Stem Cell Clinic

Stem Cell Treatment Seen to Benefit Lupus Patients in …

By Stem Cell Treatment

A single infusion ofmesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) those that make cells of the cartilage, bone, and fat decreased the number of auto-reactive immune cells in difficult-to-treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, a Phase 1 trial reports.

A Phase 2 study of this treatment is now opening in the U.S. and starting to recruiting eligible adults with lupus, ages 18 to 65.

Phase 1 findings were presented last month during the American College of Rheumatology/Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals (ACR/ARHP) 2018 Annual Meetingin Chicago.The poster was tiled, Marked Immune Cell Subset Changes in Refractory Lupus Patients in a Phase I Trial of Allogenic Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

MSCs, a type of stem cell able to differentiate into bone, cartilage, connective tissue, muscle, and fat cells has shown promise as a potential therapy for lupus patients who fail to respond to conventional therapies.

The cells can be obtained from the umbilical cord, bone marrow, adipose tissue, muscle, and the lungs.

Researchers at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC)conducted a Phase 1 clinical trial to investigate the effects of umbilical cord-derived MSCs in six patients with hard-to treat, refractory SLE. Each patient received a single injection of one million cells per kg.

Researchers measured how the infusion affected the patients immune system, focusing on subsets of immune cells with key functions in lupus.

Among T-cells, researchers examined regulatory T-cells (Tregs) which dampen the activity of other immune cells and helper T-cells, important mediators of autoantibody production by B-cells in lupus patients.

Among B-cells, the researchers measured the levels of non-reactive B cells and abnormal memory B-cells, which arerelatively rare in healthy subjects but increased in SLE patients and associated with higher disease activity.

At 24 weeks post-treatment, the MSC infusion significantly reduced the amount ofabnormal memory B-cells and increased non-reactive B-cells compared to levels recorded at study start (baseline) infour of the six patients. In two patients, the therapy was also associated with an increase in Tregs, but that rise was modest compared to changes in B-cells.

In a previous study, the MUSC researchers identified two proteins, the glycoprotein-A repetitions predominant (GARP) and the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, as key regulators of B-cell activity.

GARP is a cell surface receptor for TGF-beta and the interaction between both proteins was shown to regulate the activity of B-cells and prevent autoimmunity.GARP is highly expressed on MSCs and the levels of GARP and TGF-beta were significantly increased in patients blood following the infusion of MSCs.

Overall, these results support the clinical benefits of MSCs in hard-to-treat lupus.

The researchers have since launched a double-blind and placebo-controlled Phase 2 trial (NCT02633163) to evaluate the efficacy and safety ofMSCs, given in combination with standard of care, in 81 adults with SLE.

The trial, currently recruiting, is taking place seven locations in six U.S. states, and enrollment information is available here.

Lupus patients will be randomized to one of two doses of MSCs a low dose of one million cells or a high dose of five million cells or to a placebo, each delivered a single time into the blood.

The trial aims to assess if patients treated with MSCs respond better than those given a placebo infusion plus standard of care.

Responders are defined as patients who experience a four-point or higher reduction inthe SystemicLupusErythematosusDisease Activity Index score (SLEDAI),and receiving corticosteroids at a dose of 10 mg a day or less.

Additional measures include frequency of disease flares, accumulation of new damage, and changes in health-related quality of life, fatigue, pain, and depression.

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Stem Cell Treatment Seen to Benefit Lupus Patients in ...

Stem cell therapies: FDA sets a new path – CNN

By Stem Cell Treatment

Dr. Scott Gottlieb, the FDA commissioner, and Dr. Peter Marks, director of the FDA's Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, co-authored a new paper detailing the delicate balance between safety and innovation when it comes to the possibilities of using stem cells in medicine.

"However, despite the increasingly widespread use of stem cells in techniques being labeled as regenerative medicine, clinical benefit has not been clearly shown in most instances," Gottlieb and Marks wrote.

The FDA hopes to change that, while continuing efforts to regulate the industry.

"The FDA seems to be saying they want to find a sweet spot of stem cell oversight where they encourage innovation by good citizens and yet also carefully regulate this sphere as well as encouraging those interested in transplanting stem cells into patients to work with the FDA," he said.

Although Gottlieb and Marks didn't mention clinics in their paper, they noted that facilitating the availability of safe and effective therapies was part of the FDA's oversight of regenerative medicine products, including new stem cell therapies.

The FDA will provide tools to encourage individual or small groups of physicians to collaborate in support of the development of a stem cell or other regenerative medicine product, they wrote.

Gottlieb and Marks also said the FDA is encouraging investigators who are involved in such innovative product development to engage in dialogue with the agency early on in the research process.

"It feels like the FDA leadership is in essence telling them, 'Do the right thing, and we'll help you with a trial, even if you aren't a big university or company,' " Knoepfler said. "It's reassuring to see though that the FDA still emphasizes it is crucial to have data and follow the rules."

The ability to make such predictions could be a big step toward getting safe and effective FDA-approved treatments to patients in the future.

For many investigational stem cell-based products, it remains unclear whether the measurements currently used to characterize products will predict their clinical effectiveness, according to the FDA.

As of now, stem cell-based products submitted to the FDA in clinical trial proposals are characterized using a small number of cell surface markers and simple measures of cell product activity -- but is that enough to truly predict clinical outcomes?

"We can use some of this information to help generate standards in this field," he said. "There is a tremendous amount of interest now in developing standards that will facilitate the development of regenerative medicine and products."

All in all, "combined with the publication today of New England Journal of Medicine article, the FDA wants to assure that developers of regenerative medicine therapies understand the regulatory pathways that are available," the agency said in a written statement emailed to CNN by a FDA spokesperson.

"The FDA is committed to ensuring that patients have access to safe and effective regenerative medicine products as efficiently as possible. We are also committed to making sure we take action against products being unlawfully marketed that pose a potential significant risk to their safety," the statement said.

"The agency has adopted a risk-based and science-based approach that builds upon existing regulations to support innovative product development while clarifying the FDA's authorities and enforcement priorities. This risk-based approach allows product developers time to engage with the FDA, to determine if they need to submit a marketing authorization application and, if so, submit their application to the FDA for approval," the statement said.

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Stem cell therapies: FDA sets a new path - CNN

Somatic Cells – Definition and Examples | Biology Dictionary

By Somatic Stem Cells

Somatic Cells Definition

Somatic cells are any cell in the body that are not gametes (sperm or egg), germ cells (cells that go on to become gametes), or stem cells. Essentially, all cells that make up an organisms body and are not used to directly form a new organism during reproduction are somatic cells. The word somatic comes from the Greek word (soma), which means body. In the human body, there are about 220 types of somatic cells.

There are many different kinds of somatic cells in the human body because nearly every cell found inside and on the surface of the human body, with the exception of cells that become sperm and eggs, is a somatic cell. In addition, mammals have many organ systems that specialize in specific functions, so there are many different specialized cells. The following is an overview of a few main types of cells in the human body.

Old bone cells are constantly being replaced with new bone cells. The two broad categories of bone cells are called osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Osteoblasts form bone and help maintain it. They are cuboidal, or square-shaped, and they make proteins that form bone. They also communicate with each other and produce certain molecules such as growth factors, which promote bone growth. Osteoclasts, on the other hand, resorb, or dissolve, old bone. They are large cells that have multiple nuclei. When the work of an osteoblast or osteoclast is done, it undergoes a programmed cell death known as apoptosis.

Muscle cells are also known as myocytes. They are long, tube-shaped cells. There are three types of muscle which are each made up of specialized myocytes: smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle lines the walls of internal organs such as the bladder, uterus, and digestive tract. Cardiac muscle is only found in the heart, and it allows the heart to pump blood. Skeletal muscle is attached to bone and helps move the body.

The various parts of myocytes have special terminology because myocytes are so different from other types of cells. The cell membrane is called the sarcolemma, the mitochondria are called sarcosomes, and the cytoplasm is called the sarcoplasm. The sarcomere is the part of the cell that contracts and allows muscle movement, and they form long chains called myofibrils that run throughout each muscle fiber. Muscle cells cannot divide to form new cells. This means that even though muscles can get bigger through exercise, babies actually have more myocytes than adults.

Nerve cells are called neurons. Neurons are found throughout the body, but there is an especially high density in the brain and spinal cord, which control the bodys movements. Neurons send and receive information to and from other neurons and organs via chemical and electrical signaling. Neurons maintain a certain voltage, and when this voltage changes, it creates an electrochemical signal called an action potential. When an action potential occurs in a neuron, the neuron will release neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that affect target cells. Some examples of neurotransmitters are dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine (adrenaline), and histamine.

Neurons have a unique structure as shown in the diagram above. The main parts of a neuron are the soma, axon, and dendrites. The soma is the body of the cell and contains the nucleus. The axon is a long protrusion that transmits electrical impulses. The dendrites fan out from the soma and receive impulses from other neurons. The end of the axon branches out into axon terminals, which is where neurotransmitters are released.

Blood cells are called hematopoietic cells or hemocytes. There are three general types of blood cells: red blood cells, known as erythrocytes, white blood cells, or leukocytes, and platelets, also known as thrombocytes or yellow blood cells. These cells, along with plasma, comprise the contents of blood.

Erythrocytes carry oxygen to cells via the molecule hemoglobin, and they collect the waste product carbon dioxide from cells. They make up 40 to 45 percent of the bloods volume. Approximately one-fourth of the cells in the human body are erythrocytes. They live for around 100 to 120 days, and they do not have a nucleus when mature. Leukocytes defend the body against foreign substances and infectious disease agents like viruses and bacteria. They have a very short lifespan of only three to four days. Platelets are small cell fragments that help blood to clot after an injury. They also have a short lifespan, living for five to nine days.

Somatic cells are produced through the cell division process of mitosis. They contain two copies of each chromosome, one from an organisms mother and one from their father. Cells with two copies of each chromosome are called diploid. Sperm and egg cells, called gametes, are formed through meiosis, which is a slightly different cell division process that results in the cells having only one copy of each chromosome. These cells are called haploid. Gametes are haploid because a sperm and an egg fuse during fertilization to create a new organism with diploid cells. Mutations in somatic cells can affect an individual organism, but they do not affect the offspring since they are not passed on during reproduction. However, mutations that occur in gametes can affect offspring since the gametes are passed down. When gametes fuse, they become the offsprings first somatic cell, which subsequently divides to form all of their other somatic cells. Therefore, while mutations in somatic cells will not affect the next generation, mutations in gamete cells do and can sometimes have drastic effects. For example, if a large-scale mutation occurs and there is an extra chromosome in the fertilized egg, all the somatic cells will also have that extra chromosome when it divides. An extra chromosome 21 results in Down Syndrome.

1. Which type of cell is NOT a somatic cell? A. Leukocyte B. Myocyte C. Osteoblast D. Gamete

Answer to Question #1

D is correct. Gametes such as sperm and eggs are not somatic cells. They are germline cells, which are cells that pass on genetic material through the process of reproduction. Leukocytes (white blood cells), myocytes (muscle cells) and osteoblasts (a type of bone cell) are all somatic cells.

2. What is the approximate lifespan of an erythrocyte? A. 3-4 days B. 5-9 days C. 100-120 days D. 365-395 days

Answer to Question #2

C is correct. Erythrocytes, or red blood cells, live about 100-120 days, which is the longest lifespan of a blood cell. Leukocytes live for 3-4 days, while platelets live for 5-9 days.

3. What is the function of an osteoclast? A. To form and help maintain bone B. To attach to bone and allow it to move C. To resorb old bone D. To release neurotransmitters

Answer to Question #3

C is correct. Osteoclasts are bone cells that resorb, or break down, old bone so that osteoblasts can then replace it with newly created bone. Choice A describes osteoblasts. Choice C is referring to muscle cells, and choice D describes neurons.

Continued here:
Somatic Cells - Definition and Examples | Biology Dictionary

FAQs – Ocean Springs, MS – Gulf Coast Stem Cell …

By Stem Cell Medicine

Our Technology

Gulf Coast Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Center (GCSC&RMC) uses adipose-derived stem cells for deployment & clinical research. Early stem cell research has traditionally been associated with the controversial use of embryonic stem cells. The new focus is on non-embryonic adult mesenchymal stem cells which are found in a persons own blood, bone marrow, and fat. Most stem cell therapy centers in the world are currently using stem cells derived from bone marrow.

A recent technological breakthrough enables us to now use adipose (fat) derived stem cells. Autologous stem cells from a persons own fat are easy to harvest safely under local anesthesia and are abundant in quantities up to 2500 times those seen in bone marrow.

Clinical success and favorable outcomes appear to be related directly to the quantity of stem cells deployed. Once these adipose-derived stem cells are administered back into the patient, they have the potential to repair human tissue by forming new cells of mesenchymal origin, such as cartilage, bone, ligaments, tendons, nerve, fat, muscle, blood vessels, and certain internal organs. Stem cells ability to form cartilage and bone makes them potentially highly effective therapy for degenerative orthopedic conditions. Their ability to form new blood vessels and smooth muscle makes them potentially very useful in treating Peyronies disease and impotence. Stem cells are used extensively in Europe and Asia to treat these conditions.

We have anecdotal and experimental evidence that stem cell therapy is effective in healing and regeneration. Stem cells seek out damaged tissues in order to repair the body naturally. The literature and internet are full of successful testimonials but we are still awaiting definitive studies demonstrating the efficacy of stem cell therapy. Such data may take five or ten years to accumulate. In an effort to provide relief for patients suffering from certain degenerative diseases that have been resistant to common modalities of medical care, we are initiating pilot studies as experimental tests of therapy effectiveness with very high numbers of adipose-derived stem cells obtained from fat. Adipose fat is an abundant and reliable source of stem cells.

GCSC&RMCs cell harvesting and isolation techniques are based on technology from Korea. This new technological breakthrough allows patients to safely receive their own autologous stem cells in extremely large quantities. Our therapy and research are patient funded and we have endeavored successfully to make it affordable. All of our sterile procedures are non-invasive and done under local anesthesia. Patients who are looking for non-surgical alternatives to their degenerative disorders can participate in our trials by filling out our application to determine if they are candidates.GCSC&RMC is proud to be state of the art in the new field of Regenerative Medicine. RETURN TO TOP

We are currently in the process of setting up FDA approved protocols for stem cell banking in collaboration with a reputable cryo-technology company. This enables a person to receive autologous stem cells at any time in the future without having to undergo liposuction which may be inconvenient or contraindicated. Having your own stem cells available for medical immediate use is a valuable medical asset.

Provisions are nearly in place for this option and storage of your own stem cells obtained by liposuction at GCSC&RMC or from fat obtained from cosmetic procedures performed elsewhere should be possible in the near future. RETURN TO TOP

Adult (NonEmbryonic) Mesenchymal Stem Cells are undifferentiated cells that have the ability to replace dying cells and regenerate damaged tissue. These special cells seek out areas of injury, disease, and destruction where they are capable of regenerating healthy cells and enabling a persons natural healing processes to be accelerated. As we gain a deeper understanding of their medical function and apply this knowledge, we are realizing their enormous therapeutic potential to help the body heal itself. Adult stem cells have been used for a variety of medicaltherapies to repair and regenerate acute and chronically damaged tissues in humans and animals. The use of stem cells is not FDA approved for treating any specific disease in the United States at this time and their use is therefore investigational. Many reputable international centers have been using stem cell therapy to treat various chronic degenerative conditions as diverse as severe neurologic diseases, renal failure, erectile dysfunction, degenerative orthopedic problems, and even cardiac and pulmonary diseases to name a few. Adult stem cells appear to be particularly effective at repairing cartilage in degenerated joints. RETURN TO TOP

Regenerative Medicine is the process of creating living, functional tissues to repair or replace tissue or organ function lost due to damage, or congenital defects. This field holds the promise of regenerating damaged tissues and organs in the body by stimulating previously irreparable organs to heal themselves. (Wikipedia) RETURN TO TOP

Traditionally, we have used various medications and hormones to limit disease and help the body repair itself. For example, hormone replacement therapy has, in many cases, shown the ability to more optimally help the immune system and thus help us repair diseased or injured tissues. Genetic research is an evolving area where we will eventually learn and utilize more ways of specifically dealing with gene defects causing degenerative disease. Stem cell therapy is another rapidly evolving and exciting area that has already shown considerable promise in treating many degenerative conditions. RETURN TO TOP

A stem cell is basically any cell that can replicate and differentiate. This means the cell can not only multiply, it can turn into different types of tissues. There are different kinds of stem cells. Most people are familiar with or have heard the term embryonic stem cell. These are cells from the embryonic stage that have yet to differentiate as such, they can change into any body part at all. These are then called pluripotential cells. Because they are taken from unborn or unwanted embryos, there has been considerable controversy surrounding their use. Also, while they have been used in some areas of medicine particularly, outside the United States they have also been associated with occasional tumor (teratoma) formations. There is work being conducted by several companies to isolate particular lines of embryonic stem cells for future use.

Another kind of stem cell is the adult stem cell. This is a stem cell that already resides in ones body within different tissues. In recent times, much work has been done isolating bone-marrow derived stem cells. These are also known as mesenchymal stem cells because they come from the mesodermal section of your body. They can differentiate into bone and cartilage, and probably all other mesodermal elements, such as fat, connective tissue, blood vessels, muscle and nerve tissue. Bone marrow stem cells can be extracted and because they are low in numbers, they are usually cultured in order to multiply their numbers for future use. As it turns out, fat is also loaded with mesenchymal stem cells. In fact, it has hundreds if not thousands of times more stem cells compared to bone marrow. Today, we actually have tools that allow us to separate the stem cells from fat. Because most people have adequate fat supplies and the numbers of stem cells are so great, there is no need to culture the cells over a period of days and they can be used right away. RETURN TO TOP

These adult stem cells are known as progenitor cells. This means they remain dormant (do nothing) unless they witness some level of tissue injury. Its the tissue injury that turns them on. So, when a person has a degenerative type problem, the stem cells tend to go to that area of need and stimulate the healing process. Were still not sure if they simply change into the type of injured tissue needed for repair or if they send out signals that induce the repair by some other mechanism. Suffice it to say that there are multiple animal models and a plethora of human evidence that indicates these are significant reparative cells. RETURN TO TOP

This will depend on the type of degenerative condition you have. A specialist will evaluate you and discuss whether youre a potential candidate for stem cell therapy. If after youve been recommended for therapy, had an opportunity to understand the potential risks and benefits, and decided on your own that you would like to explore this avenue, then you can be considered for stem cell therapy. Of course, even though its a minimally invasive procedure, you will still need to be medically cleared for the procedure. RETURN TO TOP

NO. However, GCSC&RMCs procedures fall under the category of physicians practice of medicine, wherein the physician and patient are free to consider their chosen course for medical care. The FDA does have guidelines about therapy and manipulation of a patients own tissues. At GCSC&RMC we meet these guidelines by providing same day deployment with the patients own cells that undergo very minimal manipulation and are inserted during the same procedure. RETURN TO TOP

No. Only adult mesenchymal stem cells are used. These cells are capable of forming bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, ligaments, blood vessels, and certain organs. Embryonic stem cells are associated with ethical considerations and limitations. RETURN TO TOP

Patients suffer from many varieties of degenerative illnesses. There may be conditions associated with nearly all aspects of the body. Board-certified specialists are ideal to evaluate, recommend and/or treat, and subsequently, follow your progress. Together, through the GCSC&RMC, we work to coordinate and provide therapy mainly with your own stem cells, but also through other avenues of regenerative medicine. This could include hormone replacement therapy or other appropriate recommendations.

For example, if you have a knee problem, you would see GCSC&RMCs Board Certified orthopedic surgeon rather than a generic clinic director. Also, you might be recommended for evaluation for hormone replacement therapy or an exercise program should such be considered optimal. Nonetheless, we believe stem cell therapy to be the likely foundation for regenerative medicine. It should also be noted, that all therapies are currently in the investigational stage. While we recognize our patients are seeking improvement in their condition through stem cell therapy, each deployment is part of an ongoing investigation to establish optimal parameters for future therapies, to evaluate for effectiveness and for any adverse effects. It is essential that patients understand they are participating in these investigational (research) analyses. Once sufficient information is appropriately documented and statistically significant, then data (validated by an Institutional Review Board) may be presented to the FDA for consideration of making an actual claim. RETURN TO TOP

Urology, cosmetic surgery, ear, nose, & throat, orthopedics, internal medicine, and cardiology are represented. Plans are currently being made for a number of other specialties. GCSC&RMC is the first multi-specialty stem cell center in the United States. RETURN TO TOP

Many have been told that they require surgery or other risky procedures for their ailments and are looking for non-invasive options. Some have heard about the compelling testimonials about stem cells in the literature and on various websites. Many have read about the results of stem cell therapy in animal models and in humans. GCSC&RMC gives a choice to those informed patients who seek modern regenerative therapy but desire convenience, quality, and affordability. GCSC&RMC fills a need for those patients who have been told that they have to travel to different countries and pay as much as twenty to one hundred thousand dollars for stem cell therapy offshore. (See stem cell tourism). RETURN TO TOP

Stem cells are harvested and deployed during the same procedure. Our patients undergo a minimally-invasive liposuction type of harvesting procedure by a qualified surgeon in our facility in Ocean Springs, Mississippi. The harvesting procedure generally lasts a few minutes and can be done under local anesthesia. Cells are then processed and are ready for deployment within 90 minutes or less. RETURN TO TOP

Bone marrow sampling (a somewhat uncomfortable procedure) yields approximately 5,000 60,000 cells that are then cultured over several days to perhaps a few million cells prior to deployment (injection into the patient). Recent advances in stem cell science have made it possible to obtain high numbers of very excellent quality multi-potent (able to form numerous other tissues) cells from a persons own liposuction fat. GCSC&RMC uses technology acquired from Asia to process this fat to yield approximately five hundred thousand to one million stem cells per cc of fat, and therefore, it is possible to obtain as many as 10 to 40 million cells from a single procedure. These adipose-derived stem cells can form many different types of cells when deployed properly including bone, cartilage, tendon (connective tissue), muscle, blood vessels, nerve tissue and others. RETURN TO TOP

GCSC&RMC patients have their fat (usually abdominal) harvested in our special sterile facility under a local anesthetic. The fat removal procedure lasts approximately twenty minutes. Specially designed equipment is used to harvest the fat cells and less than 100cc of fat is required. Postoperative discomfort is minimal and there is minimal restriction on activity. RETURN TO TOP

Stem cells are harvested under sterile conditions using a special closed system technology so that the cells never come into contact with the environment throughout the entire process from removal to deployment. Sterile technique and antibiotics are also used to prevent infection. RETURN TO TOP

No. Only a persons own adult autologous cells are used. These are harvested from each individual and deployed back into their own body. There is no risk of contamination or risk of introduction of mammalian DNA. RETURN TO TOP

These facilities are obtaining stem cells from bone marrow or blood in relatively small quantities and they are then culturing (growing) the cells to create adequate quantities. Research seems to indicate that the success of stem cell therapy is directly related to the quantity of cells injected. GCSC&RMC uses adipose-derived stem cells that are abundant naturally at approximately 2,500 times levels found in bone marrow (the most common source of mesenchymal stem cells). GCSC&RMC uses technology that isolates adipose stem cells in vast numbers in a short time span so that prolonged culturing is unnecessary and cells can be deployed into a patient within 90 minutes of harvesting. RETURN TO TOP

GCSC&RMC is doing pioneer research for treating many diseases. All investigational data is being collected so that results will be published in peer review literature and ultimately used to promote the advancement of cellular based regenerative medicine. FDA regulations mandate that no advertising medical claims be made and that even website testimonials are prohibited. RETURN TO TOP

No. Many are confused by this because they have heard of cancer patients receiving stem cell transplants. These patients had ablative bone marrow therapy and need stem cells to re-populate their blood and marrow. This is different from the stem cells we deploy to treat noncancerous human diseases at GCSC&RMC. RETURN TO TOP

Adult mesenchymal stem cells are not known to cause cancer. Some patients have heard of stories of cancer caused by stem cells, but these are probably related to the use of embryonic cells (Not Adult Mesenchymal Cells). These embryonic tumors known as teratomas are rare but possible occurrences when embryonic cells are used. RETURN TO TOP

Stem cell therapy is thought to be safe and not affect dormant cancers. If someone has had cancer that was treated and responded sucessfully, there is know reason to withhold stem cell deployment. In most cases, stem cells should not be used in patients with known active cancer. RETURN TO TOP

We know of no documented cases personally or in the literature where serious harm has resulted. All of our patients will be entered into a database to follow and report any adverse reactions. This information is vital to the development of stem cell science. There have been a few reports of serious complications from overseas and these are being thoroughly evaluated by epidemiologists to ascertain the facts. The International Stem Cell Society registry has over 1,000 cases currently registered and only 2% were associated with any complications, none of which were considered serious adverse events. RETURN TO TOP

None. Our aim is to make cell based medicine available to patients who are interested and to provide ongoing research data under approved Institutional Review Board (IRB) validated studies. We will follow our stem cell therapy patients over their lifetimes. This will enable us to accumulate significant data about the various degenerative diseases we treat. Instead of providing simply anecdotal or testimonial information, our goal is to categorize the various conditions and follow the patients progress through various objective (e.g. x-ray evidence or video displays) and subjective (e.g. patient and/or doctor surveys) criteria. We are aware of a lot of stories about marked improvement of a variety of conditions, but we make no claims about the intended therapy. At some point, once adequate amounts of data are accumulated, it might be appropriate to submit the information to the FDA at which point an actual claim may be substantiated and recognized by the Agency. Still, these are your own cells and not medicines for sale. They are only being used in your own body. Most likely, no claim needs to be made; rather a statistical analysis of our findings would suffice to suggest whether therapy is truly and significantly effective. We also hope to submit our patients data to an approved International Registry (See ICMS Stem Cell Registry) further fostering large collections of data to help identify both positive and negative trends. RETURN TO TOP

Our adipose derived stem cell harvesting and isolation technique yields extremely high numbers of stem cells. In reviewing outcomes data, therapy cell numbers appear to correlate with therapy success. Our cells are actually in a type of soup called Stromal Vascular Fraction SVF which is stem cells bathed in a rich mixture of natural growth factors (Not the same as human growth factor hormone which is only one type of growth factor). Some types of orthopedic and urologic diseases appear to respond better to stem cells that are super enriched with growth factors created by administering Platelet Rich Plasma to the patient. Autologous Platelet Rich Plasma is derived from a patients own blood drawn at the time of deployment. At GCSC&RMC we do not add any foreign substances or medications to the stem cells. RETURN TO TOP

Depending on the type of therapy required, stem cells can be injected through veins, arteries, into spinal fluid, subcutaneously, or directly into joints or organs. All of these are considered minimally invasive methods of introducing the stem cells. Stem cells injected intravenously are known to seek out and find (see photo) areas of tissue damage and migrate to that location thus potentially providing regenerative healing. Intravenously injected stem cells have been shown to have the capability of crossing the blood-brain barrier to enter the central nervous system and they can be identified in the patients body many months after deployment. Note yellow arrow showing the stem cells concentrated in the patients hand where he had a Dupytrens contracture (Dupuytrens contracture is a hand deformity that causes the tissue beneath the surface of the hand to thicken and contract). RETURN TO TOP

Different conditions are treated in different ways and there are different degrees of success. If the goal is regeneration of joint cartilage, one may not see expected results until several months. Some patients may not experience significant improvement and others may see dramatic regeneration of damaged tissue or resolution of disease. Many of the disorders and problems that the physicians at GCSC&RMC are treating represent pioneering work and there is a lack of data. FDA regulations prevent GCSC&RMC from making any claims about expectations for success, however, if you are chosen for therapy, it will be explained that we believe stem cell therapy may be beneficial or in some cases that we are unsure and therapy would be considered investigational. RETURN TO TOP

Stem cell therapy relies on the bodys own regenerative healing to occur. The regenerative process may take time, particularly with orthopedic patients, who may not see results for several months. In some diseases, more immediate responses are possible. RETURN TO TOP

No. Only certain medical problems are currently being treated at GCSC&RMC. Check our list or fill out a candidate application form on the website. All patients need to be medically stable enough to have the stem cell deployment in our facility. There may be some exceptional conditions that may eventually be treated in hospitalized patients, but that remains for the future. Some patients may be declined due to the severity of their problem. Other patients may not have conditions appropriate to treat or may not be covered by our specialists or our protocols. A waiting list or outside referral (if we know of someone else treating such a problem) might be applicable in such cases. RETURN TO TOP

Yes. Patients with uncontrolled cancer are excluded. If you have an active infection anywhere in your body you must be treated first. Severely ill patients may require special consideration. Also, anyone with a bleeding disorder or who takes blood thinning medications requires special evaluation before consideration for stem cells. RETURN TO TOP

The specialist seeing you at GCSC&RMC will make a determination based on your history and exam, studies, and current research findings. Any complex cases may be reviewed by our ethics advisory committee. Occasionally, we may seek opinions from thought leaders around the world. RETURN TO TOP

No. Participation in any of our protocols is not mandatory and there are no incentives, financial or otherwise, to induce patients to enroll in our studies. However, GCSC&RMC is dedicated to clinical research for the development of stem cell science. GCSC&RMC is taking an active role in cutting edge clinical research in the new field of regenerative medicine. Research studies will be explained and privacy will be maintained. Formal future research studies will be regulated by an Institutional Review Board which is an authorized agency that promotes validity, transparency and protection of human study enrollees. RETURN TO TOP

At this time, we are not treating spinal cord injuries and some advanced diseases. See list of problems currently being studied at GCSC&RMC. RETURN TO TOP

Patients who are considered to be candidates based on information provided in the candidate application form will be invited for a consultation with one of our panel physicians. $250 is charged for this consultation which includes office evaluation (but may also include physicians evaluation of X-Rays, records, or telephonic consultations). Unfortunately, insurance generally will not cover the actual cost of stem cell therapy in most cases since stem cell therapy is still considered experimental. The cost varies depending on the disease state being treated and which type of stem cell deployment is required. RETURN TO TOP

Because of recent innovations in technology, GCSC&RMC is able to provide outpatient stem cell therapy at a fraction of the cost of that seen in many overseas clinics. The fee covers fat cell harvesting, cell preparation, and stem cell deployment which may include the use of advanced interventional radiology and fluoroscopy techniques. Financing is available through a credit vendor. RETURN TO TOP

Stem cells can be cryopreserved in the form of liposuction fat for prolonged periods of time. Currently, this service is outsourced to an outside provider known to have excellent quality control. Many patients have been inquiring about banking cells while they are still young since stem cell numbers drop naturally with each decade of life and some advocate obtaining and saving cells to be used later in life as needed. (see chart). RETURN TO TOP

Most patients, especially those with orthopedic conditions, require only one deployment. Certain types of degenerative conditions, particularly auto-immune disease, may respond best to a series of stem cell deployments. The number and necessity of any additional procedures would be decided on a case by case basis. Financial consideration is given in these instances. RETURN TO TOP

A good resource is the International Cellular Medicine Society (ICMS). Stem Cells 101

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FAQs - Ocean Springs, MS - Gulf Coast Stem Cell ...

Hematopoietic stem cell – Wikipedia

By Stem Cell Medicine

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the stem cells that give rise to other blood cells. This process is called haematopoiesis.[1] This process occurs in the red bone marrow, in the core of most bones. In embryonic development, the red bone marrow is derived from the layer of the embryo called the mesoderm.

Hematopoiesis is the process by which all mature blood cells are produced. It must balance enormous production needs (more than 500 billion blood cells are produced every day) with the need to precisely regulate the number of each blood cell type in the circulation. In vertebrates, the vast majority of hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow and is derived from a limited number of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that are multipotent and capable of extensive self-renewal.

HSCs give rise to both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages of blood cells. Myeloid and lymphoid lineages both are involved in dendritic cell formation. Myeloid cells include monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, erythrocytes, and megakaryocytes to platelets. Lymphoid cells include T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. The definition of hematopoietic stem cells has evolved since HSCs were first discovered in 1961.[2] The hematopoietic tissue contains cells with long-term and short-term regeneration capacities and committed multipotent, oligopotent, and unipotent progenitors. HSCs constitute 1:10.000 of cells in myeloid tissue.

HSC transplants are used in the treatment of cancers and other immune system disorders.[3]

With regard to morphology, hematopoietic stem cells resemble lymphocytes. They are non-adherent, and rounded, with a rounded nucleus and low cytoplasm-to-nucleus ratio. Since HSCs cannot be isolated as a pure population, it is not possible to identify them in a microscope.

HSCs are found in the bone marrow of adults, especially in the pelvis, femur, and sternum. They are also found in umbilical cord blood and, in small numbers, in peripheral blood.[4]

Stem and progenitor cells can be taken from the pelvis, at the iliac crest, using a needle and syringe.[5] The cells can be removed as liquid (to perform a smear to look at the cell morphology) or they can be removed via a core biopsy (to maintain the architecture or relationship of the cells to each other and to the bone).[citation needed]

In order to harvest stem cells from the circulating peripheral blood, blood donors are injected with a cytokine, such as granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF), that induces cells to leave the bone marrow and circulate in the blood vessels.[6] In mammalian embryology, the first definitive HSCs are detected in the AGM (aorta-gonad-mesonephros), and then massively expanded in the fetal liver prior to colonising the bone marrow before birth.[7]

It was originally believed that all HSCs were alike in their self-renewal and differentiation abilities. This view was first challenged by the 2002 discovery by the Muller-Sieburg group in San Diego, who illustrated that different stem cells can show distinct repopulation patterns that are epigenetically predetermined intrinsic properties of clonal Thy-1lo Sca-1+ linc-kit+ HSC.[8][9][10] The results of these clonal studies led to the notion of lineage bias. Using the ratio = L / M {displaystyle rho =L/M} of lymphoid (L) to myeloid (M) cells in blood as a quantitative marker, the stem cell compartment can be split into three categories of HSC. Balanced (Bala) HSCs repopulate peripheral white blood cells in the same ratio of myeloid to lymphoid cells as seen in unmanipulated mice (on average about 15% myeloid and 85% lymphoid cells, or 3 10). Myeloid-biased (My-bi) HSCs give rise to very few lymphocytes resulting in ratios 0 < < 3, while lymphoid-biased (Ly-bi) HSCs generate very few myeloid cells, which results in lymphoid-to-myeloid ratios of > 10. All three types are normal types of HSC, and they do not represent stages of differentiation. Rather, these are three classes of HSC, each with an epigenetically fixed differentiation program. These studies also showed that lineage bias is not stochastically regulated or dependent on differences in environmental influence. My-bi HSC self-renew longer than balanced or Ly-bi HSC. The myeloid bias results from reduced responsiveness to the lymphopoetin interleukin 7 (IL-7).[9]

Subsequently, other groups confirmed and highlighted the original findings.[11] For example, the Eaves group confirmed in 2007 that repopulation kinetics, long-term self-renewal capacity, and My-bi and Ly-bi are stably inherited intrinsic HSC properties.[12] In 2010, the Goodell group provided additional insights about the molecular basis of lineage bias in side population (SP) SCA-1+ lin c-kit+ HSC.[13] As previously shown for IL-7 signaling, it was found that a member of the transforming growth factor family (TGF-beta) induces and inhibits the proliferation of My-bi and Ly-bi HSC, respectively.

HSCs can be identified or isolated by the use of flow cytometry where the combination of several different cell surface markers are used to separate the rare HSCs from the surrounding blood cells. HSCs lack expression of mature blood cell markers and are thus, called Lin-. Lack of expression of lineage markers is used in combination with detection of several positive cell-surface markers to isolate HSCs. In addition, HSCs are characterised by their small size and low staining with vital dyes such as rhodamine 123 (rhodamine lo) or Hoechst 33342 (side population).

The classical marker of human HSC is CD34 first described independently by Civin et al. and Tindle et al.[14][15][16][17] It is used to isolate HSC for reconstitution of patients who are haematologically incompetent as a result of chemotherapy or disease.

Many markers belong to the cluster of differentiation series, like: CD34, CD38, CD90, CD133, CD105, CD45, and also c-kit the receptor for stem cell factor.

There are many differences between the human and murine hematopoietic cell markers for the commonly accepted type of hematopoietic stem cells.[18]

However, not all stem cells are covered by these combinations that, nonetheless, have become popular. In fact, even in humans, there are hematopoietic stem cells that are CD34/CD38.[19][20] Also some later studies suggested that earliest stem cells may lack c-kit on the cell surface.[21] For human HSCs use of CD133 was one step ahead as both CD34+ and CD34 HSCs were CD133+.

Traditional purification method used to yield a reasonable purity level of mouse hematopoietic stem cells, in general, requires a large(~1012) battery of markers, most of which were surrogate markers with little functional significance, and thus partial overlap with the stem cell populations and sometimes other closely related cells that are not stem cells. Also, some of these markers (e.g., Thy1) are not conserved across mouse species, and use of markers like CD34 for HSC purification requires mice to be at least 8 weeks old.

Alternative methods that could give rise to a similar or better harvest of stem cells is an active area of research, and are presently[when?] emerging. One such method uses a signature of SLAM family cell surface molecules. The SLAM (Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule) family is a group of more than 10 molecules whose genes are located mostly tandemly in a single locus on chromosome 1 (mouse), all belonging to a subset of the immunoglobulin gene superfamily, and originally thought to be involved in T-cell stimulation. This family includes CD48, CD150, CD244, etc., CD150 being the founding member, and, thus, also known as slamF1, i.e., SLAM family member 1.

The signature SLAM codes for the hemopoietic hierarchy are:

For HSCs, CD150+CD48 was sufficient instead of CD150+CD48CD244 because CD48 is a ligand for CD244, and both would be positive only in the activated lineage-restricted progenitors. It seems that this code was more efficient than the more tedious earlier set of the large number of markers, and are also conserved across the mouse strains; however, recent work has shown that this method excludes a large number of HSCs and includes an equally large number of non-stem cells.[22][23]CD150+CD48 gave stem cell purity comparable to Thy1loSCA-1+linc-kit+ in mice.[24]

Irving Weissman's group at Stanford University was the first to isolate mouse hematopoietic stem cells in 1988Template:Purification and characterization of mouse hematopoietic stem cells. and was also the first to work out the markers to distinguish the mouse long-term (LT-HSC) and short-term (ST-HSC) hematopoietic stem cells (self-renew-capable), and the Multipotent progenitors (MPP, low or no self-renew capability the later the developmental stage of MPP, the lesser the self-renewal ability and the more of some of the markers like CD4 and CD135):

Between 1948 and 1950, the Committee for Clarification of the Nomenclature of Cells and Diseases of the Blood and Blood-forming Organs issued reports on the nomenclature of blood cells.[25][26] An overview of the terminology is shown below, from earliest to final stage of development:

The root for erythrocyte colony-forming units (CFU-E) is "rubri", for granulocyte-monocyte colony-forming units (CFU-GM) is "granulo" or "myelo" and "mono", for lympocyte colony-forming units (CFU-L) is "lympho" and for megakaryocyte colony-forming units (CFU-Meg) is "megakaryo". According to this terminology, the stages of red blood cell formation would be: rubriblast, prorubricyte, rubricyte, metarubricyte, and erythrocyte. However, the following nomenclature seems to be, at present, the most prevalent:

Osteoclasts also arise from hemopoietic cells of the monocyte/neutrophil lineage, specifically CFU-GM.

In the context of hematopoietic stem cells, a colony-forming unit is a subtype of HSC. (This sense of the term is different from colony-forming units of microbes, which is a cell counting unit.) There are various kinds of HSC colony-forming units:

The above CFUs are based on the lineage. Another CFU, the colony-forming unitspleen (CFU-S), was the basis of an in vivo clonal colony formation, which depends on the ability of infused bone marrow cells to give rise to clones of maturing hematopoietic cells in the spleens of irradiated mice after 8 to 12 days. It was used extensively in early studies, but is now considered to measure more mature progenitor or transit-amplifying cells rather than stem cells.

DNA strand breaks accumulate in long term HSCs during aging.[27] This accumulation is associated with a broad attenuation of DNA repair and response pathways that depends on HSC quiescence.[27]Non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) is a pathway that repairs double-strand breaks in DNA. NHEJ is referred to as "non-homologous" because the break ends are directly ligated without the need for a homologous template. The NHEJ pathway depends on several proteins including ligase 4, DNA polymerase mu and NHEJ factor 1 (NHEJ1, also known as Cernunnos or XLF).

DNA ligase 4 (Lig4) has a highly specific role in the repair of double-strand breaks by NHEJ. Lig4 deficiency in the mouse causes a progressive loss of HSCs during aging.[28] Deficiency of lig4 in pluripotent stem cells results in accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks and enhanced apoptosis.[29]

In polymerase mu mutant mice, hematopoietic cell development is defective in several peripheral and bone marrow cell populations with about a 40% decrease in bone marrow cell number that includes several hematopoietic lineages.[30] Expansion potential of hematopoietic progenitor cells is also reduced. These characteristics correlate with reduced ability to repair double-strand breaks in hematopoietic tissue.

Deficiency of NHEJ factor 1 in mice leads to premature aging of hematopoietic stem cells as indicated by several lines of evidence including evidence that long-term repopulation is defective and worsens over time.[31] Using a human induced pluripotent stem cell model of NHEJ1 deficiency, it was shown that NHEJ1 has an important role in promoting survival of the primitive hematopoietic progenitors.[32] These NHEJ1 deficient cells possess a weak NHEJ1-mediated repair capacity that is apparently incapable of coping with DNA damages induced by physiological stress, normal metabolism, and ionizing radiation.[32]

The sensitivity of haematopoietic stem cells to Lig4, DNA polymerase mu and NHEJ1 deficiency suggests that NHEJ is a key determinant of the ability of stem cells to maintain themselves against physiological stress over time.[28] Rossi et al.[33] found that endogenous DNA damage accumulates with age even in wild type HSCs, and suggested that DNA damage accrual may be an important physiological mechanism of stem cell aging.

Being calm is different from doing nothing, the HSCs stay calm and maintain their quiescent nature. During the need of action it revokes the dormant state and becomes an active participant in the host metabolism. These Metabolic alteration that a stem cell undergoes during proliferation and quiescence are decisive which makes the cells to survive in extreme hypoxic environment that prevails in bone marrow.[34] This kind of quiescence nature in HSCs may be the reason behind for being/acting as stem cells for long lasting periods even throughout the lifetime of an individual.

HSCs can replenish all blood cell types (i.e., are multipotent) and self-renew. A small number of HSCs can expand to generate a very large number of daughter HSCs. This phenomenon is used in bone marrow transplantation,[35] when a small number of HSCs reconstitute the hematopoietic system. This process indicates that, subsequent to bone marrow transplantation, symmetrical cell divisions into two daughter HSCs must occur.

Stem cell self-renewal is thought to occur in the stem cell niche in the bone marrow, and it is reasonable to assume that key signals present in this niche will be important in self-renewal.[1] There is much interest in the environmental and molecular requirements for HSC self-renewal, as understanding the ability of HSC to replenish themselves will eventually allow the generation of expanded populations of HSC in vitro that can be used therapeutically.

HSCs have a higher potential than other immature blood cells to pass the bone marrow barrier, and, thus, may travel in the blood from the bone marrow in one bone to another bone. If they settle in the thymus, they may develop into T cells. In the case of fetuses and other extramedullary hematopoiesis, HSCs may also settle in the liver or spleen and develop.

This enables HSCs to be harvested directly from the blood.

A cobblestone area-forming cell (CAFC) assay is a cell culture-based empirical assay. When plated onto a confluent culture of stromal feeder layer, a fraction of HSCs creep between the gaps (even though the stromal cells are touching each other) and eventually settle between the stromal cells and the substratum (here the dish surface) or trapped in the cellular processes between the stromal cells. Emperipolesis is the in vivo phenomenon in which one cell is completely engulfed into another (e.g. thymocytes into thymic nurse cells); on the other hand, when in vitro, lymphoid lineage cells creep beneath nurse-like cells, the process is called pseudoemperipolesis. This similar phenomenon is more commonly known in the HSC field by the cell culture terminology cobble stone area-forming cells (CAFC), which means areas or clusters of cells look dull cobblestone-like under phase contrast microscopy, compared to the other HSCs, which are refractile. This happens because the cells that are floating loosely on top of the stromal cells are spherical and thus refractile. However, the cells that creep beneath the stromal cells are flattened and, thus, not refractile. The mechanism of pseudoemperipolesis is only recently coming to light. It may be mediated by interaction through CXCR4 (CD184) the receptor for CXC Chemokines (e.g., SDF1) and 41 integrins.[36]

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) cannot be easily observed directly, and, therefore, their behaviors need to be inferred indirectly. Clonal studies are likely the closest technique for single cell in vivo studies of HSC. Here, sophisticated experimental and statistical methods are used to ascertain that, with a high probability, a single HSC is contained in a transplant administered to a lethally irradiated host. The clonal expansion of this stem cell can then be observed over time by monitoring the percent donor-type cells in blood as the host is reconstituted. The resulting time series is defined as the repopulation kinetic of the HSC.

The reconstitution kinetics are very heterogeneous. However, using symbolic dynamics, one can show that they fall into a limited number of classes.[37] To prove this, several hundred experimental repopulation kinetics from clonal Thy-1lo SCA-1+ lin c-kit+ HSC were translated into symbolic sequences by assigning the symbols "+", "-", "~" whenever two successive measurements of the percent donor-type cells have a positive, negative, or unchanged slope, respectively. By using the Hamming distance, the repopulation patterns were subjected to cluster analysis yielding 16 distinct groups of kinetics. To finish the empirical proof, the Laplace add-one approach[clarification needed] was used to determine that the probability of finding kinetics not contained in these 16 groups is very small. By corollary, this result shows that the hematopoietic stem cell compartment is also heterogeneous by dynamical criteria.

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Best Stem Cell Doctors in Phoenix, Scottsdale, Mesa, Glendale …

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Offering stem cell treatments in Phoenix Metro with Award Winning, Compassionate Top Docs! The same providers for the Phoenix Suns, Mercury, San Francisco Giants and the PGA Tour!

Dr. Damper is an interventional spine, pain and sports specialist. He is Board Certified and is an active member of the American Academy of PM&R, American Osteopathic Association and the Arizona Osteopathic Medical Association.

After finishing medical school at AT Still University in Missouri, Dr. Damper performed his residency at Loyola University in Chicago. A subsequent fellowship in Interventional pain and spine work was completed at Non Surgical Orthopedic in Marietta, Georgia.

Dr. Damper is on the leading edge of regenerative therapies, treating each patient with unique options and knowledgeable interventionals. The success rate with patients is tremendous as they get back frequently to desired activities, from high level athletics to simply being able to walk farther!

Dr. Monte Hessler has been a top provider in the Valley for over 25 years. He works closely with the interventional doctors to help patients with regenerative medicine therapies.

He graduated from the University of Health Sciences in Southern CA, and for over fifteen years has been the team chiropractor for the Phoenix Suns and the Phoenix Mercury. In addition, he has provided chiropractic services to the San Francisco Giants, Milwaukee Brewers and the PGA Tour.

One of Dr. Hesslers key missions is helping patients avoid surgery through an integrated approach. This includes regenerative therapies along with physical therapy, laser and electrical stimulation, ultrasound, spinal decompression, massage and more!

R3 Stem Cells Centers of Excellence provide treatment options that offer patients hope and pain relief. Hope that possibly risky surgery can be avoided, and arthritis, back pain and soft tissue injury can be repaired with the individual then being able do things like hike,swim, play with your kids again, ride a bike and be Free of Pain!

Existing pain treatments have been excellent at reducing pain by masking discomfort in a band aid fashion with medications such as narcotics, NSAIDS and cortisone.

These treatments have been excellent for relief, but they DONT fix the underlying problem!

Fixing Tissue Injury

So how is the problem truly helpedat our Centers of Excellence, whether its joint arthritis, neck or back pain, achilles tendonitis, rotator cuff tendonitis, golfers/tennis elbow, sports injuries, ligament injury, COPD, kidney failure, neuropathy, Alzheimers, stroke, etc?

Regenerative Medicine at R3 Stem Cell centers has the possibility for repairing normal anatomy by using treatment with platelet rich plasma therapy, stem cells, and growth factors to potentiate a healing response in ones own body.

Stem Cells are a veritable blank slate and can differentiate into multiple types of cells helpful for tissue regeneration depending on the environment in which they are placed.

R3 Stem Cell Treatments

R3 stem cell injection treatments are all minimal risk, outpatient therapies. Several studies are showing these regenerative treatments to work very well at healing injury while reducing pain. For example, several professional sports leagues have approved of PRP therapy along with the WADA.

Pro athletes who have undergone regenerative therapies performed include the likes of Kobe Bryant, Rafael Nadal, Dwight Howard, Tiger Woods (during his prime) and many more.

All of the treatments at R3 Stem Cell centers are administered by compassionate, expertproviders who have performed lots of cases.

In fact, the R3 providers in Phoenix have been treating athletes from the PGA Tour, Phoenix Suns, Mercury and San Francisco Giants for over ten years! Get treated by the best, call us today at (480) 466-0980.

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If you have pain, we're here to help. Regenexx Procedures are patented stem cell and blood platelet procedures that are used to treat a wide range of joint and spine conditions.

Click a problem area to discover what Regenexx can do for you.

The Regenexx family of non-surgical stem-cell & blood platelet procedures are next generation regenerative injection treatments for those who are suffering from shoulder pain due to arthritis, rotator cuff and shoulder labrum tears, overuse injuries, and other degenerative conditions. Regenexx is also a viable alternative for those considering shoulder replacement surgery.

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Regenexx Procedures are advanced stem cell and blood platelet procedures for foot and ankle conditions. Before you consider ankle surgery, fusion or replacement, consider the worlds leading stem cell and prp injection treatments.

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The Regenexx family of non-surgical stem-cell & blood platelet procedures are next generation regenerative injection treatments for those who are suffering from pain or reduced range of motion due to basal joint / cmc arthritis, hand arthritis, or other injuries & conditions in the hand.

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The Regenexx family of non-surgical stem cell and blood platelet procedures offer next-generation injection treatments for those who are suffering from knee pain or may be facing knee surgery or knee replacement due to common injuries, arthritis, overuse and other conditions.

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ACL Procedure Video In-Depth with Dr. John Schultz ACL Procedure Video

The Regenexx family of non-surgical stem-cell & blood platelet procedures are next generation regenerative injection treatments for those who are suffering from pain, inflammation or reduced range of motion due tocommon elbow injuries, arthritis and overuse conditions.

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The Regenexx family of hip surgery alternatives are breakthrough, non-surgical stem-cell treatments for people suffering from hip pain due to common injuries, hip arthritis & other degenerative problems related to the hip joint.

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Hip Labrum Procedure Video Hip Avascular Necrosis Procedure Video

Regenexx has many non-surgical platelet and stem cell based procedures developed to help patients avoid spine surgery and high dose epidural steroid side effects. These procedures utilize the patients own natural growth factors or stem cells to treat bulging or herniated discs, degenerative conditions in the spine, and other back and neck conditions that cause pain.

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Regenexx has many non-surgical platelet and stem cell based procedures developed to help patients avoid spine surgery and high dose epidural steroid side effects. These procedures utilize the patients own natural growth factors or stem cells to treat bulging or herniated discs, degenerative conditions in the spine, and other back and neck conditions that cause pain.

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Stem Cell Therapy and PRP in Denver – Pain Experts at …

By Stem Cell Doctors

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Panorama Orthopedics & Spine Center has been a trusted provider of orthopedic care in metro Denver for more than 70 years. With more than 30 orthopedic surgeons, we are one of the largest and most specialized orthopedic groups in the United States and are known as a leader in orthopedic care. We offer highly trained surgeons and

specialists in sports medicine, spine, joint replacement, orthopedic trauma, foot and ankle, hand and wrist and non-operative pain management. We are committed to excellence in everything we do. Thats why patients of all ages from children to seniors trust Panorama Orthopedics to help them get them back to doing the things they love.

Have Questions? Contact Our Office Today! (303) 233-1223

They were committed to getting me back to my life.

Karen HoganPatient of Emery Pino, MSPT

At Panorama Orthopedics & Spine Center, we are excited to offer our patients an innovative approach to treating pain and healing. Regenerative medicine offers a natural way to boost your bodys healing power, helping you return to the activities you love. Through our Regenerative Medicine program, we offer both Stem Cell Therapy and Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy (PRP Therapy).

Both stem cells and plasma are derived from your own blood and can be processed in a lab to isolate and the cells. This concentrated preparation can then be injected back into the area of injury to help accelerate and augment the healing processes in the body.

These procedures are some of the newest treatments available today. They offer patients with a minimally invasive option to help relieve the pain of arthritis or injury and improve your function.

Panoramas highly qualified surgeons can use PRP therapy in the operating room following a repair or reconstructive surgery. It has been seen to aid in the healing of the surgical site and reduce recovery time.

Our regenerative medicine team consists of highly experienced medical doctors who are specialized in orthopedic pain management and physical medicine and rehabilitation.

Every person and every injury is different; there is no one-size-fits-all solution. Individuals with severe bone-on-bone arthritis or conditions that require a surgical repair may not be the right candidates for these innovative solutions. However, rest assured, Panoramas team of doctors includes orthopedic experts who specialize in every area of the body from the simplest injury to the most complex orthopedic reconstructions. At Panorama, you will get the answers you need to have confidence in your treatment decisions.

At Panorama Orthopedics & Spine Center, we are excited to offer our patients an innovative approach to treating pain. Stem cell therapy offers a natural way to boost your bodys healing power, helping you return to the activities you love. The process is simple, low risk and can improve your chances of recovering from an injury or condition or in some cases they can aid in the healing process fromsurgery.

Stem cells are the building and healing agents in your blood, bones, tissue and muscles that have been at work since you were born, helping you to physically grow into the person you are today.In stem cell therapy, our experienced doctors strategically position these powerful cells, in a concentrated form, where they are needed most where your body is hurting. Nature does the rest.

Ask us about this alternative today. Stem cell therapy might be the solution you have been seeking to help relieve your pain and improve your function, more quickly than you could do on your own.

Panoramas Commitment to Competitive Pricing for Stem Cell Therapy:

Panoramas commitment to provide the best care at the lowest cost, allows us to offer stem cell therapy an extremely low rates:

For your comfort and convenience, procedures are performed in our out-patient Golden Ridge Surgery Center in Golden.

Platelet Rich Plasma Therapy, also referred to widely as PRP therapy, is used to enhance and accelerate soft tissue healing. About 98% of the indications for treatment include injuries to the tendons or ligaments. It can be injected both in a clinic setting and in an operative setting as an adjunct to surgery, as a way to promote quicker healing. PRP can be injected into the spine or any joint such as the knee, hip, elbow, shoulder, wrist, fingers or thumb, ankles and toes.

Some of the common conditions that benefit from PRP therapy include:

Platelet Rich Plasma is a product of your own blood. Your blood contains red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets. Platelets are best known for helping your blood clot. However, platelets also contain growth factors, which when injected into ligaments or tendons can aid in the healing of injuries.

The blood plasma contains the platelets and it is this material that is processed in our lab and spun down to extract the platelets that have the healing properties that can be used to inject into injured sites to help promote healing. Panorama physicians use x-ray or ultrasound guidance when providing PRP injections. Research has shown that without this guidance the actual site of injury is missed more than 5% of the time.

You may not feel an immediate difference after treatment because with PRP therapy the growth factors bind to the cell surface to signal growth. By signaling growth, growth factors and therefore platelet rich plasma helps to catalyze healing processes within the body. The healing may continuously increase for up to a year.

PRP Therapy is a procedure done in the office. The regenerative medicine team will meet with you to discuss your injury or pain and decide if PRP would be an effective treatment for you.

When you come in to the office for PRP therapy, you will have your blood drawn and sent to our lab. In the lab the blood is put into a centrifuge and spun down to separate the plasma and concentrate the platelets. We are able to analyze and test the final preparation so that we have the highest quality sample prepared for your injection. Once the actual PRP is prepared, the doctor will inject this preparation of your own cells back into the area of injury.

PRP therapy is designed to heal rather than cover symptoms, therefore unless re-injury occurs, the effects of the PRP therapy may last a lifetime. When the body has an extra boost to heal from the platelet rich plasma, the body heals quicker and areas of the body that could formerly not heal are prompted to heal.

How much does PRP Therapy cost?

Some insurance providers currently cover the cost of PRP therapy. For others this will be a self-pay procedure. At Panorama we offer the treatment at the best possible value to our patients with very competitive pricing:

Panorama has invested in a sophisticated biologics laboratory at the Golden Office. This lab is currently one of only a handful of labs around the country. This new, FDA approved laboratory is used for processing both Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) and Stem Cells. We utilize the newest technologies that were developed by Greyledge Technologies in Vail, Colorado.

Customized Therapy

Because we have our own lab, Panorama offers patients customized therapy, as each preparation is analyzed for platelets, red blood cells and white blood cells (among 27 parameters), and then reviewed by your physician prior to treatment.

This knowledge permits us to make adjustments based on our collective experience. No other system or technology allows for this kind of capability to personalize your treatment.

Collecting Outcomes Data

Having our own lab also allows us to process stem cells and PRP in a way that we can control the quality of the specimen and know exactly the amount of biologic that is in a specific preparation or sample. In addition to providing higher quality injections, it also leads us to the ability to measure and study outcomes for these new break-trough procedures. It is our goal to collect highly reliable outcome data and to share that date with patients in a way that is 100% transparent.

Panorama Orthopedics & Spine Center is a trusted leader in orthopedics. By speaking with one of our knowledgeable and experienced specialists, you will be able to learn about all of the options available to make you feel better. Stem cell therapy may be anoption to helpwithpain relief and help you reach your health goals.

Dr Karen Knight

The Stem Cell and PRP programs at Panorama Orthopedics are led byDr. Karen KnightTogether with her partner,Dr. Michael Hornerthey provide the full spectrum of stem cell therapy and PRP options that can be used to help treat arthritis, back pain and limited injuries affecting the muscles, joints, tendons or cartilage, particularly if those injuries are not healing quickly on their own or there is poor blood flow to the area. In many cases, stem cell therapy can give patients the relief they need and help them avoid surgery.

Dr Knight and Dr Horner are both dedicated to providing patients with the compassionate care needed to help improve function and reduce pain, without surgery. Stem cells also can be used for surgical patients to help reduce recovery time. Panoramas highly qualified surgeons can perform stem cell therapy at the end of almost any repair or reconstructive surgery. It is a promising treatment for patients who want to more fully and quickly recover postoperatively.

Every person and every injury is different; there is no one-size-fits-all solution. That is why Panoramas team of doctors includes orthopedic experts who specialize in a wide range of services, from pain management to regenerative medicine to outpatient surgery. At Panorama, you will get the answers you need to have confidence in your treatment decisions. If stem cell therapy is the tool that will work the best for you, we will make sure that you are in good hands.

Your body has an incredible capacity to heal, but sometimes it needs a boost.

Stem cell therapy is a minimally invasive procedure that generally takes an hour from start to finish. The procedure is not a surgery, but patients receive a sedative for comfort whileit is done at Panoramas surgery center in Golden, Colorado

After anesthesia is given through an IV, our experienced doctors draw the stem cells from the bone marrow in the pelvis. Those cells are then concentrated in a lab and injected at the site of the arthritis or injury.

Stem cell therapy is a low-risk procedure. Patients are asked not to do high-impact activities such as running and jumping for a short period of time following the treatment, but otherwise are able to go about their normal routines. The stem cells do the rest, going to work to help repair the damage that was caused either by wear and tear or through an injury.

After that, all that is needed is a band-aid and some rest while the stem cells adapt to the needs of their new environment.

We pride ourselves on providing personalized care to all of our patients. That starts with a full orthopedic evaluation with one of our doctors to assess your needs and evaluate your treatment options.

In addition to our pain management team, we also have specialists who focus on specific areas of the body including the spine, shoulder, hand, elbow, hip, knee, foot and ankle. Dont put your health on hold call to make an appointment today!

Kathleen Rouzier is a certified Physician Assistant who obtained a Master in Health Sciences while completing the Physician Assistant Program at Duke University School of Medicine. She received her BS in Molecular Biology at University of Kansas. Prior to embarking on her medical career, she worked as a Healthcare IT Consultant. She has interest in interventional pain management and spine health, which grew after participating in and teaching Pilates. Kathy has additional hands-on training on performing ultrasound guided injections. She believes in best practice, a whole person approach, and connecting with her patients in order to provide the best possible care.

Kathy and her husband and two young boys are happy to call Colorado home. Although she grew up in Nebraska, shes lived in Europe and Australia for extended period of time. Kathy enjoys anything active, especially outdoors, and spends much of her time with her family hiking, biking, picnicking, traveling, baking and crafting. Shes very happy to be part of the Non-operative Spine/Interventional Pain Medicine team at Panorama.

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Top Rated Stem Cell Injections Doctors / Surgeons NYC

By Stem Cell Doctors

Our NYC orthopedic surgeons are medical doctors who have gained specialist qualifications in sport medicine and orthopedic surgery and hold best in class qualifications. We provide expert diagnosis and management of all musculoskeletal injuries for both elite and recreational athletes but also acute and overuse injuries that occur at work or during everyday activities for patients all patients of all ages.

Please note: A doctors referral is NOT necessary from a General Practitioner to see our sports medicine or orthopedic surgery specialists for a consultation, 2nd opinion, or for treatment at our orthopedic practice including surgery and stem cell injections, cortisone injections, cartilage grafting, gel injections, or platelet-rich plasma injections or PRP injections.

We offer full-out of network insurance benefits (we will contact your insurance company and submit for you). You will enjoy the luxury and benefit of academic medicine in a top rated concierge environment without the hassle of long hospital waiting room times and paperwork. Most policies reimburse patients for most of the cost of surgery. Our surgical coordinator will help you with a quote.

We are proud to offer our patients state-of-the-art biologics that can aid in rapid recovery which presentspossible alternatives to surgical orthopedic procedures:

Stem Cell Therapy: Stem cells have shown exceptional promise in the treatment of orthopedic injuries. They are cells that have retained the ability to become many different types of cells. Because these cells can theoretically be utilized to grow new cartilage, bone or even organs, a substantial amount of research today is being directed at learning how these cells function.

The surgeons at Glashow orthopedics believe that the future of sports medicine and orthopedic surgery lies in the field of OrthoBiologics. Put simply, OrthoBiologics seeks to accelerate healing and recovery by maximizing the bodys ability to heal itself. Future treatments will be focused on providing an optimal environment for the healing process, allowing for faster recoveries and the regeneration of lost tissue. For this reason, our surgeons have embraced the latest Stem Cell and Orthobiologics techniques to offer our New York patients state of the art care and improved outcomes.

Stem Cells are commonly found in three places:

1. Bone Marrow 2. Adipose (Fat) tissue 3. Cord Blood

Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells: Stem cells are located in all of the long bones, including the pelvis, femur, tibia and humerus. Bone Marrow derived stem cells are currently considered the best option for orthopedic procedures, because they are more closely related to bone and cartilage. They can be harvested through simple, minimally invasive procedures performed in the office or in the operating room. Once the cells are retrieved, they are taken to a special machine that removes other types of cells and are concentrated into a serum. This serum can then be injected into joints, fractures or muscle and tendon injuries.

Once inside the body, the stem cells are activated by growth factors. Growth factors are chemicals inside the human body that are responsible for directing the injury repair process. Growth factors occur naturally at areas of injury, or can be injected along with stem cells as part of a Platelet Rich Plasma preparation. (Insert hyperlink to prp) The growth factors tell the stem cells what type of cell to become.

Adipose Derived Stem Cells: Fat contains an even higher concentration of stem cells than bone marrow. These cells, however, are different from the ones found in bone marrow, and are easier to direct to become soft tissue cells, making them more ideal for general and plastic surgery applications. To get adipose derived stem cells to become bone or cartilage, special chemicals need to be added to the serum, making them less desirable for use in orthopedic injuries. These cells are harvested by removing some fat from the belly area, making the procedure very popular among most patients!

Cord Blood Stem Cells: These cells are harvested from the umbilical cord and placenta immediately following birth. Pregnancy is required to obtain these cells, but they are the most flexible cell type, being able to form nearly any other cell. For this reason, Cord Blood banking has become a popular option for new parents. The cells are harvested and cryogenically preserved in the event they will be needed later to treat a disease.

IRAP (Interleukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein): This protein is often confused with Stem Cells, and has been made popular recently by several high-profile professional athletes who have attempted to use it to extend their careers (Kobe Bryant hyperlink).

The inflammatory cytokine InterLeukin-1 (IL-1) has been implicated as an inducer of osteoarthritis in joints, playing a key role in the acceleration of soft tissue destruction. IL-1 is currently thought to be the primary mediator of breakdown of articular cartilage in diseased joints. IL-1 Receptor Antagonist (IL-1RA), a small glycoprotein and a competitive inhibitor of IL-1, is thought to bind to IL-1 and halt its ability to further injure the joint. IRAP (InterLeukin-1 Receptor Antagonist Protein) is a blood product created by incubating a patients blood for 24 hours in glass beads, then eluting and centrifuging the end product. It closely resembles PRP and is, in effect, a liquid NSAID, blocking the IL-1 mediate inflammatory pathway. In other words, IRAP is equivalent to liquid Motrin and will reduce pain and inflammation in the joint, but will do nothing to assist with healing or regeneration of tissue. For this reason, the surgeons at Glashow Orthopedics do not currently offer this procedure.

Cartilage Grafting:Cartilage grafting is a surgical procedure offered by our Upper East Side NYC orthopedic surgeons that replaces damaged cartilage with healthy cartilage. Cartilage grafting is performed to correct joint deformities and restore the weight-bearing capability of the affected joint.Cartilage grafting is indicated in patients with articular cartilage damage in the joint to restore normal functioning of the joint. We have used stem cell therapy for conditions of the shoulder, knee, and more.

Hylgan / Hyuloron Injections / Gel Injections:Hyaluronan is one of the components of synovial fluid, which lubricates and acts as a shock absorber within the knee joint.The main benefit of having an hylagan / hyuloron injection is that it supplements and/or replaces the synovial fluid within the knee-joint. Originally intended for patients with osteoarthritis of the knee it is also of value to our sports injury and knee patients and can result in relief from pain for up to 6 months.

Platelet-rich plasma injections or PRP injections:Platelet-rich plasma injections or PRP injections utilize the patients own blood platelets to promote rapid healing of wounds and soft tissue disorders as an alternative option to various necessary orthopedic surgery. PRP injections have been successfully used to help heal tendons, ligaments, muscles and joints. Our Orthopedic surgeons will determine if you are a candidate for this cutting edge procedure. In clinical studiesPRP injections are showing measurable results of improved function and decreased pain in clinical studies. The healthy platelets are derived from the cells in your bone marrow along with red blood cells and plasma. In order to undergo PRP injections, the patients blood is drawn into a tube which is then spun or centrifuged to create the platelet-rich plasma. The platelet-rich plasma is then injected into the injured area under local anesthesia.

Our team of orthopedic surgeons, specialty nurses, physiotherapists and support staff are dedicated to managing your specific orthopedicsurgery and working together to ensure your needs are exceeded from consultation to following surgical discharge. Our goal is to deliver premium orthopaedic care using the latest techniques and advancements to achieve the best outcomes and help people return to pain-free, functional lives. Please read some of ourNYC Orthopedic Surgeons Top Reviews.

Our orthopedic surgeons pride ourselves with providing you highly personalized and comprehensive surgical fracture care. Our philosophy of direct doctor to patient care at every visit has made us one of the most trusted and respected practices on the Upper East Side in NYC. Feel free to contact us today, at any time, and start yourself on the road to recovery.

Dr. Jonathan Glashow, MD 737 Park Ave # 1C New York, NY 10021 (212) 794-5096

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Top Rated Stem Cell Injections Doctors / Surgeons NYC

Tomorrow Doctor Stem Cell Therapy for Pain

By Stem Cell Doctors

Imagine being able to enjoy a round of golf, play with your grandkids, or take that long-overdue trip, in less time than expected!Stem cells permit the body to renew and repair its damaged tissues. In this capacity stem cells also have the potential to treat ailments such as the neurological disorders, heart disease, or diabetes. This has opened the exciting field of cell-based therapies, otherwise known as reparative or regenerative medicine.With the Stem Cell Regenerative Therapy, you can live the life you want to live again!

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By using human cell and tissue products to create an optimal internal healing environment it gives patients and professionals new treatment options that werent available just a few years ago.

In order to be effective, you have to put in the work. Thats why Predictive insists on the rigorous research behind every product we develop. By going the extra step to identify the optimal tissue source from which to derive our human cell and tissue products (HCT/Ps), we hope to better support the bodys natural regenerative environment, and aid in its repair. Each of our four signature products has years of research behind it, is thoroughly tested, verified by independent parties and meticulously handled from our own labs to medical offices nationwide. Why? Because our products have a purpose thats bigger than just business: to help heal everybody.

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Cells from the Body

The human body contains over 200 kinds of cells, and each of those cell types originates in your zygote, the only cell that forms when an egg is fertilized by a sperm. In a couple of days, that cell divides and over again till it creates a blastocyst, a hollow ball of 150 to 200 cells that provide rise to each and every cell form a body should survive, including the umbilical cord and the placenta that nourishes the developing fetus.

Fundamental cell biology

Every cell type has its own dimensions and structure suitable for its own job. Skin cells, as an instance, are both small and streamlined, whilst neural cells that let you wiggle your feet have, branching nerve fibers called axons that run electrical impulses.

Cells with similar performance form tissues and cells organize to form organs. Every cell has its own task inside the tissue where it's found, and each the cells within a tissue and organ function together to be sure that the organ functions correctly.

Irrespective of their size or arrangement, all of human cells begin with these items in common:

A nucleus which includes DNA, the genetic catalog for the full body. Various cells take out various directions from the DNA, based on which those cells are intended to perform. Your DNA determines virtually everything in your entire body, from the colour of your eyes into a blood type and how vulnerable you are to particular ailments. Some diseases and ailments, such as colour blindness, are also passed through DNA.

Cytoplasm -- the liquid outside the nucleus. The cytoplasm includes various components which produce the substances that the mobile needs to perform its job.

The cell membrane -- the top layer of the cell, a intricate structure which receives and sends signals from different cells also allows material in and outside of the cell phone. Cells need to have the ability to communicate with operate together in cells and organs. Most cells split. Soon before branch, the DNA replicates and the cell divides into twodaughtercells. Each includes a complete replica of the first cell's DNA, cytoplasm and cell membrane.

About stem cells Stem cells are the basis of growth in plants, animals and people. In humans, there are lots of distinct kinds of stem cells which come from various areas in your system or are formed at various times in our own lives. These include embryonic stem cells which exist only in the first phases of growth and various kinds of tissue-specific (or even mature)stem cells which arise during embryonic growth and stay in our bodies during life.

Stem cells are characterized by two attributes:

They can create copies of these, or self-renew They could distinguish, or create, into more specialized cells Beyond both of these items, however, stem cells differ a whole lot in their behaviours and capacities.

Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent, meaning that they are able to create all the body's cell types but cannot create support constructions such as the placenta and umbilical cord.

Other tissues are multipotent, meaning that they could create a few distinct cell types, commonly in a particular organ or tissue.

As the body ages and develops, the quantity and kind of stem cells varies. Totipotent cells are no more present after dividing to the cells which create the placenta and umbilical cord. Pluripotent cells contribute to the cells that compose the human body's organs and cells. The stem cells which remain in your body during your lifetime are tissue-specific, and there's proof that these cells change as you get older, also -- your own skin stem cells in age 20 will not be precisely the same as the skin stem cells in age 80.

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Tomorrow Doctor Stem Cell Therapy for Pain

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