One Year Follow Up of Cytori Cell Therapy in Investigator Erectile … – GlobeNewswire (press release)

May 10, 2017 09:00 ET | Source: Cytori Therapeutics

SAN DIEGO, May 10, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Cytori Therapeutics, Inc.(NASDAQ:CYTX) announces one year follow up data of ADRCs (Cytori Cell Therapy) treatment in post prostatectomy erectile dysfunction. The related abstract and presentation will occur at the 2017 American Urological Association Annual Meeting, May 12-16 in Boston. The abstract is currently available in the Journal of Urology (online).

The investigator initiated, open label, Phase I, single arm pilot trial studied 21 men with post prostatectomy erectile dysfunction with insufficient clinical effect after maximal pharmacologic intervention. The abstract reports that following a single administration of Cytori Cell Therapy, eight of 14 (57%) of subjects with urinary continence at baseline recovered their erectile function and could implement sexual intercourse after 6 months with the effect sustained to 12 months after treatment. This was associated with a modest but statistically significant sustained improvement in the patients IIEF-5 score, a widely used measure of male sexual function. Efficacy was solely demonstrated in patients that were continent at inclusion of the trial. No serious adverse events and 8 minor events related to the liposuction were reported.

This data follows previously published six month follow-up from the same trial on a smaller subset of 17 men with erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy (publication available here).

In addition to this study in erectile dysfunction, Cytori Cell TherapyTM is currently being studied in the ADRESU trial in Japan for male urinary incontinence following prostatic surgery. This investigator initiated, phase III, multicenter, 45 patient trial of Cytoris ECCI-50 cellular therapeutic is based on promising pilot trial data published in the International Journal of Urology in 2014. Details of the pilot trial can be found on clinicaltrials.gov and the Japanese Ministry of Health Labour and Welfare website.

AboutCytori Therapeutics, Inc.

Cytori is a therapeutics company developing regenerative and oncologic therapies from its proprietary cell therapy and nanoparticle platforms for a variety of medical conditions. Data from preclinical studies and clinical trials suggest that Cytori Cell Therapy acts principally by improving blood flow, modulating the immune system, and facilitating wound repair. As a result, Cytori Cell Therapy may provide benefits across multiple disease states and can be made available to the physician and patient at the point-of-care through Cytoris proprietary technologies and products. Cytori Nanomedicine is developing encapsulated therapies for regenerative medicine and oncologic indications. For more information, visit http://www.cytori.com.

Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

This press release includes forward-looking statements regarding events, trends and business prospects, which may affect our future operating results and financial position. Such statements, including, without limitation, conduct of clinical trials and presentation of clinical data, are all subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results and financial position to differ materially. Some of these risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, inherent risk and uncertainty in conduct of investigator-initiated clinical trials, protection of intellectual property rights, regulatory uncertainties, risks in the collection and results of clinical data, final clinical outcomes, dependence on third party performance, performance and acceptance of our products in the marketplace, as well as other risks and uncertainties described under the heading "Risk Factors" in Cytori's Securities and Exchange Commission Filings on Form 10-K and Form 10-Q. We assume no responsibility to update or revise any forward-looking statements to reflect events, trends or circumstances after the date they are made.

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Stem cells in plants and animals behave surprisingly similarly – Science Daily


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Stem cells in plants and animals behave surprisingly similarly - Science Daily

Three-dimensional system enabling the maintenance and directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells under … – Science Advances

The development of in vitro models for the maintenance and differentiation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is an active area of stem cell research. The strategies used so far are based mainly on two-dimensional (2D) cultures, in which cellular phenotypes are regulated by soluble factors. We show that a 3D culture system with atelocollagen porous scaffolds can significantly improve the outcome of the current platforms intended for the maintenance and lineage specification of mouse PSCs (mPSCs). Unlike 2D conditions, the 3D conditions maintained the undifferentiated state of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) without exogenous stimulation and also supported endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm differentiation of mESCs under serum-free conditions. Moreover, 3D mPSCderived mesodermal cells showed accelerated osteogenic differentiation, giving rise to functional osteoblast-osteocyte populations within calcified structures. The present strategy offers a 3D platform suitable for the formation of organoids that mimic in vivo organs containing various cell types, and it may be adaptable to the generation of ectoderm-, mesoderm-, and endoderm-derived tissues when combined with appropriate differentiation treatments.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial license, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, so long as the resultant use is not for commercial advantage and provided the original work is properly cited.

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Three-dimensional system enabling the maintenance and directed differentiation of pluripotent stem cells under ... - Science Advances

Novel tissue-engineered islet transplant achieves insulin independence in type 1 diabetes – Science Daily


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Novel tissue-engineered islet transplant achieves insulin independence in type 1 diabetes
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Scientists from the Diabetes Research Institute (DRI) at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine have produced the first clinical results demonstrating that pancreatic islet cells transplanted within a tissue-engineered platform can ...

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INTERNATIONAL REGENERATIVE MEDICINE COMMUNITY TO … – GlobeNewswire (press release)

May 10, 2017 10:59 ET | Source: Regenerative Medicine Foundation Miami, Florida, May 10, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) --

The 13ththWorld Stem Cell Summit http://www.worldstemcellsummit.com is taking place January 23-26, 2018 at the Hyatt Regency Miami. Produced by the nonprofit Regenerative Medicine Foundation (RMF), the event is the global ecosystem meeting for advanced therapies; fostering public understanding, promoting positive policy initiatives and collaborations.

The World Stem Cell Summit will be co-located with the fields premier industry partnering event, Phacilitate Leaders Forum, Cell & Gene Therapy World and Immunotherapy World.

In addition to compelling keynotes, plenary and focus sessions, thediverse four-day program includesexpert lunch roundtables; a centrally located Expo packed with innovators in industry, academia and government; a poster forum showcasing science and policy research; the galaStem Cell Action Awards Dinnerhttp://regmedfoundation.org/awards/; as well as many exclusive networking and partnering opportunities.

RMF Executive Director Bernard Siegel, founder and co-chair of the Summit said, We are proud to select Miami to be our host for the next World Stem Cell Summit. Miami is often referred to as the 'City of the Future' and in 2018 it will be the center of the stem cell universe. Its the perfect venue for Summit attendees to gain knowledge, network and collect opportunities to advance their goals, in a superlative, cosmopolitan setting.

ABOUT RMFRegenerative Medicine Foundation is dedicated to accelerating regenerative medicine to improve health and deliver cures. RMF pursues its mission by producing its flagship World Stem Cell Summit, honoring leaders through the Stem Cell Action Awards http://worldstemcellsummit.com/stem-cell-action-awards/, publishing the World Stem Cell Report and RegMed Newsletter, organizing educational initiatives such as the upcoming Regenerative Medicine Essentials Course http://www.wakehealth.edu/Research/WFIRM/RMEssentials/Regenerative-Medicine-Essentials.htm and fostering strategic collaborations.

For more information about RMF, visitwww.regmedfoundation.orgor contact Bernard Siegel directly at Bernard@regmedfoundation.org.

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A photo accompanying this announcement is available at http://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/64ef8cd8-84a3-4130-8a8f-f1e020eaeba3

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New lung ‘organoids’ in a dish mimic features of full-size lung – Phys.Org

May 12, 2017 Bright-field images of day 50 LBO-derived Matrigel colonies from RUES2 cells. Representative of six independent experiments. Scale bars, 500?m. Credit: Snoeck lab/Columbia University Medical Center

New lung "organoids"tiny 3-D structures that mimic features of a full-sized lunghave been created from human pluripotent stem cells by researchers at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). The team used the organoids to generate models of human lung diseases in a lab dish, which could be used to advance our understanding of a variety of respiratory diseases.

A paper detailing the discovery was published in the April 24 online issue of Nature Cell Biology.

Organoids are 3-D structures containing multiple cell types that look and function like a full-sized organ. By reproducing an organ in a dish, researchers hope to develop better models of human diseases, and find new ways of testing drugs and regenerating damaged tissue.

"Researchers have taken up the challenge of creating organoids to help us understand and treat a variety of diseases," said Hans-Willem Snoeck, PhD, professor of medicine (in Microbiology & Immunology) at CUMC and lead investigator of the study. "But we have been tested by our limited ability to create organoids that can replicate key features of human disease."

The lung organoids created in Dr. Snoeck's lab are the first to include branching airway and alveolar structures, similar to human lungs.

To demonstrate their functionality, the researchers showed that the organoids reacted in much the same way as a real lung does when infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Additional experiments revealed that the organoids also responded as a human lung would when carrying a gene mutation linked to pulmonary fibrosis.

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RSV is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and has no vaccine or effective antiviral therapy. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a condition that causes scarring in the lungs, causes 30,000 to 40,000 deaths in the U.S. each year. A lung transplant is the only cure for this condition.

"Organoids, created with human pluripotent or genome-edited embryonic stem cells, may be the best, and perhaps only, way to gain insight into the pathogenesis of these diseases," Dr. Snoeck says.

Explore further: New study makes strides towards generating lung tissue

More information: Ya-Wen Chen et al, A three-dimensional model of human lung development and disease from pluripotent stem cells, Nature Cell Biology (2017). DOI: 10.1038/ncb3510

Using Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), researchers have for the first time profiled the complete genetic programs of early lung progenitors identifying genes that control lung formation and have created mini-lung organoids ...

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New lung "organoids"tiny 3-D structures that mimic features of a full-sized lunghave been created from human pluripotent stem cells by researchers at Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC). The team used the organoids ...

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Stem Cell Regeneration Clinics: Waiting to Pounce on the Desperate – Patheos (blog)

Manuelas most recent email set my skeptic senses tingling. This worried Colombian wife had reached out to me across the transom of the World Wide Web emphasis on the World Wide because of my personal experience and extensive research into awareness in vegetative states. Yet in this instance, I think my skeptical chops may be more helpful, as I attempt to get between her and predatory stem cell regeneration quacks.

Youll see why Im so concerned when you read her message:

Thanks for replying to my emails, this also helps me a lot [after I sent her a list Kate Allatt prepared for people in a locked-in or minimally conscious state].

I think my Husband (His name is Felipe [my pseudonym for him])is in that period of the coma [referring to my last email, in which I described my partial awareness during my coma, as my consciousness flickered in and out], he seem to be conscious some times, but other times he looks like he is somewhere else. He also has against his health that he has lost so much weight, he was 185 pounds, and today he is 125. We are looking for other options too, there is something called cells regeneration, it is very expensive, but I think is a good option. I will check out your blog.

Have a great day!

You may have picked this up by now, but my diplomacy skills are so atrocious that I could qualify for a position in the Trump administration diplomatic corps if I werent such a liberal. Thus, this was my typically too-blunt reply:

Manuela,

I would highly recommend against trying stem cell regeneration! Its not only unproven, but is potentially extremely dangerous. Read this article about three women who lost their all or part of their sight after having stem cells injected in their eyes in an attempt to cure macular degeneration:Patients Lose Sight After Stem Cells Are Injected Into Their Eyes. I think that in many cases, stem cell regeneration therapy is performed by quacks or at least unlicensed doctors pushing an unproven therapy, often exploiting desperate people.

If I were you, I would first try Ambien. Its harmless, inexpensive to try, and has had a few but remarkable successes (it was a small study). Zolpidem is the drugs name. Its available in a cheap generic. I used to take it myself before my coma.

Another technique that has shown temporary effectiveness is deep brain stimulation. I put some links into my first email, but here they are again (actually, this time the Ambien link is more specific to the drug treatment). Ambien:Sleeping pill may rouse coma patientsand deep brain stimulation:Electric brain stimulation rouses some people in a minimally conscious or vegetative state. The other thing that might help Felipes would be the physical therapy youve already said you were committed to beginning. If careful enough, that should be harmless as well.

As for Felipes weight, I myself lost a lot of weight and became dangerously skinny while being fed through my gastric tube. Perhaps you can request the high calorie liquid food I was eventually put on (if he isnt on it already).

Also, would you like me to put you in contact with the woman I mentioned who was in a locked-in state, Kate Allatt? (The link is Kates website, so you can contact her yourself if you like.) Kate is much more experienced in directing patients to resources than I am! In her memoir, by the way, she advocates for sometimes going against doctors wishes when you know whats best for your own body. She wasnt talking about a loved ones body, but you are Felipes voice right now.

At any rate, I hope you have a great day, as well, and that Felipe continues to improve!

There are further medical steps Manuela could take beyond the ones I had already suggested to her, though some involve slightly more powerful drugs. (Shes a looong way away from worrying about Ambien affecting Felipes driving.) These drugs at least have the advantage of having shown clinical effectiveness, albeit in studies that were small by necessity.

While stem cell regeneration is a promising area of legitimate medical research, these unlicensed clinics are a whole other kettle of fishiness. I had read about these scammers before, including an article about threewomen who lost their eyesight in whole or in part in an attempt to forestall their macular degeneration (which I linked to in my email).

I had also read about the sad case of Jim Gass, who had traveled to Mexico, China, and Argentina and paid tens of thousands of dollars to have stem cells injected into his spine in order to help him recover from a stroke.

Instead, he developed a huge tumor on his spine.

Whereas Gass was hampered before with a disabled arm and weakness in one of his legs, hes now a quadriplegic with the exception of one arm. And the growth of his spinal tumor continues unabated.

It may be too late for Jim Gass to learn this lesson about the dangers of unlicensed and unregulated stem cell regeneration clinics. But how can I impress that on Manuela without sounding paternalistic?

On the one hand, shes obviously a dogged online researcher. Thats how she found my coma recovery blog in the first place. But theres a reason why these scammers have a continual stream of victims beating down their doors to be fleeced.

There are a lot of desperate patients out there with no legitimate medical treatments, and theyre grasping for treatment options. Ive only been able to sense secondhand what my loved ones went through as I lay near death, with my doctors telling them to give up hope for my full recovery.

Or any recovery at all.

Keith did what Manuela is doing now, researching online. He found Dr. Adrian Owens tennis study, in which Dr. Owen and his team managed to communicated with a few people judged to be in persistent vegetative states.

That gave Keith the encouragement to continue trying to stimulate my mind as best he could without access to the expensive fMRI scanners Dr. Owen et al used.

What kind of desperately-needed hope can I offer Manuela?

Well, Ill probably send her a few more links to clinically tested treatments. Amantadine,a flu-fighting medication used as well for tremor in Parkinsons patients, and Levadopa(also used for Parkinsons disease) have both helped to improve awareness, increase periods of wakefulness, or even sparked awakening. While use of these drugs would be off label, at least there is clinical if limited data to back up their potential effectiveness.

Indeed, this is what the International Brain Injury Association had to say regarding patients in developing countries:

The situation gets worse in undeveloped countries where one can hardly find a brain trauma neurorehabilitation unit and exceptionally few patients can access them.

These treatment studies of course need to be replicated to spread more widely. But given that they employ tested treatments/drugs that are being used off label by specialists in the developed world, theyre certainly safer than stem cell regeneration, which is at best worthless and at worst has caused proven harm to many.

Manuela is already determined to take the matters into her own hands by giving Felipe physical therapy, despite his doctors dismissal of its utility. (My doctors said the same thing, and I believe that passive exercise wouldve at the very least shortened my recovery time. And given that my awareness and movement improved every time I was significantly stimulated, the physical therapy might well have hastened my awakening.)

In the end, all I can do is to try to gently encourage Manuela to try these safer and much cheaper interventions, which have show actual clinical effectiveness. With my decided lack of diplomatic skill, Im far from the best person to attempt this.

The stem cell regeneration clinic scammers will be waiting to pounce if I fail.

For as little as $1 a month, you can help feed a starving writer. Please considersupporting my work on Patreon.

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Stem Cell Regeneration Clinics: Waiting to Pounce on the Desperate - Patheos (blog)

Scientists Find The Cells At The Root Of Balding And Gray Hair – IFLScience

There is only one cure for gray hair... It is called the guillotine, PG Wodehouse once wrote. But lets not be so pessimistic, science might have found another way.

Scientists have identified the cells that allow our hair to grow, providingfurther insight into the mechanisms that cause hair to turn gray and bald. The researchers say this could be used to find treatments for balding and graying hair in the near future. The findings are published in the journal Genes & Development.

The study exploredstem cells deep in the hair follicles known as hair progenitor cells, along with two proteins called KROX20 and stem cell factor (SCF). They found that KROX20 turned on" in skincells that became the hair shaft. These hair progenitor cells then produced SCF, which is essential for hair pigmentation. If cells with both KROX20 and SCF are present, they move up from the follicle, interact with pigment-producing melanocyte cells, and grow into pigmented hairs.

However, when the team deleted the KROX20-producing cells in mice, they didnt grow any hair and became bald. When they deleted the SCF gene in the hair progenitor cells in mice, their hair turned white.

This discovery was stumbled uponby chance, as KROX20 is typically associated with nerve development. The researchers found the cells while studying a disorder called neurofibromatosis type 1, a rare genetic disease that causes tumors to grow on nerves.

Although this project was started in an effort to understand how certain kinds of tumors form, we ended up learning why hair turns gray and discovering the identity of the cell that directly gives rise to hair," lead researcher Dr Lu Le, from the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, said in astatement."With this knowledge, we hope in the future to create a topical compound or to safely deliver the necessary gene to hair follicles to correct these cosmetic problems."

Dr Le added that the next step is to find out how both the KROX20 in cells and the SCF gene stop working properly as people age, as well as their role in male pattern baldness. In the meantime, its time to start embracing that gray streak or rocking the bald look.

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Scientists Find The Cells At The Root Of Balding And Gray Hair - IFLScience

Chinese CAR T firm ICT licenses Vericel’s cell therapy platform for Asia – BioWorld Online

By Shannon Ellis Staff Writer

SHANGHAI Innovative Cellular Therapeutics Co. Ltd. (ICT), of Shanghai, a leader among China's pack of emerging CAR T oncology companies, has struck a partnership deal with Vericel Corp., the first biotech to receive FDA approval for a tissue-engineered autologous cell scaffold.

The deal moves ICT beyond oncology and CAR T, to give the Chinese firm a portfolio of four cell therapies for the treatment of knee cartilage repair, burn victims and heart failure patients. The deal also means ICT has the Asia rights to three FDA-approved assets and one under clinical study.

"This is the first U.S. FDA cell therapy deal with a Chinese company," said Jimmy Wei, ICT CEO. "In China, we are increasing our standard of quality and we think cell therapy should be more globally standardized."

A clinical-stage. VC-backed company, ICT has two clinical programs running in China for its 19CAR series to treat late-stage leukemia and lymphoma as well as numerous self-discovered CAR T oncology candidates. (See BioWorld Today, May 25, 2016.)

Last year, ICT went hunting for late-stage or approved cell therapy products outside of China. With the help of a consulting firm, it came up with a list of 20 potential companies, but Vericel quickly rose to the top due to its number of FDA-approved therapies. Vericel had acquired its technology from Sanofi Genzyme, where its knee cartilage therapy had been tested on patients in China. (See BioWorld Today, March 11, 2016, and Dec. 15, 2016.)

The deal gives ICT the right to develop and distribute four candidates Carticel, MACI, ixmyelocel-T and Epicel in Greater China, South Korea, Singapore and other counties in Asia. The company also will be responsible for funding the development, manufacturing and commercialization in that territory.

"MACI, Epicel and Carticel are FDA-approved products and have successfully treated thousands of patients in United States," said Lei Xiao, ICT chairperson. "Ixmyelocel-T has been evaluated in a phase II study in the U.S., and the encouraging data suggest that it may be a treatment option for millions of heart failure patients."

Vericel will receive a $6 million up-front payment from ICT and is eligible to receive $8 million in development and commercial milestones. Vericel may also receive tiered royalties from ICT equal to a percentage of net sales of each licensed product in the low to middle double digits.

ICT will also purchase $5 million worth of stock in Vericel. Intended to be more than a licensing agreement, the equity arrangement will set the foundation for a long-term partnership, Wei said.

Vericel will issue to ICT a warrant, exercisable for the number of shares of Vericel's common stock equal to $5 million less any withholding tax payable divided by Vericel's closing price on May 9, 2017, with an exercise price of $0.01 per share.

STILL AWAITING COMMERCIAL CLARITY

Currently, the commercial pathway for cell therapies in China is still uncertain. Biotechs like ICT are able to conduct small-scale clinical trials under the oversight of the National Health and Family Planning Commission (NHFPC) China's health ministry and are able to collect clinical trial data in a much quicker fashion than the CFDA-regulated process for new drugs. But getting authorization to charge for cell therapies is not permitted, although some companies find ways to charge hospitals in a process that is difficult to scale.

But that grey area makes it a buyer's market for forward-thinking Chinese biotechs on the hunt for China rights to global assets, at least for the time being.

"We should see more clarity with the regulatory pathway this year," Wei said. "After that, we can quickly launch the products. But once the pathway is more clear, the price of [in-licensing] those products will be much more expensive. . . . After the pathway is set, you will never get the price we got."

He said there are currently three regulatory models for China to consider: the U.S. system, in which the FDA approves cell therapies similarly to the way it approves drugs; a system like Japan's, where cell therapies are regulated by the MoH as a technology; or a hybrid of the two systems, a way that could work well in China if it could balance cost-effectiveness with tight manufacturing quality control.

MANUFACTURING PLATFORM

Manufacturing is a serious bottleneck for scaling autologous cell therapies, which require extracting a patient's cells to be processed before being reinserted into the patient's body. ICT has chosen to focus on building a logistics and manufacturing platform shared across cell therapies rather than stick strictly to a specific therapeutic area, such as oncology.

"We think the future for cell therapy companies is to build a core in manufacturing. There needs to be a cost advantage based on doing more than one product in order to achieve an economy of scale," said Wei. "There is a lot of similarity across therapies. The manufacturing process and systems that we will put in place [from Vericel] will be very helpful even for our CAR T product."

ICT hopes to take advantage of Vericel's quality control system that follow U.S. FDA standards in anticipation that China's guidelines could closely resemble those of U.S.

The company also is looking to bring its portfolio of CAR T candidates to U.S. and Europe and is currently in talks with potential partners.

MEETING AN UNMET NEED IN CHINA

In the end, Wei said he is optimistic that the benefits of Vericel's therapies particularly for burn victims and heart patients who currently have few options in China will win over the regulator concerns. Lacking detailed market data, it is predicted that the Chinese patient population for those two groups is four to five times as large as in the U.S.

FDA-approved Epicel therapy treats severe burn patients with more than 30 percent of their total body surface area burned using cultured epidermal autografts, or CEA. Vericel recently presented data demonstrating an 84 percent survival rate from the Epicel clinical experience databases in more than 950 patients with a mean total body surface area of 67 percent, which continues to support a probable survival benefit of Epicel in severe burn patients.

Ixmyelocel-T is an investigational autologous expanded multicellular therapy manufactured from the patient's own bone marrow using Vericel's highly automated, fully closed cell-processing system.

That process selectively expands the population of mesenchymal stromal cells and alternatively activated macrophages, which are responsible for production of anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic factors known to be important for repair of damaged tissue. It has been designated as an orphan drug by the U.S. FDA for use in the treatment of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).

The ixCELL-DCM trial was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study designed to assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of ixmyelocel-T compared to placebo when administered via transendocardial catheter-based injections to participants with end-stage heart failure due to ischemic DCM, who have no reasonable revascularization options (either surgical or percutaneous interventional) likely to provide clinical benefit. All participants were on maximized pharmacological heart failure treatment and had an automatic implantable cardiac defibrillator or cardiac resynchronization therapy. The primary endpoint is the number of all-cause deaths, cardiovascular hospital admissions, and unplanned outpatient and emergency department visits to treat acute decompensated heart failure over the 12 months following administration of ixmyelocel-T compared to placebo.

MACI (autologous cultured chondrocytes on porcine collagen membrane) is an autologous cellular scaffold product that is indicated for the repair of symptomatic single or multiple full-thickness cartilage defects of the knee with or without bone involvement in adults. The MACI implant consists of autologous cultured chondrocytes seeded onto a resorbable type I/III collagen membrane. Autologous cultured chondrocytes are human-derived cells which are obtained from the patient's own cartilage for the manufacture of MACI.

An autologous chondrocyte implant, Carticel is used to treat cartilage defects in the knee in patients who have had an inadequate response to a prior arthroscopic or other surgical repair procedure.

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