Stem Cell Clinic

The Ethics Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Viewpoint Essay

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Posted at 12.05.2018

Since its breakthrough in 1963, (SC His, 2004) Stem Cell Research has helped the look and developing of cures which had looked like impossible mere generations earlier. Since then, huge progress has been made in finding better and more efficient means of utilizing these stem skin cells, and the huge benefits they offer. However, as with all revolutionary innovations, stem cell research goes on to handle opposition on different fronts, with many thinking it to be something inherently unethical. Such disagreement on the use of individuals embryonic stem cell (hESC) research predicated on religious and honest grounds must turn into a thing of days gone by, since the medicinal cures for diseases and disabilities which range from burns and spinal-cord accidents, to Parkinson's disease and even cancer tumor, make hESC research a miracle therapy that will make current disease something of days gone by.

Stem cells are essentially primitive cells having the ability to become all or almost all of the different types of cells in the body. Stem cells have usually been defined as not fully driven to be any particular type of cell or cells. They could be either "pluripotent" (as is the situation with hESC) where they can become any sort of tissues or "multipotent" (which is what "adult" stem cells are) and have the ability to transform only into certain types of muscle. Stem cells are unique from other cell types because they're simply unspecialized skin cells capable of renewing themselves, sometimes even after long cycles of inactivity, and this 's the reason which makes them so important (Irving).

Scientists been employed by with two kinds of stem skin cells from family pets and humans: embryonic or "pluripotent" stem skin cells and non-embryonic or "adult" stem cells. It really is of significant importance that the leading scientists in the study of mature stem cells present compelling arguments on why we must pursue research on both pluripotent and adult stem cells. Although some stem cells are present in men and women, there might not be a person adult stem cell for every kind of cell in the torso. The main thing to keep in mind is the fact pluripotent and mature stem skin cells also differ in their quality. Pluripotent stem cells have almost miraculous capacity to self-renew and also form numerous cell types, however in contrast the full potential of mature stem cells is uncertain, and a sizable amount of information suggests that they may be more limited. Because of these constraints, it is of extreme importance that research is pursued on both pluripotent and adult stem cells together (Lim).

The features of hESC

There are several different reasons why specific research of real human pluripotent stem skin cells might trigger better treatment, or ideally even cures, of several diseases.

Firstly, pluripotent stem skin cells could help us to understand the complex happenings that occur during normal human development. This research can identify the factors involved in the cellular decision-making process that results in cell field of expertise. For instance why do some skin cells become heart skin cells, while other skin cells become liver cells? A better understanding of the normal functions of skin cells would greatly boost the database of scientific knowledge whose aim would be to find the mistakes in these procedures and finally find ways to repair them (Marshall).

Secondly, and most importantly, real human pluripotent stem cells be capable of generate skin cells and tissue that could be used for "cell transplantation remedies, " These therapies would be targeted at finding ways to cure the diseases and disorders resulting from the dysfunctioning of specific types of cells and muscle. Although donated organs can, and are, sometimes used to replace diseased or destroyed tissue, the pure number of people suffering from the number of the disorders is much larger than the amount of organs or cells available for transplantation. By rousing pluripotent stem skin cells to build up into specialized skin cells and tissue, we have anticipation of finding ways to replace cells and tissue and therefore be able to treat a multitude of diseases, conditions and disabilities. (Van Der Kooy).

Ethical Considerations

Ethics is generally thought as "the rules of conduct accepted in respect to a particular class of individuals actions or a specific group, culture". (Dictionary. com) Ethics, however, cannot be considered as being truly a professional body of knowledge. Ethics is quite simply a conversation about questions. In that dialogue, everyone has a place. Most of us have our own moral intuitions. Relating to embryonic stem cell research, the question that we face is the long standing one of if the end justifies the means? Opponents of hESC research will probably claim that it is wrong to use embryos as a mere methods to our ends somewhat than as ends in themselves. This discussion boasts that since in destroying the embryo we are employing this "life" or "individual" as a means towards various other individual being's end, then it is incorrect to damage this embryo. The simple and understandable response by advocates of hESC research is that the embryo will be destroyed in any case, and the fair move to make is to utilize it to help another individual instead of throwing it away. Why should we avoid the curing of men and women on the basis of religious morality, it is merely not acceptable for the present day times in which we reside in.

A Slippery Slope

The slippery slope objection simply claims that after we start down the road of the creation of life only to eliminate it for other's purposes or benefits, then we won't be able to set restrictions to the risks imposed on our "to life. " It's advocated that since the proponents of hESC research justify early embryo damage and completely overlook the embryo's natural moral status, the end result will be a diminishing of respect for all individuals generally. What follows, because of this objector, is that such justification of the damage of early on embryos will lead to a rationale which could justify harmful tests on other individuals subjects. Although some slippery slope quarrels are valid due to the logical dynamics of the move from one situation to another, the current argument is significantly a far more psychological one when compared to a logical one. It is basically an argument that in taking current activities our thoughts will deteriorate and we will not be able to clearly assess our future decisions which may be wrong. That is an argument which has outlasted its sensible use. Since even the greatest nations on earth have come to understand that hESC research is vital to the continuation of the movement of human being knowledge. The one puzzling factor is the amount of folks who still believe scientific research such as this should be quit based on morality. It is a paradox that must definitely be fixed if we are to progress into an improved tomorrow for population (Lanza, Cibelli).

Future Endeavors

Research on stem skin cells continues to move forward knowledge about the countless unknowns related to the creation of individuals life, and also other organisms. Stem cell research is a remarkable field of research, but much like many expanding domains of scientific study, it increases questions as quickly as it creates new answers. An effective understanding must be produced, signifying the fact that the damage of a given amount of embryos will not alter the continuing future of the whole human race as considerably as some seem to be to predict. The grave evil that we affiliate with the damage of human life-and more broadly with using people as methods to an end- seems to reflects the actual fact that such destruction is either dreadful for the individuals whose lives are damaged or used, unlike their will. Embryos, however, are very different, since their damage does not have any meaning on their behalf or anyone else for example, unless they can be averted from being treated due to ethical restrictions. We must treat embryos in the manner which benefits mankind to its fullest magnitude. This will not entail using them however we see fit, whatever the consequences; but there is absolutely no reasonable reason to forgo the large benefits, and the very helpful discoveries that doctors and scientists expect will follow from intense research on hESCs. There is absolutely no reason why the near future should not commence around.

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The Ethics Of Embryonic Stem Cell Research Viewpoint Essay

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Overview – genengnews.com

By Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

February 15, 2010 (Vol. 30, No. 4)

Vi Chu Ph.D. R&D manager EMD Millipore

Review of Opportunities and Challenges in this Rapidly Expanding Field of Study

The ability to reprogram somatic cells to generate induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has generated tremendous interest and discussion since iPS cells were first produced from mouse cells in 2006 and human cells in 2007.

The reversion of differentiated cells to a state resembling embryonic stem cells offers a wealth of opportunities for disease researchers. Interest in iPS cells is expanding rapidly beyond the domain of stem cell experts to researchers modeling complex diseases in vitro and pursuing novel therapeutics.

With iPS cell technology, you can now take a skin biopsy from a patient with a genetic disease such as familial Alzheimer or Lou Gehrig disease and turn their somatic cells into stem cells, explains Chad Cowan, Ph.D., of the Harvard Stem Cell Institute. You can then take those stem cells and turn them into cell types that might be affected in the disease.

Along with the opportunities offered by iPS cells, practical challenges still abound. Culturing stem cells relies on both science and art and defining just what exactly constitutes a stem or iPS cell is stimulating a good deal of discussion.

Having standards for iPS cells could help define the differences between these murine embryonic stem cells and their induced counterparts.

Disease Modeling

Dr. Cowans lab is using iPS cells to support studies of obesity and metabolic disorders. While the lab can easily obtain fat cells from patients, these cells cant be cultured over the long term. We can keep the fat cells alive for a short period of time but that only allows us to do a one-time endpoint assay. It doesnt allow us to tease out the complexities of what might be going wrong in a patient with a metabolic disorder. The ability to make patient-specific fat cells from iPS cells completely changes the game.

With iPS cells, the lab can conduct dozens of assays to identify differences in fat cells from a person with a metabolic disorder such as type 2 diabetes versus a person with normal body weight or someone without diabetes. The ability to take a single genotype and potentially make any of the tissues that might be involved in a metabolic disorder such as hypothalamus, pancreatic beta cells, and hepatocytes, could lead to powerful disease models.

In his lab at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Dennis Clegg, Ph.D., is using iPS cells as one tool to study the loss of vision in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In AMD, the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells appears to cause the death of neighboring rods and cones in the macular region of the central retina.

Dr. Cleggs lab is evaluating the use of iPS-derived RPE cells to treat AMD and using iPS cell lines to create ocular cells, which can be used to study how the eye develops. The real utility of iPS cells is that you can study human cells and processes in ways you couldnt do before, notes Dr. Clegg.

Culture Challenge

iPS cells, in particular those that are human-derived, can be challenging to culture especially for those researchers who havent previously worked with stem cells. The challenges they present are similar to those encountered when culturing human embryonic stem cells, including:

For researchers who havent previously cultured stem cells, I suggest first working with mouse-derived iPS cells. These cells tend to be more robust than human cells and conditions for successful culture are well defined. Many researchers first test their hypotheses using mouse iPS cells and then transition to a human model system.

The technology to create iPS cells is evolving rapidly. The first studies reporting the creation of iPS cells used retroviral vectors to integrate a set of DNA transcription factors directly into the somatic cell genome. Upon activation, these genes convert the cells from their adult, differentiated status to an embryonic-like state. This process required multiple retroviral vectors in order to insert four different viruseseach vector delivering one reprogramming gene into the somatic cells DNA.

Since these first studies were published, researchers have been seeking ways to reprogram somatic cells without using retroviral vectors and avoiding use of transcription factors such as c-Myc that are known oncogenes. Viral delivery of transcription factors can also disrupt normal gene expression when the vectors integrate into the genome. The high number of genomic integrations15 to 20that typically occur when multiple viruses are used for reprogramming poses a safety risk if the cells are to be used for therapeutic purposes.

Recently, Boston University scientists developed a highly efficient method for creating iPS cells from mouse fibroblasts using a single viral vector instead of the multiple viruses typically required for reprogramming. Four commonly used vectors are incorporated into a single lentiviral vector containing all four genes.

If iPS cells are to be used for therapeutic purposes, permanent integration of transcription factors into the genome becomes a problem. Alternative approaches to reprogramming include use of adenoviral delivery as the adenovirus does not integrate into the genome and transient transfection with transcription factors. Ultimately, it may be possible to use proteins or small molecules to direct the reprogramming process.

Standards, Anyone?

The rapid development and continued evolution of iPS technology has sparked discussions about the need for establishing standards to guide the field.

As researchers seek new methods to create iPS cells without genetic modification and the use of these cells to develop disease models continues to expand rapidly, questions arise as to whether these cells have the same properties and potential as embryonic stem cells. How can a researcher know for certain that he or she has generated iPS cells? Is there a minimum set of criteria for assessing whether a somatic cell is fully pluripotent or only partially reprogrammed?

Adding to this complexity, researchers also seek to understand the variation between iPS cell lines derived from a common somatic source.

Dr. Cleggs lab is looking at the similarities and differences between iPS cell lines derived from human fetal RPE cells. The question we were trying to address, describes Dr. Clegg, is if we take those cells down to iPS cells and just let them spontaneously differentiate, will they have some sort of epigenetic memory and tend to re-differentiate back into RPE or something else?

The first line we looked at snapped back in large quantities to RPE cells, reports Dr. Clegg. But each subsequent line we looked at was different. Thats an important lesson for people to understandeach iPS line thats generated is slightly different, just like each embryonic stem cell line is slightly different. They have different propensities for differentiation. They may have different epigenetics. They may have different expression patterns.

Were still learning to define what is the best iPS cell, notes Dr. Cowan. The best function identically to an embryonic stem cell. It remains pluripotent, expands, and self-renews and it can differentiate into the types of tissues youre interested in.

An article by Maherali and Hochedlinger (Cell Stem Cell Protocol Review, December 4, 2008) suggests a minimal set of criteria that should be fulfilled in order to ascertain that a genuine iPS cell has been generated. The criteria include:

With human iPS cells, pluripotency can be assessed based on teratoma formation, which is a specific type of tumor containing cells from all three germ layers.

Researchers are also probing the similarity of iPS cell and embryonic cells through microarray studies, high-throughput sequencing, assessment of DNA methylation status at pluripotent cell specific genes, and by examining a range of protein biomarkers.

As our understanding of the similarities and differences between iPS cells and embryonic stem cells grows, new tools to identify and compare these cell types are needed. For example, live-cell imaging can be used to distinguish between human iPS cells and partially reprogrammed cells.

While standards provide a good basis of comparison, Dr. Cowan suggests that standards can be restrictive. The standards are naturally evolving. We certainly need to maintain a minimum standard and recognize the standard will change over time. Within a year or two, there will probably be a new set of guidelines available. But there may be times when you may not want to make something that is an embryonic cell.

In fact, it may be more to your advantage to somehow uniquely trap a cell so that it is lineage-committed to something that can replicate in culture indefinitely but really only thinks of itself as lung, for example, and so would only ever differentiate back to lung cell types.

While a great deal remains to be learned about iPS cells, they represent a powerful new research tool. In addition to their potential impact on the field of regenerative medicine, use of iPS cells to dissect complicated diseases at the cellular level will provide valuable new insights supporting drug discovery. As we learn more about the nature of iPS cells, standards will certainly evolve and new tools will become available to facilitate efficient creation and routine culture.

Vi Chu, Ph.D. (vi_chu@millipore.com), is R&D manager, stem cell/cell biology at Millipore.

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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Overview - genengnews.com

Umbilical Stem Cell Hino Medical Center

By Stem Cell Medical Center

BENEFICIAL FOODS

Serotonin generating foods:Squash, pumpkin, turnips, and celery.

Calcium rich foods:Salmon, sardines, green leafy vegetables, collards, filberts, kale, kelp, mustard greens, prunes, turnip greens, and watercress.

Magnesium rich foods:Avocados, brewers yeast, dulse, green leafy vegetables, salmon, and watercress.

Potassium rich foods:Avocados, brewers yeast, dulse, raisins, and winter squash.

B complex rich foods:Folic acid is in green leafy vegetables, asparagus, and spinach. Vitamin B6 is in poultry, fish oil, vegetables, sunflower seeds. Vitamin B12 is in poultry, fish and fish oil.

Seaweedssuch as wakame and kombu contain sulfated fucoidans which support bone marrow stem cells production.

Avocadosalso contain tyrosine, a mood elevator. The processing of tyrosine in nervous tissue is associated with the growth and guidance of nerve pathways.

Ginsengfor two months can assist with both stem cell growth and stem cell differentiation into specialized cells.

Ginkgo Bilobaalso assists with stem cell growth and differentiation. However do not take this if you are taking other medications.

DHA(docosahexaenoic acid) rich fish and seafood. This omega 3 fatty acid plays a role in nerve cell growth, cognition and also modulates inflammatory responses.

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Umbilical Stem Cell Hino Medical Center

Embryonic Stem Cells and Artificial Stem Cells Are …

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Artificial stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells, were made from embryonic stem cells, and then turned into the neural cells pictured here. These artificial stem cells showed a differentiation potential equal to that of embryonic stem cells. [Jiho Choi, HSCI]

Comparing embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can be a little like comparing apples and oranges. Or to put it another way, apples-to-apples comparisons can be hard to arrange because embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells may be genetically distinct. In fact, they usually reflect sex, race, and ancestral differences. So, when embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells behave differently, as they often do, there is no telling if variations come down to basic genetic differences, or if variations are due to the rigors of reprogrammingwhich adult cells must endure to achieve artificial or induced pluripotency, but which embryonic stem cells are spared.

Because apples-to-apples comparisons are so hard to come by, stem cell scientists have never been able to agree whether embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells are equivalent. Even after performing hundreds of experiments, stem cell scientists remained divided. Some experiments suggested that the two types of stem cells functioned similarly and could be used interchangeably, and other experiments suggested that they were fundamentally different.

To help resolve the controversy, stem cell scientists based at Harvard Medical School contrived an experiment that was as much of an apples-to-apples comparison as they could manage. They tricked human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into becoming human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) by first coaxing hESCs to form skin cells. Then they reprogrammed those skin cells into hiPSCs. Finally, they compared the gene products of the hiPSCs with those of the hESCs.

The results of the comparison would be telling, the scientists reasoned, because the hESCs and the hiPSCs were genetically identical. The comparison, it turned out, indicated that the different types of stem cell could not be distinguished by a consistent gene expression signature and were, in the scientists words, molecularly and functionally equivalent.

Details of the scientists work appeared October 26 in the journal Nature Biotechnology, in an article entitled, A comparison of genetically matched cell lines reveals the equivalence of human iPSCs and ESCs.

Here we use genetically matched hESC and hiPSC lines to assess the contribution of cellular origin (hESC vs. hiPSC), the Sendai virus (SeV) reprogramming method and genetic background to transcriptional and DNA methylation patterns while controlling for cell line clonality and sex, wrote the authors. We find that transcriptional and epigenetic variation originating from genetic background dominates over variation due to cellular origin or SeV infection.

When the scientists examined the gene products from the hESC and hiPSC cells, they found that only about 50 of the 200,000 genes that make up the human genome were expressed differently. Whats more, the differentially expressed genes were transcribed at such low levels that any apparent transcriptional difference between hESC and hiPSC cells may be nothing more than transcriptional noise.

Finally, the researchers assessed the functional properties of their ES and iPS cell lines. The researchers found that the cell lines had equal potentials to differentiate into neural cells and a variety of other specialized cell lineages.

When using these cell lines and assays, and after considering a number of technical and biological variables, we find that ES cells and iPS cells are equivalent, said Konrad Hochedlinger, Ph.D., a principal faculty member at the Harvard Stem Cell Institute and a senior author of the Nature Biotechnology paper. Dr. Hochedlinger added the caveat that not all practical applications can account for the variables, and that the science has not yet advanced to where iPS cells can replace embryonic stem cells in every situation.

Embryonic stem cells are still an important reference point, against which other pluripotent cells are compared, noted Dr. Hochedlinger. Along those lines, this study increases the 'value' of iPS cells.

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Embryonic Stem Cells and Artificial Stem Cells Are ...

PRP & Stem Cell Treatment in Richmond VA – Dr. Bill Nordt …

By Stem Cell Treatment

If youve been told that surgery was the only option to relieve your joint pain, you may considerStem Cell Therapy or Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) Injection Therapyoffered by Dr. Nordt in Richmond, Virginia.

It is said that every pain has a story.Your situation and your pain are unique. Accordingly, you should expect treatment that is tailored specifically for you. Although Stem Cell and PRP Injection Therapy isnt for everyone, if youre suffering from acute or chronic pain in your knees, shoulders or hips, you may want to investigate these new fields of regenerative therapy.

These treatments use your bodys own repair mechanism and growth factors to promote healing.Stem cell therapy can be used to address various knee conditions.Many research laboratories are applying stem cell therapy to painful joint conditions.In theory, these cells can replicate, regenerate and restore healthy cellular tissue in areas of delayed or failed healing.

Stem Cell Therapy is a cutting-edge treatment that can be used to treat the pain and symptoms associated with a damaged joint. Pain from joint injury and deterioration is the result of multiple factors, including tissue damage, edema, and inflammation. Whenever possible, efforts to promote natural healing should be utilized. In those instances that ones own healing mechanism is inadequate, measures to jump-start the process may be indicated.

Stem cells are precursor cells and possess the capacity to transform into multiple tissue types. Stem cells are thought to have the potential to stimulate new growth and repair connective tissue. These cells enhance the bodys natural ability to heal itself, either through cell-to-cell mediation or genetic upregulation and matrix production.

Stem cells are either syringe- injected or surgically implanted into a joint to promote healing of the damaged ligaments, tendons and cartilage.

It should be noted that stem cells are still considered experimental in many orthopedic applications. Small or lesser degrees of tissue damage is more likely to benefit from any biological intervention. Stem cells may impart a mechanism to control inflammation, and in that event, can be helpful in any joint condition in which inflammation is a factor.

We are still in the process of understating just which conditions are most amenable to stem cell treatment. It is expected that over time, the indications and processes of stem cell injections will broaden.

Stem cells can be harvested from ones own bone marrow with a needle, known as a bone marrow aspiration or BMA. This can be performed under local or general anesthesia or with sedation. The bone marrow aspiration may be part of a larger surgery or a stand-alone procedure.

Stem cells can also be sourced from laboratories which are commercially prepared. Many commercial preparations are from the amniotic fluid of healthy newborns. They are delivered frozen and injected with a syringe.

Dr. Nordt is considered to be one of Richmonds leading providers of Stem Cell Therapy to be used in the treatment of degenerative various knee and shoulder disorders. To learn more about Stem Cell Therapy, contact Dr. Nordt s staff for more information.

Platelets are small discs that are derived from the fragmentation of precursor megakaryocytes. They play an important role in hemostasis and are a natural source of growth factors. Platelets are one of the key factors in forming blood clots and helping wounds heal.

Platelet Rich Plasma, or PRP, is blood plasma with concentrated amounts of platelets and other growth factors. The high levels of platelets found in PRP contain huge reservoirs of bioactive proteins, including growth factors and signaling proteins that are vital to initiate and accelerate tissue repair and regeneration.

To create Platelet Rich Plasma, a small amount of blood is taken from the patients arm. This blood is then placed in a centrifuge, where it is spun and the platelets are separated from the rest of the blood components. This takes less than 15 minutes and increases the concentration of platelets and growth factors up to 500%.

The specially prepared platelets are taken and reinjected into and around the point of injury. At this point in the process, the platelets release special growth factors that lead to tissue healing. By injecting injured areas with concentrated platelets, we can increase the growth factors up to five times which promotes temporary relief, is thought to promote overall healing, and stop any inflammation at the site of the injury.

PRP injection is a treatment option for various orthopedic injuries and conditions, which have traditionally required surgery or other extensive treatments. PRP injections are being utilized with increasing frequency and effectiveness in the field of orthopedic medicine.

Some common injuries that are treated with PRP injections include:

PRP injections are a fairly quick procedure that consists of drawing the blood to create Platelet Rich Plasma, preparing the PRP in the centrifuge, and then injecting the PRP into the affected area. The whole process is fairly quick and doesnt require anesthesia. This is a highly effective treatment that can be used to avoid intrusive joint surgery that would require a much longer period of rehabilitation.

Dr. Nordt is one or Richmonds leading providers of PRP Injection Therapy for the use of alleviating muscle and joint pain related to various orthopedic injuries and conditions. To learn more about PRP Injection Therapy, contact Dr. Nordts staff for more information.

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PRP & Stem Cell Treatment in Richmond VA - Dr. Bill Nordt ...

Stem Cell Therapy for Knees: Definitive Guide [with Patient …

By Stem Cell Treatment

The stem cell procedure for the treatment of knee pain is minimally invasive, takes about 3 hours, and patients walk out of the office on their own following treatment. To start, stem cells are harvested from your abdominal or love handle fat using high tech, minimally-invasive liposuction equipment. Stem cells from your bone marrow are also utilized. The bone marrow concentrate is harvested using a specially designed, low-trauma needle which is placed into the posterior iliac crest under live x-ray guidance.

Mild IV sedation, in combination with local anesthetic, is used to provide patient comfort during the procedure. The harvested cells are then prepared for injection using an advanced separation and centrifugation process.

With the use of live x-ray guidance, the cells and growth factors are injected into the affected knee joint under sterile conditions. Dr. Brandts extensive experience with knee injections, along with the aid of the appropriate image guidance, ensures the cells are reaching their targeted area so you have the best chance for improvement.

To complement the high stem cell count achieved with the use of adipose derived stem cells, we often utilize PRP, A2M, and placental derived growth factors during our knee procedures and follow-up treatments.

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Stem Cell Therapy for Knees: Definitive Guide [with Patient ...

Goodie Mob – Cell Therapy

By Uncategorized

Goodie Mob's official music video for 'Cell Therapy'. Click to listen to Goodie Mob on Spotify: http://smarturl.it/GMobSpotify?IQid=G...

As featured on Dirty South Classics. Click to buy the track or album via iTunes: http://smarturl.it/GMobDSCiTunes?IQid... Google Play: http://smarturl.it/GMobCTplay?IQid=GM... Amazon: http://smarturl.it/GMobDSCAmz?IQid=GM...

More from Goodie Mob They Don't Dance No Mo': https://youtu.be/vDmGnGueik8 Black Ice (Sky High): https://youtu.be/F9ULbmCvmxY Soul Food: https://youtu.be/nKO43xG66OI

More great Classic Hip Hop videos here: http://smarturl.it/ClassicHipHop?IQid...

Follow Goodie Mob Website: http://goodiemobmusic.com/ Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/GoodieMobMusic Twitter: https://twitter.com/GoodieMobMusic Instagram: https://instagram.com/goodiemob/

Subscribe to Goodie Mob on YouTube: http://smarturl.it/GMobSub?IQid=GMobCT

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Lyrics:

When the scene unfolds Young girls thirteen years old Expose themselves to any Tom, Dick, and Hank Got mo' stretch marks than these hoes Hollin they got rank See Sega ain't in this new world order Dem experimenting in Atlanta, Georgia United Nations, overseas they trained assassins to do search and seize Ain't knocking or asking Dem coming for niggas like me Po' white trash, like they Tricks like her back in slavery Concentration camps lace with gas pipes lines Inferno's outdoors like they had back When Adolf Hitler was living in 1945 Listen to me now, believe me Later on in the future look it up Where they say it? Aint no more Constitution In the event of a race war Places like operation heartbreak hotel Moments tear until air tight vents seat off despair Dem say expect no mercy Foot you should be my least worries got to deal with Where my W-2's, 1099's Unmarked black helicopters swoop down And try to put missiles in mines

Who's that peeking in my window POW nobody now

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Goodie Mob - Cell Therapy

6 Pros and Cons of Adult Stem Cells | Green Garage

By Adult Stem Cells

Adult stem cells can be found in tissues in the body, including, marrow, skin, brain, skeletal muscle and liver cells. An adult stem cell is an undifferentiated cell that can replicate itself and repair a damaged tissue. Having said this, scientists believe that adult stem cells can play a significant role in the science of medicine. However, despite the potential benefits attributed to these cells, there are also criticisms about them. Here are the contentious views from two opposing groups:

1. Used for Transplants Proponents of the use of adult stem cells posit that for decades, stem cells from the bone marrow have been used for transplants. These are blood-forming cells, also known as adult hematopoetic cells. And since new evidence that they can also be inside the brain and heart, there is a big possibility for scientists can do further research studies to use these cells for therapies based on transplantation.

2. Lesser Possibility of Rejection Supporters of the use of adult stem cells for transplantation claim that since these cells come from the patients own cells, it is less likely for the cells to reject the transplanted cells. This characteristic makes adult stem cells perfect candidates for this procedure.

3. Can Cure Medical Conditions Advocates for adult stem cells stress that they can be used for the treatment of some medical conditions such as Parkinsons disease, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes and heart disease. By extracting adult stem cells, scientists can grow them directly in laboratories and be used to replace damaged cells like dopamine-producing as well as insulin-producing cells.

1. Limited Availabilty Critics of the use of adult stem cells for transplantation argue that only a small number of stem cells from the tissue can be harvested from a persons body. Moreover, once they are removed, divisibility of these cells is limited, which can be challenging, in terms of generating larger amounts of cells. And since these cells are mature as opposed to embryonic cells, the chances of DNA anomalies are higher since they have been exposed to environment and toxins as they age.

2. One Harvest, One Treatment Another skepticism about the effectiveness of adult stem cells for transplantation is that once these cells are harvested, they can only be used for a particular treatment, say, to replace insulin-producing cells. If a patient gets inflicted with another medical disorder, these cells cannot be used anymore.

3. Expensive and Invasive Apart from the difficulty of harvesting stem cells, the procedure can also be costly such as in hip replacements. It is also an invasive procedure, according to some critics and even if there are companies advertising inexpensive stem cell harvesting, it still costs money. This is also an issue on stem cells harvested and stored for future use. Critics say that the fee for storing cells can be high and patients are at risk of wasting money if the firm closes down.

Adult stem cells will play a major role in the field of medicine with continuous research. However, there will still be controversies surrounding it. By weighing their pros and cons, scientists will be able to develop more ways to maximize the potential of these cells and use it for the betterment of lives.

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6 Pros and Cons of Adult Stem Cells | Green Garage

Stem Cell Medicine | Murdoch Children’s Research Institute

By Stem Cell Medicine

Stem Cell Medicine is the Murdoch Children's Research Institute's (MCRI)world-class research program in stem cells.We havea vision to prepare Australia for the transition from fundamental stem cell research in the lab towardtranslation outcomes using stem cells, with the delivery of human stem cell-based products and clinical practices.

Our research includes stem cell-based disease modelling and drug screening and the development of stem cell therapies and bioengineered tissues (explained in detail below). Embedded in the Royal Children's Hospital, and located in Melbourne's biomedical precinct, MCRI Stem Cell Medicine ensures that we workclosely and collaboratively with key experts in the field, including clinicians, biomedical scientists, engineers, ethicists, as well asthe local and international biotech sector. We also engage closely with key stem cell research networks and bodies including Stem Cells Australia, the Australasian Society for Stem Cell Research, the National Stem Cell Foundation of Australia, and look forward to participating in the International Society for Stem Cell Research annual meeting scheduled in Melbourne 2018.

By consolidating our research talent, fostering collaboration, strategically investing resources, and expanding our infrastructureplatforms, MCRI is now one of the worlds leading institutes in pluripotent stem cell research.

A stem cell is a cell that can generate more stem cells but can also form other specialised types of cells.

The early embryo is formed from embryonic stem cells. These stem cells are pluripotent, which means they are able to divide and program themselves into any other type of cell. Pluripotent cells are no longer present after birth, and while some specialised adult stem cells remain throughout the body in places like the skin, liver, blood and intestine, most adult cells are fully differentiated.

In the lab, we reprogram these adult cell types back into pluripotent stem cells and then differentiate them again into the type of cell we wish to study. These are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).

At MCRI, we turn iPSCs into different types of committed cells that the human body is unable to regenerate itself, such as the cells of the kidney and heart. Our researchers are world leaders in both generating iPSCs and generating specific cell types from them.

Using Stem Cell Medicine to Transform Clinical Care and Patient Outcomes

Our vision is to be an Australian and international leader in navigating the transition forthe use of human iPSCs from the lab towardclinical use and practice.The use of iPSCs enables cutting-edgeopportunities to conductpatient-specific disease modelling, personalised drug screening, cell therapy and bioengineered organs built from stem cells.

Our location within the Royal Childrens Hospital and our participation in theMelbourne ChildrensCampusmakes us ideally placed to discover and deliver stem cell medical breakthroughs.

Stem Cell Medicine Expertise

MCRI Stem Cell Medicinehas established a Stem Cell Derivation Facility for generating patient stem cells, and has pioneered protocols for turning these stem cells into heart, blood, cartilage, pancreas, nerves and kidney cells. In early 2017 we also introduced a Gene Editing Facility, currently servicing internally only.

We also have expertise in gene editing, which allows us to correct or create specific gene changes in normal or patient stem cells. Our Translational Genomics Unit is being used to examine tissues made from patient stem cells to monitor the effect of the gene changes on every other gene. This information can be used to validate the link between novel gene changes and disease, and find potential pathways to target with drugs.

Our expertise lies in the generation of stem cells from patients and the differentiation of those stem cells into different specialised tissues. This provides the potential for both patient-based disease modelling and the development of treatments for:

It is now possible to take any cell from a patient and turn this back into a stem cell, which we then have the ability to transform into any other cell type in our labs. This means we can make a stem cell from a patient with a disease and study any gene changes that may have caused the disease. This stem cell can then be differentiated into the cell type that is damaged, such as a nerve, kidney or muscle cell for a 'disease in a dish' approach.

In this way, we can study whether a gene is at fault, and then understand why this change is affecting cell function. Put simply, we make a tissue from the patient to understand their disease.

This provides the possibility of testing new drugs or new therapies to specifically treat that patient.

Human tissue formed using stem cells provides a new approach for the pharmaceutical industry to test drugs before clinical trial, providing an early opportunity to identify drug toxicity and a platform for testing drug efficacy.

Such drug screening has the potential to reduce the use of animals in drug development and enable substantial cost savings in the pharmaceutical industry. Using patient-derived stem cells, it may also be possible to develop personalised treatments by testing these on patient stem cell-derived tissues.

By improving our methods for turning a human stem cell into the many types of tissues present in the body, it will eventually be possible to deliver cells back into patients to treat disease.

Around the world, the first clinical trials using stem cell-derived tissues are being performed to treat blindness, neurological disease and diabetes.

Together with new approaches for making the right cell type, MCRI Stem Cell Medicine is ideally located within a hospital precinct, allowing research into how to deliver the right cells into the right patients and access to the Melbourne Childrens Trial Centre to test safety and patient outcome.

Our research will focus on the treatment of childhood cancer, blood disorders, heart disease and kidney disease.

In some cases, delivering a cell may not be enough. MCRI Stem Cell Medicine also conducts research into approaches for the bioengineering of replacement organs using human cell types generated from stem cells.

The hope is that this will ultimately provide treatments for many conditions, including heart disease, bone disease and kidney disease.

Delivering a cell or bioengineered organ into a patient will face the same challenges seen in conventional organ donation.

Without a good DNA match, the patient will reject their stem cell treatment. To address this, we aim to generate a bank of human stem cells matched to the genetically diverse Australian population. These stem cells, generated from banked cord blood, can be turned into the required cell type for treatment ensuring a good match for the patient being treated.

As the home of the Bone Marrow Donor Institute (BMDI) Cord Blood Bank, MCRI is ideally positioned to establish the first bank of human stem cells (known as a Haplobank) matched for the Australian population.

Tailored to the ethnic diversity present in Australia, we will generate human stem cell lines designed to provide a transplantation match for more than 95 per cent of the Australian population.

Stem cell research has attracted considerable public interest and ethical debate. We engage actively with the public to discuss this new area of research, listening to the feedback from the community on any potential concerns and ensuring there is accurate information available for those seeking advice.

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Stem Cell Medicine | Murdoch Children's Research Institute

Adult Stem Cells Show Anti-Aging Potential – genengnews.com

By Adult Stem Cells

April 1, 2018 (Vol. 38, No. 7)

Gail Dutton

Longeveron-Grown Stem Cells Advance on Aging Frailty and Related Disabilities

The stem cell industry took some nasty blows in the early 2000s, when the morality of using embryonic stem cells was questioned and all but a few lines of those cells were excluded from federal research grants. Stem cell experts left the United States for laboratories in Singapore and elsewhere.

In the void that remained, determined stem cell researchers found a way forward: adult stem cells. These cells are found throughout the bodyin bone marrow, hair follicles, and other tissuesand they are multipotent, which means they retain the ability to differentiate into some or all of the specialized cell types of the tissue or organ in which they are embedded. Although adult stem cells lack the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, they can be reprogrammed to become cells of a specific cell type or induced pluripotent stem cells.

The reprogramming technology developed by stem cell researchers is beginning to bear fruit. Although it is not the low-hanging fruit envisaged at the dawn of stem cell science, it is worth the reach. Applications are being developed for basic research, drug testing, and cell-based therapeutics. This last application area, which promises to generate replacement cells and tissues, may be the most important. It is being explored by several companies that hope to manufacture adult stem cells and thereby reinvigorate regenerative medicine. One of companies is Longeveron. By producing allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCS) from adult human bone marrow MSCs, Longeveron intends to ameliorate diseases and disabilities associated with aging.

Frailty and Diseases of Aging

Im a cardiologist, but Ive long been interested in medical diseases of aging, begins Joshua M. Hare, M.D., co-founder and CSO, Longeveron. Heart disease primarily affects older people, and age is a huge risk factor.

Frailty associated with aging is an underappreciated problem, he continues, adding that it affects approximately 12% of all people age 65 or older. Besides becoming familiar with the statistics of aging frailty, Dr. Hare saw it in his practice.

Dr. Hare has been thinking about the causes of frailty among otherwise healthy people for at least 20 years. Frailty affects so many people of advanced age, yet almost nothing is being done for this group, he notes. It represents a huge challenge.

Aging, he explains, affects all of our organs. Older hearts dont work as well as younger hearts, all other things being equal. Therefore, we hypothesized that the decline in function was related to the depletion of normal adult stem cells in the body. Then we found a way to replete them. For us, it was a Eureka! moment.

A Biotech Founded to Bring MSCs to Market

Dr. Hare says that he co-founded Longeveron in 2014 for the express purpose of bringing the benefits of MSC technology to a broad population. Universities arent set up to take a new therapeutic through the regulatory steps to bring a drug to market, he points out. Rather than hope a biotech company would be interested in acquiring the research, he took matters into his own hands.

Now Longeveron manufactures MSCs in a proprietary process that the company exclusively licensed from the University of Miami. The cells are introduced into the body intravenously.

The decision to form a company was based on clinical trial results, he says. He and his team had recently conducted and published the results of a 45-patient allogeneiC human mesenchymal stem cells in patients with aging fRAilTy via intravenoUS delivery (CRATUS) study. Not only were the patients showing positive responses, they were doing very, very well, Dr. Hare recalls. This was exciting because there were no successful medical therapies whatsoever for this condition. Those trial results were validated by favorable responses from the geriatric medicine community.

One very public sign of approval came in the form of an editorial in the October 2017 issue of The Journals of Gerontology: Series A. The editorials authors called MSC translation a promising and innovative approach for the treatment of frailty in older humans.

The same issue of the journal also published an article summarizing the results of a small, 30-person study. According to this article, treated patients showed remarkable improvements in physical performance measures and inflammatory biomarkers, both of which characterize frailty syndrome. It concluded that larger trials were warranted.

A Check on Inflammation

The use of MSCs to treat aging is a new and exciting component of biotech, Dr. Hare points out. The theory holds that transplanted MSCs can reduce the chronic inflammation associated with aging and aging-related disease, and thereby improve functional capacity and quality of life. At another level, MSCs have the potential to ameliorate diseases and conditions of aging and, perhaps, even increase longevity.

Despite this potential, Dr. Hare cautions against unrealistic expectations: There are quite a few startups, but few major companies are far along in terms of developing or commercializing this type of therapeutic.

Slightly more than three years old, Longeveron has one therapeutic in Phase IIb clinical trials. Additional trials are open. Some are focused on aging frailty; others are evaluating the cells as a way to treat Alzheimers disease.

Longeveron recently indicated that it had completed enrollment for the second cohort of a Phase I/II trial to test the safety and efficacy of a mesenchymal stem cell therapy for improving influenza vaccine response in patients with aging frailty. The company expects data in 2018.

The Competitive Landscape

Designed from MSCs extracted from bone marrow, the therapeutic product is allogenic. It can be made in large quantities and will be available off-the-shelf. Currently, says Dr. Hare, there are no MSCs on the United States market, although one MSC therapy has been approved. Also, two or three companies are pressing ahead with the development of MSC therapies.

According to Dr. Hare, Longeverons MSCs are unique in two respects: the way they are produced, and the way they are characterized. The specifics of manufacturing and the cells characterization features, however, are confidential. They are trade secrets, Dr. Hare insists.

In a recent interview, Dr. Hare was not only reticent about Longeverons technology, he was also vague about the specific challenges the company has weatheredbut not because all these challenges are particulalry sensitive. He was hurrying to help a patient. He did mention, however, challenges pertaining to the specific (and confidential) methods used to turn a cell into a drug, and the FDA guidances for those methods. The next step for the young company, he said, is to begin negotiations with the FDA to design Phase III trials.

In January, Longeveron won a research grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to develop therapeutics to combat metabolic syndrome. The $1.15 million grant is part of the NIH Fast Track program for small businesses. Earlier, the company received clinical trials funding from Alzheimers Association and Marylands Technology Development Corporation (TEDCO).

Dr. Hare attributes Longeverons success to date to a capable team. Dr. Hare himself is founding director of the University of Miamis Interdisciplinary Stem Cell Institute (ISCI). The scientific advisory board includes thought leaders in geriatrics and cardiology from leading institutions in the United States and Japan. Management team members have histories in academia and corporate operations. None, however, has taken a drug to market.

In the end, a lack of commercialization experience may not matter. Longeveron, recognizing its strengths, plans to partner for that phase of its journey.

A Booming Market

If future trials are as successful as Dr. Hare hopes, Longeverons new therapy will be firmly on the path to commercialization. Given the global population of aging baby boomers, he envisions a broad market for the therapy.

People came to us in droves for the clinical trials, Dr. Hare reports. Having the signs and symptoms of frailty troubles people. They have a palpable sense of becoming disabled simply because they are aging. They want to improve their quality of life.

Regenerative therapies already are gaining regulatory approval for many indications. And, while aging has been largely ignored, it is unlikely to be ignored much longer.

If Longeverons approach is eventually commercialized, in the not-too-distant future, any geriatrician or general practice physician should be able to administer Longeverons MSCs to roll back frailty and possibly reduce other deficits in functional capacity related to aging, such as Alzheimers disease and metabolic syndrome.

Longeveron

Location: Life Science & Technology Park' 1951 NW 7th Avenue, Suite 520, Miami, FL 33136

Phone: (305) 909-0840

Principal: Joshua M. Hare, M.D., Co-Founder and CSO

Number of Employees: 18

Focus: Longeveron, a clinical stage company, produces mesenchymal stem cells to alleviate frailty and other conditions associated with aging.

Originally posted here:
Adult Stem Cells Show Anti-Aging Potential - genengnews.com

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