Stem Cell Clinic

Qrons Granted Exclusive World-Wide License by Dartmouth College for Intellectual Property Related to 3D Printable Materials in Human and Animal Health…

By Stem Cell Medicine

NEW YORK, NY, Oct. 14, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- via NEWMEDIAWIRE -- Qrons Inc. (OTCQB: QRON), an emerging biotechnology company developing advanced stem cell-synthetic hydrogel-based solutions for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries, including concussions and penetrating injuries, announced today that it has entered into an Intellectual Property License Agreement (the Agreement) with Dartmouth College for an exclusive world-wide license of Intellectual Property related to 3D printable materials in the fields of human and animal health. The Agreement provides for the payment by Qrons of initial and annual license fees and royalty payments based upon Qrons' product sales. The Agreement was signed on October 2, 2019 and is effective as of September 3, 2019.

Qrons is using the 3D process covered by the patent entitled Mechanically Interlocked Molecules-based Materials for 3D Printing as part of its injury specific 3D printable implants to treat penetrating brain injuries. Qrons is also a party to a Sponsored Research Agreement with Dartmouth to advance the license or ownership of additional Intellectual Property. The Qrons research team is working closely with Professor Chenfeng Ke, a member of Qrons Scientific Advisory Board and an inventor of the licensed 3D process, and PhD candidate Qianming Lin.

Ido Merfeld, Qrons Co-founder and Head of Product, commented, The intellectual property covered by this license has been instrumental in helping us advance our research on the treatment of penetrating brain injuries. We believe combining Qrons proprietary hydrogel with customizable 3D printing capabilities is an innovative approach to treating traumatic brain injuries, for which there are limited treatments.

Jonah Meer, Qrons Co-founder and CEO, added, Were excited to have concluded negotiations to acquire an exclusive license for this important intellectual property. There is a great need for our promising treatments, and this technology is an integral part of our work to develop innovative 3D printable, biocompatible advanced materials.

Chenfeng Ke, Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, stated, We are excited to partner with Qrons and continue the development of smart hydrogels with 3D printing capability for the treatment of traumatic brain injuries.

Nila Bhakumi, Director of Technology Transfer at Dartmouth, echoed Professor Kes comments and added, We are delighted with Dr. Kes collaboration with Qrons as they try to solve the very important problem of Traumatic Brain Injury.

About Dartmouth College

Founded in 1769, Dartmouth College is a member of the Ivy League and consistently ranks among the world's greatest academic institutions. Dartmouth has forged a singular identity for combining its deep commitment to outstanding undergraduate liberal arts and graduate education with distinguished research and scholarship in the Arts & Sciences and its three leading professional schools - the Geisel School of Medicine, Thayer School of Engineering, and the Tuck School of Business.

About Qrons Inc.

Headquartered in New York City, Qrons is a publicly traded emerging biotechnology company developing advanced stem cell-based solutions to combat neuronal injuries with a laser focus on traumatic brain injuries and concussions. The Company has two product candidates for treating TBIs, both integrating proprietary, modified mesenchymal stem cells ("MSCs") and smart synthetic material, QS100, an injury specific, 3D printable, implantable MSCs-synthetic hydrogel, to treat penetrating brain injuries and QS200, an injectable MSCs-synthetic hydrogel for the treatment of diffused injuries commonly referred to as concussions.

The Company is a party to a license and research funding agreement and related service agreements with Ariel Scientific Innovations Ltd., a wholly owned subsidiary of Ariel University, based in Ariel, Israel, and in addition to the world-wide exclusive intellectual property license, a Sponsored Research Agreement with Dartmouth College funding further research with Professor Chenfeng Ke and his team in the Chemistry Department, to develop innovative 3D printable, biocompatible advanced materials. For additional information, please visit http://www.qrons.com.

Forward Looking Statement

This press release contains forward-looking statements as defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Actual results may differ materially from those indicated by these forward-looking statements as a result of risks and uncertainties impacting the Company's business including increased competition; the ability of the Company to expand its operations, to attract and retain qualified professionals, technological obsolescence; general economic conditions; and other risks detailed from time to time in the Company's filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

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Qrons Granted Exclusive World-Wide License by Dartmouth College for Intellectual Property Related to 3D Printable Materials in Human and Animal Health...

Nobel Prizes in Cell Biology Over the Years – Technology Networks

By Stem Cell Medicine

In 1895, Alfred Nobel left a large part of his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes. As per his wishes, a portion of this was to be awarded each year to the person who shall have made the most important discovery within the domain of physiology or medicine. Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine has been awarded110 times to 219 Nobel Laureatesby the Nobel Assembly at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm, Sweden.

This year,the prize was jointly awardedtoWilliam G. Kaelin, Jr.,Sir Peter J. RatcliffeandGregg L. Semenzafor their discoveries of how cells sense and adapt to oxygen availability. Although it has been known for some time the importance of oxygen in sustaining life and the problems that can occur when levels become too low or high, it wasnt until the winning trios discovery that the molecular mechanisms which enable cells to sense oxygen levels and adapt appropriately to fluctuations were uncovered. The prize marks one of several awarded over the years for ground-breaking cell biology research. In this list we highlight seven of these and the remarkable discoveries behind them.

Autophagy is the process of self-eating that cells use to destroy and recycle their own cellular components. In the 1990s, Ohsumi used bakers yeast toidentify the genes and mechanisms underlying the process, leading to greater understanding of the role of autophagy in physiological processes and disease.

In 2013, the prize was awarded jointly toJames E. Rothman,Randy W. SchekmanandThomas C. Sdhof"for their discoveries of machinery regulating vesicle traffic, a major transport system in our cells."

The winning trio discovered how cells organize the transport of molecules around the cell by encapsulating them in vesicles. Schekman identified the genes required, Rothman the protein machinery, and Sdhof the signals. Efficient cellular transport is required for the delivery of many important molecules such as hormones and neurotransmitters, and problems in the system can cause a range of diseases.

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010 was awarded toRobert G. Edwards"for the development of in vitro fertilization."

Edwards discovered principles for human fertilization and in 1969, his work led to the successful fertilization of a human eggin vitrofor the first time. Since the first test tube baby was born in 1978,human in vitro fertilization (IVF)has resulted in an estimated eight million births to couples who were suffering from infertility.

2001 The Cell Cycle

In 2001, the prize was awarded jointly toLeland H. Hartwell,Tim HuntandSir Paul M. Nurse"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle."

The cell cycle is the process involving the growth of a cell, DNA synthesis and mitosis, to produce two daughter cells. Disruptions to the control of this cycle can lead to diseases such as cancer. Hartwell discovered genes controlling the cell cycle, such as start, Nurse identified one of the key regulators, CDK, and Hunt discovered proteins that regulate CDK.

The prize was awarded jointly toJ. Michael BishopandHarold E. Varmusin 1989 "for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes."

Oncogenes are a large family of genes which control the normal growth and division of cells and are implicated in the development of cancer. In 1976, Bishop and Varmus identified that retroviral oncogenes have a cellular origin and were not true viral genes. Their findings have led to greater understanding of the growth of cells, and how normal cells can transform into tumor cells.

Albert Claude,Christian de DuveandGeorge E. Paladewere jointly awarded the prize in 1974, "for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell."

The Nobel press release from the time stated how their accomplishments were largely responsible for the creation of modern Cell Biology. Claude played a large part in the application of the electron microscope for studying animal cells and the development of differential centrifugation. Palade later added important methodological improvements to both and combined the two techniques to make important structural-functional analyses of different cellular components such as the endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. de Duve used the techniques to discover lysosomes and the peroxisome.

What used to be a cell with components, the reality of which was often a matter of dispute and functions as a rule unknown is now a system of great organizational sophistication with units for the production of components essential to life and units for disposal of worn out parts and for defense against foreign organisms and substances, concluded the Nobel press release.

In addition to these seven examples, several other achievements in cell biology have been recognized by the Nobel Prize over the years, ranging from ion channels, to immunology, to cell death, highlighting the importance of the field to science.

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Nobel Prizes in Cell Biology Over the Years - Technology Networks

Coming Unstuck and Reaching Beyond Ourselves – ALS News Today

By Stem Cell Treatment

Before my husband, Todd, got ALS, we had minor problems, but we were full of hope. We had a small baby so I wasnt getting much sleep, but I knew that things would get better. Todd was sometimes frustrated with his work, but he hoped to be promoted. Our obstacles didnt seem to be insurmountable or permanent.

Challenges were harder once Todd was disabled because there was no hope. I went from sleepless nights for the sake of my children to sleepless nights to help my husband. Todd was no longer discouraged with his work because he couldnt work. He became restless when he had nothing to do. And I became increasingly tethered to home, as I cant leave him for more than a couple of hours.

We were feeling stuck.

Our situation reminds me of a scene from Groundhog Day. Phil Connors, played by Bill Murray, sits down with a couple of guys at a local bar and asks, What would you do if you were stuck in one place, and every day was exactly the same, and nothing you did mattered?

One of the men responds, That about sums it up for me.

Stuck in the small town of Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania, reliving the same day over and over, Phil eventually takes advantage of the time loop to improve himself. He learns to speak French, masters the piano, and becomes skilled at carving ice statues.

Disease and disability shrink our world. We can no longer enjoy the adventures we once did. We dont have control over our futures. But we can do some things.

We have taken advantage of our smaller world to develop new skills. Todd and I have learned the craft of writing, and he helps me to edit my books and articles. Ive become comfortable speaking to groups. Todd created my website, and he has become adept at drawing using his Orin HeadMouse. I make Christmas wreaths from Fraser fir branches and sell them at craft fairs.

In her book Becoming, Michelle Obama writes about how she rose above her working-class upbringing to become a lawyer. Her parents were proud of what the young Michelle Robinson had accomplished. But then after she met Barack, she realized it was one thing to get yourself out of a stuck place, but, it was another thing entirely to try and get the place itself unstuck.

In Groundhog Day, Phil remains stuck even after his self-improvements. He then uses his time loop to reach beyond himself. Every repeated day, he shows up at a restaurant at a particular time to perform the Heimlich maneuver on a choking man. He walks down a street to catch a boy who falls out of a tree. And he tries to save an old man from dying but doesnt succeed.

Sometimes people just die, a nurse tells him. But that doesnt stop Phil from showing compassion. Instead of trying to save him, he spends time with the man, buying him lunch at a local diner.

Phil made Punxsutawney a better place while he was stuck there.

The world is a better place when we reach beyond ourselves.

I admire Steve Gleason for what he has accomplished with Team Gleason the foundation helps people with ALS to access technology to improve their quality of life. Gleason also lobbied for legislation to change the federal policy limiting access to speech-generating devices for people with degenerative diseases.

Most people dont have the financial resources or connections to achieve as much as Gleason has. We can only do our best.

Ive come across bloggers and others on social media who have a wealth of knowledge about navigating ALS. When we have a problem to solve, I look to these folks for resources. Todd and I try to pay it forward. We created a YouTube channel, ALS 411, to share tips and advice about disabled living.

Shortly after Todds diagnosis, I was encouraged by Darcy Wakefields memoir, I Remember Running: The Year I Got Everything I Ever Wantedand ALS. It inspired us to tell our story in our book, Heavy, so that those who read it will know that they are not alone.

Matt Bellina received BrainStorms stem cell treatment under the Right to Try Act. NurOwn is showing positive results in some people with ALS whove been fortunate to get into the trials. Bellina regained his ability to stand up. Now he and others are advocating for the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to approve the experimental therapy immediately so that everyone with ALS can access the treatment.

Its good for our spirits to expand our experiences beyond ourselves, and its even better when we can make a difference in the world.

***

Note: ALS News Today is strictly a news and information website about the disease. It does not provide medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. This content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The opinions expressed in this column are not those of ALS News Today or its parent company, BioNews Services, and are intended to spark discussion about issues pertaining to ALS.

Kristin Neva is an author, blogger, mother of two, and caregiver for her husband, Todd, who has ALS.

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Coming Unstuck and Reaching Beyond Ourselves - ALS News Today

Cody Garbrandt looking at a March start for road back to the top – MMA Mania

By Stem Cell Treatment

Following a whirlwind 2016 that saw Cody Garbrandt fight four times and win the UFC bantamweight title, No Love has spent the last three years struggling to stay healthy. He only made it into the cage once a year in 2017, 2018, and 2019, with all three fights ending in KO or TKO. Any hope he had to turn 2019 around ended with a torn tendon in August.

But now Garbrandt sees the light at the end of the tunnel. In an interview with MMA Fighting during his managers Dominance MMA media day, the former 135 pound champ gave a timeline for his return and explained how hyped he was for the year to come.

You guys will see me soon, very soon, Garbrandt said. Almost cleared from my injuries, I tore another tendon, thats two tendons since last March. So hopefully by March or before if my body and mind are feeling up to it. Im excited to get back in, I cannot wait, I miss it.

You really dont get to understand, love, and respect something until its gone, he continued. And its been temporarily gone for me from injuries. Losses I can deal with, but injuries ... it takes a little bit. The healing process and being healthy are two different things. For me to be healthy in 2020, Im excited for that year and what it brings. The challenges and the adversaries that I have. The road back to the top.

For now hell just have to take satisfaction from his various pastimes, which apparently include breeding pitbulls (morally questionable but pretty adorable from what we can tell from the above video) and of course getting tattoos.

In another interview with TMZ, Garbrandt described the 25 hours he spent on the table getting a massive back tattoo done. Further complicating the ordeal was a stem cell injection treatment hed had on his spine just before his tattoo artist called him up.

When he went over the stem cell injection, where they injected from, and man ... woo! he said. That made your asshole pucker up a little bit!

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Cody Garbrandt looking at a March start for road back to the top - MMA Mania

Exclusive Growth Report on Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market 2019 Increasing Demand with Leading Key Players: J-ARM,U.S. Stem Cell,Celavet Inc. – Pledge…

By Stem Cell Treatment

The report on Global Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market added by CMR depicts the current & future growth trends of this business besides outlining details pertaining to the myriad geographies that are a part of the regional landscape of Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market. The report further elucidates intricate details regarding the supply and demand analysis, Market share, growth statistics and contributions by leading industry players of Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market.

These Animal Stem Cell Therapy industry trends for short-term, mid-term and long-term during the anticipate phase. Further, the report also covers key players profiling with comprehensive Animal Stem Cell Therapy SWOT analysis, financial facts and key developments of products/service from the past three years.

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Exclusive Growth Report on Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market 2019 Increasing Demand with Leading Key Players: J-ARM,U.S. Stem Cell,Celavet Inc. - Pledge...

Gasdermin D Hypermethylation Inhibits Pyroptosis And LPS-Induced IL-1b | ITT – Dove Medical Press

By Uncategorized

Jibran Sualeh Muhammad, Manju Nidagodu Jayakumar, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Thenmozhi Venkatachalam, Tom Kalathil Raju, Rifat Akram Hamoudi, Azzam A Maghazachi

College of Medicine, and the Immuno-Oncology Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates

Correspondence: Azzam A MaghazachiDepartment of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab EmiratesEmail amaghazachi@sharjah.ac.ae

Introduction: Although natural killer (NK) are major cells used to treat cancer patients, recent clinical trials showed that NK92 cells can be also used for the same purpose due to their high anti-tumor activity. Here, we examined whether these cells might be inflammatory due to the release of interleukin-1 (IL-1), and whether the anti-inflammatory molecules dimethyl fumarate (DMF), or monomethyl fumarate (MMF) impair this activity.Methods: NK92 cells were examined for the synthesis and release of IL-1 utilizing RT-PCR and ELISA assay, respectively. The expression of hydroxy-carboxylic acid receptors (HCA)1, HCA2 and HCA3 was detected by immunoblotting, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and RT-PCR assays. The activation of caspase-1 and Gasdermin D (GSDMD) was evaluated by immunoblot assay. Pyroptosis was demonstrated by immunofluorescence imaging. Expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) mRNA was determined by whole transcriptome and immunoblot analyses.Results: LPS-induced the release of IL-1 from NK92 cells, whereas DMF or MMF inhibited this induction. The effect of these drugs was due to inhibiting the conversion of procaspase-1 into active caspase-1. NK92 cells highly expressed GSDMD, a pyroptotic-mediated molecule. However, LPS induced the distribution of GSDMD into the cell membranes, corroborated with the presence of pyroptotic bodies, an activity that was inhibited by DMF or MMF. These molecule also inhibited the generation of GSDMD through DNMT-mediated hypermethylation of the promoter region of GSDMD gene. These results were supported by increased expression of DNMTs mRNA as determined by whole transcriptome analysis.Discussion: Our results are the first to show that NK92 cells utilize GSDMD pathway to release IL-1. Further, DMF and MMF which were previously shown to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity, also inhibit the inflammatory effects of these cells, making them most suitable for treating cancer patients.

Keywords: pyroptosis, gasdermin D, NK cells, IL-1, dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution - Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License.By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms.

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Gasdermin D Hypermethylation Inhibits Pyroptosis And LPS-Induced IL-1b | ITT - Dove Medical Press

The 2019 Nobel Prize In Medicine: Here Is What Won The Award – Forbes

By Uncategorized

Nobel Assembly member, Randall Johnson (R), speaks to announce the winners of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (L-R) Gregg Semenza of the US, Peter Ratcliffe of Britain and William Kaelin of the US, seen on a screen during a press

Dr. William G. Kaelin, Jr., Sir Peter J. Ratcliffe, and Dr. Gregg L. Semenza now have an extra line to add to their resumes or LinkedIn profiles. The Nobel Assembly announced on Monday that these three physician-scientists have been awarded the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for helping find ways that your body can sense and adapt to different levels of oxygen:

Winning this Prize will bring each of them a third of a 9 million Swedish kronor or $907,000 cash prize and an amazing retort to anyone else who may brag too much at a cocktail party. Of course, the Nobel Prize isnt their first accomplishment but instead serves as a tribute to three careers that have brought discoveries that may lead to new treatments for anemia and cancer.

Kaelin is currently a Professor at Harvard Medical School and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Born in 1957, he eventually got his M.D. from Duke University, Durham, and trained in internal medicine and oncology at Johns Hopkins University and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.

Ratcliffe wasnt a Sir yet when he was born in 1954. After studying medicine at Cambridge University and completing nephrology training at Oxford, he subsequently became the Nuffield Professor of Clinical Medicine at Oxford and the Director of Clinical Research at the Francis Crick Institute in London, Director for Target Discovery Institute at Oxford, a Member of the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, and knighted.

Semenza is a Professor of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University and Director of the Vascular Research Program at the Johns Hopkins Institute for Cell Engineering. He was born in 1956, obtained both an MD and a PhD from the University of Pennsylvania and completed residency training in pediatrics at Duke University and a post-doc at Johns Hopkins University.

To understand the importance of their discoveries, its important to understand the how your body needs complex ways to regulate oxygen levels. As you first learn when you try to put a sock over your head (dont try this, by the way), oxygen is pretty fundamental to everything that you do. Without it, the trillions and trillions of cells in your body couldnt survive and function. Each cell uses oxygen to help break down nutrients into energy. Thus, no oxygen, no energy. No energy, no cells, and no you. And no Instagramming and texting.

The trouble is oxygen, like macaroni and cheese and anything else good in life, isnt always present at the levels that you and all your cells would like. Oxygen levels can fluctuate in the air that you breathe and in different parts of your body. The ability of each of your cells to get oxygen can depend heavily on location, location, location, as the old real estate saying goes.

Think of your body as a large and complex metropolitan area with many different neighborhoods. Red blood cells are like little Ubers picking up oxygen at your lungs and then carrying the molecules of oxygen along your blood vessels, which serve as roads to different parts of your body. Just as the roads are different in different parts of the Boston area, the density and networks of blood vessels vary throughout your body. Thus, not every part of your body will always get the same amount of blood and oxygen. These differences can be exacerbated when your blood circulation in general decreases, such as when you are lying on the coach after eating way too much macaroni and cheese, or blood flow in a particular part of your body gets interrupted, such as when you are bleeding or have a blood clot.

Therefore, like a well-run city, your body needs ways of sensing whats going on in each of the neighborhoods and adjusting oxygen levels accordingly. One way of adjusting your bodys oxygen supply in general is by changing your breathing rate. The carotid arteries are the major blood vessels in your neck and the ones that often spurt blood in slasher horror movies. These arteries include structures called carotid bodies that can check the oxygen levels in the passing blood. If oxygen levels are too low, the carotid bodies sends signals through nerves to increase your breathing rate. If the oxygen levels are too high, the carotid bodies will signal to slow your breathing. While this may help the overall amount of oxygen getting into your lungs and blood circulation, it alone cant monitor and adjust the oxygen thats getting to more local levels throughout your body.

Another thing that regulates oxygen levels is EPO, which is pronounced like Emo but with a p instead of an m. EPO is short for erythropoietin, a hormone that can stimulate your body to produce more red blood cells and thus have more Ubers to deliver oxygen. When EPO levels rise, erythropoiesis, a fancy name for red blood cell production, increases. However, before the work of Semenza, Ratcliffe, and Kaelin and their respective teams, it wasnt clear exactly how oxygen levels were able to affect EPO levels.

Here is Dr. Gregg L. Semenza M.D., Ph.D at a press conference at Johns Hopkins Hospital after learning that he had won the Nobel Prize for Medicine. (Photo by John Strohsacker/Getty Images)

In the 1990s, both Semenzas and Ratcliffes teams found that all types of body tissues have the ability to sense oxygen levels, not just the kidney cells that produce EPO. Semenzas team found DNA sequences near the genes that code for EPO and continued to search for ways that the EPO gene is regulated. A HIF, HIF hooray moment came when they found a protein complex, which they named HIF for hypoxia-inducible factor. Hypoxia is a medical term for low oxygen. Thus, when George Costanza said on an episode of Seinfeld, oxygen, I need oxygen, he could have said, I have hypoxia, instead. Thus, hypoxia-induced means something that will be stimulated by low oxygen levels. The team eventually realized that this protein complex actually consists of two different proteins that can bind DNA, which they named HIF-1 and ARNT.

Experiments showed that when oxygen levels are high, cells have very low levels of HIF-1 because the HIF-1 thats produced gets rapidly degraded. However, when oxygen levels dip low, HIF-1, in the words of the Supremes, keeps on hanging on and doesnt degrade as quickly. Therefore, there is more HIF-1 around to stimulate the EPO genes to produce more EPO.

The difference seemed to be ubiquitin. Ubiqutin can bind to HIF-1 and mark it to go bye bye, which is what host of the game show The Weakest Link says to contestants before they must exit. In this way, ubiquitin serves as a label to say, please get rid of this.

But it still wasnt yet clear how lower oxygen levels could keep ubiquitin from binding to HIF-1. This is when Kaelins team entered the mix. They had been studying something seemingly unrelated, von Hippel-Lindaus disease, which is often abbreviated VHL disease. This is a condition that is inherited and includes mutations in the VHL gene. They observed that normally the VHL gene codes for proteins that seem to prevent certain cancers from developing. In VHL disease, mutations prevent this gene from working properly, allowing a number of different cancers to emerge.

William G Kaelin Jr., MD, speaks at the Dana Farber Cancer Institute on October 7, 2019 in Boston, Massachusetts. (Photo by Scott Eisen/Getty Images)

Here is an example of how starting on one path doesnt necessarily lead you to where you thought you would go and how the most interesting things in life can be unexpected. Kaelins team eventually realized that such cells with mutations in the VHL gene also expressed abnormally high levels of hypoxia-regulated genes, which made them wonder whether VHL played a role in regulating the response to low oxygen levels. This wasnt totally surprising since cancer cells also need oxygen to survive, and such cells cant always get the same access to blood and oxygen when they sit deep in the middle of tumors.

Indeed, additional work showed that the VHL genes produce proteins that then help connect ubiquitin to HIF-1 and thus label HIF-1 for destruction. In essence, VHL is like a warehouse inventory manager using ubiquitin as a label for get rid of this. But the scientists were still left with the question, how do oxygen levels influence whether VHL labels HIF-1 with ubiquitin?

The mystery step turned out to be prolyl hydroxylation. What-yl what-xylation? This is a process by which enzymes (calledprolyl hydroxylases) add hydroxyl groups to two parts of the HIF-1 protein. A hydroxyl group is a combination of an oxygen atom (designated by O) and hydrogen atom (designated by H) and symbolized by -OH. This process is necessary for the HIF-1 protein to be labeled and destroyed. Think of it as OH, lets get rid of this. When oxygen levels are lower, many HIF-1 proteins may not get this OH thus preventing the VHL-ubiquitin labeling process from occurring. The work of Kaelin, Semenz, and their teams thus found the final piece of the puzzle and said OH, thats how it works.

You can see how prolyl hydroxylases could play major roles in the treatment of anemia (which occurs when your red blood cell counts are low) and various cancers with their ability to ultimately regulate red blood cell production and oxygen delivery. Again, cancer cells need oxygen to survive. Starve them of oxygen and you may have a way of killing them.

It didnt seem like this trio of investigators started their independent scientific careers with the intent of all of this happening. While science needs some direction, you cant just go into a lab and start mixing things together, the best science often emerges from exploration and being curious and open to different possibilities. Semenza, Ratcliffe, and Kaelin clearly had the minds and abilities to do such science but they also had the time and resources to do so. Like body tissues do for varying oxygen levels, science and scientists need to have the ability and opportunity to adapt to what they may find. This may not occur as often these days when research funding is more limited and people and institutions are pushing for immediate returns on work. For the eventual benefit of humankind, scientists need to be able to say, OH, lets try this, and then find OH, what do we have here?

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The 2019 Nobel Prize In Medicine: Here Is What Won The Award - Forbes

Sarah Ferguson gets candid on using Botox, laser facelifts and stem cell therapy for her feet – Fox News

By Stem Cell Treatment

Sarah Ferguson is telling all on how shes fighting the signs of aging.

Ive had a lot of help to look like this at 60! the ex-wife of Prince Andrew told UKs Daily Mail newspaper on Thursday. Ferguson, nicknamedFergie, revealed shes a fan of non-invasive laser facelifts to keep her features youthful.

Ive started the laser treatment, but its not finished yet, said the proud mom of Princess Eugenie and Princess Beatrice. The collagen needs to rebuild. I hope it will all be done by my birthday.

PRINCESS MADELEINE, PRINCE CARL PHILIP OF SWEDENS CHILDREN LOSE THEIR ROYAL TITLES

The Duchess of York said she used the same treatmentlast year to prepare forPrincess Eugenies royal wedding. People magazine reported the laser lift is meant to work as a natural facelift, stimulating collagen and refinishing skin texture.

Sarah Ferguson, Duchess of York, and Princess Beatrice of York arrive for the royal wedding of Princess Eugenie and Jack Brooksbank at St George's Chapel in Windsor Castle, Windsor, Britain October 12, 2018. (Reuters)

I dont like the frozen look, said Ferguson, who turns the big 6-0 on Oct. 15. Im so animated and I like to be myself. I dont like the thoughts of needles and am very glad if I look well and happy Im really happy to be open about what Ive had done.

ELIZABETH HURLEY MET MEGHAN MARKLE BEFORE PRINCE HARRY DID: 'SHE WAS FANTASTIC'

Ferguson admitted that in the past, she has tried Botox. But these days, Ferguson insisted she relies on more minimally invasive treatments. Shes a fan of mesotherapy, which uses injections of vitamins, minerals and amino acids to boost collagen production. Ferguson said the treatment was the right choice for her after years of sun damage.

I need to repair the damage that was done on the beach when I was a child, she said. Its why I had the mesotherapy, the vitamin cocktail to hydrate and boost the skin.

After that therapy session in 2013, Ferguson said she had a facial thread lift, which involves inserting amesh of medically advanced threads under the skin, lifting the face and smoothing away fine lines.

KATE MIDDLETON'S BROTHER JAMES ANNOUNCES ENGAGEMENT TO FRENCH GIRLFRIEND ALIZEE THEVENET

Sarah Ferguson arrives for the wedding ceremony of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle at St. George's Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor, near London, England, Saturday, May 19, 2018. (AP)

ELTON JOHN WRITES QUEEN ELIZABETH SLAPPED HER NEPHEW ACROSS THE FACE IN FRONT OF HIM IN NEW BOOK

Its like garden trellising for sweat peas, said Ferguson. You insert the threads under the skin with a fine needle and they hold everything up. They also encourage collagen production. It takes a couple of months, then the sweat peas blood.

Before I had it done I thought, Oh, this is going to be so painful, but it wasnt bad, Ferguson continued. My skin responded well. I think if you look at photos of me after I had it done, I look much better.

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And her face wasnt the only thing Ferguson focused on.

According to the outlet, Ferguson traveled to the Bahamas earlier this year to have regenerative stem cell therapy on her feet.

PRINCESS BEATRICE ENGAGED TO EDOARDO MAPELLI MOZZI

Sarah Ferguson is getting candid about how she's fighting the signs of aging. (Reuters)

PRINCESS CHARLOTTE 'LOVES' UNICORNS, DAD PRINCE WILLIAM SAYS

I think my toes were ruined by all the riding I did when I was young, she explained, pointing to her big toe. They shaved the bone here and implanted stem cells, 20 million of them taken from my midriff, into my feet to make new cartilage. It takes about six months to heal but now I can walk in heels!

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Sarah Ferguson gets candid on using Botox, laser facelifts and stem cell therapy for her feet - Fox News

Drexel on the Road: Stem cell study for osteoarthritis – WKRG News 5

By Stem Cell Treatment

PENSACOLA, Fla. (WKRG) Osteoarthritis affects millions of people in the US. Symptoms range from minor pain to crippling pain that compromises quality of life. A groundbreaking study is underway at four prestigious research facilities in the United States. One of those is right here on the Gulf Coast. Tonight, Drexel Gilbert is on the road in Gulf Breeze.

Lori Jamison is a Pensacola native who, as a teenager, played basketball at Pine Forest High School. Today, she suffers from osteoarthritis in her knee. She believes its a result of basketball injuries.

I get stiffness, it interferes with my mobility. Sometimes its like a sharp needle going down your leg. When I go to the movie theater, I have to sit on the back row so I can stretch it out, Jamison said. She is participating in a clinical trial at Andrews Research and Education Foundation in Gulf Breeze.

The research is studying stem cell treatment for osteoarthritis in the knee. AREF is one of only four facilities in the country participating in the study. The others are Emory Orthopedics & Spine Center, Duke University and Sanford Health. Researchers hope it leads to FDA approval for the treatment. If that happens, it could be life-changing for patients.

Hopefully reduce their pain if not actually get rid of their pain. That is our goal. We want to delay, if not prevent, total knee replacement, said Dr. Josh Hackel, who is the primary investigator for the Andrews phase of the study. Were comparing three different stem cell sources. Bone marrow from their pelvis, adipose- thats tissue from their belly fat- and the third is umbilical cord tissue donated from pregnant mothers.

The bone marrow and belly fat stem cells are harvested from the study participants, under local anesthesia. The stem cells are later implanted into the knee joint using ultrasound guidance to implant the cells into the knee joint.

Jamison has already undergone stem cell harvesting.

It was very easy, very convenient, no downtime after the procedure was done, Jamison said

This $13 million clinical trial is being funded entirely by a grant from Bernie Marcus, founder of the Marcus Foundation and co-founder of Home Depot. Osteoarthritis is an issue that is close to the philanthropists heart because his mother was left disabled by the illness at a young age.

There will be around 120 participants at each of the four sites. There are plenty of openings. If youd like to be considered for the study, call AREF at 850-916-8591.

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Drexel on the Road: Stem cell study for osteoarthritis - WKRG News 5

Sarah Ferguson was in pain during Eugenies wedding – and needed treatment to recover – Express

By Stem Cell Treatment

The Duchess of York, affectionately known as Fergie by the British public, decided to have pioneering regenerative stem cell therapy to be able to wear heels again. Fergie had to give up on her stilettos for a long time due to the excruciating pain she felt every time she tried to walk in them. And if she forced herself to wear high heels to mark important occasions she had to endure pain throughout the whole day.

Her feet caused Fergie trouble even during Princess Eugenies wedding last October.

Speaking to the Daily Mail, the Duchess of York said her feet were in such pain she felt relieved to be able to sit down in the pew and rest them for a while before Eugenie entered St Georges Chapel.

The source of the pain seemed to be her big toe, and now, thanks to regenerative stem cell therapy the Duchess is no longer in pain every time she opts to wear shows other than flats.

Fergie headed to the Bahamas to undergo stem cell therapy - an alternative to surgery which is yet to be proven fully safe and effective on humans and is therefore not widely available in the UK.

Speaking about her trip, she said: I went to the Bahamas in March to have the treatment.

I think my toes were ruined by all the riding I did when I was young.

They shaved the bone here and implanted stem cells 20 million of them taken from my midriff into my feet to make new cartilage.

It takes about six months to heal but now I can walk in heels!

READ MORE:The touching reason Beatrice will have British wedding

Fergie underwent a series of treatments during the years, including vitamin injections, organic fillers and botox - which she had a long time ago, when there was nothing else available.

Ahead of Eugenies wedding, Fergie underwent laser treatment to look her best.

Fergie attributed her glowing skin on October 12, the day of Princess Eugenies wedding, to her happiness.

But she also revealed she did seek the help of a professional to improve her natural beauty.

She said: The happiness was shining out of me because my daughter was getting married.

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I was so glad. I love Jack. When Im passionate about anything, my eyes shine.

Above all, it was being joyful for Eugenie that made me look good.

But Id had some laser treatment on my face which helped, too.

Despite having used several techniques to stave off ageing, Fergie said there is one she is no longer going to have - Botox.

She said: I had Botox a long time ago when there was nothing else available.

I really dont like the frozen look.

Im so animated and I like to be myself.

I dont like the thought of needles and am very glad if I look well and happy.

Fergie also said she has stopped sunbathing after suffering two losses in her life which helped her realise she must take care of her skin just as well as any other organs.

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Sarah Ferguson was in pain during Eugenies wedding - and needed treatment to recover - Express

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