Stem Cell Clinic

Volumetric Bioprinting: The New Paradigm in Regenerative Medicine – Advanced Science News

By Stem Cell Medical Center

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Creating an object from a scratch: not just an illusion, but a reality. Nowadays, there is a way to turn your ideas into three-dimensional objects and here, the magic word is 3D printing.

This technique, also called additive manufacturing, consistsofn successive layer-by-layer depositions of material which, all together, form the desired object. Contrary to conventional techniques, 3D printing allows the manufacturing of complex shapes using a small amount of material and reduced number of fabrication steps.

With the term 3D printing, we usually refer to technologies which use polymers, resins and molten metals as printing material to produce three-dimensional objects. However, over the last 30 years, this concept has developed toward new horizons, leading to the production of 3D artificial bio tissues which resemble the architecture and function of native ones. In this case, when used to deposit living cells layer-by-layer, we talk more specifically about 3D bioprinting.

Nowadays, the most common technologies for 3D bioprinting are based on approaches such as extrusion printing, stereolithography, laser-based methods, and melt electrowriting. These technologies have the ability to accurately control the spatial orchestration of multiple cell types and biomaterials in an automated patterning process. However, they also present some disadvantages, e.g., the difficulties in reproducing convoluted geometries, which in fact are typical of native tissues. Moreover, a severe restriction is represented by long printing times when large, physiological-sized constructs need to be fabricated. This characteristic also affects the large-scale production of artificial tissues, thus limiting the adoption of 3D bioprinting at an industrial level.

In order to overcome these limitations, Prof. Riccardo Levato of the University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands, and Prof. Christophe Moser of cole Polytechnique Fdral Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland, have proposed a new strategy for the 3D bioprinting. In their recently published article they present a Volumetric Bioprinting (VBP) approach to create any convoluted free-form geometry with unprecedented speed of fabrication.

This method takes inspiration from the principle of computed tomographycommonly used in medical imagingalthough in reverse. In VBP, a cell-friendly visible laser light is used to cast multiple tomographic projections onto a light-sensitive hydrogel embedding stem cells.Although the whole volume is photo-exposed, the composition of these projections creates a 3D light field that provides enough energy to crosslink the hydrogel only in correspondence to the desired design. This results in a 3D construct, floating in the host hydrogel, which can be realized in the time frame of a few tens of seconds.

Contrary to other bioprinting technologies, e.g., stereolithography, which works in the time scale of hours to produce clinically-relevant sized (> cm3) structures, VBP thus permits the fabrication of living tissue constructs with analogous dimensions and complex 3D architectures by strongly reducing the fabrication times. As a consequence, VBP not only leads to high mimicry of the architecture of human tissues, but it preserves cells by minimizing the time outside of their optimal culture environment.

Given the freedom to print any complex geometry, anatomical, patient-specific grafts with unprecedented precision and short fabrications times, VBP lends itself to be the new paradigm of regenerative medicine, also paving the way for the scaling-up of tissue production. Thanks to these characteristics, Prof. Levato and Prof. Moser expect this approach will find application in many fields also outside tissue engineering, even including soft robotics. As they claimed, We expect Volumetric Bioprinting technology to be part of the bioprinting toolkit that will one day create fully functional organs.

In the future, the authors aim to further improve VBP technology by addressing the structural function of load bearing tissues, developing new materials and fully matching the function between their biofabricated tissues and the native ones. This sounds promising to us: we are looking forward to seeing new developments!

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Volumetric Bioprinting: The New Paradigm in Regenerative Medicine - Advanced Science News

Heres what you might have missed from the week in business – The Boston Globe

By Stem Cell Medical Center

PRIYANKA DAYAL MCCLUSKEY

A group of leading Boston-area universities, hospitals, and corporations will create a new center for bio-manufacturing and innovation in or near the city, Harvard University said Monday, and hopes to have the facility up and running by 2022 or even 2021 in an effort to protect the areas leadership in the life sciences. That leadership is threatened by severe bottlenecks in bio-manufacturing, said Harvard officials, who spent two years canvassing experts on what Massachusetts needs to do to keep promoting biotech in both academia and industry. Bio-manufacturing refers to growing vast quantities of human cells, including genetically engineered ones and those produced from stem cells; strands of genetic material that can be used to treat diseases; and other biological molecules. A bio-manufacturing facility opened at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in 2018, but the $35 million, 30,000-square-foot cell-manufacturing space became oversubscribed almost immediately. Dana-Farber is among the initial partners in the planned facility, for which the organizers have $50 million in commitments to cover design, construction, and early operation. The others include, besides Harvard, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Fujifilm Diosynth Biotechnologies, GE Healthcare Life Science, Alexandria Real Estate Equities, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston Childrens Hospital, Brigham and Womens Hospital, and Massachusetts General Hospital.

SHARON BEGLEY, STAT

One of the business pioneers of the Seaport District appears ready to grow in a new corner of the burgeoning neighborhood. Vertex Pharmaceuticals is poised to lease a building under construction in the Raymond L. Flynn Marine Industrial Park, the biotechnology company said this week. A lease has not been finalized, but Vertex and development firm Related Beal are in advanced talks for 256,000 square feet of space at Innovation Square, a lab and office project Related is building on Tide Street. Vertex would use it as a research and manufacturing facility for genetic and cellular therapies, a key part of the companys push into treatments for diseases beyond cystic fibrosis, which has long been its main focus. Earlier this year, the drug maker bought Watertown-based Exonics, which is developing gene therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and Semma Therapeutics, which is working on medicines for type 1 diabetes. Vertex also is moving forward in clinical trials of gene editing treatments.

TIM LOGAN

The company that owns the A.C. Moore chain of arts supply stores is leaving the industry and is planning to shut down all of its estimated 145 stores, which includes 12 in Eastern Massachusetts and on Cape Cod. At the same time that Nicole Crafts announced its departure plans, it also said the operator of the Michaels chain of arts and crafts stores will assume the leases in as many as 40 current A.C. Moore locations. The companies did not immediately lay out a timetable for the A.C. Moore closures, nor did Michaels identify the stores it will be taking over, remodeling, and then reopening next year. Nicole Crafts chief executive Anthony Piperno said in a statement that the stores will remain open for the time being, but the company will no longer accept online orders as of Monday.

JOHN R. ELLEMENT

The path is now clear for mobile sports betting to begin in New Hampshire in January. The New Hampshire Executive Council approved a contract on Monday between Boston-based DraftKings and the New Hampshire Lottery. A deal in the future with another sports betting operator such as FanDuel is not out of the question, but DraftKings emerged as the winner of a competitive bidding process in which New Hampshire preferred DraftKings app, implementation timeline, and the 51 percent gaming revenues it will hand over to the state. In the spring, municipalities will decide whether or not to open physical sports books in their towns. New Hampshire sports bettors will have to be 18 years or older, and they will not be permitted to bet on New Hampshire college teams or on any college games being played in New Hampshire. DraftKings will open an office in the Granite State.

MICHAEL SILVERMAN

For Belmont-raised Margaret Low, its a doubly sweet homecoming. WBUR-FM said Monday that the former NPR executive, who most recently ran The Atlantics events business, would take over in mid-January as its CEO and general manager. Its a high-profile hire for the Boston radio station after a period of turmoil. Low, 61, has spent much of her career in Washington, D.C. Now she is returning to the region she moved away from shortly after college, and to the public radio world she left in 2014 after a 25-year stint with NPR. WBUR said that Lows extensive news skills combined with business success at The Atlantic magazines events division made her the ideal choice to lead the station as it confronts challenges in the fast-moving media industry. Low also will have to manage the stations sometimes contentious relationship with Boston University, which owns WBURs broadcast license and whose decisions have at times frustrated management and staff. Her hiring comes eight months after WBUR parted ways with general manager Charlie Kravetz, who significantly expanded the station during his eight years at the helm, including its move into podcasting and the opening of CitySpace, its local programming venue. Kravetz was highly regarded but took a hit for his handling of Tom Ashbrook, who was forced out as host of the nationally syndicated show On Point after a review found he had created a hostile work environment. Kravetzs departure followed a February vote by about 100 workers to unionize amid complaints about the work environment.

LARRY EDELMAN

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Heres what you might have missed from the week in business - The Boston Globe

Phase 2 Trial Data on ALS NurOwn Therapy, Supporting Safety And Early Efficacy, Published – ALS News Today

By Stem Cell Treatment

NurOwn showed a good safety profile, as well as potential efficacy in a Phase 2 clinical trial that included people with rapidly progressing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).

Trial results, which have been previously reported, have now been published in the journalNeurology in a paper titled, NurOwn, phase 2, randomized, clinical trial in patients with ALS.

NurOwn, which is being developed by BrainStorm Cell Therapeutics, is a stem cell-based therapy. It involves taking mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of cell capable of differentiating into other cell types, from a person.

These MSCs are modified so they produce more neurotrophic factors (NTFs) compounds that help drive the growth and survival of nervous tissue. The cells are then re-introduced to the body by injection into muscles and/or the spinal canal (termed intramuscular and intrathecal injection, respectively).

In the Phase 2 trial (NCT02017912), which was funded by BrainStorm, 48 people with ALS were enrolled; 36 were treated with NurOwn, and 12 were given a placebo. Participants received the treatment after a three-month pretransplant period, and were followed for six months after treatment.

The participants were predominantly (72.9%) male, and their average age was 51.1 years.

The studys primary goal of the study was to evaluate safety, measured by number of patients with adverse events to treatment, and this goal was met. The use of NurOwn was found to be safe and well-tolerated.

Eleven participants nine in the treatment group and two in the placebo group developed 16 serious adverse events (SAEs).

All treatment-emergent SAEs [those that occurred after start of treatment] were deemed to be related to ALS disease progression, and none was considered possibly, probably, or definitely related to study treatment, the researchers noted.

Data were also analyzed for early indications of treatment efficacy. Researchers specifically looked at rate of disease progression, as measured by the slope (that is, the change over time) in scores on the Revised ALS Functional Rating Scale (ALSFRS-R).

Overall, these rates were not significantly different between the NurOwn-treated and placebo groups.

However, in a subset of 21 patients with particularly rapid disease progression (15 given NurOwn and six a placebo), the average rate of disease progression showed a significantly improvement at two weeks (+3.3 vs. 1.3) and four weeks (+2.0 vs. 0.1) following treatment for those that got NurOwn.

Rapid progressors were defined in this study, at enrollment, as those with a decline of more than 2 points in ALSFRS-R scores during the pretreatment period.

This positive trend continued for all study time points, but it was not statistically significant after four weeks.

The researchers also looked at the proportion of patients with an improvement of at least 1.5 points each month, based on the reasoning that, responder analyses may more accurately capture individual treatment responses than changes in mean slope alone. That is, because each individual with ALS is different, some might be more likely to respond to treatment than others.

At four weeks post-treatment, a significantly greater proportion of those given NurOwn compared to placebo met this responder threshold (47% vs. 9%). In the rapid progression group, there were significant differences at both week four and week twelve (80% vs. 0%, and 53% vs. 0%, respectively).

For all of the above efficacy measurements, the greatest response was seen shortly following the injection, with decreasing response over time. This may suggest the need for repeated treatments to maintain a sustained therapeutic effect, the researchers wrote.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was collected just before and two weeks after the injection. Analysis of this fluid, broadly, showed an increase in levels of NTFs and a decrease in inflammatory markers, which suggests that NurOwn works as intended. (CSFfluid surrounds the brain and spinal cord.)

Specifically, the levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), a marker of immune cell infiltration and neuroinflammation, were significantly lower post-treatment in patients given NurOwn, while no significant change was observed in the placebo group. This correlated with ALSFRS-R slope improvement at all time points.

[W]e observed a clear biological effect of the treatment on CSF biomarkers to support its proposed mechanism of action in ALS, Robert H. Brown Jr., PhD, MD, of the University of Massachusetts Medical School and a study co-author, said in a BrainStorm press release.

We met our primary endpoint and demonstrated that a single dose of NurOwn was safe and well-tolerated while supporting NurOwns mechanism of action on neuroprotection and neuroinflammation pathways in ALS, added Ralph Kern, MD, MHSc, chief operating officer and chief medical officer of BrainStorm.

We look forward to completing the current Phase 3 study to confirm the promising Phase 2 findings and expand our understanding of the potential of MSC-NTF cell therapy in ALS, Kern added.

A fully enrolled, placebo-controlled Phase 3 study (NCT03280056) is underway in the U.S. in 200 ALS patients, and a secondary safety analysis found no new concerns. The trial is expected to conclude in late 2020, with results announced shortly thereafter.

Results from the [Phase 2] study underscore the importance of conducting a larger Phase 3 clinical trial that will build upon the data collected in our Phase 2 study, said Chaim Lebovits, Brainstorms president and chief executive officer. We look forward to reporting our clinical results in the scientific literature and through corporate announcements.

Marisa holds an MS in Cellular and Molecular Pathology from the University of Pittsburgh, where she studied novel genetic drivers of ovarian cancer. She specializes in cancer biology, immunology, and genetics. Marisa began working with BioNews in 2018, and has written about science and health for SelfHacked and the Genetics Society of America. She also writes/composes musicals and coaches the University of Pittsburgh fencing club.

Total Posts: 279

Margarida graduated with a BS in Health Sciences from the University of Lisbon and a MSc in Biotechnology from Instituto Superior Tcnico (IST-UL). She worked as a molecular biologist research associate at a Cambridge UK-based biotech company that discovers and develops therapeutic, fully human monoclonal antibodies.

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Phase 2 Trial Data on ALS NurOwn Therapy, Supporting Safety And Early Efficacy, Published - ALS News Today

Harnessing Gamma T Cells To Bring Effective Therapies to Patients – Technology Networks

By Stem Cell Treatment

GammaDelta Therapeutics is a company that focusses on utilizing the unique properties of gamma delta () T cells to develop novel immunotherapies for patients.Through their research, the companys scientists have discovered a number of targets and antibodies that have the potential to modulate the activity of T-cells in situ. Therefore, GammaDelta Therapeutics recently announced the formation of Adaptate Biotherapeutics, a spin-out company that will focus on research in this area.

Technology Networks spoke with Natalie Mount, CEO of Adaptate BioTherapeutics, to learn more about the company's aims and the challenges faced when developing immunotherapies and advancing them into clinical studies.

Molly Campbell (MC) Please can you tell us more about T-cell based cell therapy products and their potential applications?Natalie Mount (NM): T cells play an increasingly appreciated critical role in immune surveillance, being able to recognize malignant/transformed cells through a pattern of stress markers. The recognition mechanism is not major histocompatibility complex (MHC) restricted and not dependent on a single antigen.

T cells therefore have potential in a range of disease indications, including both hematological and solid malignancies and a positive correlation between T cell infiltration and prognosis/survival in patients has been determined in a range of oncology indications in studies published in the literature by other groups. Additionally, as a cell therapy, T cells can be used in an allogeneic setting (ie, T cells can be used for unrelated recipients without a requirement for matching).

Both Adaptate Biotherapeutics and GammaDelta Therapeutics are focussed on harnessing the potential of T cells, in particular the V1 subtype which is the predominant T cell type in tissue.This is based on data originating from the labs of Professor Adrian Hayday of Kings College London and the Crick Institute, supported by Cancer Research Technology and also from Professor Bruno Silva Santos of Institute for Molecular Medicine at the University of Lisbon, Portugal.

Previous clinical trials conducted by other groups/companies targeting or using T cells in cancer have focussed on the V2 subtype which is predominant in the blood. These trials have demonstrated safety, but efficacy has been limited.Compared to V2 cells, V1 cells, which are the focus of work at Adaptate Biotherapeutics and GammaDelta Therapeutics, are less susceptible to exhaustion and activation induced cell death. Expansion of donor derived V1 has been shown to be a positive prognostic indicator for acute myeloid leukemia patients following hematopoietic stem cell transplant.

MC: Why are current immunotherapy treatment approaches limited?NM: Immunotherapy approaches have had very significant success and impact in Oncology recently, however, challenges and unmet needs remain.One challenge is effective treatment of solid tumors. The hypoxic, low nutrient tumor environment provides a challenge for successful infiltration and activation of T cells. However, V1 T cells have real potential as they are naturally tissue resident and hence primed for this environment. In addition, their ability to recognize malignant cells by a pattern of markers expressed by dysregulated, transformed cells rather than one specific antigen presented by the MHC provides an additional advantage for both specificity of response and maintenance of efficacy.

T cells act as orchestrators of an immune response and, following recognition of a cell as malignant, they induce maturation of monocytes and signal to alpha beta T cells, hence increasing immunogenicity of the tumor and providing a sustained response, with potential even in tumors with low mutational load which have proven challenging with other immunotherapies.

MC: The new spin-out company, Adaptate Biotherapeutics, will build on GammaDelta's knowledge to modulate T-cell activity using therapeutic antibodies. Why have you decided to create a spin-out focusing on this area of research?NM: GammaDelta Therapeutics was formed in 2016 to harness the unique properties of T cells, and since then has gained extensive knowledge of T-cell biology. In addition to gaining insight into cell growth and isolation, the companys scientists have also discovered a number of targets and antibodies that have potential to modulate the activity of T-cells in situ.

GammaDelta Therapeutics now has a pipeline of cell therapy products progressing into clinical development under the guidance of CEO, Dr Paolo Paoletti.

Adaptate Biotherapeutics will be developing antibodies which will be administered to cancer patients to modulate activity of the patient's gamma delta T cells in situ.

Delivery of cell therapy and antibody therapeutics each needs focus and specific skillsets and formation of two independent entities will facilitate this. The two companies share a common goal to harness the potential of T cells to bring effective therapies to patients. Both benefit from support of the scientific founding team and have common investors, Abingworth and Takeda Pharmaceuticals.MC; Your goal is to develop targets and antibodies that can modulate the activity of T-cells and advance them into clinical studies. What challenges exist here, and how do you hope to overcome them?

Our assets at Adaptate Biotherapeutics are currently at the pre-clinical stage and therefore face the non-clinical development risks for a novel therapy. However, these risks are mitigated by biology understanding from our scientific founders and the work at GammaDelta Therapeutics to date.

One of our challenges is in selecting the most suitable patient population for initial trials. There is potential for opportunity for our therapeutics in multiple indications but the utility of animal models in modelling the human immune compartment and human tumor setting is limited. Therefore in vitro and ex vivo models are important, in addition to the learnings from other clinical studies.

MC: GammaDelta Therapeutics formed in 2016 to gain extensive knowledge of T-cell biology and to developing a portfolio of investigational cell therapies. Some of these cell therapies are poised to enter clinical development. Can you tell us any further information about these therapies?NM: GammaDelta was set up to develop cell-based therapy utilizing ex-vivo expanded tissue resident gd T cells. Subsequent acquisition of Lymphact SAS allowed GammaDelta to augment its capabilities with a platform for ex-vivo expansion of blood derived V1 cells. GammaDelta is focussed on progressing ex-vivo expanded skin and blood derived V1 cells to the clinic both in unengineered and engineered formats. Clinical trials are currently on track to commence in the next 12-18 months.

MC: Your press release states: "The two companies will continue sharing their insights into T-cell biology as they work towards developing different therapeutic modalities". How will you continue to share insights here?NM: Antibodies and cells represent complementary approaches to realizing the potential of T cell activity for patients with solid and haematological malignancies.

The two companies will work together in areas of common interest in the biology of these fascinating cells, such as understanding the phenotype and behavior of T cells in tumors and mechanisms of cell regulation as well as the effects of antibody on the T cells.

We have deliberately established a contractual framework that allows efficient collaboration between scientists of both the companies via formal and informal meetings.

MC: What are your hopes for the future of Adaptate Biotherapeutics?NM: This is a remarkable time in the development of new immune therapies, and the role of "non-conventional" cell types of the immune system is coming to the fore as we recognize the successes achieved to date and the needs of patients and related scientific challenges that remain.

Both GammaDelta Therapeutics and Adaptate Biotherapeutics are at the lead of translating our increasing understanding of T cell biology and its potential into therapies to address these unmet needs.

Adaptate Biotherapeutics has a fantastic opportunity to build and accelerate a portfolio of antibody-based approaches in this novel area and I look forward to the successful translation of this science into therapies with the support of our investors at Abingworth and Takeda Pharmaceuticals.

Dr Natalie Mount, CEO of Adaptate Biotherapeutics was speaking with Molly Campbell, Science Writer, Technology Networks.

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Harnessing Gamma T Cells To Bring Effective Therapies to Patients - Technology Networks

How Flight Feathers Evolved: Study of Chickens, Ostriches, Penguins, Ducks and Eagles – SciTechDaily

By Stell Cell Research

This picture shows a spirited flying Taiwan Blue Magpie displaying a full array of flight feathers in action. Credit: Shao Huan Lang

If you took a careful look at the feathers on a chicken, youd find many different forms within the same birdeven within a single feather. The diversity of feather shapes and functions expands vastly when you consider the feathers of birds ranging from ostriches to penguins to hummingbirds. Now, researchers reporting in the journal Cell on November 27, 2019, have taken a multidisciplinary approach to understanding how all those feathers get made.

We always wonder how birds can fly and in different ways, says corresponding author Cheng-Ming Chuong of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles. Some soar like eagles, while others require rapid flapping of wings like hummingbirds. Some birds, including ostriches and penguins, dont fly at all.

This picture shows a the asymmetric vane and tapering main shaft of a single flight feather from a goshawk. Credit: Hao Howard Wu and Wen Tau Juan

Such differences in flight styles are largely due to the characteristics of their flight feathers, Chuong adds. We wanted to learn how flight feathers are made so we can understand nature better and learn principles of bioinspired architecture.

In the new study, the researchers put together a multidisciplinary team to look at feathers in many different ways, from their biophysical properties to the underlying molecular biology that allows their formation from stem cells in the skin. They examined the feathers of flightless ostriches, short-distance flying chickens, soaring ducks and eagles, and high-frequency flying sparrows. They studied the extremes by including hummingbirds and penguins. To better understand how feathers have evolved and changed over evolutionary time, the team also looked to feathers that are nearly 100 million years old, found embedded and preserved in amber in Myanmar.

Based on their findings, the researchers explain that feathers modular structure allowed birds to adapt over evolutionary time, helping them to succeed in the many different environments in which birds live today. Their structure also allows for the specialization of feathers in different parts of an individual birds body.

The flight feather is made of two highly adaptable architectural modules: the central shaft, or rachis, and the peripheral vane. The rachis is a composite beam made of a porous medulla that keeps feathers light surrounded by a rigid cortex that adds strength. Their studies show that these two components of the rachis allow for highly flexible designs that enabled to fly or otherwise get around in different ways. The researchers also revealed the underlying molecular signals, including Bmp and Ski, that guide the development of those design features.

Attached to the rachis is the feather vane. The vane is the part of the feather made up of many soft barbs that zip together. The researchers report that the vane develops using principles akin to paper cutting. As such, a single epithelial sheet produces a series of diverse, branched designs with individual barbs, each bearing many tiny hooklets that hold the vane together into a plane using a Velcro-like mechanism. Their studies show that gradients in another signaling pathway (Wnt2b) play an important role in the formation of those barbs.

To look back in time, the researchers studied recently discovered amber fossils, allowing them to explore delicate, three-dimensional feather structures. Their studies show that ancient feathers had the same basic architecture but with more primitive characteristics. For instance, adjacent barbs formed the vane with overlapping barbules, without the Velcro-like, hooklet mechanism found in living birds.

Weve learned how a simple skin can be transformed into a feather, how a prototypic feather structure can be transformed into downy, contour, or flight feathers, and how a flight feather can be modulated to adapt to different flight modes required for different living environments, Chuong says. In every corner and at different morphological scales, we were amazed at how the elegant adaption of the prototype architecture can help different birds to adapt to different new environments.

The researchers say that, in addition to helping to understand how birds have adapted over time, they hope these bioinspired architectural principles theyve uncovered can be useful in future technology design. They note that composite materials of the future could contribute toward the construction of light but robust flying drones, durable and resilient wind turbines, or better medical implants and prosthetic devices.

Team co-leader and biophysicist Wen Tau Juan of the Integrative Stem Cell Center of China Medical University Hospital, Taiwan, has already begun to explore the application of feather-inspired architectural principles in bio-material design. The team also hopes to learn even more about the molecular signals that allow the formation of such complex feather structures from epidermal stem cells that all start out the same.

###

Reference: The Making of a Flight Feather: Bio-architectural Principles and Adaptation by Wei-Ling Chang, Hao Wu, Yu-Kun Chiu, Shuo Wang, Ting-Xin Jiang, Zhong-Lai Luo, Yen-Cheng Lin, Ang Li, Jui-Ting Hsu, Heng-Li Huang, How-Jen Gu, Tse-Yu Lin, Shun-Min Yang, Tsung-Tse Lee, Yung-Chi Lai, Mingxing Lei, Ming-You Shie, Cheng-Te Yao, Yi-Wen Chen, J.C. Tsai, Shyh-Jou Shieh, Yeu-Kuang Hwu, Hsu-Chen Cheng, Pin-Chi Tang, Shih-Chieh Hung, Chih-Feng Chen, Michael Habib, Randall B. Widelitz, Ping Wu, Wen-Tau Juan and Cheng-Ming Chuong, 27 November 2019, Cell.DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.11.008

This work was supported by the ISCC, CMUH, Taiwan, the Drug Development Center, CMU, Higher Education Sprout Project, Ministry of Education (HESP-MOE), and grants from the National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, iEGG/Avian Genetic Resource/ABC supported by HESP-MOE, the Human Frontier Science Program, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, Academia Sinica Research Program on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Top Notch Project, NCKU, and a University Advancement grant by MOE, Taiwan.

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How Flight Feathers Evolved: Study of Chickens, Ostriches, Penguins, Ducks and Eagles - SciTechDaily

Global Stem Cell Banking Market with Geographic Segmentation, Demand by Regions, Statistical Forecast and Competitive Landscape Research upto…

By Stell Cell Research

The Latest forecast study by the Global Markerters.biz has publicized a new report on Global Stem Cell Banking Market, forecasting the analysis from 2019-2026. The report embraces various factors including the overall growth dynamics, market estimation, development prospects across different geographies, and competitive analysis. The preliminary part of the report give a syntactic representation of the market summary, specification, product definition, and objectives.

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Placental Stem Cells (PSCs)Human Embryo-derived Stem Cells (HESCs)Bone Marrow-derived Stem Cells (BMSCs)Adipose Tissue-derived Stem Cells (ADSCs)Dental Pulp-derived Stem Cells (DPSCs)Other Stem Cell Sources

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Personalized Banking ApplicationsClinical ApplicationsHematopoietic DisordersAutoimmune DisordersOther DiseasesResearch ApplicationsDisease Treatment StudiesLife Science ResearchDrug Discovery

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Global Stem Cell Banking Market with Geographic Segmentation, Demand by Regions, Statistical Forecast and Competitive Landscape Research upto...

Global Parkinsons Disease Treatment Market 2019 Analysis by Industry Growth, Size, Share, Trends and Forecast by 2025 – Eastlake Times

By Gene Therapy Clinics

Global Parkinsons Disease Treatment Market 2019-2025 Overview

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Global Parkinsons disease treatment market is anticipated to experience the substantial growth during the forecast period. Growth in the occurrence of the Parkinsons diseases is projected to supplement the growth of global Parkinsons disease treatment market in the coming future. In addition, the combined treatments supporting in the long action of constant dopaminergic stimulation medicines, neural transplantation and gene therapy is expected to fuel the Parkinsons disease treatment market growth.

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Parkinsons disorder is a neurological disorder affecting the movements of body. There are five stages of this disease and can hamper the individuals leg & hand movements, facial expressions getting worse with the growing age. Increase in the elderly population related to the rise in the investments in the activities of research & development, growth in the awareness for healthcare and the neurological disorders are the factors driving the global Parkinsons disease treatment market growth over the forecast period. On the other hand, due to the presence of the other treatments is hampering the Parkinsons disease treatment market growth.

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Current developments in the Parkinsons disease treatment, for example, combined treatment to continue the effect of constant dopaminergic stimulation medicines, gene therapy, neural transplantation, neuroprotective treatment to reduce the disease prediction and support for the neurostimulation tools are estimated to provide large development in the global Parkinsons disease treatment market growth during the forecast period. Moreover, major characteristics that are fueling the requirement and demand for the global parkinsons disease treatment market are prevalence of parkinsons disease and growth in the geriatric population. Two important characteristics that are responsible to boost the Parkinsons disease treatment market development are prevalence of the neurodegenerative syndrome and rise in the elderly population. Although, increase in the medicines in the pipeline and growth in the R&D activities are anticipated to surge the Parkinsons disease treatment market size. In addition, lack of skills for the early diagnosis and large spending on treatment is projected to bolster the development of global Parkinsons disease treatment market.

Key factor driving the growth of Parkinsons disease treatment market is the growth in the acceptance of the treatment for Parkinson disease in healthcare sector. For treating and detecting the dysfunctioning of the human beings central nervous system and the neurological damage because of lack of cells and nerves are the main function of Parkinsons disease treatment market.

Global Parkinsons disease treatment market is segmented into end-use, distribution channel, drug class and region. Based on end-use, market is divided into clinics and hospitals. On the basis of distribution channel, market is divided into retail pharmacies, online pharmacies and hospital. On considering the drug class, market is divided into MAO inhibitors, Levopoda/ Carbidopa and Dopamine Receptor Agonists.

Geographically, regions involved in the development of Parkinsons disease treatment market growth are Europe, North America and Asia Pacific. Asia Pacific is anticipated to show the rapid growth because of the increase in the trend of medical tourism and medical infrastructure. North America holds the largest

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Parkinsons disease treatment market share. Europe is dominating the Parkinsons disease treatment market because of the maximum market revenue in the coming years.

Key players involved in the Parkinsons disease treatment market analysis are Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, Novartis AG, Impax Laboratories and GlaxoSmithKline.

Key Segments in the Global Parkinsons Disease Treatment Market are-

By End-Use, market is segmented into:

By Distribution Channel, market is segmented into:

By Drug Class, market is segmented into:

By Regions market is segmented into:

What to expect from the Global Parkinsons Disease Treatment Market report?

Predictions of future made for this market during the forecast period.

Information on the current technologies, trends, devices, procedures, and products in the industry.

Detailed analysis of the market segmentation, depending on the types, devices, and products.

Government regulations and economic factors affecting the growth of the market.

An insight into the leading manufacturers.

Regional demographics of the market.

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Venture capitalists, Investors, financial institutions, Analysts, Government organizations, regulatory authorities, policymakers ,researchers, strategy managers, and academic institutions looking for insights into the market to determine future strategies

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Global Parkinsons Disease Treatment Market 2019 Analysis by Industry Growth, Size, Share, Trends and Forecast by 2025 - Eastlake Times

Medicine of the future: cell technologies in Ukraine – Interfax-Ukraine

By Stem Cell Medicine

How to score a decisive penalty to the disease? A football-player Andrii Shevchenko tells own experience of stem cell treatment

December 3rd, the Institute of Cell Therapy will present in Kiev the first results of the placental stem cells clinical trials in Ukraine in a partnership with the Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of NAMS of Ukraine and Kiev Clinical Hospital 6. This time the specialists will focus attention on such prevalent diseases as knee joints arthrosis and joints injuries, in particular in professional athletes. Andrii Shevchenko, a legendary football-player and trainer of the national team of Ukraine will participate in the press-conference.

Cell therapy is an innovative, extremely promising method of diseases and injuries treatment, that allows to restore damaged tissues of the body with the help of the new cells, the stem cells. Stem cells have a unique capability to transform into all types of tissues and cells of the body, in particular the cells of blood, liver, myocardium, cartilaginous or nervous tissue. Courtesy of this they restore damaged organs and their functions.

Knee arthrosis is called the disease of the piano players and athletes. The most frequently this disease affects people, whose body is exposed to the extreme loadings, in particular athletes. The females and males, aged over 50, are also in the risk group, from which almost one third is diagnosed the arthrosis of knee joints. This disease is accompanied by the severe pain, limitations at walking and sometimes even by the total inability to move.

The result of the clinical trials, conducted by the Institute of Cell Therapy in the partnership with the Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of NAMS of Ukraine and Kiev Clinical Hospital 6 should become the opportunity to use cell therapy for knee arthrosis treatment, improve of the life quality of the patients, suffering from this pathology as well as to avoid or postpone the surgery on knee joint replacement for the artificial one. Stem cells are used worldwide for the treatment of approximately 100 severe diseases, in some disorders this is the only effective method of therapy.

Institute of Cell Therapy is a hightechnological medical institution, specializing on research, medical services and has the own Centre of Science with a Laboratory for Placenta Stem Cells. The Institute already has the experience of clinical trials performance on cell and tissue drugs, after completion of which the Ministry of Health of Ukraine issued a permission for the use of the tested technology of manufacturing and application of cell/tissue preparations, in particular for the treatment of pancreonecrosis and disorders of lower limbs peripheral arteries with the umbilical cord blood stem cells and autologous adipose tissue.

Today 4 clinical trials on the use of cell and tissue therapy methods are on the final stage and other 4 trials are going on.

The press-conference, devoted to the innovative approach in the therapy of knee joint using placenta stem cells will take place on December 3rd at 11 am at the address: Medical campus, Liubomyr Husar (Kosmonaut Komarov avenue, 3, Institute of Cell Therapy.

Participants of the press-conference are:

1. Mykola Sokolov, MD, PhD, Chief Doctor of the Institute of Cell Therapy, leading specialist in cell technologies.

2. Volodymyr Shablii, PhD, Deputy CEO of the Stem Cells Bank, Chief of the Laboratory for Placenta Stem Cells of the Institute of Cell Therapy. Member of the International Placenta Stem Cell Society.

3. Ievgen Golyuk, MD, PhD, Chief of the Scientific and Practical Centre of Tissue and Cell Therapy of the state institution Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine.

4. Roman Birsa, MD, a physician of the highest qualification category, orthopedist-traumatologist of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Kiev City Clinical Hospital 6.5. Petro Nemtinov, MD, PhD, a senior researcher of the Coordination Centre of Transplantation of Organs, Tissues and Cells of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine.

Special guest: Andrii Shevchenko, a legendary football player, the chief trainer of the national football team of Ukraine.

Accreditation of journalists is mandatory: office@med-info.com.ua; tel. 098 20 47 59

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Medicine of the future: cell technologies in Ukraine - Interfax-Ukraine

Stem Cell Therapy May Improve Heart Health In New Ways – TheHealthMania

By Stem Cell Medicine

Recently, a new study that appears in the journal Nature, focuses on stem cell therapy and shows unexpected ways in which it may be helpful in recovering the health of the heart. Stem cell therapy has become popular in the past few years due to its benefits for a big number of health conditions.

Currently, there is major ongoing research on stem cells since they are responsible for the regeneration of new cells and may play a fundamental role in understanding the development of a variety of different diseases as well as their potential treatments.

Some of the recent discoveries of medical science include using stem cells as regenerative medicine as they can be turned into particular types of cells that may be able to replace tissues damaged as a result of health issues and thereby control the disease.

Read also:New Study Reveals Hydromethylthionine Slows Cognitive Decline and Brain Atrophy

The therapy can be specifically useful for people with conditions such as type 1 diabetes, spinal cord injuries, Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease, stroke, cancer, burns, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, heart disease, and osteoarthritis.

At the moment, the most successful procedure that involves stem cell therapy is performing a bone marrow transplant. This surgical operation replaces the cells which have been damaged during chemotherapy by programmed stem cells. People are usually able to maintain and live a normal life after recovery from the surgery.

Furthermore, stem cell usage in clinical trials designed for testing the effectiveness, safety, and potential negative impact of new drugs. To do so, the stem cells can be programmed into becoming the type of cells that the drug aims to target.

The new study, which was led by Jeffery Molkentin who is a professor of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) and the director of Molecular Cardiovascular Microbiology a Cincinnati Childrens Hospital Medical Center, takes data from a study from the same journal, Nature, from the years 2014 which was conducted by the same medical team.

In the new paper, the team with Molkentin as the principal investigator found some unexpected results. There were two types of stem cells in the clinical trial cardiac progenitor cells and bone marrow mononuclear cells.

The main objective of the new trial was to re-evaluate the results of the 2014 study, which showed that injecting c-kit positive heart stem in the heart does not help in the regeneration of cardiomyocytes, to see how the cell therapy can be made to be effective.

It was instead discovered that injecting an inert chemical called zymosan, which is designed particularly for inducing an innate immune response, or dead stem cells can also be beneficial for the recovery of heart as they may speed up the healing procedure.

Injecting either dead stem cells or zymosan led to a reduction in the development of cellular matrix connective tissue in the areas which had been damaged in the heart. In addition, the mechanical properties of the targeted scar also improved.

Another important finding was that chemical substances such as zymosan are required to be injected directly into the heart for optimum results. In previous clinical trials, direct injections were avoided for safety reasons.

Molkentin and the team state that follow-up studies and trials on this new discovery are imminent as they may be important for developing therapies in the future.

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Stem Cell Therapy May Improve Heart Health In New Ways - TheHealthMania

Proof-of-Concept Study of CAR-NK Cell Therapy with Engineered Persistence Shows Potential – Cancer Network

By Stem Cell Treatment

A first-of-kind multi-antigen targeted off-the-shelf chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-natural killer (NK) cell with engineered persistence has the potential to be a readily available treatment option for patients, Robert A. Brodsky, MD, said in a preview of the 61st American Society of Hematology (ASH) Annual Meeting & Exposition.

As most of you are well aware, CAR T-cell (therapy has) captured the imagination of physician scientists and patients alike, mainly for their incredible efficacy in treating B-cell malignancies like acute lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphomas, said Brodsky, who serves as secretary of ASH and is also the director of the division of hematology at Johns Hopkins Medicine.

However, he added, this treatment option does not come without its drawbacks: namely, time, expenses, toxicity.

Only about two-thirds of patients enrolled in CAR T-cell trials will actually see infusion because often the disease will progress during the time it takes to make a successful product, Brodsky said.

Therefore, there is a need to develop a more timely infusion that can be associated with lower costs, and hopefully, less toxicity.

At the upcoming ASH Annual Meeting & Exposition, being held from December 7-10 in Orlando, Florida, Jode P. Goodridge, PhD, will present on his teams proof-of-concept study of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived effector cells.

iPSC-derived effector cells offer distinct advantages for immune therapy over existing patient- or donor- derived platforms, both in terms of scalable manufacturing from a renewable starting cellular material and precision genetic engineering that is performed at the single-cell level, the researchers wrote in their abstract. iPSC derived natural killer (iNK) cells offer the further advantage of innate reactivity to stress ligands and MHC downregulation and the potential to recruit downstream adaptive responses.

The candidate, called FT596, is consistently manufactured from a master iPSC line engineered to uniformly express an NK cell-calibrated CD19-targeting CAR, an enhanced functioning high-affinity, non-cleavable CD16, and a recombinant fusion of IL-15 and IL-15 receptor alpha for cytokine-autonomous persistence, according to the abstract.

What the authors here did is take advantage of the use of induced pluripotent stem cells and differentiated them to natural killer cells. Natural killer cells are not T cells but they are another form of lymphocytes that can be very effective in killing cancer cells. What they did is they engineered these pluripotent stem cells to target B cells, and they are specifically targeting the CD19 antigen on B cells and showing that these are very effective in cell line models and animal models, explained Brodsky.

However, of note, this product has not been tested in humans yet.

The big advance here is that this offers the potential of having a readily available source of basically CAR-NK cells that wouldnt need time to grow them up before they would be infused, Brodsky concluded.

Goodridge JP, Mahmood S, Zhu H, et al. FT596: Translation of First-of-Kind Multi-Antigen Targeted Off-the-Shelf CAR-NK Cell with Engineered Persistence for the Treatment of B Cell Malignancies. Presented at: 61st ASH Annual Meeting & Exposition Meeting preview; to be presented December 7, 2019; Orlando, Fla. Abstract 301.

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Proof-of-Concept Study of CAR-NK Cell Therapy with Engineered Persistence Shows Potential - Cancer Network

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