There is No Cure for Type 1 Diabetes. You Can Change That. – 5280 | The Denver Magazine

Paid for and Posted by Children's Diabetes Foundation

More than 30 million Americans, or roughly 9.4% of your friends, neighbors, coworkers, or family members are living with diabetes, which means you probably know someone with the disease. But do you know what life with diabetes actually looks like? Or that there are multiple types with big differences?

November is Diabetes Awareness Month, so all month long theChildrens Diabetes Foundationis debunking the myths abouttype 1 diabetes.

The facts may surprise you

Approximately 1.25 million Americans have type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune disease, which means the person did nothing to cause their diagnosis. Their body stopped producing insulin, which regulates the amount of sugar in the blood. Many type 1s rely on Continuous Glucose Monitors (CGMs) and insulin pumps or frequent injections to maintain the delicate balancing act your body performs naturally.

The exact cause of the disease is still unknown, but research at the Barbara Davis Center here in Denver, supported by the Childrens Diabetes Foundation is looking for answers. Some factors may be genetic, or some may be environmental. As we learn more, we get one step closer to finding a cure.

Type 1 diabetes used to be called childhood or juvenile diabetes. This changed years ago because doctors and researchers have learned that a diagnosis can happen at any age, from infants to seniors. Fifty percent of people diagnosed today are over 18 years old.

There is no cure yet for type 1 diabetes. Researchers continue to do stem cell research in hopes of finding a cure for the millions of people living with type 1 diabetes. But as a chronic autoimmune disease, we know its not something that can be cured by a change in diet or new exercise regimen.

And sometimes they need to eat or drink something sugary to stay alive. When blood sugars are too low, a type 1 must eat something to raise their blood sugar to avoid going unconscious, having a seizure, or even death.

Be on the lookout for these symptoms:

Wear a blue shirt this November, the color of diabetes awareness, to help us spread the word. When someone asks you about it, share what youve learned here and invite them to visitChildrensDiabetesFoundation.org to learn more. The more we know and talk about type 1 diabetes, the better allies we can all be in this fight.

The Childrens Diabetes Foundation is the fundraising arm of theBarbara Davis Center (BDC), one of the largest type 1 diabetes centers in the world. Donations directly support the BDC clinics, research, and programs. No one is turned away for care at the BDC. In fact, 40% of patients are uninsured or underinsured. The Childrens Diabetes Foundation also has programs for education and awareness, support groups, financial support for type 1 families, an Advocate program, and more.

With Colorado Gives Day just around the corner on December 10th, we would love to have your support. Schedule your donation today atColoradoGives.org/CDF.

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There is No Cure for Type 1 Diabetes. You Can Change That. - 5280 | The Denver Magazine

Heartbreaking moment dad meets the woman who saved his life – he feared his son would grow up without a father – Manchester Evening News

This is the tear-jerking moment a dad shares a hug with the woman who saved his life.

James O'Donnell, from Burnage, feared the worst after being diagnosed with a blood disorder similar to leukaemia in 2016.

Usual treatments were failing and James was undergoing a blood transfusion every week while battling constant infections, the Liverpool Echo reports.

James was running out of options and despaired at the pain his death could cause his eight-year-old son, Harrison.

But in a stunning stroke of fortune, his saviour was only the other side of the M62 - LiverpoolCouncil admin worker Leah McDougall.

The 29-year-old mum, from Bootle, had taken the time to sign up to the register of potential stem cell donors on her lunch break at a pop-up stall, organised by blood cancer charity DKSM, the previous year.

James, who despite his Manc heritage is an avid Liverpool FC fan, told staff at the charity that he would be up for meeting his donor, who could have been anyone from a number of European countries using the register.

James, along with his wife Andrea and young Harrison, got the chance to meet Leah for the first time at a DKSM charity gala in London on Wednesday last week (November 6).

James, who says he finally feels like himself after a long period of illness, told the ECHO: "I was just getting chest infections and water infections all the time.

"I am quite a healthy person, and I was in good shape and I knew I should not be getting ill all the time."

He said after a few weeks of tests his was invited to take a bone marrow biopsy and was told the devastating news on his 40th birthday.

The disease meant James' bone marrow was not producing enough white blood cells, but doctors told him a treatment called anti-thymocite globulin (ATG) had a "75% chance" of success.

However, when that failed, fear and doubt began to creep in.

He said: "We are always saying I would get through this, we were thinking I would get better. But I started to think it's not happening, it's not going to be for me, this.

"I thought, I have been good in life, I need some luck. We were having a really hard time.

"My son was four or five then, and it was hard for him having a dad going from playing football with him to being in hospital."

Eventually doctors revealed the only option was for James to have a bone marrow transplant.

The O'Donnell's went through further disappointment when tests on his three siblings revealed none were a match, so the waiting game to find a suitable donor began.

But on a March day in 2017, he got a call to say: "We have got a perfect match, a 10 out of 10."

The operation was a success and after four weeks doctors told James the new bone marrow cells were taking effect.

He said: "We were so lucky to find a donor only about 25 miles away. Some people never find one and we had one on our doorstep."

The powerful emotion of meeting Leah last week is summed up by James: "It was the second best moment of my life after my son being born.

"What she has done means that I can see my son growing up and that he has a father."

Leah did not hesitate to agree to help a total stranger when she was asked by DKSM.

Describing the moment she met James and his family, she told the ECHO: "We were both speechless. When I walked on stage we were just hugging each other for ages.

"It is weird, we felt like we had known each other for years, I felt like I had known him my whole life.

"It just takes five minutes out of your time to sign up to the register; that's like going to the kitchen to make a drink.

"You just think about the impact it is going to have on someone, it is saving someone's life. I feel lucky to have been able to give something back."

James says his family and Leah are planning to meet up again, possibly at a Liverpool FC game.

He said: "Without her, I wouldn't have a future."

DKSM has urged anyone aged 17-55, and in general good health, to sign up to the register here.

Dr Manos Niklolousis, Haematologist at University Hospital Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, said:"Blood stem cells can be used to treat a wide range of blood cancers and blood disorders and we urgently need more people to come forward as donors.

"Currently, only 2% of the UK population are registered so matching donors with patients isnt easy within a growing multicultural population.

"Many of those in need are unable to find a sibling match and so rely on the generosity of strangers, and a blood stem cell transplant can be some patients only hope of survival.

"As a doctor who treats people with blood cancer or disorders, it is upsetting to know that some patients could have been saved if only more potential donors were registered and available to donate.

"I look forward to the day when there will be a donor for every patient in need."

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Heartbreaking moment dad meets the woman who saved his life - he feared his son would grow up without a father - Manchester Evening News

Discover the Global Cord Stem Cell banking Market gain impetus due to the growing demand over 2026 – Markets Gazette 24

Global Cord Stem Cell Banking Market By Storage Type (Private Banking, Public Banking), Product Type (Cord Blood, Cord Blood & Cord Tissue), Service Type (Collection & Transportation, Processing, Analysis, Storage), Source (Umbilical Cord Blood, Bone Marrow, Peripheral Blood Stem, Menstrual Blood), Indication (Cerebral Palsy, Thalassemia, Leukemia, Diabetes, Autism), Geography (North America, South America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africa) Industry Trends and Forecast to 2026

Market Analysis: Global Cord Stem Cell Banking Market

Global Cord stem cell banking market is estimated to reach USD 13.8 billion by 2026 registering a healthy CAGR of 22.4%. The increasing number of parents storing their childs cord blood, acceptance of stem cell therapeutics, high applicability of stem cells are key driver to the market.

Market Definition: Global Cord Stem Cell Banking Market

Cord stem cells banking is nothing but the storing of the cord blood cell contained in the umbilical cord and placenta of a newborn child. This cord blood contains the stem cells which can be used in future to treat disease such as leukemia, thalassemia, autoimmune diseases, and inherited metabolic disorders, and few others.

Market Drivers

Market Restraint

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Segmentation: Global Cord Stem Cell Banking Market

By Storage Type

By Product Type

By Service Type

By Indication

By Source

By Geography

Key Developments in the Market:

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Competitive Analysis: Global Cord Stem Cell Banking Market

Global cord stem cell banking market is highly fragmented and the major players have used various strategies such as new product launches, expansions, agreements, joint ventures, partnerships, acquisitions and others to increase their footprints in this market. The report includes market shares of cord stem cell banking market for Global, Europe, North America, Asia Pacific, South America and Middle East & Africa.

Key Market Competitors: Global Cord Stem Cell Banking Market

Few of the major market competitors currently working in the global cord stem cell banking market are CBR Systems, Inc., Cordlife, Cells4Life Group LLP, Cryo-Cell International, Inc., Cryo-Save AG, Lifecell, StemCyte India Therapeutics Pvt. Ltd, Viacord, SMART CELLS PLUS., Cryoviva India, Global Cord Blood Corporation, National Cord Blood Program, Vita 34, ReeLabs Pvt. Ltd., Regrow Biosciences Pvt. Ltd. , ACROBiosystems., Americord Registry LLC., New York Blood Center, Maze Cord Blood, GoodCell., AABB, Stem Cell Cryobank, New England Cryogenic Center, Inc. among others

Research Methodology:Global Cord Stem Cell Banking Market

Data collection and base year analysis is done using data collection modules with large sample sizes. The market data is analysed and forecasted using market statistical and coherent models. Also market share analysis and key trend analysis are the major success factors in the market report. To know more pleaseRequest an Analyst Callor can drop down your inquiry.

The key research methodology used byDBMR Researchteam is data triangulation which involves data mining, analysis of the impact of data variables on the market, and primary (industry expert) validation. Apart from this, other data models include Vendor Positioning Grid, Market Time Line Analysis, Market Overview and Guide, Company Positioning Grid, Company Market Share Analysis, Standards of Measurement, Top to Bottom Analysis and Vendor Share Analysis. To know more about the research methodology, drop in an inquiry to speak to our industry experts.

Primary Respondents

Demand Side: Doctors, Surgeons, Medical Consultants, Nurses, Hospital Buyers, Group Purchasing Organizations, Associations, Insurers, Medical Payers, Healthcare Authorities, Universities, Technological Writers, Scientists, Promoters, and Investors among others.

Supply Side: Product Managers, Marketing Managers, C-Level Executives, Distributors, Market Intelligence, and Regulatory Affairs Managers among others.

Reasons to Purchase this Report

Customization of the Report:

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Discover the Global Cord Stem Cell banking Market gain impetus due to the growing demand over 2026 - Markets Gazette 24

Innovation Pharmaceuticals: Oral Cancer on the Rise; Company Offers Perspectives on Opportunity of Brilacidin for the Prevention of Oral Mucositis -…

BEVERLY, Mass., Nov. 13, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Innovation Pharmaceuticals (OTCQB:IPIX) (the Company), a clinical stage pharmaceutical company, is pleased to provide perspectives on the unmet patient need in OM and global commercial opportunity of Brilacidin, the Companys defensin-mimetic drug candidate, for the prevention of Severe Oral Mucositis (SOM) in Head and Neck Cancer (HNC) patients receiving chemoradiation.

Quite simply, OM is a significant unmet patient need in supportive cancer care, with a sizable commercial opportunity attached to delivering novel OM therapies, said Arthur P. Bertolino, MD, PhD, MBA, President and Chief Medical Officer at Innovation Pharmaceuticals. We believe that Brilacidin, as a result of our promising Phase 2 results showing a marked reduction in the incidence of SOM, further advantaged by a patient-friendly oral rinse formulation conveniently packaged in sachet form, leads the competitive field of OM drugs in development. Negotiations with potential pharmaceutical partners interested in licensing our Brilacidin for OM asset continue, with the Company remaining diligent as it works toward executing the next step in the drug candidates development.

Over 500,000 Annual Cases of SOM Globally by 2025 and No Drugs on Market Today

Millions of patients worldwide suffer from OM, a costly and debilitating side-effect of chemoradiation, with the majority of therapies currently in use consisting of medical devices that are palliative in nature and poorly reimbursed. OM is particularly common in HNC, affecting each year approximately 65,000, 150,000, and 300,000 patients respectively in the U.S., Europe and Asia. Worldwide, by 2025, annual new HNC cases are expected to approach 930,000. Almost all HNC patients will develop some form of OM, with ~70 percent developing SOM. Patients with SOM are more likely to experience treatment-limiting and even life-threatening interruptions in their chemoradiation regimens. Additional costs incurred due to SOM range from $18,000 to over $42,000 per case on average.

Rising Rates of Oral Cancer

While the incidence of many cancers is decreasing, oral cancer is on the rise. According to the Oral Cancer Foundation, about 657,000 cases of oral or oropharyngeal cancer (including the larynx) are reported annually worldwide. Common causes are the sexually transmitted HPV, smoking and alcohol consumption. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 7 out of every 10 oropharyngeal cancers are caused by HPV. About 43 percent of patients with oral cavity cancer die within five years.

Large Void, Up to $2.5 Billion Global Annual Market Opportunity

Various pharmaceutical companies are conducting clinical trials in an attempt to bring OM drugs to market. One company, Galera Therapeutics, an OM-focused pharma, raised $150 million in October 2018, and recently completed a $60 million IPO, to fund the development of its OM drug candidate. A safe and effective drug to preventor even reduce the duration of SOMhas the potential to fill a large void in supportive cancer care and capture a substantial new market, an annual global commercial opportunity estimated to range between $500 million and $2.5 billion.

Compelling Economics, Attractive Marketing Dynamic

The Company estimates relatively low Cost-of-Goods to produce Brilacidin oral rinse per course of treatment, thereby creating favorable economics to price the product competitively and still generate healthy margins. Palifermin (Kepivance), the only approved drug to treat OM (in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation), was priced at $8,250 upon product launch in 2005, and currently is priced at approximately $16,000. ProGrow Pharma Partners estimates the market price for novel OM drugs to be between $9,000 (Europe) and $18,000 (U.S.). By eliminating the considerable associated patient costs attributable to OM, surveys of payers in the U.S. have indicated a willingness to pay up to $20,000 for a preventative OM treatment.

Currently, about 2,500 facilities in the U.S. treat HNC patients undergoing chemoradiation regimens. As a subset, approximately 60 percent of all HNC patients are treated in just 500 of these facilities. A small salesforce could thus be deployed to detail physicians and other care professionals treating a majority of HNC patients. This marketing dynamic further lends to the attractive economics for the development of a drug in this category of medical need.

About Brilacidin Phase 2 Oral Mucositis Trial

The Companys Brilacidin oral rinse for OM demonstrated a strong therapeutic benefit in HNC patients receiving the aggressive chemotherapy regimen (cisplatin administered 80-100 mg/m2, every 21 days), which currently is in common use. In this patient population, incidence of SOM (WHO Grade 3) was reduced to 25.0 percent in the modified Intent-to-Treat (mITT) population, versus 71.4 percent in the placebo patient group. In the Per Protocol (PP) patient group, incidence of SOM dropped to 14.3 percent for patients receiving Brilacidin, compared to 72.7 percent among those receiving placebo.

The completed Phase 2 study (see NCT02324335) met its primary endpoint, showing a reduction of SOM incidence versus placebo, as well as beneficial treatment effects in reducing the duration of SOM and in delaying the onset of SOM. Furthermore, Brilacidin showed a favorable safety profile and was well-tolerated.

About Brilacidin and Severe Oral Mucositis

There currently are no FDA-approved drugs for the prevention of Severe OM (SOM) (WHO Grade 3) in HNC patients receiving chemoradiation. The additional expenses incurred by patients suffering from SOM are estimated to be as high as $18,000 to over $42,000 per case in the U.S. when hospitalization is required. These factors contribute to SOM qualifying as an area of significant unmet medical need. According to published statistics, the number of new annual HNC cases in the U.S. is estimated to be 65,000, and worldwide, ~750,000 cases. Approximately 70 percent of HNC patients receiving chemoradiation typically will develop Severe OM, with the overall incidence of HNC patients developing some grade of OM (WHO Grades 1 to 4) approaching 100 percent. Because it cannot be predicted which patients will develop SOM, a preventative treatment, such as Brilacidin oral rinse, would begin in all patients as soon as starting chemoradiation and continue until its completion (typically a seven-week course). Given Brilacidin is administered as a convenient oral rinse, with plans to package it in an easily transportable sachet form, the Company believes it would be attractive both to doctors and patientslikely translating to widespread and rapid market adoption should Brilacidin oral rinse gain regulatory approval.

AlertsSign-up for Innovation Pharmaceuticals email alerts is available at:http://www.ipharminc.com/email-alerts/

About Innovation PharmaceuticalsInnovation Pharmaceuticals Inc. (IPIX) is a clinical stage biopharmaceutical company developing a world-class portfolio of innovative therapies addressing multiple areas of unmet medical need, including inflammatory diseases, cancer, infectious disease, and dermatologic diseases.Brilacidin, a versatile compound with broad therapeutic potential, is in a new chemical class called defensin-mimetics.A Phase 2 trial of Brilacidin as an oral rinse for the prevention of Severe Oral Mucositis (SOM) in patients with Head and Neck Cancer, met its primary and secondary endpoints, including reducing the incidence of SOM.The Company plans to advance Brilacidin oral rinse into Phase 3 development, subject to available financial resources. Positive results were also observed in a Phase 2 Proof-of-Concept trial treating patients locally with Brilacidin for Ulcerative Proctitis/Ulcerative Proctosigmoiditis (UP/UPS).Brilacidin for UP/UPS was licensed to Alfasigma S.p.A. in July 2019. A Phase 2b trial of Brilacidin showed a single intravenous dose of the drug delivered comparable outcomes to a seven-day dosing regimen of the FDA-approved blockbuster daptomycin in treating Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection. Kevetrin is a novel anti-cancer drug shown to modulate p53, often referred to as the Guardian Angel Gene due to its crucial role in controlling cell mutations and has successfully completed a Phase 2 trial in Ovarian Cancer.More information is available on the Company website atwww.IPharmInc.com.

Forward-Looking Statements: This press release contains forward-looking statements made pursuant to the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 including statements concerning the future execution of a definitive agreement with a global pharmaceutical company and the anticipated terms thereof, our future drug development plans, other statements regarding future product developments, and markets, including with respect to specific indications, and any other statements which are other than statements of historical fact. These statements involve risks, uncertainties and assumptions that could cause the Companys actual results and experience to differ materially from anticipated results and expectations expressed in these forward-looking statements. The Company has in some cases identified forward-looking statements by using words such as anticipates, believes, hopes, estimates, looks, expects, plans, intends, goal, potential, may, suggest, and similar expressions. Among other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in forward-looking statements are the Companys need for, and the availability of, substantial capital in the future to fund its operations and research and development; the Companys licensee(s) may not successfully complete pre-clinical or clinical testing and the Company will not receive milestone payments; or the Companys compounds may not successfully complete pre-clinical or clinical testing, or be granted regulatory approval to be sold and marketed in the United States or elsewhere. A more complete description of these risk factors is included in the Companys filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. You should not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements. The Company undertakes no obligation to release publicly the results of any revisions to any such forward-looking statements that may be made to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this press release or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, except as required by applicable law or regulation.

INVESTOR AND MEDIA CONTACTInnovation Pharmaceuticals Inc.Leo Ehrlichinfo@ipharminc.com

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Innovation Pharmaceuticals: Oral Cancer on the Rise; Company Offers Perspectives on Opportunity of Brilacidin for the Prevention of Oral Mucositis -...

South Shields cancer survivor bursts into tears as she finally meets the woman who saved her life – Chronicle Live

A cancer survivor has finally met her anonymous saviour almost a decade after her transplant.

Becca Anderson, from South Shields, was diagnosed with leukaemia ten years ago.

As a student aged 18, Becca often felt ill but thought it merely was the result of stress and working too hard, but blood tests confirmed something far more serious.

The 28-year-old said: Id been poorly for a few months and I was actually on my way to a party when I got the phone call from my dad.

"Id had a blood test and the doctor rang the house phone trying to reach me but because of how serious it was, they told him to call me and get me to the hospital straight away."

At Sunderland Royal Hospital accompanied with her boyfriend and her mum, doctors informed Becca she had leukaemia.

"I just remember saying, 'Im going to die. Im going to die', she said.

"I calmed down but there were a lot of tears, it was dramatic."

Due to the high chance of relapse, Becca was told she would need a stem cell transplant if she were to be cured of her cancer.

Without a match within her family, the charity Anthony Nolan searched the stem cell register. Fortunately, a match was found soon after.

On November 2010, Becca went into hospital where she had her transplant and remained in isolation for two months.

Speaking of her journey to recovery, Becca said: "Its only really been the last two or three years that Ive fully got my confidence back. Everyones journey will be different, but recovery is hard."

Her donor was Susan Fullerton, from Glasgow, who joined the Anthony Nolan stem cell register on April 2010 after losing her mum to acute myeloid leukaemia in 2003.

Susan, 38, said: "I could remember how much blood transfusions gave my mum almost immediate colour and energy, so I decided to become a blood donor.

"At one of my donation sessions there were leaflets on the table about Anthony Nolan, so I decided to sign up."

Anthony Nolan gives people with blood cancer a second chance of life by finding them matching donors.

It also carries out ground-breaking research to save more lives and provide information to support patients after a stem cell transplant.

Lifesavers like Susan have a 1 in 800 chance of being called up to donate in the following five years. However, Susan was found to be a match just weeks after joining the register.

Both Beccas and Susans identity was kept secret from each other for two years as per the charitys procedure.

After the period passed, they were both allowed to meet each other. In September, nine years after surgery, both of them almost by chance decided to reach out to the charity within a few days of each other.

Becca, now a cabin crew member for Virgin Atlantic, was planning to do the Great North Run for Anthony Nolan and thought it would be the perfect timing for her to meet the stranger who saved her life.

Susan on the other hand wanted to share her story to encourage people to join the stem cell register due to her friends young child currently being treated for leukaemia.

When she decided to reach out she was surprised Becca wanted to do the same.

"It was no-brainer, I felt like I was missing part of my story, said Susan.

Becca said: "It was so overwhelming as it happened so quickly. Meeting my donor was a pipe dream and next thing I knew she was coming to Newcastle."

When they finally met at Central Station a day before the Great North Run, they hugged each other and burst into tears.

Speaking of their meeting, Becca said: "Meeting her was like meeting a friend. It was like a strange blind date that you just knew was going to work out."

Susan also felt a connection and said: "It never felt like I didnt know her. It just felt like I had known her my whole life, maybe it was because she had a piece of me inside her."

Becca and Susan plan to stay in touch and will meet each others families next month.

Looking back, Becca said: "Without Anthony Nolan and Susan, I genuinely wouldnt be here. I now see so many people not getting matches and I just think, 'wow, how lucky was I?'

"Looking back, I was so naive at the time. I never thought I wouldnt find a match."

Find out more about the work of Anthony Nolan at http://www.anthonynolan.org

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South Shields cancer survivor bursts into tears as she finally meets the woman who saved her life - Chronicle Live

A short guide to regulation for disruptive technologies – Lexology

Introduction

Regulation, by necessity, introduces rigidity to otherwise flexible processes. Done proportionately, this can be an efficient societal device for preventing harm. At the same time, inherent regulatory rigidity creates particular challenges when the nature of the regulatory target changes quickly or unexpectedly.

Disruptive technologies in life sciences - a very dynamic field of activity are a good example of this. Disruptive technologies challenge the way a sector operates, and it is self-evident that (in most cases) this will also have an impact on the relevant normative framework. This effect is most visible in areas which have a direct impact on human life and wellbeing, as these areas are tightly (and often, rather specifically) regulated, and a failure to control a technology appropriately may lead to undesirable outcomes.

The dual purposes of preventing harm through proportionate regulation and maintaining trust in innovation mean that it is all the more important to ensure that regulation is adequately responsive and flexible to react to a disruptive technology. This can be a difficult line to tread, particularly in fields where research and development is also morally or ethically contentious.

We will illustrate the context and challenge of regulating disruptive technologies by discussing two specific case studies: artificial intelligence, and cell and gene therapy. In both cases, we suggest that the current regulatory framework in the UK strikes an appropriate balance between precaution and freedom of research, allowing for innovation subject to strict controls and licensing frameworks. There are, however, numerous challenges which need to be considered and addressed as these technologies advance. Regulators, policy makers and innovators working in this sector must continue to work together to ensure that responsible science is allowed to flourish.

Artificial intelligence

The science of making machines do things that would require intelligence if done by people (Definition of artificial intelligence from the Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence, 1955.)

Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies hold the potential to significantly improve health and care, providing faster and more accurate diagnosis, speedier treatments, and facilitating medical breakthroughs through drug discovery.

This is particularly the case in contexts where the pattern-recognition strengths of AI can be deployed to their fullest potential. Tasks such as the correct identification of tumour cells, recognition of areas of concern in medical imaging, and the processing of large amounts of genomic data can be carried out with much greater speed and accuracy by algorithms that learn from previous datasets, and develop their own datasets from which to learn from in the future. The ability to check a patients image or test result against all other available and comparable datasets is, at first glance, far superior to a clinicians ability to make an assessment on the basis of his or her experience.

At the same time, this does give rise to risk. For example, there is an inherent (and proven) risk that an algorithm which learns on the basis of historic human-generated data also takes on the biases that human decision-making has inevitably introduced. So how does regulation play a part in addressing this risk?

The first point to make is that no one body is solely responsible for regulating the adoption of AI technologies in the UK healthcare sector. A number of different regulatory bodies have a remit to oversee aspects of AI, including the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) and the Information Commissioners Office (ICO). In addition, there are nonregulatory bodies which also play an important role, including the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) and NHSX. However, no one institution has overall responsibility for policing, for example, the prevention of bias in AI algorithms. The most effective way of addressing this risk at present is to avoid exclusively automated decision-making so that the use of AI technologies in the clinical setting will focus instead on assisted decision-making and triage. The application of this approach will come down to individual healthcare payors and providers: in the absence of any direct regulation, it is left to them to decide how best to mitigate risk, and whether and if so how to apply nonbinding codes of conduct, such as the Department of Health and Social Cares code of conduct for data-driven technologies which seek to address the risk.

Reliance on nonbinding codes of conduct as a substitute for regulation may not be ideal and can result in a lack of certainty. Equally, overlapping codes, rules and regulations also pose a risk, for example, as to how NICEs evidence standards framework for digital health technologies interacts with MHRA regulations concerning software as a medical device in relation to clinical evidence. The risk is lack of clarity; the mitigation is raising awareness.

Another challenge arises where regulation designed for a specific purpose is used for a new purpose, for example the application of MHRA regulations designed for traditional medical devices to software incorporating algorithms. A recent state of the nation survey on the use of AI in health and care revealed that half of all software developers were not intending to seek CE mark classification, with the most commonly cited reason being that they did not believe the medical device classification was applicable. It is essential that the sector raises awareness of these requirements, albeit that they are complex and sometimes impenetrable.

One significant area of concern is how existing laws relating to negligence, liability and insurance apply to the clinical use of AI whether in assisting decision-making about a patients treatment, or in the operation of medical devices. Currently, claims are almost always brought against the treating clinician or healthcare provider, but for a clinician using big data analysis as well as his or her own experience, where does the division of responsibility lie? If a patient is injured as a result of a malfunction in an AI-driven device, does liability lie with the manufacturer of the device, the programmer who wrote the code which operates the device, the clinical team, the hospital or all of the above? It remains to be seen whether this will give rise to novel constellations of liability, such as an increase in manufacturers liability or a change in statutory and wider insurance requirements.

One of the major areas of opportunity for AI-based technologies is biomedical research where the strengths of speed and range have huge potential. The extrapolation of the potential of certain compounds against huge databases of similar compounds is commercially powerful. The ability to quickly check clinical trial design against public registries of published results to avoid unnecessary duplication of human-based experimentation is ethically desirable. But as innovators seek to improve drug discovery using AI, it will be important to continue to keep under review laws relating to intellectual property and how they apply to AI-based technologies.

Cell and gene therapy

The area of cell and gene therapy is of particular significance, and great potential, in regenerative medicine. It has seen a decade-long genesis since its inception, and it does not immediately strike one as a field that meets the definition of a disruptive technology. At the same time, however, it provides a good illustration of how a technology may mature for a long time, or be repurposed in an unexpected way, before it becomes disruptive.

The field has come a long way since the first systematic trials in 1989, and by now, there are 17 FDA-approved cell and gene therapy products. Over and beyond technical questions of the safety of the vectors used for the manipulation of cells, there are few remaining ethical and legal issues in relation to somatic cell gene therapy for particularly debilitating conditions (i.e. where the manipulation does not lead to heritable genetic characteristics).

From a regulatory and ethical perspective, however, cell and gene therapy becomes more complex where germline gene therapy is used. The modification of the human germline is subject to significant debate and, in some jurisdictions, strongly prohibitive regulation. The advent of disruptive technologies such as CRISPR/Cas9 prime editing techniques, with their associated precision and purported safety, have already reignited the debate around the prohibition of germline manipulation, with some commentators calling for a relaxation of the regulation while others demand either a global ban or at least a moratorium.

Although the United Kingdom has a reputation of being a liberal jurisdiction for research, it is in fact very tightly regulated and only potentially permissive. UK law reects a compromise: we permit research (including research involving germline gene editing), but we subject such research to strict scrutiny, licensing and oversight, and we criminalise unlicensed research. That being said, the legislation is drafted in such a way as to facilitate a broad variety of research, including (again, potentially) the introduction of novel techniques, and few procedures are prohibited. Overall, this framework helps allay public and political concern about what is often controversial research and provides a degree of protection for researchers operating under a licence, facilitating innovation. Such a robust framework is particularly valuable when it comes to considering how best to address the clinical application of germline genome modication. In circumstances where UK law is comprehensive and clear in its application to gene editing, there is no merit or purpose in a moratorium or further restriction on the use of this technology as some have demanded.

Concluding remarks

The UK has a mature and robust regulatory framework governing research and development in life sciences. We have a successful history in regulating numerous disruptive and controversial new technologies, such as stem cell research, the creation of human-animal hybrids, the clinical use of preimplantation genetics, and mitochondrial donation all testaments to the strength of this framework and its capacity to adapt to accommodate new technologies. This success, however, has been built upon a vital foundation of open and accessible dialogue between innovators, parliamentarians, policy makers and the public, and it is to be hoped that a similar transparency will be maintained in the future. Such dialogue will also ensure that if there are gaps or restrictions in regulation that need to be addressed to avoid stifling innovation, these can be pre-empted.

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A short guide to regulation for disruptive technologies - Lexology

Cereal rust could lead to new wheat threat – Farm Weekly

SCIENTISTS have uncovered the origins of the world's deadliest strain of cereal rust disease which threatens global food security.

Researchers from Australia's national science agency, CSIRO, together with partners in the United States and South Africa, have solved a 20-year-old mystery with findings published last week in Nature Communications.

Their work shows that the devastating Ug99 strain of the wheat stem rust fungus (named for its discovery and naming in Uganda in 1999) was created when different rust strains simply fused to create a new hybrid strain.

This process is called somatic hybridisation and enables the fungi to merge their cells together and exchange genetic material without going through the complex sexual reproduction cycle.

The study found half of Ug99's genetic material came from a strain that has been in southern Africa for more than 100 years and also occurs in Australia.

The discovery shows that other crop-destroying rust strains could hybridise in other parts of the world - and scientists found evidence of this in their study.

It also means Ug99 could once again exchange genetic material with different pathogen strains to create a whole new enemy.

While it was proposed that rust strains could hybridise based on laboratory studies in the 1960s, this new research provides the first clear molecular evidence that this process generates new strains in nature.

Rusts are a common fungal disease of plants.

Globally they destroy more than $1 billion worth of crops each year.

Australian crops have largely been protected for the past 60 years by the breeding of rust-resistant crop varieties.

Group leader at CSIRO Dr Melania Figueroa said Ug99 was considered one of the most threatening of all rusts as it has managed to overcome many of the stem rust resistance genes used in wheat varieties and has evolved many variants.

"While outbreaks of Ug99 have so far been restricted to Africa and the Middle East, it has been estimated that a nationwide outbreak here could cost Australia up to $500 million in lost production and fungicide use in the first year," Dr Figueroa said.

"There is some good news, however, as the more you know your enemy, the more equipped you are to fight against it.

"Knowing how these pathogens come about means we can better predict how they are likely to change in the future and better determine which resistance genes can be bred into wheat varieties to give long-lasting protection."

Earlier this year, CSIRO worked with the University of Minnesota and the 2Blades Foundation to achieve good results in wheat resistance by stacking five resistance genes into the one wheat plant to combat wheat stem rust.

This latest research is the result of a collaboration between scientists from CSIRO, the University of Minnesota, University of the Free State and Australian National University.

The breakthrough came as Dr Figueroa's group was sequencing Ug99 (then at the University of Minnesota) and at the same time a CSIRO team led by Dr Peter Dodds was sequencing Pgt 21 in Australia.

Pgt21 is a rust strain that was first seen in South Africa in the 1920s and believed to have been carried to Australia in the 1950s by wind currents.

When the two groups compared results, they found the two pathogens share an almost identical nucleus and therefore half of their DNA.

"This discovery will make it possible to develop better methods to screen for varieties with strong resistance to disease," Dr Figueroa said.

"There was an element of serendipity at play in this work.

"We never expected that Ug99 and an Australian isolate might be related but only through a multi-continental collaboration was it possible to make the connections needed to achieve this discovery."

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Cereal rust could lead to new wheat threat - Farm Weekly

Abuse in cell banking services a global problem – Bioprocess Insider – BioProcess Insider

The International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy (ISCT) has formed a consortium to tackle what it says is a rising number of unscrupulous and unproven cell banking players.

With the rise of interest in the cell and gene therapy sector, industry and the market have been plagued with unproven products and services from rogue actors looking to profit from ill-informed and sometimes desperate patients.

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) laid down a framework to tackle unapproved stem cell clinics, for example, and has issued warning letters,seized productsand instigated legal action to crack down on unscrupulous actors who often co-opt scientific terms and offer tokens of scientific legitimacy without backing from scientific studies and clinical evidence.

Image: iStock/Vitezslav Vylicil

Beyond stem cell clinics deceiving patients, with the approval of more cell and gene therapies, we see these profiteers moving to cell banking marketed to healthy people as well as patients, Laertis Ikonomou, co-chair off the International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy Presidential Task Force (PTF) on the Use of Unproven Cellular Therapies, told Bioprocess Insider.

There is potential for abuse in that the banking services may refer to direct-to-consumer unproven and unethical cell-based interventions will use cells from such cell banks. With global marketing and point of service kits, this is a borderless problem for all.

As such, the ISCT has formed a global consortium of professional and education societies to help combat the rise in the number of unproven commercial cell banking services. The consortium includes: The International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR), Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASTCT), American Society of Gene & Cell Therapy (ASGCT), European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation (EBMT), Foundation for the Accreditation of Cellular Therapy (FACT), Joint Accreditation Committee ISCT-EBMT (JACIE) and the Forum for Innovative Regenerative Medicine (FIRM).

We do not currently have detailed statistics specifically on the number of cell banking services per region. It appears most are concentrated in the US, United Kingdom, and India, said Laertis Ikonomou.

Nevertheless, we consider such services to be part of a global market for unproven cellular therapies. This market has been estimated to be worth as much as $2.4 billion (2.13 billion). It is also estimated that currently approximately 60,000 patients every year globally are treated with unproven cellular therapies and charges for individual treatments can be as much as $40,000 (35,500) per treatment.

The initiative looks to protect legitimate cell-based product development and patients in various ways, Ikonomou said.

Any questionable offer of unproven cell-based products and services hurts the field of regenerative medicine. It erodes the publics trust and it gives the false impression that it is acceptable to offer products that have not been proven safe and effective.

Our collaborative effort aims to highlight these issues. We also want to demonstrate to patients the gap between the real clinical potential of such a service which is unclear at the moment and the overblown advertising claims of businesses offering commercial cell banking services.

While industry-led efforts such as this are necessary, he added increased regulatory enforcement such as the FDAs recent injunctions against unproven tissue-based clinics can rein in businesses that offer questionable cell-related services or products.

Exaggerated and misleading claims of future clinical use for banked cells may also fall under the purview of the US Federal Trade Commission. ISCT is in ongoing communication with regulatory and professional societies around the world, through the ISCT led Cell Therapy Liaison Meetings with FDA, Health Canada, and additional channels.

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Abuse in cell banking services a global problem - Bioprocess Insider - BioProcess Insider

Allogene Moves Forward With CAR-T Therapy Pipeline – Seeking Alpha

Allogene Therapeutics (ALLO) has a pipeline full of immunotherapy products it is developing to treat different types of cancer. Specifically, its platform relies on allogeneic CAR-T therapies. The latest partnership involves Notch Therapeutics and its own technology platform to treat cancer. Both companies will develop induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) AlloCAR therapy products using Notch's technology. This will help diversify Allogene's pipeline and give it access to treat a few types of hematological malignancies.

Allogene Therapeutics has formed a worldwide collaboration and license agreement with Notch Therapeutics. This agreement was made so that both companies could research and develop iPSC AlloCAR therapy products to treat a few types of hematological malignancies. Such hematological malignancies include: Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), leukemia, and multiple myeloma (MM). The development of the iPSC AlloCAR therapy products using either T-cells or natural killer cells will be done using Notch's Engineered Thymic Niche (ETN) platform. Why has Allogene chosen to make such a partnership? There are many advantages to tapping into the ETN platform. First and Foremost, pluripotent stem cells provide an inexhaustible source. Meaning an inexhaustible source that could be used as any cell type to treat a variety of diseases. That's just one advantage this technology has. Further advantages for this type of technology include lower cost of manufacturing such treatments and larger industrial scale. There is something even more important on why I believe such a partnership was made. While both companies are targeting a few hematological malignancies, iPSC AlloCar therapy products could also be utilized for other indications such as: Aging, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. If early evidence seems promising in hematological malignancies, then I believe there will be a great interest to explore this technology in other areas. Under the terms of the agreement, Notch will first focus on taking care of the preclinical work with respect to the iPSC AlloCAR T cells. Allogene will work on the products when they get to the clinical stage and obtain exclusive worldwide rights to commercialize them. Notch doesn't go home empty-handed though. It obtains some perks as well, like:

The point here is that Allogene gains access to a technology that prides itself on providing a renewable source cell type of a product that could change the scope of CAR-T treatment.

According to the 10-Q SEC Filing, Allogene Therapeutics has cash, cash equivalents, and investments of $601.9 million as of September 30, 2019. The company believes that it has enough cash on hand to fund its operations for at least 12 months from the date of the 10-Q SEC Filing. Since this was filed on November 5, 2019, this means cash will run out sometime by November 5, 2020. Although, biotechs don't wait until the end of their estimates to raise additional cash. I would say that the biotech may need to raise cash sometime during mid-2020. The company has a lot of cash on hand because of the IPO it had done back in October of 2018. At that time, it has been the largest biotech IPO established in 2018. That's because it raised a total of $343.3 million in net proceeds.

Allogene has its own CAR-T technology it utilizes to develop treatments for cancer. Specifically, it has a huge focus on developing allogeneic CAR-T therapy treatments. The advantage of allogeneic is being able to produce treatment for cancer patients at a quicker rate compared to autologous therapy. For allogeneic CAR-T treatment, it is considered to be "off the shelf" therapy. Meaning patients won't have to wait for treatment. That's because, with autologous therapy, cells from the patient have to be extracted first, engineered, and then delivered back into the patient. This process takes about 4 weeks. On the other hand, for allogeneic CAR-T therapy, the treatment is ready to go and just needs to be administered to the patient. As with most CAR-T companies, Allogene is heavily focused on hematological malignancies (blood cancer). However, it won't just leave it to its own products in the pipeline to advance drugs in the clinic for hematological malignancies. That's why it has also chosen to partner with Notch Therapeutics for its iPSC AlloCAR therapy products. The key advantage being that Notch's technology provides an inexhaustible source of cells to utilize. A big risk for the partnership is that it will take some time to get this program into clinical trials in humans. In addition, there is no guarantee that this program will ultimately succeed in late-stage studies. Having said that, I believe that this will help Allogene expand the market opportunity in the hematology space. Especially, since the CAR-T therapy space is quite crowded when it comes to treating hematological malignancies.

This article is published by Terry Chrisomalis, who runs the Biotech Analysis Central pharmaceutical service on Seeking Alpha Marketplace. If you like what you read here and would like to subscribe to, I'm currently offering a two-week free trial period for subscribers to take advantage of. My service offers a deep-dive analysis of many pharmaceutical companies. The Biotech Analysis Central SA marketplace is $49 per month, but for those who sign up for the yearly plan will be able to take advantage of a 33.50% discount price of $399 per year.

Disclosure: I/we have no positions in any stocks mentioned, and no plans to initiate any positions within the next 72 hours. I wrote this article myself, and it expresses my own opinions. I am not receiving compensation for it (other than from Seeking Alpha). I have no business relationship with any company whose stock is mentioned in this article.

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Allogene Moves Forward With CAR-T Therapy Pipeline - Seeking Alpha

Heart-warming moment OAP meets mum who saved his life with anonymous stem cell donation after three years of – The Sun

THIS is the heart-warming moment a pensioner met the mum who saved his life with her anonymous stem cell donation after travelling 2,300 miles to thank her in person.

Jackie Wray, 50, met with her genetic twin, Siegfried Siggi Wahl, 71, in September after the pair spent more than three years communicating anonymously due to the laws surrounding stem cell donations.

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Siggi, from Hattersheim in Germany, was diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukaemia in April 2015 after he had suffered a stroke and doctors found the cancer when he was hospitalised.

After initial treatment proved unsuccessful, doctors told Siggi that his best chance of survival was a blood stem cell donation from a person with identical tissue type.

Luckily, just six months earlier, Siggis genetic twin Jackie, from, had signed up with blood cancer charity DKMS in 2015 after seeing a TV appeal for a child in urgent need of a donor.

And this moving video captures the moment Siggi met his angel Jackie at her home in Great Ayton, Middlesbrough for the first time earlier this year.

Jackie, who runs a wedding venue, said: Six months after being on the donor register, doctors had found a match I knew nothing about him at this stage, just that he was a man in Germany.

During the process, we both wanted to send cards to each other to check that each of us was alright, and I found out more information about him that way.

Jackie explained that donating her stem cells was like giving blood and lasted around four to five hours.

As a courier arrived to escort Jackies blood stem cells from London to Frankfurt, news broke of the 2016 terrorist attack in Paris, France, and the courier was unable to leave the UK.

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As Siggis wife Ursula sat at his bedside, doctors were worried the blood stem cells would not get to Siggi in time.

Dad-of-two Siggi said: The terrorist attack in France that delayed the stem cell courier shocked me and my wife, who was sitting next to my hospital bed with many tears in her eyes.

The next day, when the doctor came into my room, and said that the courier was on his way, and I had tears of joy in my eyes.

After Jackies stem cells finally arrived in Frankfurt , the transplant immediately went ahead.At one stage, Jackie had to donate extra blood plasma to Siggi, where she went through the same process as she did when harvesting the blood stem cells.

The extra donation meant it took them three years before they could finally meet.

This is because UK law states that whilst donors and their patients can communicate following the transplant, it must remain anonymous for at least the first two years.

The day their anonymity was waived, Siggi rang up Jackie straight away after exchanging email addresses, and after a very emotional conversation, the pair arranged to meet for the first time in the UK.

Jackie invited Siggi and his wife Ursula over to her home in Middlesbrough, where they stayed for three nights.

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During the trip, Siggi presented Jackie with a silver necklace with a pendant in the shape of an angel, to signify her saving his life.

Jackie said: When he arrived, there were lots of tears and lots of cuddling Siggi and his wife had made me a photo album with pictures of him during his treatment which just made me cry instantly.

Siggi added: For me, she is my angel that saved my life.

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Heart-warming moment OAP meets mum who saved his life with anonymous stem cell donation after three years of - The Sun