse reported by cyclists, both by professionals and those who cycle for recreation.

A 2017 study found that the following factors play a significant role in the rate of knee pain, such as:

The study also found that:

Pain caused by cycling can occur in different parts of the knee. These include the anterior, posterior, lateral, and medial areas of the knee.

Anterior pain occurs at the front and center of the knee. Cyclists most commonly experience pain in this part of the knee. Anterior knee pain in cyclists is usually patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Symptoms of PFP include:

Read more about anterior knee pain.

The posterior knee, or back of the knee, is the least commonly injured area.

A cyclist may injure the posterior knee if their hamstring muscles and tendons are overworked, their hamstrings are tight, or their saddle is excessively high.

Injuries to the posterior knee are more common when the leg is overextended, or the knee is impacted, such as in a car accident.

Symptoms of a posterior knee injury may include:

Injuries to the lateral collateral ligament of the knee are uncommon in cycling. They usually occur due to an impact to the inside of the knee that pushes the knee outwards. This occurs most often due to contact injuries, such as those experienced by soccer players or athletes.

Symptoms of a lateral knee injury include:

Medial knee injuries in cyclists may occur because of:

Symptoms of plica syndrome include:

The treatment of knee pain and injuries usually involves:

Application of rest, ice, compression, and elevation (RICE) method:

A doctor may also prescribe nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to relieve pain experienced in the knee.

A person should seek physiotherapy or medical attention if:

Cycling can cause pain in various areas of the knee. However, knee pain may be a result of many other factors. These include:

Specific exercises can help a person improve the strength, range of motion, and endurance of their knees during cycling.

Exercises to stretch and strengthen the quadriceps, such as lunges and squats, help improve stability in the knee. Core exercises can also help strengthen the abdomen and lower back and improve stability overall.

A physiotherapist or masseuse may also help relieve pain with a sports massage designed to target knee pain.

Read more about strengthening exercises for the knees.

Knee injuries in cyclists often occur due to bicycle misalignment, long-distance riding, and a lack of conditioning before cycling. To prevent knee injury while cycling, a person can:

Knee pain from cycling most often occurs in the anterior area of the knee, in the front center. Knee pain can also result from various medical conditions, injuries, and overuse. A person should contact a doctor if pain persists to determine the cause.

Many people develop knee pain from cycling because their bicycle requires adjustments for comfortable cycling. Adjusting the saddle-pedal distance and saddle height may help reduce knee pain.

Doctors often tree knee pain with NSAIDs and recommend people follow the RICE method. There are also certain changes a person can make to avoid developing knee pain from cycling, such as performing strengthening exercises and warming up before cycling.

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Cycling knee pain: Where pain occurs, causes, and more - Medical News Today