Category Archives: Stem Cell Medicine


BioForward Recognizes Scientific and Business Success with Annual Wisconsin Biohealth Awards – Business Wire

MADISON, Wis.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--BioForward Wisconsin, the collective voice of Wisconsins robust and comprehensive biohealth cluster, representing more than 220 member organizations, has announced the winners of the sixth annual Wisconsin Biohealth Awards.

These awards showcase leadership and innovation in the Wisconsin biohealth industry and specifically recognize scientific and business successes that have brought Wisconsin to be leaders in integrated health solutions.

The 2020 winners of the Hector F. DeLuca Scientific Achievement Award is Dr. Mary Horowitz, and Wisconsin Biohealth Business Achievement Award is Dr. Jim Weber.

Dr. Mary Horowitz is an active blood and marrow transplant physician whose research and dedication to the field of stem cell transplant and hematologic malignancy practice has had a significant impact worldwide. Dr. Horowitz joined the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) in 1985 and has served as its Chief Scientific Director since 1991. Dr. Horowitz is also the Research Director for the Stem Cell Therapeutic Outcomes Database of the C.W. Bill Young Cell Transplantation Program and Principal Investigator of the Data and Coordinating Center of the National Blood and Marrow Transplant Clinical Trials Network. She holds the Robert A. Uihlein Professorship for Hematologic Research at Medical College of Wisconsin and has previously served as Chief of the Division of Hematology and Oncology in MCWs Department of Medicine. Dr. Horowitz has served on numerous NIH review and advisory committees and has been continuously funded by the NIH since 1991. She has co-authored more than 400 peer-reviewed publications.

Dr. James Weber founded PreventionGenetics in 2004 with a vision of "disease prevention through genetic testing." An internationally acclaimed research scientist, Dr. Weber was a major contributor to The Human Genome Project. His discovery of Short Tandem Repeat Polymorphisms (microsatellites) and the creation of the Marshfield Maps of the human genome was a significant advance in human genetics. He has authored or co-authored more than 200 peer-reviewed scientific publications. In 1986, Dr. Weber joined Marshfield Clinic Research Foundation where he was senior research scientist, director of the Center for Medical Genetics and Director of the National Institutes of Health-funded Mammalian Genotyping Service.

"BioForward Wisconsin is excited and honored to announce this year's award winners," said Lisa Johnson, CEO of BioForward. "Dr. Horowitz and Dr. Weber embody the ideal candidate for these awards due to their globally recognized research achievements that have lead to major medical advances in treating diseases and improving health outcomes. These awards are a testament to the ingenuity, passion, and vision of our awardees."

Wisconsin Biohealth Summit, now in a virtual format over September 23, September 30, and October 7, 2020, will reflect the resilience and creativity of the Wisconsin Biohealth Industry. This years award ceremony will be pre-recorded to allow for the full safety of the awardees but will be featured October 7th a viewing party inviting all attendees to celebrate and honor Dr. Horowitz and Dr. Weber.

The Wisconsin Biohealth Summit sponsors include Tommy G. Thompson Center on Public Leadership, ThermoFisher Scientific, Catalent, Exact Sciences, GE Healthcare, Mallinckrodt, WARF, AbbVie, Aurora Health Care, Cellular Dynamics International, Covance, Findorff, Illumina, Isthmus Project, Kraemer Brothers, PhRMA, PPD, Promega, TeraMedica, University Research Park, and Yahara Software.

To learn more about BioForwards annual Wisconsin Biohealth Summit, visit the Summit website here.

About BioForward

BioForward Wisconsin is the collective voice of Wisconsins robust and comprehensive biohealth cluster, which represents more than 220 member organizations across an integrated network of health solution leaders, including research institutions, biotech and biopharma, digital health and medical device and diagnostics. It is an action-oriented association that focuses on initiatives to strengthen the states talent pipeline; collaborations to develop supply chain partnerships; educational and networking events to enhance professional development; and legislative advocacy to highlight the economic and social impact of the biohealth industry on the state, nation, and world. Learn more about BioForward Wisconsin at http://www.bioforward.org.

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BioForward Recognizes Scientific and Business Success with Annual Wisconsin Biohealth Awards - Business Wire

Unraveling the use of CBD in veterinary medicine – Jill Lopez

It was about the 3rd week into Bastions recovery from his TPLO surgery and he was already having a rough time. Bastion was a gregarious yellow Labrador who had his injured stifle about 25 days ago. Fortunately, his family elected for him to have his stifle surgically reconstructed. Initially, he had recovered well from surgery. But one day in particular, he presented to the hospital because he had a brief setback. He was limping far more severely than what would be normally expected at this stage of recovery.

The osteotomy from his surgery had not yet completely healed and he was still in the middle of his prescribed 5 weeks of exercise strict restriction. His family was trying their best but Bastion wasnt having it. He was too active at home and his humans were growing frustrated. Anti-anxiety medications had been dispensed but they were not given. Instead, his family had decided to give him CBD oil at home. When I asked why the prescribed medications had not been given, the client responded, I found CBD oil at the local farmers market and I figured it would work just as well.

Like Bastion, an increasing number of pets are receiving cannabidiol (CBD) supplements. The popularity of CBD continues to rise and many clients are incorporating CBD as part of the medication protocol for their pets, either as an adjunct or, as alternative treatment option.

Perhaps the initial interest in the benefits of CBD can be traced back to 1998, or possibly earlier, when scientists at the National Institutes of Health discovered that CBD could protect cells from oxidative stress. These findings fueled interest in the human medical field and, in large part, that appeal has been transmuted into veterinary medicine. The regard for this molecule has risen to such levels that in many homes, CBD is being used as the sole treatment option for a variety of medical conditions.

Veterinarians are becoming more fluent in the fascinating pharmacology regarding the use of this phytocannabinoid. A recent survey indicated that most veterinarians (61.5%) felt comfortable discussing the use of CBD with their colleagues, but only 45.5% felt comfortable discussing this topic with clients.1 Furthermore, veterinarians and clients in states with legalized recreational marijuana were more likely to talk about the use of CBD products to treat canine ailments than those in other states.2 Lastly, CBD was most frequently discussed as a potential treatment for pain management, anxiety and seizures.1 At first glance, the use of CBD has tangential or limited relevance in the world of veterinary surgery. However, as one takes a closer look at the putative, and proven benefits, it is clear that we are just scratching the surface of its therapeutic benefits. This article takes a brief dive into the world of CBD and its promise in the field of veterinary surgery.

Pain

Whether you perform surgery within a specialty discipline (oncology, orthopedics, neurology, soft tissue surgery, mixed animal, oral/dental, etc), or surgery is only a small part of your general practice, every veterinarian endeavors to aggressively manage pain. The first choice for pain relief among many clinicians are the medications that have been more extensively studied including, but not limited to, anti-inflammatories, gabapentinoids, opioids, local anesthetics, and other analgesics (acetaminophen, amantadine, cerenia etc). These medications or a combination thereof, have been prescribed to treat pain from orthopedic surgery, soft tissue surgery, surgical neuropathic conditions, pain from intestinal surgery, to name just a few. In the most basic schema, pain is divided into four categories: nociceptive pain (a response to damaged tissue), neuropathic pain (a response to directly-damaged sensory or spinal nerves), centralized pain (the result of pain signals being improperly amplified), and inflammatory pain.1 Cannabinoids may have a role to play in mediating all four of these types of pain states. When tissue is damaged, histamine, serotonin, TNF-alpha, IL-1-beta, IL-6, and Il -17 6, and interleukin 17 are released.2 Cannabinoids bind to the CB1 receptors and attenuate the pain signal by slowing down the release of those neurotransmitters.3 This process can take place locally or in the central nervous system.3 Cannabinoids have also been shown to inhibit the release of GABA, a well known neurotransmitter associated with pain.3 Although there is a paucity of clinical research on the use of CBD to treat postoperative pain in the veterinary medical setting, there has been heartening research conducted in humans. Indeed, National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine concluded that there is, substantial evidence that cannabis is an effective treatment for chronic pain in adults.

Opioids have long been the go to option, or cornerstone of pain management, however, the potential for the adverse events associated with the use of opioids in veterinary patients is universally accepted.38 I have seen how distressing it can be for a family to see their pet experiencing any of the unpleasurable side effects of opioids including urine retention, delayed bowel movements, whining, panting, disorientation, or other manifestations of dysphoria. Those are just some of the challenges that clinicians face when using opioids for chronic pain management. Considering the ongoing consequences of the opioid epidemic, there is a search for pain management solutions that are innovative, prone to less adverse events, and are more effective. As the scientific community begins to evaluate the evidence for use of CBD , it is clear that more research is needed.

Anecdotal reports of CBDs efficacy as a pain reliever are ubiquitous but more are turning to scientific data for evidence of CBDs efficacy. A study in 2020 evaluating effects of CBD hemp extract on opioid use and quality of life indicators in chronic pain patients found that over half of chronic pain patients (53%) reduced or eliminated their opioids within 8 weeks after adding CBD-rich hemp extract to their regimens.5 Almost all CBD users (94%) reported quality of life improvements.5 And in a recent study evaluating orally consumed cannabinoids for long-lasting relief of allodynia in a mouse model, found that cannabinoids reduced hyperalgesia and a similar effect was not found with morphine.4 Mouse vocalizations were recorded throughout the experiment, and mice showed a large increase in ultrasonic, broadband clicks after sciatic nerve injury, which was reversed by THC, CBD, and morphine.4 The study demonstrated that cannabinoids provide long-term relief of chronic pain states.4 If research shows that use of cannabinoids in animals, specifically, CBD, can help to decrease the use of opioids for pain management, that would help make more animals comfortable and potentially help to fight the tragic epidemic of human prescription opioid abuse. Further research is needed in a variety of species, specifically, both the canine and feline species.

Bone Healing

Both general veterinary practitioners and veterinary surgeons commonly diagnose and treat fractures. A large retrospective study of fracture incidence in dogs in North America has not been published since 1994; however, the findings from that study are still informative regarding the frequency of bone injuries. That study demonstrated that approximately 24% of all patients in the population studied over a 10 year period were affected by a disorder of the musculoskeletal system, with fractures contributing the largest proportion (over 29%) of all of the diagnosis of the appendicular skeletal system.7 Although that research is dated, the conclusions from this study - at the very least, indicate that fractures are commonplace in the clinical veterinary setting.7 Fracture repair has gradually become more straightforward due to improvements in technology. Because of these innovations, speciality surgeons and general practitioners who repair fractures have begun to see better surgical outcomes. So whether you primarily stabilize fractures with implants, or if external coaptation of fractures with the intention to refer (or perhaps as the primary means of fixation) is your treatment of choice, all veterinary practitioners aim to help fractured bones heal quickly. Despite these technological improvements, bone healing can be protracted or non existent with some fractures. There are a variety of options at a veterinarians disposal to kick-start the healing process but perhaps in the near future, CBD may be added to that armamentarium. The effect of CBD in fracture healing has been investigated evaluating bone callus formation in femur fractures in a rat model.8 The findings demonstrated enhanced biomechanical properties of healing fractures in those given CBD compared with a control group.8 This effect was not found in those only given 9-THC. Moreover, the bone forming effects (osteogenic) of CBD were weakened when test subjects were given equal amounts of CBD and 9-THC.6 Another in vivo research study indicated that when CBD is incorporated into a surface that promotes bone growth (osteoconductive scaffold) it can stimulate stem cell migration and osteogenic differentiation.9 Further studies are needed to better evaluate the role of CBD in healing and bone metabolism of companion animals so that these findings can be applied in the clinical setting.

Additionally, cannabis has been shown to be a useful addition in treatment plans optimized to improve bone health in laboratory studies. A study endeavored to more closely understand the role of CB2 receptors in maintaining bone health. CB2 receptors in bone cells have been linked to maintaining bone density and stimulating growth, and may therefore have a part in reversing the effects of osteoporosis.10 One study evaluating role of CB2 receptors, found that in mice whose genes had been altered to remove the CB1 or CB2 receptors, those that developed signs of bone weakness that were far more pronounced than those in the control group.12 Another study in 2009, investigated the relationship between CB2 expression and bone disease in humans. The study found that people with dysfunctional CB2 receptors to have significantly weaker hand bones.11

Arthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) affects many dogs, large and small. Most often, OA is the consequence of a developmental orthopedic disease that often affects a single joint or a pair of joints, and, less often, affects multiple joints. It is axiomatic that Mother Nature likes symmetry thus developmental orthopedic diseases frequently affect both left and right joints. For example, hip dysplasia is reportedly bilateral in >60% of affected dog,s13 and elbow dysplasia is bilateral in approximately 50% of affected dogs.14 Osteoarthritis occurs secondary to a myriad of primary orthopedic conditions that affect a variety of joints including: the hip (most common causes of OA in the hip: hip dysplasia, Perthes disease); stifle (patellar luxation, cranial cruciate ligament disease, osteochondritis dissecans [OCD]); elbow (elbow dysplasia, elbow OCD, fragmentation of the medial coronoid process, incomplete ossification of the humeral condyle); shoulder (shoulder OCD, developmental shoulder subluxation); tarsus (OCD of the talus), and carpus (carpal laxity, carpal subluxation secondary to chondrodystrophy); and metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint degenerative osteoarthritis (digital osteoarthritis) .

Cannabinoids were found to treat pain secondary to inflammation in a variety of studies on humans. Some of the most compelling research has shown that cannabis can reduce the inflammation in the joint caused in human patients diagnosed with immune mediated arthritis.15 One study found that cannabinoids could simultaneously reduce the secretion of cytokines involved in inflammation from one type of TH immune cells, which were being under-produced, while also increasing their numbers to correct their scarcity.15 Furthermore in a study in 2003, researchers found that plant-based cannabinoids could suppress the expression of interleukin-1betaone of the most prominent markers for inflammation in patients with rheumatoid arthritisby as much as 50%.16 And finally, in 2006, transdermal applications of CBD were shown to decrease biomarkers that can contribute to neurogenic inflammation in a sample of arthritic rats. 17

A report published in the journal of PAIN, lead by researchers at Baylor College of Medicine revealed the results of a large, double blinded, placebo controlled study on the positive effects CBD had in the fight against osteoarthritis.18 The study was designed with two main goals: The first portion of the research studied the effect CBD had on the inflammatory molecules and cells in mice.18 The second portion of the study, investigated whether CBD improved the quality of life in dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis. In lab tests and in mouse models, CBD significantly decreased the production of natural chemicals that promote inflammation and it increased the natural chemicals that fight inflammation.18 Essentially, what they saw was a drop in proinflammatory cytokines and an increase in anti-inflammatory cytokines. 18 For dogs with osteoarthritis, CBD significantly decreased pain and increased mobility in a dose-dependent fashion. Importantly, A lower dose of liposomal CBD was as effective as the highest dose of nonliposomal CBD, indicating that the effect of CBD was quicker and more effective when CBD was delivered encapsulated in liposomes than without.18 Blood samples indicated no significant harmful side effects, or adverse events, over the 4-week analysis period.18 Although this study is very promising and it supports the safety and therapeutic potential of hemp-derived CBD for relieving arthritic pain in dogs, it is important to consult with your pets veterinarian before giving any supplement or medication.

In the veterinary population, use of cannabidiol and other alternative treatments may have the potential to obviate the need for other medications, and thus spare patients from adverse effects associated with their use. More likely, the use of cannabinoids could be additive or synergistic in a multimodal treatment strategy and could increase quality-of-life issues associated with painful arthritic conditions.

Intervertebral Disk Disease

As our patients age, discs in the spine also undergo degenerative changes. Thus, degeneration of intervertebral discs is evitable. This process of degeneration is multifactorial process and it involves hypoxia, inflammation, neoinnervation, accelerated catabolism, and reduction in water and glycosaminoglycan content.39 The magnitude and severity of disc degeneration can vary widely between patients. The most common locations of clinically relevant disc disease are located in the cervical spine, thoracolumbar spine, and the lumbosacral spine.40 Although there are various manifestations of disc disease, broad classifications of Hansen Type I and Type II are typically used to describe the condition. In short, disc material may either extrude (acute herniations) or protrude (chronic herniations), both of which compress the spinal cord which ultimately can cause pain, paresis, paralysis and other neurological deficits.40 The prevalence of thoracolumbar disc disease dogs has been estimated at 3.5%.40 Depending on the neurologic examination, diagnosis, severity, prognosis, and other factors, surgery may be recommended to decompress the spinal cord.

After surgical decompression, there are a host of challenges that the the patient, the family, and the surgeon, may have to work through including a potentially protracted recovery, recurrence of neurological signs, post surgical pain, spinal instability, urinary disorders, (cystitis, urinary tract infection, urinary retention, micturition disorders), ascending myelomalacia, and others.41 Could CBD play a part in helping to improve those affected by disc disease pre-, intra-, or post-operatively and what types of spinal disorders could benefit from CBD? A study conducted on the use of CBD in mice with degenerative disc disease showed promise in mitigating the effect of disc damage and wear.19 Instead of being ingested orally, CBD was injected at the site of the disc. Researchers investigated the effects of cannabidiol intradiscal injection using a combination of MRI and histological analyses.19 A puncture was created in the disc and then CBD was injected into the disc (30, 60 or 120 nmol) shortly after.19 The effects of intradiscal injection of cannabidiol were analyzed within 2 days by MRI.17 Fifteen days later, the group that received cannabidiol 120 nmol was resubmitted to MRI examination and then to histological analyses after the cannabidiol injection.19 What they found was that cannabidiol significantly decreased the effects of disc injury induced by the needle puncture.19 These results suggest that this compound could be useful in the treatment of intervertebral disc degeneration perhaps using a novel route of administration.

Unfortunately, the exact mechanism for how CBD oil helped protect disc damage is still being investigated. The hope is that the neuroprotective properties of cannabidiol can also be found in the study of canine and feline disc disease to ultimately improve functional recovery.

References:

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Abd-Elsayed A., Deer T.R. (2019) Different Types of Pain. In: Abd-Elsayed A. (eds) Pain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99124-5_3

Manzanares J, Julian MD, Carrascosa A. Role of the Cannabinoid System in Pain Control and Therapeutic Implications for the Management of Acute and Chronic Pain Episodes Curr Neuropharmacol. 2006 Jul; 4(3): 239257.

Abraham AD, Leung EJ, Brenden A, Wong BA, Rivera ZM, Kruse LC, et al. Orally consumed cannabinoids provide long-lasting relief of allodynia in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. 2020 Jun;45(7):1105-1114. doi: 10.1038/s41386-019-0585-3. Epub 2019 Dec 7.

Capano A, Weaver R, Burkman E. Evaluation of the effects of CBD hemp extract on opioid use and quality of life indicators in chronic pain patients: a prospective cohort study. Postgrad Med. 2020 Jan;132(1):56-61. doi:10.1080/00325481.2019.1685298. Epub 2019 Nov 12.

Abraham AD, Leung EJ, Wong BA, Rivera ZM, Kruse LC, Clark JJ, Land BB. Orally consumed cannabinoids provide long-lasting relief of allodynia in a mouse model of chronic neuropathic pain. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020: 45:11051114.

Johnson, J., Austin, C., & Breur, G. Incidence of Canine Appendicular Musculoskeletal Disorders in 16 Veterinary Teaching Hospitals from 1980 through 1989. Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology, 07(02), 5669. (1994). doi:10.1055/s-0038-1633097

Kogan NM, Melamed E, Wasserman E. Cannabidiol, a Major Non-Psychotropic Cannabis Constituent Enhances Fracture Healing and Stimulates Lysyl Hydroxylase Activity in Osteoblasts J Bone Miner Re. 2015 Oct;30(10):1905-13. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.2513. Epub 2015 May 10.

Kamali, A., Oryan, A., Hosseini, S., Ghanian, M. H., Alizadeh, M., Baghaban Eslaminejad, M., & Baharvand, H. Cannabidiol-loaded microspheres incorporated into osteoconductive scaffold enhance mesenchymal stem cell recruitment and regeneration of critical-sized bone defects. Materials Science and Engineering: (2019). C, 101, 6475. doi:10.1016/j.msec.2019.03.070

Bab I, Zimmer A. Cannabinoid Receptors and the Regulation of Bone Mass. British Journal of Pharmacology. 2007 153:182-188 doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0707593

I. Idris, A. Cannabinoid Receptors as Target for Treatment of Osteoporosis: A Tale of Two Therapies. Current Neuropharmacology. 2010. 8(3), 243253. doi:10.2174/157015910792246173

Meliha Karsak et al. The Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2 (CNR2) Gene Is Associated with Hand Bone Strength Phenotypes in an Ethnically Homogeneous Family Sample. Human Genetics. 2009. 5:629-36 doi:10.1007/s00439-009-0708-8.

Loder, R. T., & Todhunter, R. J. The Demographics of Canine Hip Dysplasia in the United States and Canada. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2017 115. doi:10.1155/2017/5723476

ONeill DG, Brodbelt DC, Hodge R,. Church DB, Meeson RL. Epidemiology and clinical management of elbow joint disease in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK. Canine Medicine and Genetics. 2020 volume 7:1

Susan H. Pross et al. Differential Suppression of T-cell Subpopulations by THC (delta-9- tetrahydrocannabinol). International Journal of Immunopharmacology 12, no. 5 (1990): 539-44. doi:10.1016/0192-0561(90)90118-7

Robert B. Zurier et al. Suppression of Human Monocyte Interleukin-1 Production by Ajulemic Acid, a Nonpsychoactive Cannabinoid. Biochemical Pharmacology. 2003 4:649-55. doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01604-0.

D.c. Hammell et al. Transdermal Cannabidiol Reduces Inflammation and Pain-related Behaviours in a Rat Model of Arthritis. European Journal of Pain. 2015 6:936-48. doi:10.1002/ejp.818

Verrico, C. D., Wesson, S., Konduri, V., Hofferek, C. J., Vazquez-Perez, J., Blair, E., Halpert, M. M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of daily cannabidiol for the treatment of canine osteoarthritis pain. 2020. Pain. doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001896

Silveira, J. W., Issy, A. C., Castania, V. A., Salmon, C. E. G., Nogueira-Barbosa, M. H., Guimares, et al. Protective Effects of Cannabidiol on Lesion-Induced Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. 2014. PLoS ONE 9:12 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0113161

Yam, M., Loh, Y., Tan, C., Khadijah Adam, S., Abdul Manan, N., & Basir, R. . General Pathways of Pain Sensation and the Major Neurotransmitters Involved in Pain Regulation. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018 19(8), 2164. doi:10.3390/ijms19082164

Costigan, M., Scholz, J., & Woolf, C. J. Neuropathic Pain: A Maladaptive Response of the Nervous System to Damage. Annual Review of Neuroscience. 2009 32(1), 132. doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.051508.135531

Arora A, Taliyan R, Sharma PL. Ameliorative Potential of Cannabis Sativa Extract on Diabetes Induced Neuropathic Pain in Rats. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 1. 2010 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/216536386_Ameliorative_potential_of_cannabis_sativa_extract_

Mark S. Wallace et al., Efficacy of Inhaled Cannabis on Painful Diabetic Neuropathy. 2015. Pain 16(7): 616-27 doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2015.03.008.

Gruen, M. E., Roe, S. C., Griffith, E., Hamilton, A., & Sherman, B. L.. Use of trazodone to facilitate postsurgical confinement in dogs. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. (2014) 245(3), 296301. doi:10.2460/javma.245.3.296

Serra, G., & Fratta, W. A possible role for the endocannabinoid system in the neurobiology of depression. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health. 2007. 3(1), 25. doi:10.1186/1745-0179-3-25

Kim, E. J., Pellman, B., & Kim, J. J. Stress effects on the hippocampus: a critical review. Learning & Memory. 2015. 22(9), 411416. doi:10.1101/lm.037291.114

Demirakca, T., Sartorius, A., Ende, G., et al. Diminished gray matter in the hippocampus of cannabis users: Possible protective effects of cannabidiol. 2010. Drug and Alcohol Dependence. doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.09.020

Mateus M. Bergamaschi et al. Cannabidiol Reduces the Anxiety Induced by Simulated Public Speaking in Treatment-Nave Social Phobia Patients. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2011 36(6):1219-26 doi:10.1038/npp.2011.6.

Jos Alexandre S Crippa et al. Neural Basis of Anxiolytic Effects of Cannabidiol (CBD) in Generalized Social Anxiety Disorder: A Preliminary Report. Journal of Psychopharmacology. 2010. 25: 1doi:10.1177/0269881110379283.

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Zieba, J., Sinclair, D., Sebree, T., Bonn-Miller, M., Cannabidiol (CBD) reduces anxiety-related behavior in mice via an FMRP1-independent mechanism. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 2019. doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2019.05.002

Pamplona, F. A., da Silva, L. R., & Coan, A. C. Potential Clinical Benefits of CBD-Rich Cannabis Extracts Over Purified CBD in Treatment-Resistant Epilepsy: Observational Data Meta-analysis. 2018. Frontiers in Neurology, 9. doi:10.3389/fneur.2018.00759

Palmieri B, Laurino C, Vadal M. A therapeutic effect of cbd-enriched ointment in inflammatory skin diseases and cutaneous scars. Mar-Apr 2019;170(2):e93-e99. doi: 10.7417/CT.2019.2116.

Sangiovanni, E., Fumagalli, M., Pacchetti, B., Piazza, S., et al.. Cannabis sativa L. extract and cannabidiol inhibit in vitro mediators of skin inflammation and wound injury. (2019). Phytotherapy Research. doi:10.1002/ptr.6400

B. Van Klingeren and M. Ten Ham. Antibacterial Activity of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and Cannabidiol. 1976. 42(1-2): 9-12 doi:10.1007/bf00399444.

Giovanni Appendino et al. Antibacterial Cannabinoids From Cannabis Sativa: A StructureActivity Study. 2008. Journal of Natural Products 71(8):1427-430, doi:10.1021/np8002673

McIver, V., Tsang, A., Symonds, N., Perkins, N., et al. Effects of topical treatment of cannabidiol extract in a unique manuka factor 5 manuka honey carrier on second intention wound healing on equine distal limb wounds: a preliminary study. 2020. Australian Veterinary Journal. doi:10.1111/avj.12932

White, D. M., Mair, A. R., & Martinez-Taboada, F. Opioid-free anaesthesia in three dogs. Open Veterinary Journal. 2017 7(2), 104. doi:10.4314/ovj.v7i2.5

Hansen T, Smolders LA, Tryfonidou MA, et al: The Myth of Fibroid Degeneration in the Canine Intervertebral Disc: A Histopathological Comparison of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration in Chondrodystrophic and Nonchondrodystrophic Dogs. Vet Pathol 2017 Vol 54 (6) pp. 945-952.

40. Jeffery ND, Levine JM, Olby NJ, et al: Intervertebral disk degeneration in dogs: consequences, diagnosis, treatment, and future directions. J Vet Intern Med 2013 Vol 27 (6) pp. 1318-33.

41. Balducci F, Canal S, Contiero B, et al: Prevalence and Risk Factors for Presumptive Ascending/Descending Myelomalacia in Dogs after Thoracolumbar Intervertebral Disk Herniation. J Vet Intern Med 2017 Vol 31 (2) pp. 498-504.

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Unraveling the use of CBD in veterinary medicine - Jill Lopez

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Biopreservation Market share forecast to witness considerable growth from 2020 to 2025 | By Top Leading Vendors , STEMCELL Technologies, WAK-Chemie...

An ancient virus might have made our hearts bigger – Scope – Scope

A Stanford-led study finds that remnants of an ancient viral infection may be the reason humans and other primates evolved to have larger hearts and bodies.

Lately I've been thinking a lot about the Grinch. You know, the one who stole Christmas by taking away everything fun and good? (Shades of 2020, anyone?) The story goes that the Grinch's heart grew three sizes when the inhabitants of Whoville showed him the true meaning of the holiday. (Hint: it is love for one another in the face of adversity.)

Although it didn't happen in a matter of moments, humans and other large primates saw a similarly dramatic increase in heart size as they evolved from smaller primates. It's thought that the increased blood pumping ability may have contributed to our relatively larger body size.

Now, Stanford Medicine pathology instructor Kitchener Wilson, PhD, together with cardiologist Joseph Wu, MD, PhD, graduate student Mohamed Ameen and instructor Hongchao Guo, PhD, have come up with a reason for this Grinch-like transformation. They recently published their findings in Developmental Cell.

The culprit looks to be a remnant of an ancient viral infection in the form of a DNA sequence called BANCR that has piggybacked in our genomes for millions of years.

These viral fossils aren't rare. As Wilson explained:

About 10% of our genome is made up of these remains of viral infections in the form of pieces of DNA known as endogenous retroviruses. In fact, these viral sequences make up about five times more of our DNA than the genes that encode for actual proteins.

Normally, retroviruses insert their genetic material into the genomes of their host cells and just coast there until it's time to pop out and make new virus particles. Every time the host cell replicates its own genome, it also copies the stealthy invader and passes it along to the daughter cells. Occasionally these viruses infect egg or sperm cells. After fertilization, the developing embryo carries the inserted viral sequence in all of its cells.

For many years, it was thought that these DNA hitchhikers were just that -- freeloaders that didn't have much to do with the host cell's development or function. But more recently, it's become clear that some of these sequences are important in the expression of nearby genes, particularly in developing or cancerous cells.

As Wilson explained:

We became interested in an endogenous retroviral sequence called BANCR, which other than in some cancers, is active only in developing heart muscle cells in humans and larger primates like gorillas. Because the original viral infection occurred in a small primate ancestor, BANCR is not found in mice or other non-primates. We used induced pluripotent stem cell technology to study the effect of BANCR expression in developing heart muscle cells from humans, chimpanzees, gorillas and rhesus macaques, and found that it likely plays a role in cell migration during development.

There are intriguing hints that this effect on cell migration affects heart size. When Wilson artificially introduced BANCR in embryonic mice, the animals developed hearts with larger-than-normal left ventricles. Injecting a virus expressing BANCR into rat hearts also caused the heart to dilate under certain experimental conditions.

Finally, children with a rare condition called dilated cardiomyopathy, in which the heart is abnormally large and functions poorly, express higher-than-normal levels of BANCR. The researchers are cautiously hopeful that their findings may someday lead to future therapies for the life-threatening condition.

"Now we have a number of pieces of evidence that this retroviral sequence specifically affects heart size and function," said Wilson. "We've seen this ancient viral infection occurred in our primate ancestors, and subsequently all primates with this sequence have gotten larger. It's a provocative idea."

Photo by Debra

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Link:
An ancient virus might have made our hearts bigger - Scope - Scope

Worldwide Human Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Industry to 2025 – The US Dominates the Global Market Landscape – PRNewswire

DUBLIN, Sept. 3, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Global Human Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Market & Clinical Trial Insight 2025" clinical trials has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The scale and scope of microbiome research activity has now become one of the fastest growing areas in biology. The relevance that it has shown for the welfare of the society and pharmaceutical industry has led to the development of a transdisciplinary environment that is however conducive to innovation with a mission to abolish the limitations in the pharmaceutical industry through excellence in microbiome research, awareness and outreach. Over the years now, gut microbiome is estimated to implicate success for the various immunotherapies.

Microbiome's role in immunology practices is to transform world-class treatment into the medicine of today and tomorrow. It is highly recognizable that the healthcare issues that mankind is facing today is now bigger than any one solution. The treatment of certain diseases requires multiple options for the treatment and ultimately prevention. Therefore, the amalgamation of two different treatment paradigms i.e. microbiome and immunology are apparently delivering some medical benefits that millions of patients were in need for long period of time. The ways in which microbiome is understood and manipulated to serve the immunological aspects has given great interest to all the researchers.

The essential and usual concept of immunology depicts targeting the immune system of the body to provoke an immune response with huge impact but then the unsuccessful implication of immunology therapies driven treatments led to an exploration of several other basic concepts that could play an important role in boosting the immune system when combined. Looking forward, the microbiome community in the gut represented beneficial patterns with respect to further research. The area of microbiome research and its combination with immunological aspect for the disease treatment has produced a real excitement in the area of medical research and specifically microbiome research.

All over the world, the amalgamation of the two has been well accepted and appreciated by the patients, physicians and the clinicians. Investigation of all the working sides of microbiome and how it plays an important role in boosting the manipulated immune cells have recently started in large numbers as the technology available in the medical field allows to capture it accurately. To facilitate the microbiome and immunology community in order to extract the best and trending opportunities that are stemmed into the microbiome research, the experts from both the relevant disciplines are analyzing it through clinical researches and surveys. Further, the area is getting supported by 86 different clinical trials getting conducted in different countries.

The Global Human Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Market & Clinical Trial Insight 2025 report summarizes the view of the wider opportunities that are associated microbiome community for the advancement of the scientific information regarding immunology. The science that is related to microbiome has high interdisciplinary and various opportunities that somehow have remained hidden in the medical world. It is believed that the opportunities and all the desirable tangible benefits microbiome is capable of delivering when combined with immunology is large and needs coordinated and constructive approach. The call to the two different sectors i.e. microbiology and immunology is estimated to unlock the potential and promising benefits of microbiome. The approach leading to the extraction of advantages if properly embedded in the microbiome and immunology research, the future benefits will be huge

Report Highlights:

Key Topics Covered:

1. Overview of Microbiome 1.1 Introduction to Microbiome 1.2 History & Evolution of Microbiome

2. Role of Microbiome in Human Body

3. Microbiome: Various Forms 3.1 Gut Microbiome 3.2 Lung Microbiome 3.3 Skin Microbiome 3.4 Microbiome in Other Parts of the Body

4. Mechanism of Microbiome Activity 4.1 Nature of Immune Response 4.1.1 Immunosuppressive Activity 4.1.2 Immunostimulatory Activity 4.2 Messengers Involves in Microbiome Mechanism 4.2.1 MAMPs/PAMPs 4.2.2 Microbial Metabolites As Messengers 4.2.3 Host Cytokines As Messengers 4.2.4 Immune Cells As Messengers

5. Technological Requirement for Microbiota 5.1 Technologies Used 5.1.1 iChip 5.1.2 Simulator of the Human Intestinal Microbial Ecosystem (SHIME) 5.1.3 Gut-on-a-Chip System 5.1.4 Colonic Stem Cell Construction 5.2 Harnessing & Engineering the Microbiome 5.2.1 Additive Approaches 5.2.2 Subtractive Approaches

6. Need for Microbiome Immunology

7. Therapeutic Applications of Microbiome Immunology 7.1 Microbiome Therapy 7.2 Precision Medicine 7.3 Drug discovery 7.4 Biomarkers & Therapy Optimization

8. Human Microbiota in Infectious Diseases 8.1 Infection with Clostridium Difficile 8.2 Infection with Helicobacter Pylori 8.3 Bacterial Vaginosis 8.4 Infection with HIV

9. The Human Microbiota & Liver Diseases 9.1 Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) 9.2 Alcoholic Liver Diseases (ALD) 9.3 Liver Fibrosis & Cirrhosis

10. The Human Microbiota & Metabolic Disorders 10.1 Obesity 10.2 Type 2 Diabetes

11. The Human Microbiota & Other Diseases 11.1 Microbiota & Allergic Diseases 11.2 Microbiota & Psychiatric Diseases

12. Microbiome in Immuno Oncology 12.1 Role of Microbiome in Immuno Oncology 12.2 Microbiome Mechanism in Oncogenesis & Tumor Suppression

13. Microbiome Application by Cancer Types 13.1 Gastric Cancer 13.2 Colorectal Cancer 13.3 Esophageal Cancer 13.4 Hepatocellular Carcinoma 13.5 Melanoma 13.6 Solid Tumors

14. Industrial Approaches of Microbiome Therapy in Oncology 14.1 Bacterial Approaches 14.1.1 Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) 14.1.2 Synthetic Bacteria 14.1.3 Microbial Culture 14.2 Microbiome as Vaccine 14.3 Microbiome as Small Molecules 14.4 Microbiome Therapy using Phage Virus

15. Global Human Microbiome Market Analysis 15.1 Overview 15.2 Human Microbiome Market Segmentation 15.2.1 Regional Segmentation 15.2.2 Disease Based Segmentation 15.2.3 Segmentation by Application

16. Clinical Pipeline of Microbiome Based Therapy 16.1 Microbiome Modulators in Clinical Trial 16.2 Cancer Related Clinical Trials 16.2.1 Preclinical & Discovery Phase 16.2.2 Active Clinical Trials 16.3 Clinical Trial Related To FMT 16.3.1 Clinical Trial for Recurrent C. difficile 16.3.2 Clinical Trial for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) 16.3.3 Other FMT Related Clinical Trials

17. Global Microbiome Modulators Clinical Pipeline By Company, Indication & Phase 17.1 Research 17.2 Preclinical 17.3 Clinical 17.4 Phase-I 17.5 Phase-I/II 17.6 Phase-II 17.7 Phase-II/III 17.8 Phase-III

18. Marketed Microbiome Modulators Clinical Insight 18.1 Sodium Oligomannurarate - Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical 18.2 Miya-BM

19. Global Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Market Growth Drivers

20. Microbiome Technology - Investments, Acquisitions & Collaborations by Leading Microbiome Companies

21. Blockades in the Microbiome Immunology Market 21.1 Stable Engraftment 21.2 Development of Clinically Relevant Sensors 21.3 Robustness and Evolutionary Stability of Genetic Circuits 21.4 Regulation, Safety and Biocontainment

22. Global Microbiome Immunology Market Future Panorama

23. Competitive Landscape 23.1 4D Pharma 23.2 AbbVie 23.3 AstraZeneca plc 23.4 Biocodex 23.5 Bristol Mayer Squibb 23.6 Corebiome/Diversigen 23.7 Elogi Bioscience 23.8 Enterome 23.9 Ferring Pharmaceuticals 23.10 Finch Therapeutics 23.11 Maat Pharma 23.12 Merck 23.13 Microbiome Therapeutics 23.14 Novartis 23.15 OpenBiome 23.16 Pfizer 23.17 Rebiotix 23.18 Second Genome 23.19 Seres Therapeutics 23.20 Symberix 23.21 Takeda Pharmaceuticals 23.22 Vedanta Bioscience

For more information about this clinical trials report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/u5kzzz

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Worldwide Human Microbiome Immunology Therapeutics Industry to 2025 - The US Dominates the Global Market Landscape - PRNewswire

IFITM3 Forges Link Between Neuroinflammation and A Production – Alzforum

03 Sep 2020

Neuroinflammation and A deposition are two hallmarks of AD, and now, a study published September 3 in Nature is forging an alluring mechanistic link between them. Researchers led by Yueming Li at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York reported that interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) binds to -secretase, revving up the enzymes production of A peptides. Knocking down IFITM3 squelched A production in human cells and in a mouse model of amyloidosis. In the human brain, levels of the protein rose with age and in people with AD, and correlated with the amount of inflammatory cytokines and viral proteins present in the brain, as well. In all, the findings link age-related neuroinflammation with increased production of A, and highlight IFITM3 as a potential therapeutic target.

The paper is very convincing and springs a new surprise in the study of the -secretases, wrote Bart De Strooper of KU Leuven in Belgium. It actually turns the classical view that inflammation is a consequence of amyloid plaque accumulation upside-down, providing mechanistic support for the hypothesis that inflammation causes increased A generation.

Beyond its four essential subunits of presenilin, nicastrin, Aph1, and Pen-2, the -secretase complex hosts some hangers-on that modulate its activity in different ways. Researchers are keen to find ways to selectively block the enzymes processing of amyloid- precursor protein (APP), while sparing the cleavage of other important substrates such as Notch. To that end, scientists have developed small molecule -secretase modulators (GSMs) that, besides having clinical potential, are able to identify proteins that associate with active -secretase complexes.

IFITM3 Shines. IFITM3 (green) colocalizes (white) with the neuronal protein MAP2 (red) in this human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuron. [Courtesy of Hur et al., Nature, 2020.]

By attaching a photo-affinity probe to GSMs and then flashing them with UV light to trigger cross-linking with adjacent proteins, researchers hope to capture proteins likely to play a physiological role in the enzymes function. While at Merck, Li used this approach, albeit with -secretase inhibitors, to help peg PS1 as the catalytic subunit of -secretase (Li et al., 2000;Xu et al., 2002).

For the current study, co-first authors Ji-Yeun Hur and Georgia Frost used a photo-affinity labeled version of E2012a GSM created by Eisai but no longer in clinical developmentto fish out endogenous protein modulators of -secretase (Apr 2011 conference news; Aug 2013 news). Even when conjugated with the photoaffinity probe BPyne, E2012 binds to PS1 N terminal fragments within active -secretase complexes (Pozdnyakov et al., 2013). The researchers mixed neuronal cell membranes with E2012-BPyne, induced cross-linking with UV light, purified the BPyne-labeled complexes, and identified two proteins via western blot: the N-terminal fragment of PS1, as predicted, and IFITM3.

An interferon-inducible protein involved in antiviral responses, IFITM3 had previously been spotted among PS1s interactors in a proteomics screen led by De Strooper (Oct 2009 news on Wakabayashi et al., 2009). Lis group used several complementary approaches, including co-immunoprecipitation with various PS1 antibodies, to confirm that indeed, IFITM3 bound to PS1 within active -secretase complexes in mouse primary neurons. IFITM3 also interacted with PS2.

This interferon-induced protein is expressed in many cell types, including mouse hippocampal neurons, astrocytes, and microglia. Human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and primary human astrocytes make the protein (see image above). In cells lacking both PS1 and PS2, IFITM3 protein levels plunged, suggesting that presenilins stabilize it.

Does IFITM3 influence -secretase activity? To investigate, the researchers knocked down IFITM3 in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Without it, production of A40 and A42 peptides dropped by 17 and 24 percent, respectively. In an astrocytoma cell line lacking IFITM3, the amyloid peptides dropped by 36 and 27 percent, respectively. The opposite was true for -secretase cleavage products of Notch, which ramped up without IFITM3. The findings suggest that IFITM3 enhances processing of APP, but suppresses processing of Notch.

In the brains of wild-type mice, IFITM3 levels rose with age, more than doubling between the ages of 4 and 28 months. Whats more, IFITM3 associated with -secretase only in the older mice. The researchers generated IFITM3 knockout mice, and found that -secretase production of A40 and A42 dropped by 15 and 24 percent, respectively, in brain tissue extracted from 18-month-old knockouts relative to wild-type.

Plaque Protection. Fewer amyloid plaques (green) arise in the cortex (left) and hippocampus (right) of 5xFAD when they lack IFITM3 (bottom). [Courtesy of Hur et al., Nature, 2020.]

IFITM3 levels also ramped up with age in the 5xFAD mouse model of amyloidosis. At 12 months of age, IFITM3 levels in 5xFAD mice were nearly double those in wild-type. These transgenic mice overexpress human APP and PS1, which likely also influences IFITM3 expression levels. While IFITM3 primarily localized to blood vessels and meninges in wild-type mice, in plaque-ridden 5xFAD mice the protein also comingled with astrocytes and microglia. The researchers crossed 5xFAD mice to IFITM3 knockouts, and found that loss of IFITM3 not only reduced the production of A peptides by -secretase, but also dramatically lessened A plaque burden. Compared with 5xFAD controls, 5xFAD lacking IFITM3 had 54 and 81 percent fewer plaques in the hippocampus and cortex, respectively, at 4 months (see image above).

What about in people? The researchers assessed IFITM3 expression in postmortem brain samples from multiple cohorts. In the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEX) cohort, they measured more IFITM3 transcripts in the hippocampus and cortex with age: IFITM3 expression approximately doubled between the ages of 20 and 70. In a Mayo Clinic cohort, IFITM3 transcripts were more abundant in the temporal cortices of 80 people with AD than in 76 controls (see figure below). In a separate cohort of frontal cortex samples from the UCSD AD Research Center (ADRC), 18 people with AD had more IFITM3 mRNA and protein than did 10 controls.

Ticking Up in AD. In the Mayo Clinic cohort, IFITM3 transcripts in the temporal cortex (left) were more abundant in people with late-onset AD (LOAD) than in controls. The same was true in the frontal cortex (right). [Courtesy of Hur et al., Nature, 2020.]

Although IFITM3 protein was more abundant on average, there was high variability in IFITM3 among people with LOAD in the UCSD cohort. To see if IFITM3 levels correlated with -secretase activity, Hur and colleagues divided the samples into high and low IFITM3 bins, then measured APP processing in cell membranes extracted from each. Lo and behold, the eight LOAD samples with high IFITM3 protein cranked out 127 and 130 percent more A40 and A42, respectively, than did controls, or LOAD samples with low IFITM3. The findings suggest that IFITM3 correlates with higher A production. In support of this idea, IFITM3 expression levels correlated with A load in multiple brain regions among postmortem samples from the Mount Sinai Brain Bank Dataset.

What dictates IFITM3 expression in the brain? Treating cell cultures with either type I or type II interferons boosted IFITM3 expression and ramped up production of A. Dovetailing with this, IFITM3 expression correlated with pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in brain samples from Harvard Brain Tissue Resource Center, and with herpesvirus proteins and hepatitis C infection in the Mount Sinai brain samples. Together, the findings suggest that inflammatory stimulisuch as viral infections or age-related cellular stressmight enhance IFITM3 expression, leading to stepped-up production of A.

The findings jibe with the notion that A peptides are rallied to contain microbes (May 2016 news; Jun 2018 news). IFITM3 has been implicated in defense against numerous viruses, including influenza, Zika, and most recently SARS-CoV-2.

This workdirectly linksAproduction with innate immunity and neuroinflammation and provides a novel mechanism as to howA secretion is stimulated in response to an invading pathogen, wrote Huaxi Xu, co-editor in chief at Molecular Neurodegeneration. This not only provides insight intoAs function as an antimicrobial peptide, but also establishes IFITM3 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce A production.

Feel the Burn. Glial cells secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines in response to inflammatory stimuli such as viral infections (left). This enhances IFITM3 expression in neurons and other cells, upping A (middle). A peptides corral microbes, and can accumulate, leading to AD (right). [Courtesy of Hur et al., Nature, 2020.]

Taken together, this broad and deep study suggests that IFITM3 may be a safe target for the treatment of AD, lowering A production without inhibiting Notch signaling, the latter a well-known liability of -secretase inhibitors, commented Michael Wolfe of the University of Kansas in Lawrence.

Li told Alzforum that efforts are already underway to develop IFITM3 inhibitors. In a comment to Alzforum, Weiming Xia of Boston University School of Medicine agreed that this might be a promising therapeutic approach. While efforts have been made to explore other -secretase interacting proteins as therapeutic targets for AD in the past two decades, IFITM3 will likely outperform those previous targets for a number of reasons, mainly anti-inflammation/A dual efficacies, existing potent compounds as candidate IFITM3 inhibitors, and anti-aging potential, he wrote. Tamping down IFITM3 expression with brain-penetrant, anti-inflammatory drugs is one potential strategy, Xia noted. Another is to modify existing small molecule GSMs to thwart IFITM3s binding to PS1.

The identification of a subpopulation of LOAD patients in whom IFITM3 expression strongly correlates with -secretase activity suggests that IFITM3 may be used as a biomarker to stratify AD patients, added Xu.As LOAD is a multifactorial disease, identification of biomarkers for subpopulations of AD is invaluable to studying underlying mechanisms and developing targeted therapeutics.Jessica Shugart

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IFITM3 Forges Link Between Neuroinflammation and A Production - Alzforum

3D Cell Culture Market 2020 by Application (Cancer Research, Stem Cell Research, Drug Discovery, Regererative Medicine), Top Countries Data with…

3D Biotek

Scope of the 3D Cell Culture Market Report:This report focuses on the 3D Cell Culture in global market, especially in North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East and Africa. This report categorizes the market based on manufacturers, regions, type and application.The global 3D cell culture market is relatively concentrated; the sales of top nine manufacturers account about 68.23% of total global Production in 2016. The largest manufacture of 3D cell culture is Thermo Fisher Scientific; its Production is 252.73 K Unit in 2016. The next is Corning and Lonza Group.North America is the largest consumption region of 3D cell culture in 2016. In 2016, the sales of 3D cell culture is about 470 K Unit in North America; its sales proportion of total global sales exceeds 36%.The next is Europe. Asia has a large growth rate of 3D cell culture.Cancer research is currently the most well established application area and accounts for 40.05% of the present 3D culture market. Drug Discovery has also emerged quite popular with 36.25% of the current market share. Stem cells and regenerative medicine together capture a share of 24.08% in the current 3D culture market and would gradually gain focus as the market matures in the field of therapeutics in 2016.The worldwide market for 3D Cell Culture is expected to grow at a CAGR of roughly 13.5% over the next five years, will reach 970 million US$ in 2023, from 510 million US$ in 2020, According to a New Research study.

Get a Sample Copy of the Report:3D Cell Culture Market 2020

Report further studies the market development status and future 3D Cell Culture Market trend across the world. Also, it splits 3D Cell Culture market Segmentation by Type and by Applications to fully and deeply research and reveal market profile and prospects.

Major Classifications are as follows:

Geographically,this report is segmented into severalkey regions, with sales, revenue, market share and growth Rate of 3D Cell Culture in these regions, from 2014 to 2024, covering

This 3D Cell Culture Market Research/Analysis Report Contains Answers to your following Questions

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Major Points from Table of Contents:

1. Market Overview 1.1 3D Cell Culture Introduction 1.2 Market Analysis by Type 1.3 Market Analysis by Applications 1.4 Market Dynamics 1.4.1 Market Opportunities 1.4.2 Market Risk 1.4.3 Market Driving Force

2.Manufacturers Profiles

2.4.1 Business Overview 2.4.2 3D Cell Culture Type and Applications 2.4.2.1 Product A 2.4.2.2 Product B

3.Global 3D Cell Culture Sales, Revenue, Market Share and Competition By Manufacturer (2019-2020)

3.1 Global 3D Cell Culture Sales and Market Share by Manufacturer (2019-2020) 3.2 Global 3D Cell Culture Revenue and Market Share by Manufacturer (2019-2020) 3.3 Market Concentration Rates 3.3.1 Top 3 3D Cell Culture Manufacturer Market Share in 2020 3.3.2 Top 6 3D Cell Culture Manufacturer Market Share in 2020 3.4 Market Competition Trend

4.Global 3D Cell Culture Market Analysis by Regions

4.1 Global 3D Cell Culture Sales, Revenue and Market Share by Regions 4.1.1 Global 3D Cell Culture Sales and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019) 4.1.2 Global 3D Cell Culture Revenue and Market Share by Regions (2014-2019) 4.2 North America 3D Cell Culture Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 4.3 Europe 3D Cell Culture Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 4.4 Asia-Pacific 3D Cell Culture Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 4.6 South America 3D Cell Culture Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019) 4.6 Middle East and Africa 3D Cell Culture Sales and Growth Rate (2014-2019)

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5.3D Cell Culture Market Forecast (2020-2024) 5.1 Global 3D Cell Culture Sales, Revenue and Growth Rate (2020-2024) 5.2 3D Cell Culture Market Forecast by Regions (2020-2024) 5.3 3D Cell Culture Market Forecast by Type (2020-2024) 5.3.1 Global 3D Cell Culture Sales Forecast by Type (2020-2024) 5.3.2 Global 3D Cell Culture Market Share Forecast by Type (2020-2024) 5.4 3D Cell Culture Market Forecast by Application (2020-2024) 5.4.1 Global 3D Cell Culture Sales Forecast by Application (2020-2024) 5.4.2 Global 3D Cell Culture Market Share Forecast by Application (2020-2024)

6.Sales Channel, Distributors, Traders and Dealers 6.1 Sales Channel 6.1.1 Direct Marketing 6.1.2 Indirect Marketing 6.1.3 Marketing Channel Future Trend 6.2 Distributors, Traders and Dealers

7.Research Findings and Conclusion

8.Appendix 8.1 Methodology 8.2 Data Source

Continued..

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Researcher John Craig Venter Is Awarded the 2020 Edogawa-NICHE Prize for His Accomplishment in Human Genome Research – Financialbuzz.com

The Edogawa NICHE Prize for the year 2020 has been awarded to Dr. John Craig Venter for his contribution to research and development pertaining to the Human genome. This honor reflects Dr. Venters lifetime accomplishments in the power of the genomics and specifically in the identification of the human genome which has radically transformed healthcare according to Prof. Gary Levy, chair, Edogawa NICHE awards committee (www.edogawanicheprize.org).

This press release features multimedia. View the full release here: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200814005092/en/

Dr. John Craig Venter, recipient of the 2020 Edogawa NICHE Prize, for his contribution to research and development pertaining to the Human genome. (Photo: Business Wire)

Edogawa NICHE Prize was Instituted in 2018, by the Jinseisha trust, and the Nichi-In Centre for Regenerative Medicine (NCRM), which honours scientists or clinicians whose contributions lead to the development of prevention, diagnosis or treatment of any disease, through an inter-disciplinary approach. Alumni of the Fujio Cup Quiz, a part of NCRM NICHE, (www.ncrmniche.org), have priority for nomination, a unique feature of this prize. Previous awardees include Prof James Till, University of Toronto, Canada for discovery of stem cells (2018) and Dr. Steven Rosenberg, National Institutes of Health, USA for his groundbreaking work on T-lymphocyte immunotherapy (2019).

Dr. Venter was born in Salt Lake City Utah on October 14, 1946. He started his college education at the College of San Mateo, CA and later studied Biochemistry in University of California, San Diego under biochemist Nathan O. Kaplan. After obtaining a PhD in Physiology and Pharmacology from UCSD, he became a Professor at the State University of New York and joined the National Institute of Health in 1984. He has founded Celera Genomics, The Institute of Genomic Research (TIGR), J.Craig Venter Institute (JCVI) and co-founded Human Longevity Inc and Synthetic Genomics.

His path breaking sequencing of the first human genome with the Human Genome Project further progressed to transfecting a cell with a synthetic chromosome, a feat that has opened up opportunities to develop novel solutions not only in healthcare, but also in environmental issues and energy domain.

The awarding of the Edogawa NICHE prize to Dr Venter is the most recent in a string of honors including United States Medal of Science (2008), Gardner Foundation International Award (2002), Paul Erlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Prize (2001) and the King Faisal International Award of Science (2001). He was listed on Time Magazines list of the most influential people in the world.

The award ceremony date will be announced later.

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20200814005092/en/

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Researcher John Craig Venter Is Awarded the 2020 Edogawa-NICHE Prize for His Accomplishment in Human Genome Research - Financialbuzz.com

Every Sumatran rhino has died in Malaysia. Scientists want to bring them back with cloning technology – CNN

Now, Malaysian scientists are hoping to use tissues and cells from Iman and other dead rhinos to bring the population back.

The project, conducted by a team at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), focuses on stem cell technology and in-vitro fertilization. The process is similar to cloning technology, in that it aims to give birth to a new baby using cells from old rhinos, said Dr. Muhammad Lokman Bin Md. Isa, one of the lead researchers.

"Before the three rhinos (the last survivors in Malaysia) died, we got their cells, and the cells are still alive -- which is why I'm quite confident," Dr. Lokman told CNN. "If you don't have any cells, or if we just had tissue that aren't living anymore, we can't do anything with that. We can only put it in a book or museum. But now we have a living thing that we can use."

Here's how the process works: In collaboration with the Borneo Rhino Alliance (BORA), the researchers collected cells and tissue from the last three Sumatran rhinos at BORA's sanctuary -- including Iman -- before each died.

The cells came from the rhinos' hearts, lungs, brains and kidneys. Crucially, the team collected stem cells -- basically, raw material from which cells with specialized functions can be generated.

There are then two possible approaches. The first is to develop these stem cells into an egg and sperm, to create an embryo that will be implanted into a surrogate mother. The surrogate will likely be another rhino, either a Sumatran rhino from another country or another species.

The second method is to take the egg of a surrogate animal, remove the nucleus, and join it with a Sumatran rhino's somatic cell. This technique was famously used to clone Dolly the sheep in 1996.

Lokman and his colleagues are trying both ways.

Because the stem cells self-replicate, the team has a decent stockpile and can try different methods to see which works best.

The team is still in the preliminary stages; next, they need to analyze the cells to create a genomic database, differentiate the stem cells, and work with zoos and conservancies to find a suitable surrogate female. There are a number of ways this could go wrong; the fertilization could fail, and even if it doesn't, the pregnancy could fail once the embryo is implanted.

Iman died at BORA's Borneo Rhino Sanctuary last year, where she had been kept and cared for since her capture in 2014. She was 25, and had cancer, which was starting to cause her pain because a tumor was putting pressure on her bladder.

There are a number of factors that complicated these efforts; the female rhinos at the reserve turned out to be infertile, and plans to set up an international breeding collaboration ultimately failed due to "a series of incidents, some sociopolitical, some biological, and some simply bad luck," said Susie Ellis, executive director of the International Rhino Foundation, in a statement after Tam's death.

With Iman's death, the IRF declared the species extinct in the wild in Malaysia; the remaining rhinos are scattered across Indonesia and Thailand.

The population's decline was initially caused by poaching for their horns, which were coveted as ingredients in traditional Asian medicine. Later, it was exacerbated by fragmented habitats and human encroachment on the environment, which prevent the rhinos from gathering and breeding.

There are now only five remaining rhino species worldwide, and all are threatened. Some sub-species have already vanished; the western black rhino, native to western Africa, was declared extinct in 2013 due to poaching. The last male northern white rhino died last year, which is what pushed scientists to try in-vitro fertilization with Fatu and Najin.

The rest is here:
Every Sumatran rhino has died in Malaysia. Scientists want to bring them back with cloning technology - CNN

Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market 2020 Overview by Market Size, Share, Growth Rate, Products and Recent Developments, Forecast till 2023 – The Daily…

MOLECULIN BIOTECH

Market Dynamics :

> Drivers INCREASING ADOPTION OF STEM CELL TECHNOLOGY INCREASING PREVALENCE OF CHRONIC DISEASES EMERGING APPLICATIONS OF GENE THERAPY IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE (STEM CELL, TISSUE ENGINEERING, AND NANOTECHNOLOGY) HIGH INVESTMENT & FUNDING TO SUPPORT DEVELOPMENT OF RM

> Restraints HIGH COST OF TREATMENT AND LESS AWARENESS REGULATORY AND ETHICAL ISSUES PERTAINING STEM CELL, TISSUES ENGINEERING AND REGENERATIVE MEDICINE

> OPPORTUNITIES

> KEY CHALLENGES

Based On Biological Analysis Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market Report Covers Consumption Volume Analysis, Sales Volume, Performance and Share, Sales Price and Sales Revenue Analysis of Regions:

US,Canada,Mexico,France,UK,Germany,Italy,Spain,Rest of Europe,India,China,Japan,Australia,Japan,Rest of APAC,GCC,South Africa,Rest of Middle East and Africa,Brazil,Argentina,Rest of South America

Key Developments in the Market:: > In January, 2018 iTeos Therapeutics has regained rights to its Phase 1 brain cancer drug from Pfizer, and plans to continue oncology development. > In December, 2017, Diffusion Pharmaceuticals (DFFN) Launches Phase 3 Trial for Glioblastoma

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Important Questions Answered in the Report:

Highlighted points of Market Report:

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Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market Covers Following Points in TOC:

Chapter 1: Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market Definition

Chapter 2: Research Methodology of Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market

Chapter 3: Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market Executive Summary

Chapter 4: Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market Overview Includes Current Market Scenario, Porters Five Forces Analysis, Bargaining Power of Suppliers and Consumers, Threat of New Entrants and Substitute Product and Services

Chapter 5: Market Dynamics Covers Drivers, Restraints, Opportunities and Challenges

Chapter 6: Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market Segmentation by Types, End-User, and Applications Forecast to 2023

Chapter 7: Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market Segmentation by Geographical Regions

Chapter 8: Competitive Landscape of Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market Includes Mergers & Acquisition Analysis, Agreements, Collaborations, and Partnerships, New Products Launches

Chapter 9: Key Players for Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market

For Detailed TOC Click Here

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Brain Tumor Therapeutics Market 2020 Overview by Market Size, Share, Growth Rate, Products and Recent Developments, Forecast till 2023 - The Daily...