Stem Cell Clinic

Cell Therapy Market to Witness Rapid Growth, Driven by Growing Applications in Oncology and Regenerative Medic – openPR

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Global Cell Therapy Market report from Global Insight Services is the single authoritative source of intelligence on Cell Therapy Market. The report will provide you with analysis of impact of latest market disruptions such as Russia-Ukraine war and Covid-19 on the market. Report provides qualitative analysis of the market using various frameworks such as Porters' and PESTLE analysis. Report includes in-depth segmentation and market size data by categories, product types, applications, and geographies. Report also includes comprehensive analysis of key issues, trends and drivers, restraints and challenges, competitive landscape, as well as recent events such as M&A activities in the market.

To Remain 'Ahead' Of Your Competitors, Request for A Sample: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/request-sample/GIS21212

Cell therapy is a type of treatment that uses living cells to treat a disease or condition. The cells can be from the patient's own body, or they can be from a donor. Cell therapy is also called cellular therapy, cell transplantation, or regenerative medicine.

Key Trends:

The major factors driving the growth of this market are the increasing prevalence of cancer and chronic diseases, and the growing demand for personalized medicine.

However, the high cost of cell therapy treatments and the lack of skilled professionals are the major factors restraining the growth of this market.

Read more about Cell Therapy Market here: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/reports/cell-therapy-market

Key Drivers:

The key drivers of the cell therapy market are the increasing incidence of cancer, the rise in the aging population, and the growing demand for minimally invasive treatments.

The aging population is also a major driver of the cell therapy market, as the risk of developing cancer increases with age.

The demand for minimally invasive treatments is also growing, as patients seek to avoid the side effects of traditional cancer treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy.

Get Customized Report as Per Your Requirement: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/request-customization/GIS21212

Market Segments:

The cell therapy market is segmented by therapy type, therapeutic area, end-user, and region. By therapy type, the market is classified into autologous, and allogenic. On the basis of therapeutic area, it is bifurcated into malignancies, autoimmune disorders, dermatology, and others. Based on end-use, it is divided into hospitals, clinics, academic, and others. Region-wise, the market is segmented into North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and Rest of the World.

Key Players:

The global cell therapy market includes players such as Allosource, Cells for Cells, Holostem Terapie Avanzate Srl, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co Ltd, Kolon Tissuegene Inc, Medipost Co Ltd, Mesoblast Ltd, Nuvasive Inc, Osiris Therapeutics, Inc, Stemedica Cell Technologies Inc, and others.

For In-Depth Competitive Analysis, Purchase this Report: https://www.globalinsightservices.com/checkout/single_user/GIS21212

Contact Us:

Global Insight Services LLC16192, Coastal Highway, Lewes DE 19958E-mail: info@globalinsightservices.comPhone: +1-833-761-1700

About Global Insight Services:

Global Insight Services (GIS) is a leading multi-industry market research firm headquartered in Delaware, US. We are committed to providing our clients with highest quality data, analysis, and tools to meet all their market research needs. With GIS, you can be assured of the quality of the deliverables, robust & transparent research methodology, and superior service.

This release was published on openPR.

View original post here:
Cell Therapy Market to Witness Rapid Growth, Driven by Growing Applications in Oncology and Regenerative Medic - openPR

The first babies conceived with a sperm-injecting robot have been born – MIT Technology Review

By Embryonic Stem Cells

I was calm. In that exact moment, I thought, Its just one more experiment, says Eduard Alba, the student mechanical engineer who commanded the sperm-injecting device.

The startup company that developed the robot, Overture Life, says its device is an initial step toward automating in vitro fertilization, or IVF, and potentially making the procedure less expensive and far more common than it is today.

Right now, IVF labs are staffed by trained embryologists who earn upwards of $125,000 a year to delicately handle sperm and eggs using ultra-thin hollow needles under a microscope.

But some startups say the entire process could be carried out automatically, or nearly so. Overture, for instance, has filed a patent application describing a biochip for an IVF lab in miniature, complete with hidden reservoirs containing growth fluids, and tiny channels for sperm to wiggle through.

Think of a box where sperm and eggs go in, and an embryo comes out five days later, says Santiago Munn, the prize-winning geneticist who is chief innovation officer at the Spanish company. He believes that if IVF could be carried out inside a desktop instrument, patients might never need to visit a specialized clinic, where a single attempt at getting pregnant can cost $20,000 in the US. Instead, he says, a patients eggs might be fed directly into an automated fertility system at a gynecologists office. It has to be cheaper. And if any doctor could do it, it would be, says Munn.

MIT Technology Review identified a half-dozen startups with similar aims, with names like AutoIVF, IVF 2.0, Conceivable Life Sciences, and Fertilis. Some have roots in university laboratories specializing in miniaturized lab-on-a-chip technology.

So far, Overture has raised the most: about $37 million from investors including Khosla Ventures and Susan Wojcicki, the former CEO of YouTube.

The main goal of automating IVF, say entrepreneurs, is simple: its to make a lot more babies. About 500,000 children are born through IVF globally each year, but most people who need help having kids dont have access to fertility medicine or cant pay for it.

How do we go from half a million babies a year to 30 million? wonders David Sable, a former fertility doctor who now runs an investment fund. You cant if you run each lab like a bespoke, artisanal kitchen, and that is the challenge facing IVF. Its been 40 years of outstanding science and really mediocre systems engineering.

While an all-in-one fertility machine doesnt yet exist, even automating parts of the process, like injecting sperm, freezing eggs, or nurturing embryos, could make IVF less expensive and eventually support more radical innovations, like gene editing or even artificial wombs.

But it wont be easy to fully automate IVF. Just imagine trying to make a robot dentist. Test-tube conception involves a dozen procedures, and Overtures robot so far performs only one of them, and only partially.https://wp.technologyreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/robot-procedure-notext.mp4An video showing robotic fertilization of an egg at Overture Life Sciences. A vibrating needle pierces the egg, depositing a single sperm cell.

OVERTURE

The concept is extraordinary, but this is a baby step, says Gianpiero Palermo, a fertility doctor at Weill Cornell Medical Center who is credited with developing the fertilization procedure known as intracytoplasmic sperm injection, or ICSI, in the 1990s. Palermo notes that Overtures researchers still relied on some manual assistance for tasks like loading a sperm cell into the injector needle. This is not yet robotic ICSI, in my opinion, he says.

Other doctors are skeptical that robots can, or should, replace embryologists anytime soon. You pick up a sperm, put it in an egg with minimal trauma, as delicately as possible, says Zev Williams, director of Columbia Universitys fertility clinic. For now, humans are far better than a machine, he says.

His center did develop a robot, but it has a more limited aim: dispensing tiny droplets of growth medium for embryos to grow in. Its not good for the embryos if the drop size differs, says Williams. Creating the same drops over and over againthat is where the robot can shine. He calls it a low risk way to introduce automation to the lab.

One obstacle to automating conception is that so-called microfluidicsanother name for lab-on-a-chip technologyhasnt lived up to its hype.

Jeremy Thompson, an embryologist based in Adelaide, Australia, says hes spent his career figuring out how to make the lives of embryos better as they grow in laboratories. But until recently, he says, his tinkering with microfluidic systems yielded an unambiguous result: Bollocks. It didnt work. Thompson says IVF remains a manual process in part because no one wants to trust an embryoa potential personto a microdevice where it could get trapped or harmed by something as tiny as an air bubble.

A few years ago, though, Thompson saw images of a minuscule Eiffel Tower, just one millimeter tall. It had been made using a new type of additive 3D printing, in which light beams are aimed to harden liquid polymers. He decided this was the needed breakthrough, because it would let him build a box or a cage around an embryo.

Since then, a startup he founded, Fertilis, has raised a couple of million dollars to print what it calls see-through pods or micro-cradles. The idea is that once an egg is plopped into one, it can be handled more easily and connected to other devices, such as pumps to add solutions in minute quantities.

Inside one of Fertiliss pods, an egg sits in a chamber no larger than a bead of mist, but the container itself is large enough to pick up with small tongs. Fertilis has published papers showing it can flash-freeze eggs inside the cradles and fertilize them there, too, by pushing in a sperm with a needle.

A human egg is about 0.1 millimeters across, at the limit of what a human eye can see unaided. Right now, to move one, an embryologist will slurp it up into a hollow needle and squirt it out again. But Thompson says that once inside the companys cradles, eggs can be fertilized and grow into embryos, moving through the stations of a robotic lab as if on a conveyor belt. Our whole story is minimizing stress to embryos and eggs, he says.

Thompson hopes someday, when doctors collect eggs from a womans ovaries, theyll be deposited directly into a micro-cradle and, from there, be nannied by robots until theyre healthy embryos. Thats my vision, he says.https://wp.technologyreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/better-injection.mp4A video taken through a microscope shows a microneedle penetrating eggs held in 3D-printed pods, or cradles. An egg is about 0.1 mm across.

FERTILIS

MIT Technology Review found one company, AutoIVF, a spinout from a Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard University microfluidics lab, that has won more than $4 million in federal grants to develop such an egg-collecting system. It calls the technology OvaReady.

Egg collection happens after a patient is treated with fertility hormones. Then a doctor uses a vacuum-powered probe to hoover up eggs that have ripened in the ovaries. Since theyre floating in liquid debris and encased in protective tissue, an embryologist needs to manually find each one and denude it by gently cleaning it with a glass straw.

An AutoIVF executive, Emre Ozkumur, declined to discuss the projectthe company wants to stay under the radar a little bit longer, he saysbut its grant and patent documents suggest it is testing a device that can spot and isolate eggs and then automatically strip them of surrounding tissue, perhaps by swishing them through something that resembles a microscopic cheese grater.

Once an egg is in hand, doctors need to match it with a sperm cell. To help them pick the right one, Alejandro Chavez-Badiola, a fertility doctor based in Mexico, started a company, IVF 2.0, that developed software to rank and analyze sperm swimming in a dish. Its similar to computer-vision programs that track sports players as they run, collide, and switch directions on a pitch.

The job is to identify healthy sperm by assessing their shape and seeing how well they swim. Motility, says Chavez-Badiola, is the ultimate expression of sperm health and normality. While a person can only keep an eye on a few sperm at one time, a computer doesnt face that limit. We humans are good at channeling our attention to a single point. We can assess five or 10 sperm, but you cant do 50, says Chavez-Badiola.

His IVF clinic is running a head-to-head study of human- and computer-picked sperm, to see which lead to more babies. So far, the computer holds a small edge.

We dont claim its better than a human, but we do claim its just as good. And it never gets tired. A human has to be good at 8 a.m., after coffee, after having an argument on the phone, he says.

Chavez-Badiola says such software will be the brains to command future automated labs. This year, he sold the rights to use his sperm-tracking program to Conceivable Life Sciences, another IVF automation startup being formed in New York where Chavez-Badiola will act as chief product officer. Also joining the company is Jacques Cohen, a celebrated embryologist who once worked at the British clinic where the first IVF baby was born in 1978.https://wp.technologyreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/Conceivable-720.mp4A computer system developed by IVF 2.0 tracks and grades sperm as they swim, using image-recognition software.

CONCEIVABLE

Conceivable plans to create an autonomous robotic workstation that can fertilize eggs and cultivate embryos, and it hopes to demonstrate all the key steps this year. But Cohen allows that automation could take a while to become reality. It will happen step by step, he says. Even things that seem obvious take 10 years to catch on, and 20 to become routine.

The investors behind Conceivable think they can cash in by expanding the use of IVF. Its nearly certain that the IVF industry could grow to five or 10 times its current size. In the US, fewer than 2% of kids are born this way, but in Denmark, where the procedure is free and encouraged, the figure is near 10%.

That is the true demand, says Alan Murray, an entrepreneur with a background in software and co-working spaces who cofounded Conceivable with his business partner, Joshua Abram. The challenge is that these wonderful rich and eccentric countries can do it, but the rest of the world cannot. But they have demonstrated the true human need, he says. What they have done with money, we need to do with technology.

Murray estimates the average IVF baby in the US costs $83,000 if you include failed attempts, which are common. He says his companys objective is to lower the cost by 70%, something he says can happen if success rates increase.

But its not a given that robots will reduce the cost of IVF or that any savings will be passed on to patients. Rita Vassena, an advisor to Conceivable and CEO at Fecundis, a fertility science company, says the field has a history of introducing innovations without appreciably increasing pregnancy rates. The trend [is] toward piling up tests and technologies rather than a true effort to lower access barriers, she says.

Last fall, the researchers at Overture and doctors at New Hope published a description of their work with the robot, claiming that two patients had become pregnant. That was done after gaining ethics approval for the study, says John Zhang, founder of New Hope and senior author of the report.

Both those children have now been born, says Jenny Lu, the egg donation coordinator at New Hope. MIT Technology Review was able to speak to the father of one of the children.

Its wild, isnt it, said the father, who asked to remain anonymous. They said up until now it had always been done manually.

He said he and his partner had tried IVF several times before, without success. Both cases of robot injection involved donor eggs, which were provided to the patients for free (they can cost $15,000 otherwise). In each case, after being fertilized and grown into embryos, they were implanted in the uterus of the patient.

Donor eggs are most often used when a patient is older, in her 40s, and cant get pregnant otherwise.

Since automation wont directly solve the problem of aging eggs, an IVF lab-in-a-box wont fix this intractable reason that fertility treatments fail. However, automation could let doctors begin precisely measuring what they do, allowing them to fine-tune their procedures. Even a small increase in success rates could mean tens of thousands of extra babies every year.

Kathleen Miller, chief scientist of Innovation Fertility, a chain of clinics in the southern US, says her centers are now using computer-vision systems to study time-lapse videos of growing embryos and trying to see if any data explain why some become babies and others dont. Were putting it into models, and the question is Tell me something I dont know, she says.

Were going to see an evolution of what an embryologist is, Miller predicts. Right now, they are technicians, but theyre going to be data scientists.

For some proponents of IVF automation, an even wilder future awaits. By giving over conception to machines, automation could speed the introduction of still-controversial techniques such as genome editing, or advanced methods of creating eggs from stem cells.

Although Munn says Overture Life has no plans to modify the genetic makeup of children, he allows it would be a simple matter to use the sperm-injecting robot for that purpose, since it could dispense precise amounts of gene-editing chemicals into an egg. It should be very easy to add to the machine, he says.

Even more speculative technology is on the horizon. Fertility machines could gradually evolve into artificial wombs, with children gestated in scientific centers until birth. I do believe we are going to get there, says Thompson. There is credible evidence that what we thought was impossible is not so impossible.

Others imagine that robots could eventually be shot into outer space, stocked with eggs and sperm held in a glassy state of stasis. After a thousand-year journey to a distant planet, such machines might boot up and create a new society of humans.

Its all part of the goal of creating more people, and not just here on Earth. There are people thinking that humankind should be an interplanetary species, and human lifetimes are not going to be enough to reach out to these worlds, says Chavez-Badiola. Part of the job of a scientist is to keep dreaming.

More:
The first babies conceived with a sperm-injecting robot have been born - MIT Technology Review

Loss of autism-linked gene dampens social interactions in animals – Spectrum – Autism Research News

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Stranger danger: Unlike wildtype mice (top row), those lacking GIGYF1 (bottom row) avoid unfamiliar mice (right) in favor of those they know (left), position heat maps show.

Mice and zebrafish that lack the autism-linked gene GIGYF1 show atypical social behaviors, according to a new study. The findings tie variations in the gene to social traits in autistic people, the researchers say.

Among the genes strongly linked to autism, GIGYF1 ranks as the second most commonly mutated one in people with autism and related neurodevelopmental conditions. But little is known about the genes contribution to autism traits, says Bo Xiong, professor of forensic medicine at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in China. Initial findings point to a role in regulating social behavior: Deleting the gene blunts social memory in mice, through mechanisms thought to be mediated by impaired insulin signaling.

GIGYF1 is also implicated in other pathways including autophagy and mRNA regulation that are often altered in people with neurodevelopmental conditions, says Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele, professor of developmental psychiatry at Columbia University, who was not involved in the study. But it had not previously been rigorously studied for its impact on neurodevelopment and downstream behavior, he says.

Xiong and his colleagues combed sequencing data from SPARK, a project that aims to collect genetic and clinical information from 50,000 families that have at least one child with autism. (SPARK is funded by the Simons Foundation, Spectrums parent organization).

They identified seven new GIGYF1 mutations and pooled the data with 19 previously reported variants. Cross-referencing with clinical information revealed that 86 percent of people with GIGYF1 mutations have autism. A similar proportion have communication difficulties and social phobia, alongside sleep problems and delayed speech.

Zebrafish embryos edited via CRISPR to lack GIGYF1 develop more slowly than their wildtype counterparts, Xiong and his colleagues found. As adults, the fish are more anxious and less willing to socialize.

Zebrafish are typically highly sociable: They rarely swim alone, preferring to travel in clusters called shoals. When placed in a three-chambered enclosure with a fish at one end and an empty chamber at the other, wildtype fish will opt for company. But fish lacking GIGYF1 prefer solitude and appear anxious, frequently darting around the tank. Whats more, they form looser shoals, maintaining more distance between themselves and others.

Mice engineered to express just one copy of the GIGYF1 gene also display social deficits. When the researchers tested for social novelty a mouses inclination to investigate a stranger over those it already knows the mutant mice stayed near the familiar mouse. GIGYF1 deletion also triggered repetitive behaviors, one of the core traits of autism.

The study plays to the strengths of each model, says Julia Dallman, associate professor of biology at the University of Miami in Florida, who was not involved in the study. For example, delayed embryogenesis is easier to spot in zebrafish, which develop outside their mothers body, than in mice. These different models can provide complementary windows of insight into gene function, she says.

But the fish could be tweaked to better reflect the genetics of autism, says Dallman. The study used zebrafish lacking both copies of GIGYF1, but people with the condition have one mutated copy and one functional copy.

Disrupting both gene copies is a good way to understand the biological importance of GIGYF1 but does not model the human condition, Veenstra-VanderWeele agrees.

Mice missing a copy of the gene in only their excitatory neurons still showed repetitive behaviors and impairments in social novelty. Yet deleting a copy of GIGYF1 in only inhibitory neurons triggered a different set of traits, including heightened anxiety and poorer cognition, suggesting that GIGYF1 plays distinct roles in different cell types.

The findings were published 14 March in Biological Psychiatry.

Exactly how GIGYF1 variants cause changes in social behavior remains an open question. Right now, we only know a small piece of the whole picture. We still dont know the exact molecular mechanisms by which these mutations cause behavioral defects, Xiong says.

Initial findings hint at changes in neuronal communication. By screening for transcripts and proteins that bind to GIGYF1, the researchers identified hundreds of downstream targets, including several involved in synaptic transmission. They are now harnessing electrophysiology to see how GIGYF1 deletion in mice influences neuronal chatter.

Because GIGYF1s function appears to be conserved among animal models, it would be interesting to see whether similar effects are seen in organoids and stem cells, says Ctia Igreja, a researcher at the Max Planck Institute for Biology in Tbingen, Germany, who was not involved in the study. If so, scientists may be able to pinpoint the GIGYF1s molecular mechanisms and identify potential therapeutic interventions that alleviate GIGYF1 deficiency, she adds.

Cite this article: https://doi.org/10.53053/GPMX9020

Go here to read the rest:
Loss of autism-linked gene dampens social interactions in animals - Spectrum - Autism Research News

A burst of genomic innovation at the origin of placental mammals … – Nature.com

By Embryonic Stem Cells

Lynch, V. J. et al. Ancient transposable elements transformed the uterine regulatory landscape and transcriptome during the evolution of mammalian pregnancy. Cell Rep. 10, 551561 (2015).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Kin, K. et al. The transcriptomic evolution of mammalian pregnancy: gene expression innovations in endometrial stromal fibroblasts. Genome Biol. Evol. 8, 24592473 (2016).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Wagner, G. P. Evolutionary innovations and novelties: let us get down to business! Zool. Anz. 256, 7581 (2015).

Article Google Scholar

Hertel, J. et al. The expansion of the metazoan microRNA repertoire. BMC Genom. 7, 25 (2006).

Article Google Scholar

Prochnik, S. E., Rokhsar, D. S. & Aboobaker, A. A. Evidence for a microRNA expansion in the bilaterian ancestor. Dev. Genes Evol. 217, 7377 (2007).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Grimson, A. et al. The early origins of microRNAs and Piwi-interacting RNAs in animals. Nature 455, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07415 (2008).

Keniry, A. et al. The H19 lincRNA is a developmental reservoir of miR-675 which suppresses growth and Igf1r. Nat. Cell Biol. 14, 659665 (2012).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Munaut, C. et al. Dysregulated circulating miRNAs in preeclampsia. Biomed. Rep. 5, 686692 (2016).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Bastian, F. et al. MirGeneDB 2.0: the metazoan microRNA complement. Nucleic Acids Res. 48, 1 (2020).

Google Scholar

Bastian, F. et al. A uniform system for the annotation of vertebrate microRNA genes and the evolution of the human microRNAome. Annu. Rev. Genet. 49, 213242 (2015).

Article Google Scholar

Ito, M. et al. A trans-homologue interaction between reciprocally imprinted miR-127 and Rtl1 regulates placenta development. Development 142, 24252430 (2015).

CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Farrokhnia, F., Aplin, J. D., Westwood, M. & Forbes, K. MicroRNA regulation of mitogenic signaling networks in the human placenta. J. Biol. Chem. 289, 3040430416 (2014).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Luo, L. et al. MicroRNA-378a-5p promotes trophoblast cell survival, migration and invasion by targeting Nodal. J. Cell Sci. 125, 3124 LP3132 (2012).

Google Scholar

Morales-Prieto, D. M. et al. MicroRNA expression profiles of trophoblastic cells. Placenta 33, 725734 (2012).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Tochigi, H. et al. Loss of miR-542-3p enhances IGFBP-1 expression in decidualizing human endometrial stromal cells. Sci. Rep. 7, 40001 (2017).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Fu, G., Brki, J., Hayder, H. & Peng, C. MicroRNAs in human placental development and pregnancy complications. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 14, 55195544 (2013).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Harapan, H. & Andalas, M. The role of microRNAs in the proliferation, differentiation, invasion, and apoptosis of trophoblasts during the occurrence of preeclampsiaa systematic review. Tzu Chi Med. J. 27, 5464 (2015).

Article Google Scholar

Hosseini, M. K., Gunel, T., Gumusoglu, E., Benian, A. & Aydinli, K. MicroRNA expression profiling in placenta and maternal plasma in early pregnancy loss. Mol. Med. Rep. 17, 49414952 (2018).

CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Rahman, M. L. et al. Regulation of birthweight by placenta-derived miRNAs: evidence from an arsenic-exposed birth cohort in Bangladesh. Epigenetics 13, 573590 (2018).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

do Imperio, G. E. et al. Chorioamnionitis induces a specific signature of placental ABC transporters associated with an increase of miR-331-5p in the human preterm placenta. Cell. Physiol. Biochem. 45, 591604 (2018).

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Fallen, S. et al. Extracellular vesicle RNAs reflect placenta dysfunction and are a biomarker source for preterm labour. J. Cell. Mol. Med. 22, 27602773 (2018).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Suwen, C., Liping, S. & Guijiao, F. SP1-mediated long noncoding RNA POU3F3 accelerates the cervical cancer through miR-127-5p/FOXD1. Biomed. Pharmacother. 117, 109133 (2019).

Wang, D., Tang, L., Wu, H., Wang, K. & Gu, D. MiR-127-3p inhibits cell growth and invasiveness by targeting ITGA6 in human osteosarcoma. IUBMB Life 70, 411419 (2018).

Ferri, C. et al. MiR-423-5p prevents MALAT1-mediated proliferation and metastasis in prostate cancer. J. Exp. Clin. Cancer Res. 41, 20 (2022).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Liu, Q., Yan, S., Yuan, Y., Ji, S. & Guo, L. miR-28-5p improved carotid artery stenosis by regulating vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Vascular 30, 764770 (2021).

Sheng, C. et al. MiR-340 promotes the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting von HippelLindau tumor suppressor gene. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 77, 875884 (2021).

Kuang, M. J. et al. CircUSP45 inhibited osteogenesis in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of femoral head by sponging miR-127-5p through PTEN/AKT signal pathway: experimental studies. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 509, 255261 (2019).

Farre-Garros, R. et al. Quadriceps miR-542-3p and -5p are elevated in COPD and reduce function by inhibiting ribosomal and protein synthesis. J. Appl. Physiol. 126, 15141524 (2019).

Agarwal, V., Bell, G. W., Nam, J. W. & Bartel, D. P. Predicting effective microRNA target sites in mammalian mRNAs. Elife 4, 138 (2015).

Article Google Scholar

Esnault, C., Cornelis, G., Heidmann, O. & Heidmann, T. Differential evolutionary fate of an ancestral primate endogenous retrovirus envelope gene, the EnvV Syncytin, captured for a function in placentation. PLoS Genet. 9, e1003400 (2013).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Dunwell, T. L., Paps, J. & Holland, P. W. H. Novel and divergent genes in the evolution of placental mammals. Proc. Biol. Sci. 284, 20171357 (2017).

PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Than, N. G. et al. A primate subfamily of galectins expressed at the maternalfetal interface that promote immune cell death. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 106, 9731 LP9739736 (2009).

Article Google Scholar

Yates, A. et al. Ensembl 2016. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, D710D716 (2016).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Hauguel-de Mouzon, S. & Guerre-Millo, M. The placenta cytokine network and inflammatory signals. Placenta 27, 794798 (2006).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Woods, L., Perez-Garcia, V. & Hemberger, M. Regulation of placental development and its impact on fetal growthnew insights from mouse models. Front. Endocrinol. 9, 570 (2018).

Article Google Scholar

Gal, H. et al. Molecular pathways of senescence regulate placental structure and function. EMBO J. 38, e100849e100849 (2019).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Lynch, V. J., Leclerc, R. D., May, G. & Wagner, G. P. Transposon-mediated rewiring of gene regulatory networks contributed to the evolution of pregnancy in mammals. Nat. Genet. 43, 11541159 (2011).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Tian, X. et al. Evolution of telomere maintenance and tumour suppressor mechanisms across mammals. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci. 373, 20160443 (2018).

Article Google Scholar

McNab, B. K. An analysis of the factors that influence the level and scaling of mammalian BMR. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A 151, 528 (2008).

Article Google Scholar

Garratt, M., Gaillard, J.-M. J., Brooks, R. C. P., Lemaitre, J.-F. & Lematre, J.-F. Diversification of the eutherian placenta is associated with changes in the pace of life. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 77607765 (2013).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Welch, J. J., Bininda-Emonds, O. R. P. & Bromham, L. Correlates of substitution rate variation in mammalian protein-coding sequences. BMC Evol. Biol. 8, 53 (2008).

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Spencer, T. E. & Bazer, F. W. Temporal and spatial alterations in uterine estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor gene expression during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy in the Ewe1. Biol. Reprod. 53, 15271543 (1995).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Godkin, J. D., Bazer, F. W., Moffatt, J., Sessions, F. & Roberts, R. M. Purification and properties of a major, low molecular weight protein released by the trophoblast of sheep blastocysts at Day 1321. Reproduction 65, 141150 (1982).

Article CAS Google Scholar

Morgan, F. J. & Canfield, R. E. Nature of the subunits of human chorionic gonadotropin. Endocrinology 88, 10451053 (1971).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Tinning, H. et al. The role of CAPG in molecular communication between the embryo and the uterine endometrium: Is its function conserved in species with different implantation strategies? FASEB J. 34, 1101511029 (2020).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Forde, N. et al. Conceptus-induced changes in the endometrial transcriptome: how soon does the cow know she is pregnant?1. Biol. Reprod. 85, 144156 (2011).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Morgan, C. C. et al. Heterogeneous models place the root of the placental mammal phylogeny. Mol. Biol. Evol. 30, 21452156 (2013).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Tarver, J. E. et al. The interrelationships of placental mammals and the limits of phylogenetic inference. Genome Biol. Evol. 8, 330344 (2016).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. Basic local alignment search tool. J. Mol. Biol. 215, 403410 (1990).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Giribet, G. TNT: tree analysis using new technology. Syst. Biol. 54, 176178 (2005).

Article Google Scholar

Bartel, D. P. MicroRNA target recognition and regulatory functions. Cell 136, 215233 (2009).

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Mi, H., Muruganujan, A., Ebert, D., Huang, X. & Thomas, P. D. PANTHER version 14: more genomes, a new PANTHER GO-slim and improvements in enrichment analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res. 47, D419D426 (2019).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Fabregat, A. et al. The reactome pathway knowledgebase. Nucleic Acids Res. 44, D481D487 (2016).

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Anisimova, M. & Yang, Z. Multiple hypothesis testing to detect lineages under positive selection that affects only a few sites. Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 12191228 (2007).

See the original post:
A burst of genomic innovation at the origin of placental mammals ... - Nature.com

New Method To Cure HIV Yields Long-Term Successful Results – SciTechDaily

By Adult Stem Cells

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, which is the bodys natural defense against infections and diseases. HIV can be transmitted through certain bodily fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. If left untreated, HIV can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome), a condition where the immune system is severely compromised and unable to fight off infections and diseases.

Scientists report lasting success in a novel method to cure HIV that involves transplanting HIV-resistant stem cells from umbilical cord blood. The technique was effectively employed to treat the New York patient, a mixed-race, middle-aged woman with leukemia and HIV, who has been free of HIV in her blood since her 2017 transplant. Utilizing stem cells from cord blood, as opposed to compatible adult donors as done in previous cases, expands the possibility of curing HIV through stem cell transplantation for individuals of all racial backgrounds.

The complete findings were recently published in the journal Cell, with preliminary information on the case study presented in February 2022 at the 29th annual Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections.

The HIV epidemic is racially diverse, and its exceedingly rare for persons of color or diverse race to find a sufficiently matched, unrelated adult donor, says Yvonne Bryson of UCLA, who co-led the study with fellow pediatrician and infectious disease expert Deborah Persaud of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. Using cord blood cells broadens the opportunities for people of diverse ancestry who are living with HIV and require a transplant for other diseases to attain cures.

Nearly 38 million people around the world live with HIV, and antiviral treatments, while effective, must be taken for life. The Berlin patient was the first person to be cured of HIV in 2009, and since then, two other menthe London patient and Dsseldorf patienthave also been rid of the virus. All three received stem cell transplants as part of their cancer treatments, and in all cases, the donor cells came from compatible or matched adults carrying two copies of the CCR5-delta32 mutation, a natural mutation that confers resistance to HIV by preventing the virus from entering and infecting cells.

Only around 1% of white people are homozygous for the CCR5-delta32 mutation and it is even rarer in other populations. This rarity limits the potential to transplant stem cells carrying the beneficial mutation into patients of color because stem cell transplants usually require a strong match between donor and recipient.

Knowing it would be almost impossible to find the New York patient a compatible adult donor with the mutation, the team instead transplanted CCR5-delta32/32-carrying stem cells from banked umbilical cord blood to try to cure both her cancer and HIV simultaneously. The patient received her transplant in 2017 at Weill Cornell Medicine thanks to a team of transplant specialists led by Drs. Jingmei Hsu and Koen van Besien. Her case was part of the NIH-sponsored International Maternal Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials (IMPAACT) Network and was co-endorsed by the Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Network (ACTG).

The umbilical cord blood cells were infused alongside stem cells from one of the patients relatives to increase the procedures chance of success. With cord blood, you may not have as many cells, and it takes a little longer for them to populate the body after theyre infused, says Bryson. Using a mixture of stem cells from a matched relative of the patient and cells from cord blood gives the cord blood cells a kick start.

The transplant successfully put both the patients HIV and leukemia into remission, and this remission has now lasted more than four years. Thirty-seven months after the transplant, the patient was able to cease taking HIV antiviral medication. The doctors, who continue to monitor her, say she has now been HIV-negative for more than 30 months since stopping antiviral treatment (at the time that the study was written, it had only been 18 months).

Stem cell transplants with CCR5-delta32/32 cells offer a two-for-one cure for people living with HIV and blood cancers, says Persaud. However, because of the invasiveness of the procedure, stem cell transplants (both with and without the mutation) are only considered for people who need a transplant for other reasons, and not for curing HIV in isolation; before a patient can undergo a stem cell transplant, they need to undergo chemotherapy or radiation therapy to destroy their existing immune system.

This study is pointing to the really important role of having CCR5-delta32/32 cells as part of stem cell transplants for HIV patients, because all of the successful cures so far have been with this mutated cell population, and studies that transplanted new stem cells without this mutation have failed to cure HIV, says Persaud. If youre going to perform a transplant as a cancer treatment for someone with HIV, your priority should be to look for cells that are CCR5-delta32/32 because then you can potentially achieve remission for both their cancer and HIV.

The authors emphasize that more effort needs to go into screening stem cell donors and donations for the CCR5-delta32 mutation. With our protocol, we identified 300 cord blood units with this mutation so that if someone with HIV needed a transplant tomorrow, they would be available, says Bryson, but something needs to be done [on] an ongoing basis to search for these mutations, and support will be needed from communities and governments.

Reference: HIV-1 remission and possible cure in a woman after haplo-cord blood transplant by Jingmei Hsu, Koen Van Besien, Marshall J. Glesby, Savita Pahwa, Anne Coletti, Meredith G. Warshaw, Lawrence D. Petz, Theodore B. Moore, Ya Hui Chen, Suresh Pallikkuth, Adit Dhummakupt, Ruth Cortado, Amanda Golner, Frederic Bone, Maria Baldo, Marcie Riches, John W. Mellors, Nicole H. Tobin, Renee Browning, Deborah Persaud and Dwight Yin, 16 March 2023, Cell.DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.02.030

The study was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, the AIDS Clinical Trials Group, the Weill Cornell Medicine-New Jersey Medical School Clinical Trials Unit, the PAVE Collaboratory, the Johns Hopkins CFAR, the IMPAACT Center subspecialty laboratory, the Miami CFAR at the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and the ACTG and IMPAACT Networks.

More:
New Method To Cure HIV Yields Long-Term Successful Results - SciTechDaily

Stem Cell Assay Market Segmentation by Product Type Active … – Digital Journal

By Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are basic form of biological cells, which can differentiate into other types of cells and can produce more of the same type of stem cells. There are two types of stem cells, which include embryonic stem cells, and adult stem cells. These cells are present in areas in the body such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, and blood. Stem cells are also taken from umbilical cord blood. The stem cell population in the body is maintained through two processes, which include obligatory asymmetric replication and stochastic differentiation.

[140+ Pages Research Study] Coherent Market Insight has released a new research study titled Stem Cell Assay market is growing rapidly, which signifies a strong interest in Stem Cell Assay research as we enter 2023.

Todays business leaders face an endless stream of decisions around target markets, pricing, promotion, distribution channels, and product features and benefits. They must account for all the factors involved, and there are market research studies and methodologies strategically designed to capture meaningful data to inform every choice.

Get a Sample PDF of This Report: https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-sample/1632

Note Updated Version 2023 is available

(The sample of this report is readily available on request. The report sample contains a brief introduction to the research report, a Table of Contents, a Graphical introduction of regional analysis, Top players in the market with their revenue analysis, and our research methodology.)

Our Sample Report May Includes:

2030 Updated Report Introduction, Overview, and In-depth industry analysis. 100+ Pages Research Report (Inclusion of Updated Research). Provide Chapter-wise guidance on Requests. 2023 Updated Regional Analysis with Graphical Representation of Size, Share & Trends Includes Updated List of tables & figures. Updated Report Includes Top Market Players with their Business Strategy, Sales Volume, and Revenue Analysis.

Competitive Landscape:

The given section on the global Stem Cell Assay market will include an extensive examination of the various players in this industry, their respective company overviews, an analysis of existing product portfolios, financials, etc. We even include a supply-chain analysis, a PEST analysis, market probability scenarios, Porters Five Forces analysis, and other related frameworks that are meant to aid in the expansion of your reputed organization. The specific application of these given findings allows all our clients to apply essential yet accurate data when formulating the most-suitable business strategies with the aim of improving their business footprint in this global industry.

Top Key Players:

Merck & Co., Thermo Fisher Scientific, GE Healthcare, Agilent Technologies, Bio-Rad Laboratories, Promega Corporation, Cell Biolabs, PerkinElmer, Miltenyi Biotec, HemoGenix, Bio-Techne Corporation, STEMCELL Technologies, and Cellular Dynamics International.

This report also splits the market by region:

Americas, United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, APAC, China, Japan, Korea, Southeast Asia, India, Australia, Europe, Germany, France, UK, Italy, Russia, Spain, Middle East and Africa, Egypt, South Africa, Israel, Turkey, GCC Countries

Request For Customization of Research Report @ https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/request-customization/1632

Research Methodology:

Highlights the following Key Factors:

Purchase This Premium Research Report : https://www.coherentmarketinsights.com/insight/buy-now/1632

Purchasing the Stem Cell Assay Market for the Following Reasons:

The study examines emerging market trends as well as the likelihood that various trends will impact expansion.The analysis also discusses the factors, challenges, and opportunities that will have a significant impact on the global Stem Cell Assay industry. Technological tools and benchmarks that reflect the industrys projected growth of the Stem Cell Assay industry. The research includes a detailed analysis of market statistics as well as historical and current growth conditions in order to provide futuristic growth estimates.The research includes a detailed analysis of market statistics as well as historical and current growth conditions in order to provide futuristic growth estimates.

Why Choose Coherent Market Insights?

Identified business opportunities Our market research report can be used to analyze potential markets and new products. It can give information about customer needs, preferences, and attitudes. Also, it compare products and services.

A clear understanding of your customers A market report gives companys marketing department an in-depth picture about customers needs and wants. This knowledge can be used to improve products, prices, and advertising.

Clear data-driven insights Our Market research encompasses a wide range of activities, from determining market size and segment to forecasting demand, and from identifying competitors to monitoring pricing. All of these are quantified and measurable which means that gives you a clear path for building unique decisions based on numbers.

Explore More Related Insights:

rHu Albumin Market

Next Generation Sequencing Market

Pneumococcal Vaccines Market

Cell Cryopreservation Market

:

Mr. Shah

Coherent Market Insights Pvt Ltd,533 Airport Boulevard, Suite 400,Burlingame, CA 94010, United StatesEmail: [emailprotected]United States of America: +1-206-701-6702United Kingdom: +44-020-8133-4027Japan: +050-5539-1737India: +91-848-285-0837

View post:
Stem Cell Assay Market Segmentation by Product Type Active ... - Digital Journal

Stimulating Adult Nerve-Cell Birth Could Inspire a New Approach to … – Brain & Behavior Research Foundation |

By Adult Stem Cells

Researchers led by a BBRF grantee have made important discoveries in mice that have the potential to lead to completely new ways of attempting to treat and even reverse the symptoms of Alzheimers disease.

Alzheimers is associated with the formation in the brain of what scientists call amyloid-beta plaques as well as neurofibrillary tanglesabnormal accumulations of a protein called tau that collect inside neurons. Inflammation of brain tissue as well as neurodegeneration are also linked with Alzheimers.Drugs designed to prevent or reduce disease-related plaques and tangles have so far yielded less-then-robust results in Alzheimers patients, meaning the intense search continues for related or alternative strategies for fighting back the diseases devastating impacts on memory and mood. It is thought that about 7 million U.S. adults 65 and over currently suffer from Alzheimers.

In the journal Cell Stem Cell, Juan Song, Ph.D., a 2013 BBRF Young Investigator at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, and colleagues including first author Ya-Dong Li, Ph.D., a 2020 BBRF Young Investigator, published results of research using two strains of genetically modified mice that model the progression of Alzheimers disease in humans. Like people, the mice develop plaques and tangles in the brain, and display behavioral impacts including memory impairment and depression- and anxiety-like behaviors.

The team was focused, as it had been in prior studies, on processes involving the brains hippocampusa center for memory and learning. Specifically, they were interested in a process called adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN). In a part of the hippocampus called the dentate gyrus, neural stem cells give rise to new neuronsnot only early in life, but throughout adulthood and into old age, as extensive research has revealed. This is true in both mice and people.

Prior research in rodents has established that AHN declines markedly as Alzheimers disease progresses, and that this is correlated with both memory performance and emotional states. Knowing, this, Drs. Song, Li and colleagues asked whether AHN can be enhanced in otherwise impaired Alzheimers disease brains, and exploited for therapeutic purposesin effect, restoring hippocampal function lost due to declines in new neuron birth.

Recently, the team reported research on the brains hypothalamus, which helps regulate the body via the autonomic nervous system and hormone management. The subregion of the hypothalamus the team studied, called the supramammillary nucleus (SuM), sends many neuronal projections to the dentate gyrus area of the hippocampus, where adult neuron generation occurs. The team demonstrated that the SuM is highly responsive to stimuli that promote neurogenesis. Indeed, they showed that activation of neurons in the SuM is required in order for certain kinds of environmental stimulation to promote the birth of new adult neurons in the hippocampus.

The new study asked the exciting and previously untested question: could artificial stimulation of the SuM stimulate the birth of new adult neurons in the hippocampus; and would that help therapeutically modify known Alzheimers pathologies?

Their new paper reports that this strategy works in two mouse models of Alzheimers. The experiment involved two distinct steps. First, the team used optogenetics to stimulate the SuM in the mice. Optogenetics enables researchers to activate specific neurons or sets of them by shining color-specific laser light into the mouse brain, via threadlike fibers that dont impair the movement or activities of the mouse-subjects.

Sophisticated labeling enabled the team to identify new adult-born neurons in the hippocampus of the same mice that had received SuM stimulation. Then, they used a technology called chemogenetics to activate a small number of these SuM-enhanced new neurons in the hippocampus. This second step resulted in the reversal of memory deficits and reduction of anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in the mice modeling human Alzheimers.

Chemogenetics is an important technology pioneered by a colleague of Drs. Song and Li at the University of North Carolina, Bryan L. Roth, M.D., Ph.D., a three-time BBRF grantee and member of the BBRF Scientific Council. Like optogenetics, chemogenetics enables researchers to activate specific neurons, but instead of using light to do so, it uses chemically engineered receptors and molecules that engage with these receptors.

Additional analysis revealed to the team that their two-step experiment resulted in the activation of pathways in the hippocampus known to be involved in synaptic plasticitythe ability of connections between neurons to change in strength. The experiments were also shown to affect processes involving immune cells called microglia that help to reduce plaques in the brain.

It was striking that the multi-step enhancement of such a small number of adult-born new neurons made such a profound functional impact in the animals diseased brains, Dr. Song commented. We were also surprised to find that activation of SuM-enhanced neurons promoted the process that can potentially remove plaques like those seen in human Alzheimers.

Now the team will work on developing potential therapeutics that mimic the actions generated by optogenetics and chemogenetics in their rodent experiments. They hope to develop drugs that could exert therapeutic effects in patients with low or no hippocampal neurogenesis, Dr. Song said. Ultimately, the hope is to develop first-in-class, highly targeted therapies to treat Alzheimers and related dementia.

See the rest here:
Stimulating Adult Nerve-Cell Birth Could Inspire a New Approach to ... - Brain & Behavior Research Foundation |

Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Biotech’s Impact on Health – Digital Journal

By Adult Stem Cells

PRESS RELEASE

Published April 27, 2023

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various types of specialized cells in the body. They can self-renew and regenerate, making them unique and critical for developing, growing, and repairing tissues and organs in the body. Regenerative medicine is a field of biotechnology that utilizes the properties of stem cells to restore, replace, or regenerate damaged or lost tissues and organs in the body.

Biotechnology plays a significant role in advancing healthcare, particularly in regenerative medicine. Biotech has enabled scientists to isolate and manipulate stem cells, develop innovative therapies, and create new technologies for tissue engineering, gene editing, and cell-based therapies. These advancements can revolutionize healthcare by providing new treatments for previously untreatable diseases and conditions.

The impact of stem cells and regenerative medicine on health has been significant. Stem cell therapies have shown promising results in treating various conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, autoimmune diseases, and tissue injuries. Regenerative medicine approaches, such as tissue engineering and organ transplantation using stem cells, can address the shortage of organs for transplantation and improve outcomes for patients with organ failure. Additionally, stem cells are used in research to study disease mechanisms, drug discovery, and personalized medicine.

Furthermore, stem cells and regenerative medicine can potentially change the way healthcare is delivered, shifting from traditional symptomatic treatment to a regenerative approach that aims to restore the function of damaged tissues and organs. This could result in longer-term and more effective treatments with fewer side effects, leading to improved quality of life for patients.

Stem cells and regenerative medicine are promising in advancing healthcare and addressing unmet medical needs. Continued research and development in biotechnology and regenerative medicine have the potential to revolutionize healthcare and significantly impact human health and well-being.

Lets explore some of the biotechs impact on health thanks to stem cells and regenerative medicine.

The Basics Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are special cells that can develop into different types of cells in our body. There are three main types of stem cells:

Embryonic stem cells

These stem cells come from very early-stage embryos and can develop into any type of cell in the body. They can be used in regenerative medicine to repair or replace damaged tissues or organs.

Adult stem cells

These stem cells are found in various tissues and organs of our body, such as bone marrow, skin, and muscles. They have a more limited ability to develop into specific cell types and are mainly responsible for repairing damaged tissues in the body.

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)

These stem cells are created by reprogramming adult cells, such as skin cells, to have properties similar to embryonic stem cells. Like embryonic stem cells, iPSCs have the potential to develop into different cell types and can be used in regenerative medicine.

Stem cells possess three important properties:

The potential applications of stem cells in regenerative medicine are vast and include the treatment of various diseases and conditions, such as heart disease, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and tissue damage caused by injuries or trauma. Stem cells hold great promise in advancing the field of medicine and improving human health by offering new ways to repair, replace, or regenerate damaged tissues and organs. However, further research and ethical considerations are important in harnessing the full potential of stem cells for therapeutic purposes.

What is Regenerative Medicine?

Regenerative medicine is a field of medicine that focuses on repairing, replacing, or regenerating damaged or diseased tissues or organs in the body. It utilizes techniques such as stem cell therapy, tissue engineering, and gene editing to restore normal function to tissues or organs that have been damaged by injury, disease, or aging.

Regenerative medicine stimulates the bodys natural healing processes and promotes tissue regeneration to restore healthy structure and function. It holds promise for treating a wide range of conditions, from chronic diseases to traumatic injuries, and can revolutionize medical treatments by providing innovative solutions for repairing and replacing damaged tissues or organs in the body.

The Importance of Regenerative Medicine

Regenerative medicine holds significant importance in several areas of healthcare and medical research due to its potential benefits, including:

Regenerative medicine has the potential to revolutionize healthcare by offering new treatment options, improving patient outcomes, reducing healthcare costs, and advancing scientific knowledge, making it a field of significant importance in the medical community.

Conclusion

The field of stem cells and regenerative medicine has the potential to significantly impact health and healthcare. With the ability to repair, replace, or regenerate damaged tissues and organs, regenerative medicine offers new treatment options for conditions that currently have limited or no cure. By leveraging the properties and characteristics of different types of stem cells, regenerative medicine holds promise for addressing various diseases, injuries, and degenerative conditions that affect human health.

The importance of biotechnology in advancing regenerative medicine cannot be overstated. Advances in stem cell research, tissue engineering, and gene editing techniques have paved the way for innovative approaches in regenerative medicine, with the potential to revolutionize medical treatments and improve patient outcomes. Additionally, regenerative medicine has the potential to reduce the need for invasive procedures, offer personalized and targeted treatments, advance scientific knowledge, and stimulate economic growth.

FAQ

Which stem cell types are suitable for use in regenerative medicine?

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which can be readily extracted from adipose tissue and grown in vitro, have emerged as a promising target for tissue regeneration. These cells have frequently been used in human therapeutic trials as well as cell transplantation in animals.

How do stem cells contribute to the regeneration process?

Because they can differentiate into a variety of different cell types and replicate themselves millions of times, stem cells serve a crucial role in regeneration that more specialized cells like nerve cells cannot.

See the rest here:
Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine: Biotech's Impact on Health - Digital Journal

Regeneration of the heart: from molecular mechanisms to clinical … – Military Medical Research

By Adult Stem Cells

Zhang Y, Lin C, Liu M, Zhang W, Xun X, Wu J, et al. Burden and trend of cardiovascular diseases among people under 20 years in China, Western Pacific region, and the world: an analysis of the global burden of disease study in 2019. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1067072.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Virani SS, Alonso A, Aparicio HJ, Benjamin EJ, Bittencourt MS, Callaway CW, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2021 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021;143(8):e254743.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Pflanz S, Sonnek S. Work stress in the military: prevalence, causes, and relationship to emotional health. Mil Med. 2002;167(11):87782.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Bustamante-Snchez , Tornero-Aguilera JF, Fernndez-Elas VE, Hormeo-Holgado AJ, Dalamitros AA, Clemente-Surez VJ. Effect of stress on autonomic and cardiovascular systems in military population: a systematic review. Cardiol Res Pract. 2020;2020:7986249.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Steptoe A, Kivimki M. Stress and cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2012;9(6):36070.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Grsz A, Tth E, Pter I. A 10-year follow-up of ischemic heart disease risk factors in military pilots. Mil Med. 2007;172(2):2149.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Heidenreich PA, Sahay A, Kapoor JR, Pham MX, Massie B. Divergent trends in survival and readmission following a hospitalization for heart failure in the Veterans Affairs health care system 2002 to 2006. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(5):3628.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Mamas MA, Sperrin M, Watson MC, Coutts A, Wilde K, Burton C, et al. Do patients have worse outcomes in heart failure than in cancer? A primary care-based cohort study with 10-year follow-up in Scotland. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(9):1095104.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Benjamin EJ, Blaha MJ, Chiuve SE, Cushman M, Das SR, Deo R, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics-2017 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2017;135(10):e146603.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Lawson CA, Zaccardi F, Squire I, Ling S, Davies MJ, Lam CSP, et al. 20-year trends in cause-specific heart failure outcomes by sex, socioeconomic status, and place of diagnosis: a population-based study. Lancet Public Health. 2019;4(8):e40620.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Bergmann O, Bhardwaj RD, Bernard S, Zdunek S, Barnab-Heider F, Walsh S, et al. Evidence for cardiomyocyte renewal in humans. Science. 2009;324(5923):98102.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Tenreiro MF, Louro AF, Alves PM, Serra M. Next generation of heart regenerative therapies: progress and promise of cardiac tissue engineering. NPJ Regen Med. 2021;6(1):30.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Curfman G. Stem cell therapy for heart failure: an unfulfilled promise? JAMA. 2019;321(12):11867.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Zhang J, Bolli R, Garry DJ, Marbn E, Menasch P, Zimmermann WH, et al. Basic and translational research in cardiac repair and regeneration: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;78(21):2092105.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Plackett B. Cells or drugs? The race to regenerate the heart. Nature. 2021;594(7862):S167.

Article CAS Google Scholar

Tehzeeb J, Manzoor A, Ahmed MM. Is stem cell therapy an answer to heart failure: a literature search. Cureus. 2019;11(10):e5959.

PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Poss KD, Wilson LG, Keating MT. Heart regeneration in zebrafish. Science. 2002;298(5601):218890.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Raya A, Koth CM, Bscher D, Kawakami Y, Itoh T, Raya RM, et al. Activation of Notch signaling pathway precedes heart regeneration in zebrafish. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):1188995.

Mnch J, Grivas D, Gonzlez-Rajal , Torregrosa-Carrin R, de la Pompa JL. Notch signalling restricts inflammation and serpine1 expression in the dynamic endocardium of the regenerating zebrafish heart. Development. 2017;144(8):142540.

PubMed Google Scholar

Zhao L, Ben-Yair R, Burns CE, Burns CG. Endocardial Notch signaling promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation in the regenerating zebrafish heart through Wnt pathway antagonism. Cell Rep. 2019;26(3):546-54.e5.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Wang J, Karra R, Dickson AL, Poss KD. Fibronectin is deposited by injury-activated epicardial cells and is necessary for zebrafish heart regeneration. Dev Biol. 2013;382(2):42735.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Kikuchi K, Holdway JE, Major RJ, Blum N, Dahn RD, Begemann G, et al. Retinoic acid production by endocardium and epicardium is an injury response essential for zebrafish heart regeneration. Dev Cell. 2011;20(3):397404.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Bednarek D, Gonzlez-Rosa JM, Guzmn-Martnez G, Gutirrez-Gutirrez , Aguado T, Snchez-Ferrer C, et al. Telomerase is essential for zebrafish heart regeneration. Cell Rep. 2015;12(10):1691703.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Gemberling M, Karra R, Dickson AL, Poss KD. Nrg1 is an injury-induced cardiomyocyte mitogen for the endogenous heart regeneration program in zebrafish. Elife. 2015;4:e05871.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Zhao L, Borikova AL, Ben-Yair R, Guner-Ataman B, Macrae CA, Lee RT, et al. Notch signaling regulates cardiomyocyte proliferation during zebrafish heart regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2014;111(4):14038.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Pfefferli C, Jawiska A. The careg element reveals a common regulation of regeneration in the zebrafish myocardium and fin. Nat Commun. 2017;8:15151.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Gupta V, Poss KD. Clonally dominant cardiomyocytes direct heart morphogenesis. Nature. 2012;484(7395):47984.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Cui M, Atmanli A, Morales MG, Tan W, Chen K, Xiao X, et al. Nrf1 promotes heart regeneration and repair by regulating proteostasis and redox balance. Nat Commun. 2021;12(1):5270.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Kachanova O, Lobov A, Malashicheva A. The role of the Notch signaling pathway in recovery of cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;23(20):12509.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Ma J, Gu Y, Liu J, Song J, Zhou T, Jiang M, et al. Functional screening of congenital heart disease risk loci identifies 5 genes essential for heart development in zebrafish. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2022;80(1):19.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Heallen T, Morikawa Y, Leach J, Tao G, Willerson JT, Johnson RL, et al. Hippo signaling impedes adult heart regeneration. Development. 2013;140(23):468390.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Leach JP, Heallen T, Zhang M, Rahmani M, Morikawa Y, Hill MC, et al. Hippo pathway deficiency reverses systolic heart failure after infarction. Nature. 2017;550(7675):2604.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Aharonov A, Shakked A, Umansky KB, Savidor A, Genzelinakh A, Kain D, et al. ERBB2 drives YAP activation and EMT-like processes during cardiac regeneration. Nat Cell Biol. 2020;22(11):134656.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Fernndez-Ruiz I. ERBB2-YAP crosstalk mediates cardiac regeneration in mice. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(1):4.

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Xin M, Kim Y, Sutherland LB, Murakami M, Qi X, Mcanally J, et al. Hippo pathway effector Yap promotes cardiac regeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(34):1383944.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Lin Z, von Gise A, Zhou P, Gu F, Ma Q, Jiang J, et al. Cardiac-specific YAP activation improves cardiac function and survival in an experimental murine MI model. Circ Res. 2014;115(3):35463.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Eulalio A, Mano M, Dal Ferro M, Zentilin L, Sinagra G, Zacchigna S, et al. Functional screening identifies miRNAs inducing cardiac regeneration. Nature. 2012;492(7429):37681.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Lesizza P, Prosdocimo G, Martinelli V, Sinagra G, Zacchigna S, Giacca M. Single-dose intracardiac injection of pro-regenerative microRNAs improves cardiac function after myocardial infarction. Circ Res. 2017;120(8):1298304.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Gabisonia K, Prosdocimo G, Aquaro GD, Carlucci L, Zentilin L, Secco I, et al. MicroRNA therapy stimulates uncontrolled cardiac repair after myocardial infarction in pigs. Nature. 2019;569(7756):41822.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Tao Y, Zhang H, Huang S, Pei L, Feng M, Zhao X, et al. miR-199a-3p promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation by inhibiting Cd151 expression. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2019;516(1):2836.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Li Z, Song Y, Liu L, Hou N, An X, Zhan D, et al. miR-199a impairs autophagy and induces cardiac hypertrophy through mTOR activation. Cell Death Differ. 2017;24(7):120513.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Hashemi Gheinani A, Burkhard FC, Rehrauer H, Aquino Fournier C, Monastyrskaya K. microRNA miR-199a-5p regulates smooth muscle cell proliferation and morphology by targeting WNT2 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(11):706786.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Huang W, Feng Y, Liang J, Yu H, Wang C, Wang B, et al. Loss of microRNA-128 promotes cardiomyocyte proliferation and heart regeneration. Nat Commun. 2018;9(1):700.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Porrello ER, Mahmoud AI, Simpson E, Johnson BA, Grinsfelder D, Canseco D, et al. Regulation of neonatal and adult mammalian heart regeneration by the miR-15 family. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(1):18792.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Valussi M, Besser J, Wystub-Lis K, Zukunft S, Richter M, Kubin T, et al. Repression of Osmr and Fgfr1 by miR-1/133a prevents cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and cell cycle entry in the adult heart. Sci Adv. 2021;7(42):eabi6648.

Huang S, Li X, Zheng H, Si X, Li B, Wei G, et al. Loss of super-enhancer-regulated circRNA Nfix induces cardiac regeneration after myocardial infarction in adult mice. Circulation. 2019;139(25):285776.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Wang X, Ha T, Liu L, Hu Y, Kao R, Kalbfleisch J, et al. TLR3 mediates repair and regeneration of damaged neonatal heart through glycolysis dependent YAP1 regulated miR-152 expression. Cell Death Differ. 2018;25(5):96682.

Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Yang YS, Liu MH, Yan ZW, Chen GQ, Huang Y. FAM122A is required for mesendodermal and cardiac differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Stem cells. 2023;sxad008. https://doi.org/10.1093/stmcls/sxad008.

Rigaud VOC, Hoy RC, Kurian J, Zarka C, Behanan M, Brosious I, et al. RNA-binding protein LIN28a regulates new myocyte formation in the heart through long noncoding RNA-H19. Circulation. 2023;147(4):32437.

Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar

Ye Z, Su Z, Xie S, Liu Y, Wang Y, Xu X, et al. Yap-lin28a axis targets let7-Wnt pathway to restore progenitors for initiating regeneration. Elife. 2020;9:e55771.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Gamba L, Amin-Javaheri A, Kim J, Warburton D, Lien CL. Collagenolytic activity is associated with scar resolution in zebrafish hearts after cryoinjury. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2017;4(1):2.

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Beauchemin M, Smith A, Yin VP. Dynamic microRNA-101a and Fosab expression controls zebrafish heart regeneration. Development. 2015;142(23):402637.

Read this article:
Regeneration of the heart: from molecular mechanisms to clinical ... - Military Medical Research

WUR animal scientists turn to organoids to study swine nutrition – National Hog Farmer

By Adult Stem Cells

An organoid is a tiny, simplified version of an organ derived from stem cells. They replicate much of the complexity of an organ and have become known from human research. Wageningen University andResearch is growing, for example, mini-guts from pigs and fish and mini-airways from cows and pigs to study animal nutrition and health. Animal scientists Soumya Kar and Esther Ellen answer five questions about their latest developments and future work.

1. In animal research, organoids are something new, aren't they?

"Yes, within WUR we started developing organoids from pigs. Now we are still one of the pioneers in this particular field," Kar said. "There are very few labs in the world that are currently working on the same thing. But, of course, much more research has been done on human organoids. This started around 2010 at the Hubrecht Institute. After a decade, these organoids have already achieved a lot in nutritional and pharmaceutical research and they are also pretty instrumental in diagnostics and even clinical treatment. So the human field is years ahead of what we're doing in livestock. I think we're just getting started."

2. Why do we need these miniature organs in livestock research?

"We see organoids as a good tool to replace animal experiments. They help to answer research questions in animal breeding and animal nutrition," Ellen said. "For instance, why some pigs use feed more efficiently than other pigs. This is a quite complex trait of an animal. Organoid research can help us identify differences between individual animals. Our organoids are also useful to test specific ingredients of animal feed. In the future they might also be valuable for questions on animal health and pharmaceutics."

"So we use pigs with different genes for our organoids," Kar said. "Let's say we have pigs with genes providing a high feed efficiency and other pigs with genes for a low efficiency. Then we derive organoids from their intestinal stem cells and try to understand the differences in their functioning."

"If we are able to use organoids to understand complex traits, then we can also use them as a tool for selecting animals more specifically for new traits, without increasing the number of animal experiments. For example, traits like nutrient utilization and manure production. That's what we would like to achieve," said Ellen.

3. Do you think it will make a big difference in the number of animal experiments?

"I think organoids will play a crucial role in the search for alternatives for animal testing. That's our moral responsibility as animal researchers," Kar said. "Theoretically, many organoids from different tissues can be obtained from a single animal. This will help reduce the use of animals in experiments. However, we can't completely get rid of all animal experiments because organoids are still different from whole animals. But by using organoids some animal experiments aren't necessary anymore."

4. Can other researchers already knock on your lab's door if they want to collaborate?

"Yes, we are very open for collaboration and think that this is important to further explore this emerging field in human and animal sciences," Ellen said. "Researchers are very enthusiastic about our organoids, so we're continuing our pioneering work."

5. What are your next steps as organoid developers?

"There are still so many questions that need to be solved in order to make our system more reproducible and overcome practical issues," Kar said. "We are also working on other improvements. An organoid now contains one type of cell, because we start with adult stem cells. They are programmed to proliferate and differentiate into their own lineages. Thats why blood vessels, neurons and immune cells are not yet part of the organoid. In the coming years we intend to study mixing and matching different cell lineages, for example an epithelial layer (intestinal cells in contact with food) with the immune cells. A system like this can be used to understand host-microbe interactions or diet-host interactions."

More here:
WUR animal scientists turn to organoids to study swine nutrition - National Hog Farmer

→←