Stem Cell Clinic

Researchers Generate New Neurons in Brains, Spinal Cords of Living Adult Mammals Without the Need of Stem Cell …

By Stem Cell Medical Center

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Newswise DALLAS, Feb. 25, 2014 UTSouthwestern Medical Center researchers created new nerve cells in the brains and spinal cords of living mammals without the need for stem cell transplants to replenish lost cells.

Although the research indicates it may someday be possible to regenerate neurons from the bodys own cells to repair traumatic brain injury or spinal cord damage or to treat conditions such as Alzheimers disease, the researchers stressed that it is too soon to know whether the neurons created in these initial studies resulted in any functional improvements, a goal for future research.

Spinal cord injuries can lead to an irreversible loss of neurons, and along with scarring, can ultimately lead to impaired motor and sensory functions. Scientists are hopeful that regenerating cells can be an avenue to repair damage, but adult spinal cords have limited ability to produce new neurons. Biomedical scientists have transplanted stem cells to replace neurons, but have faced other hurdles, underscoring the need for new methods of replenishing lost cells.

Scientists in UTSouthwesterns Department of Molecular Biology first successfully turned astrocytes the most common non-neuronal brain cells into neurons that formed networks in mice. They now successfully turned scar-forming astrocytes in the spinal cords of adult mice into neurons. The latest findings are published today in Nature Communications and follow previous findings published in Nature Cell Biology.

Our earlier work was the first to clearly show in vivo (in a living animal) that mature astrocytes can be reprogrammed to become functional neurons without the need of cell transplantation. The current study did something similar in the spine, turning scar-forming astrocytes into progenitor cells called neuroblasts that regenerated into neurons, said Dr. Chun-Li Zhang, assistant professor of molecular biology at UTSouthwestern and senior author of both studies.

Astrocytes are abundant and widely distributed both in the brain and in the spinal cord. In response to injury, these cells proliferate and contribute to scar formation. Once a scar has formed, it seals the injured area and creates a mechanical and biochemical barrier to neural regeneration, Dr. Zhang explained. Our results indicate that the astrocytes may be ideal targets for in vivo reprogramming.

The scientists' two-step approach first introduces a biological substance that regulates the expression of genes, called a transcription factor, into areas of the brain or spinal cord where that factor is not highly expressed in adult mice. Of 12 transcription factors tested, only SOX2 switched fully differentiated, adult astrocytes to an earlier neuronal precursor, or neuroblast, stage of development, Dr. Zhang said.

In the second step, the researchers gave the mice a drug called valproic acid (VPA) that encouraged the survival of the neuroblasts and their maturation (differentiation) into neurons. VPA has been used to treat epilepsy for more than half a century and also is prescribed to treat bipolar disorder and to prevent migraine headaches, he said.

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Researchers Generate New Neurons in Brains, Spinal Cords of Living Adult Mammals Without the Need of Stem Cell ...

Kerry Simon finishes second round of stem-cell treatments, finalizes plans for MSA benefit Thursday

By Stem Cell Clinic

Cashman Photography

Kerry Simon and Sammy Hagar celebrate the second anniversary of KGB (Kerrys Gourmet Burgers) in Harrahs on Saturday, June 2,2012.

By Robin Leach (contact)

Monday, Feb. 24, 2014 | 4:07 p.m.

Iron Chef America winner Kerry Simon wrapped up his second round of stem-cell transplants Sunday at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minn., and returns here today to put the final touches on his Fight MSA fundraiser Thursday at our downtown Keep Memory Alive event center at the Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health.

Chef Kerry is courageously battling Multiple System Atrophy, for which there is no treatment or cure. My colleague John Katsilometes story of Kerrys bravery was posted early Sunday.

Kerrys business partner Elizabeth Blau told me: Kerry is in great spirits and wanted to express his most sincere gratitude to everyone who has worked so hard on putting together the event. He is incredibly excited. We are four days out from our event, and Kerry thanks everyone for the herculean efforts that have gone into putting it together in such a short period of time.

We still have some tickets to sell for the last-minute push. We are getting a large number of requests for comped tickets from celebrities, people who have donated auction items, the media, and the list goes on. We are extremely grateful to everyone who has contributed even in the smallest of ways, but there are no comp tickets to this event.

There is no Kerry Simon guest list! Everyone on this committee has expended the greatest efforts and bought their own tickets to keep operational costs as low as possible and secured hundreds of auction items to make sure every dollar raised goes to effectively Fight MSA.

Oscar-nominated actor Bill Murray, a close friend of Kerrys, will MC the buffet party with star chefs Jean-Georges Vongerichten, Daniel Boulud, Michael Mina, Rick Moonen, Charlie Palmer, Barry Dakake and in concert Sammy Hagar, Vince Neil, Slash, Todd Rundgren, Alice Cooper, Lisa Loeb and System of a Downs John Dolmayan.

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Kerry Simon finishes second round of stem-cell treatments, finalizes plans for MSA benefit Thursday

RoosterBio Inc, a Frederick Maryland Biotech Startup, Achieves Rapid Traction with Product Launch and Fundraising …

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Frederick, MD (PRWEB) February 25, 2014

RoosterBio Inc is a new biotech start-up supplying human bone marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hBM-MSC) for tissue engineering research and stem cell-based product development into the high growth Synthetic Biology and Regenerative Medicine fields. RoosterBio, Inc. initiated laboratory operations in October, 2013, and has achieved the critical milestone of first product shipment to paying customers in just four short months. In addition to the early validation of their business model and rapidly generating revenue, Roosterbio has raised over 250K in seed investment and are actively seeking funds via AngelList (https://angel.co/roosterbio).

RoosterBio credits their quick-to-market accomplishments to hyper-efficient operations and the passion that the RoosterBio team shares in their desire to assist tissue engineers and cell therapists to accelerate life-saving technologies into the clinic. Our laser focus coupled with operational excellence has enabled us to reach these milestones; we will delight our customers with our product offering, says Chief Operating Officer, Dr. Uplaksh Kumar. The RoosterBio teams extensive experience sourcing raw materials, manufacturing stem cell products, and controlling for high quality with best-in-class characterization techniques has allowed them to successfully launch their flagship hBM-MSC product quickly and efficiently.

Dr. Jon Rowley, RoosterBios Chief Executive said I cant express how proud I am of our small, highly dedicated team that worked tirelessly to get our first products designed, manufactured, quality tested, released, and just as importantly sold and shipped to our first paying customers. This was truly a team effort that couldnt have been done without each and every person at RoosterBio.

Having spent years as cell and tissue technologists, the RoosterBio team has an intimate understanding of the pain points surrounding the generation of large numbers of robust, reproducible, standardized cells for research and product development purposes. RoosterBio products are designed to solve this problem and they believe that high volume and affordable cellular raw materials will kick-start the cell-based medical product revolution.

Dr. Sarah Griffiths, a Researcher at Georgia Tech in Atlanta, believes that RoosterBios MSCs will do exactly that, and was anxiously awaiting receipt of the product. "We are excited to receive the first shipment of RoosterBios product. The potential to generate large stocks of MSCs in a short period of time will be a tremendous advantage to the progress of our research."

Researchers in the fields of Synthetic Biology and Regenerative Medicine, such as Dr. Griffiths, will use RoosterBios MSCs to develop new medical therapies to provide treatments for degenerative diseases such as Parkinsons and Alzheimers diseases, or to repair or replace tissue after a catastrophic injury such as traumatic bone and cartilage injury, spinal cord damage, heart attack, or significant burns.

RoosterBios current focus is to supply high volume research-grade cells manufactured with processes consistent with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). They are rapidly approaching their next milestones by laying the groundwork for initiating production of clinical-grade cells to be used in translational R&D and clinical studies.

About RoosterBio RoosterBio is focused on building a robust and sustainable Regenerative Medicine industry. Our products are affordable and standardized primary cells and media, manufactured and delivered with highest quality and in formats that simplify product development efforts. RoosterBio products are made with care in Frederick, MD, and will accelerate the translation of cell therapy and tissue engineering technologies into the clinic.

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RoosterBio Inc, a Frederick Maryland Biotech Startup, Achieves Rapid Traction with Product Launch and Fundraising ...

Restoring Strength in Aging Muscles

By Stem Cell Treatment

A stem cell based method may restore strength to damaged skeletal muscles of the elderly, according to a study done at the University of Toronto and published in a February 2014 issue of the journal Nature Medicine describes. A release from the university notes that skeletal muscles are some of the most important muscles in the body, supporting functions such as sitting, standing, blinking and swallowing. In aging individuals, the function of these muscles significantly decreases.

The release quotes Penney Gilbert, Assistant Professor at the Institute of Biomaterials & Biomedical Engineering, as saying, You lose fifteen percent of muscle mass every single year after the age of 75, a trend that is irreversible."

Through tracing the signaling pathways of the cells, Gilbert with lead author Professor Helen Blau and postdoctoral researcher Ben Cosgrove determined that during aging, a subpopulation of stem cells begin to express a modification of a protein that inhibits their ability to grow and make new stem cells.

"But if we instead treated those cells outside the body with a drug that prevented that protein modification from occurring, in combination with culturing the cells on something soft that is reminiscent of soft skeletal tissue, like a hydrogel biomaterial, the combination allowed the aged cells to grow and make more copies of themselves," Gilbert said.

The rejuvenated cell cultures were then transplanted into injured and aged tissues, with remarkable results: the transplanted cells returned strength to the damaged and aged tissues to levels matching a young, healthy state. "We've now shown that muscle stem cells progressively lose their stem cell function during aging," Cosgrove said. "This treatment does not turn the clock back on dysfunctional stem cells in the aged population. Rather, it stimulates stem cells from old muscle tissues that are still functional to begin dividing and self-renewing." "An important thing to stress here is that this is not a panacea for aging in general," warns Dr. Blau. The stem cell treatment would only be used to repair localized defects in relatively small muscles found in the hip area, the throat, or the muscles in the eye. One of the significant challenges to elderly individuals who receive hip transplants, for instance, is the challenge of repairing skeletal muscles around the hip joint injured during surgery. The study points to the potential for future post-surgery therapies that could leave elderly hip replacement patients spry in a fraction of the time. "Even a small, localized transplantation could have a huge impact on quality of life," Blau said. "One big advantage is that because the cells would come from the person's own muscles there would be no problem with an immune response." "It's a really new, exciting field," says Gilbert, who explains that the muscle stem cell field, which only began to isolate muscle stem cells for study within the last five years, is especially "wide open" in Toronto where "there are really impassioned clinician researchers who are interested in restoring strength in aging and disease.

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Restoring Strength in Aging Muscles

Skin cells transformed into functioning liver cells in mouse study

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The power of regenerative medicine now allows scientists to transform skin cells into cells that closely resemble heart cells, pancreas cells and even neurons. However, a method to generate cells that are fully mature -- a crucial prerequisite for life-saving therapies -- has proven far more difficult. But now, scientists at the Gladstone Institutes and the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), have made an important breakthrough: they have discovered a way to transform skin cells into mature, fully functioning liver cells that flourish on their own, even after being transplanted into laboratory animals modified to mimic liver failure.

In previous studies on liver-cell reprogramming, scientists had difficulty getting stem cell-derived liver cells to survive once being transplanted into existing liver tissue. But the Gladstone-UCSF team figured out a way to solve this problem. Writing in the latest issue of the journal Nature, researchers in the laboratories of Gladstone Senior Investigator Sheng Ding, PhD, and UCSF Associate Professor Holger Willenbring, MD, PhD, reveal a new cellular reprogramming method that transforms human skin cells into liver cells that are virtually indistinguishable from the cells that make up native liver tissue.

These results offer new hope for the millions of people suffering from, or at risk of developing, liver failure -- an increasingly common condition that results in progressive and irreversible loss of liver function. At present, the only option is a costly liver transplant. So, scientists have long looked to stem cell technology as a potential alternative. But thus far they have come up largely empty-handed.

"Earlier studies tried to reprogram skin cells back into a pluripotent, stem cell-like state in order to then grow liver cells," explained Dr. Ding, one of the paper's senior authors, who is also a professor of pharmaceutical chemistry at UCSF, with which Gladstone is affiliated. "However, generating these so-called induced pluripotent stem cells, or iPS cells, and then transforming them into liver cells wasn't always resulting in complete transformation. So we thought that, rather than taking these skin cells all the way back to a pluripotent, stem cell-like state, perhaps we could take them to an intermediate phase."

This research, which was performed jointly at the Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Research at Gladstone and the Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research at UCSF, involved using a 'cocktail' of reprogramming genes and chemical compounds to transform human skin cells into cells that resembled the endoderm. Endoderm cells are cells that eventually mature into many of the body's major organs -- including the liver.

"Instead of taking the skin cells back to the beginning, we took them only part way, creating endoderm-like cells," added Gladstone and CIRM Postdoctoral Scholar Saiyong Zhu, PhD, one of the paper's lead authors. "This step allowed us to generate a large reservoir of cells that could more readily be coaxed into becoming liver cells."

Next, the researchers discovered a set of genes and compounds that can transform these cells into functioning liver cells. And after just a few weeks, the team began to notice a transformation.

"The cells began to take on the shape of liver cells, and even started to perform regular liver-cell functions," said UCSF Postdoctoral Scholar Milad Rezvani, MD, the paper's other lead author. "They weren't fully mature cells yet -- but they were on their way."

Now that the team was encouraged by these initial results in a dish, they wanted to see what would happen in an actual liver. So, they transplanted these early-stage liver cells into the livers of mice. Over a period of nine months, the team monitored cell function and growth by measuring levels of liver-specific proteins and genes.

Two months post-transplantation, the team noticed a boost in human liver protein levels in the mice, an indication that the transplanted cells were becoming mature, functional liver cells. Nine months later, cell growth had shown no signs of slowing down. These results indicate that the researchers have found the factors required to successfully regenerate liver tissue.

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Skin cells transformed into functioning liver cells in mouse study

Katie's family 'holding our breath' – stem cell donor clinic Saturday

By Stem Cell Clinic

Cambridge Times

CAMBRIDGE The family of four-year-old Katie Herron is anxiously waiting to find out if chemotherapy was successful enough to put her into remission and give her a chance at the stem cell transplant that could save her life.

The Cambridge girl, who is facing cancer for the second time, is in Toronto Sick Kids hospital fighting for her life after normally successful treatments didnt beat her childhood leukemia. Herrons only hope is to receive a stem cell transplant, but she desperately needs to find a donor match first.

Its hoped that chances of finding a potential donor will increase thanks to a stem cell donor clinic scheduled for Saturday (Feb. 22). The clinic will run from 1 to 5 p.m. at Cambridge Sports Park, located at the corner of Franklin Boulevard and Can-Amera Parkway.

The Herron family is encouraging residents to come to the clinic and register as a donor with OneMatch, which co-ordinates the worldwide registry. Registering as a donor is a simple as a swab of the cheek.

However, even if a match is found, the four-year-olds fatigued body still needs to get healthy enough to have the procedure. Herron continues to undergo a battery of tests to see if she is well enough to accept a transplant. She has just completed another round of chemotherapy in hopes of putting her body into remission. Bone marrow tests are currently being reviewed.

We are, as you can imagine, holding our breath for the results and anxious on word of a match, said Herrons mother Anne Hodgkinson.

If her daughter is not given the go ahead for transplant, doctors will do one final round of chemotherapy.

Herron, meanwhile, is being treated for an infection she developed several weeks ago. She is feeling a little better, said Hodgkinson, and is finding the courage to smile and laugh a little again.

She is doing well enough for us to all stay together at the Ronald McDonald house here in Toronto, she said, going into the hospital during the day for tests and treatments.

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Katie's family 'holding our breath' - stem cell donor clinic Saturday

Stem cells to fight brain diseases say Cambridge scientists

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Cambridge News Follow us on

Sunday 23 Feb 2014 8:12 AM

Written byELEANOR DICKINSON

Sufferers of serious brain diseases could one day be helped by stem cell treatments , according to scientists at Cambridge University.

Scientists at the University hope to be able to use the regenerative power of stem cells to treat major brain conditions such as Parkinsons and Huntingtons disease.

Their findings are expected to be revealed at the Cambridge Festival of Science next month.

Robin Franklin, the newly appointed Professor of Stem Cell Medicine, will be discussing his research into central nervous system regeneration and the possibility of treating multiple sclerosis.

He said: The brain, although capable of unmatched feats of adaptability, is generally considered to be an organ that is very poor at mending itself after injury.

However, one particular type of brain cell, called the oligodendrocyte the cell that makes the myelin wrapping around nerve fibres can be regenerated when lost in disease by the brains own stem cells.

By studying in the laboratory how brain stem cells generate new oligodendrocytes it has been possible to identify ways in which this important regenerative process might be achieved in the clinic, offering the

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Stem cells to fight brain diseases say Cambridge scientists

Researchers rejuvenate stem cell population from elderly …

By Stem Cell Medicine

FEB. 16, 2014

BY KRISTA CONGER

Benjamin Cosgrove, Helen Blau and their colleagues have identified a process by which older muscle stem cell populations can be rejuvenated to function like younger cells.

Researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine have pinpointed why normal aging is accompanied by a diminished ability to regain strength and mobility after muscle injury: Over time, stem cells within muscle tissues dedicated to repairing damage become less able to generate new muscle fibers and struggle to self-renew.

In the past, its been thought that muscle stem cells themselves dont change with age, and that any loss of function is primarily due to external factors in the cells environment, said Helen Blau, PhD, the Donald and Delia B. Baxter Foundation Professor. However, when we isolated stem cells from older mice, we found that they exhibit profound changes with age. In fact, two-thirds of the cells are dysfunctional when compared to those from younger mice, and the defect persists even when transplanted into young muscles.

Blau and her colleagues also identified for the first time a process by which the older muscle stem cell populations can be rejuvenated to function like younger cells. Our findings identify a defect inherent to old muscle stem cells, she said. Most exciting is that we also discovered a way to overcome the defect. As a result, we have a new therapeutic target that could one day be used to help elderly human patients repair muscle damage.

Blau, a professor of microbiology and immunology and director of Stanfords Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, is the senior author of a paper describing the research, published online Feb. 16 in Nature Medicine. Postdoctoral scholar Benjamin Cosgrove, PhD, and former postdoctoral scholar Penney Gilbert, PhD, now an assistant professor at the University of Toronto, are the lead authors.

The researchers found that many muscle stem cells isolated from mice that were 2 years old, equivalent to about 80 years of human life, exhibited elevated levels of activity in a biological cascade called the p38 MAP kinase pathway. This pathway impedes the proliferation of the stem cells and encourages them to instead become non-stem, muscle progenitor cells. As a result, although many of the old stem cells divide in a dish, the resulting colonies are very small and do not contain many stem cells.

Using a drug to block this p38 MAP kinase pathway in old stem cells (while also growing them on a specialized matrix called hydrogel) allowed them to divide rapidly in the laboratory and make a large number of potent new stem cells that can robustly repair muscle damage, Blau said.

Aging is a stochastic but cumulative process, Cosgrove said. Weve now shown that muscle stem cells progressively lose their stem cell function during aging. This treatment does not turn the clock back on dysfunctional stem cells in the aged population. Rather, it stimulates stem cells from old muscle tissues that are still functional to begin dividing and self-renew.

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Duke Health System CEO appointed to head Institute of Medicine – Boston.com

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Duke University Health SystemDr. Victor J. Dzau, the current president and CEO of Duke University Health System

Dr. Victor J. Dzau, the current president and CEO of Duke University Health System and chancellor for health affairs at Duke University, has been appointed to a six-year term as the next president of the Institute of Medicine (IOM), effective July 1, 2014. Dr. Dzau will take over the lead role from Dr. Harvey Fineberg, who served in the position for twelve years.

Dr. Dzau began his career in medicine as a cardiologist, having previously taught at Harvard Medical School and served as chair of the department of medicine. He also worked at Brigham and Womens Hospital as the director of research. His ongoing award-winning research has been key in the development of cardiovascular drugs, as well as techniques to repair tissue damage from heart attacks and heart disease using stem cell therapies.

Dr. Eugene Braunwald, often called the father of modern cardiology and a professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School, has known Dr. Dzau for more than 40 years and worked with him at many different stages of his career at Brigham and Womens Hospital and Partners Healthcare. In an interview Wednesday he called the upcoming IOM president a force of nature.

He is what I would call a talented, quadruple threat. A great physician, inspiring teacher, and a very creative scientist, said Dr. Braunwald, who trained Dzau when he was a resident at Brigham and Womens and continued to work with him on cardiovascular research when Dr. Dzau became chief resident, and then faculty at Harvard Medical School. The quadruple threat is that he also sees the larger picture. Hes interested in areas of medicine that most academic physicians have stayed away from. His work and ideas in global and community-based medicine have left an important heritage at each institution where hes worked.

After nearly a decade at Duke, Dr. Dzaus leadership has been credited with the launch of a number of innovative and global-focused medical institutions, including the Duke-National University of Signapore Graduate Medical School, Duke Global Health Institute, Duke Institute for Health Innovation, Duke Cancer Institute, as well as the Duke Translational Medicine Institute.

Im deeply honored to become the next president of the IOM and recognize the critically important role that the IOM will have in improving the health of the nation at a time of extraordinary evolution in biomedical research and health care delivery, Dzau said in a press release from Duke University Health System. The explosion of new data resources, novel technologies and breathtaking research advances make this the most promising time in history for driving innovations that will improve health care delivery, outcomes and quality.

As the health sciences extension of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Medicine is known for its leadership in advancing health sciences and objective medical research nationally as a nonprofit academic research organization. The outgoing IOM president, Dr. Harvey Fineberg (previously Dean of the Harvard School of Public Health) has lead the nonprofit for twelve years. His focus and research have centered around public health policy and an improvement in informed medical decision making.

This leaves the medical community wondering what Dr. Dzau will bring to the Institute.

As a former chairman of the Association of Academic Health Centers (AAHC), Dr. Dzau advocated for the innovative transition of academic medical and health centers into institutions that can survive the rapid transitions in the health care industry. In a recent article in the New England Journal of Medicine, Dr. Dzau discusses the uncertain future of academic medical centers. He argues that industry pressures and cost restraints from the Affordable Care Act limit the research and education-based missions of teaching hospitals.

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