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Stem cell factor – Wikipedia

Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens

Stem cell factor (also known as SCF, KIT-ligand, KL, or steel factor) is a cytokine that binds to the c-KIT receptor (CD117). SCF can exist both as a transmembrane protein and a soluble protein. This cytokine plays an important role in hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells), spermatogenesis, and melanogenesis.

The gene encoding stem cell factor (SCF) is found on the Sl locus in mice and on chromosome 12q22-12q24 in humans.[5] The soluble and transmembrane forms of the protein are formed by alternative splicing of the same RNA transcript,[6][7]

The soluble form of SCF contains a proteolytic cleavage site in exon 6. Cleavage at this site allows the extracellular portion of the protein to be released. The transmembrane form of SCF is formed by alternative splicing that excludes exon 6 (Figure 1). Both forms of SCF bind to c-KIT and are biologically active.

Soluble and transmembrane SCF is produced by fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Soluble SCF has a molecular weight of 18,5 KDa and forms a dimer. It is detected in normal human blood serum at 3.3ng/mL.[8]

SCF plays an important role in the hematopoiesis during embryonic development. Sites where hematopoiesis takes place, such as the fetal liver and bone marrow, all express SCF. Mice that do not express SCF die in utero from severe anemia. Mice that do not express the receptor for SCF (c-KIT) also die from anemia.[9] SCF may serve as guidance cues that direct hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) to their stem cell niche (the microenvironment in which a stem cell resides), and it plays an important role in HSC maintenance. Non-lethal point mutants on the c-KIT receptor can cause anemia, decreased fertility, and decreased pigmentation.[10]

During development, the presence of the SCF also plays an important role in the localization of melanocytes, cells that produce melanin and control pigmentation. In melanogenesis, melanoblasts migrate from the neural crest to their appropriate locations in the epidermis. Melanoblasts express the KIT receptor, and it is believed that SCF guides these cells to their terminal locations. SCF also regulates survival and proliferation of fully differentiated melanocytes in adults.[11]

In spermatogenesis, c-KIT is expressed in primordial germ cells, spermatogonia, and in primordial oocytes.[12] It is also expressed in the primordial germ cells of females. SCF is expressed along the pathways that the germ cells use to reach their terminal destination in the body. It is also expressed in the final destinations for these cells. Like for melanoblasts, this helps guide the cells to their appropriate locations in the body.[9]

SCF plays a role in the regulation of HSCs in the stem cell niche in the bone marrow. SCF has been shown to increase the survival of HSCs in vitro and contributes to the self-renewal and maintenance of HSCs in-vivo. HSCs at all stages of development express the same levels of the receptor for SCF (c-KIT).[13] The stromal cells that surround HSCs are a component of the stem cell niche, and they release a number of ligands, including SCF.

In the bone marrow, HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells are adjacent to stromal cells, such as fibroblasts and osteoblasts (Figure 2). These HSCs remain in the niche by adhering to ECM proteins and to the stromal cells themselves. SCF has been shown to increase adhesion and thus may play a large role in ensuring that HSCs remain in the niche.[9]

A small percentage of HSCs regularly leave the bone marrow to enter circulation and then return to their niche in the bone marrow.[14] It is believed that concentration gradients of SCF, along with the chemokine SDF-1, allow HSCs to find their way back to the niche.[15]

In adult mice, the injection of the ACK2 anti-KIT antibody, which binds to the c-Kit receptor and inactivates it, leads to severe problems in hematopoiesis. It causes a significant decrease in the number HSC and other hematopoietic progenitor cells in the bone marrow.[16] This suggests that SCF and c-Kit plays an important role in hematopoietic function in adulthood. SCF also increases the survival of various hematopoietic progenitor cells, such as megakaryocyte progenitors, in vitro.[17] In addition, it works with other cytokines to support the colony growth of BFU-E, CFU-GM, and CFU-GEMM4. Hematopoietic progenitor cells have also been shown to migrate towards a higher concentration gradient of SCF in vitro, which suggests that SCF is involved in chemotaxis for these cells.

Fetal HSCs are more sensitive to SCF than HSCs from adults. In fact, fetal HSCs in cell culture are 6 times more sensitive to SCF than adult HSCs based on the concentration that allows maximum survival.[18]

Mast cells are the only terminally differentiated hematopoietic cells that express the c-Kit receptor. Mice with SCF or c-Kit mutations have severe defects in the production of mast cells, having less than 1% of the normal levels of mast cells. Conversely, the injection of SCF increases mast cell numbers near the site of injection by over 100 times. In addition, SCF promotes mast cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and survival.[19] It also promotes the release of histamine and tryptase, which are involved in the allergic response.

The presence of both soluble and transmembrane SCF is required for normal hematopoietic function.[6][20] Mice that produce the soluble SCF but not transmembrane SCF suffer from anemia, are sterile, and lack pigmentation. This suggests that transmembrane SCF plays a special role in vivo that is separate from that of soluble SCF.

SCF binds to the c-KIT receptor (CD 117), a receptor tyrosine kinase.[21] c-Kit is expressed in HSCs, mast cells, melanocytes, and germ cells. It is also expressed in hematopoietic progenitor cells including erythroblasts, myeloblasts, and megakaryocytes. However, with the exception of mast cells, expression decreases as these hematopoietic cells mature and c-KIT is not present when these cells are fully differentiated (Figure 3). SCF binding to c-KIT causes the receptor to homodimerize and auto-phosphorylate at tyrosine residues. The activation of c-Kit leads to the activation of multiple signaling cascades, including the RAS/ERK, PI3-Kinase, Src kinase, and JAK/STAT pathways.[21]

SCF may be used along with other cytokines to culture HSCs and hematopoietic progenitors. The expansion of these cells ex-vivo (outside the body) would allow advances in bone marrow transplantation, in which HSCs are transferred to a patient to re-establish blood formation.[13] One of the problems of injecting SCF for therapeutic purposes is that SCF activates mast cells. The injection of SCF has been shown to cause allergic-like symptoms and the proliferation of mast cells and melanocytes.[9]

Cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of transmembrane SCF promotes stem cell migration and improves cardiac function and animal survival after myocardial infarction.[22]

Stem cell factor has been shown to interact with CD117.[23][24]

PDB gallery

1exz: STRUCTURE OF STEM CELL FACTOR

1scf: HUMAN RECOMBINANT STEM CELL FACTOR

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Stem cell factor - Wikipedia

Breast cancer treatment: These targeted therapies are a ray of hope for patients – Health shots

Women have always been told to be aware of lumps in the breast. Routine self-examination of breasts is considered important for the early identification of lumps and subsequent investigations to rule out cancer. Once considered deadly, advances in treatments have ensured increased survival rates in women with breast cancer. Nonetheless, it remains the number one cancer among Indian women.

Before understanding more about breast cancer, let us first understand what is cancer. Dr. Pradeep Mahajan, Regenerative Medicine Researcher, StemRx Bioscience Solutions Pvt. Ltd., Navi Mumbai, explains cancer as the uncontrolled multiplication of cells, which is something the immune system cannot handle effectively. What makes matters worse is that cancer cells are capable of hiding from the immune system. He added that this is the reason why recent advances in cancer therapy have attempted to focus on training the immune cells in order to attack cancer cells.

Dr Mahajan explains that conventional cancer therapies are associated with hair loss, weight loss, general malaise etc. The reason behind this is that treatments such as chemotherapy/radiotherapy not only target cancer cells but also normal cells. Our body has natural healing mechanisms, which are suppressed by these treatments, resulting in undesirable side effects.

Immunotherapy and other advances in cancer therapy are target-specific; thus, prolong the survival of the patient while maintaining their quality of life. Further helping us understand more about immunotherapy and its role in breast cancer, Dr Mahajan says, In breast cancer (and other cancers), immunotherapy aims to educate the front-line immune cells (dendritic cells, natural killer cells, T-cells) of the body to target the cancer cells specifically. The treatment is minimally invasive. It is mostly a laboratory procedure to prepare the cells for transplantation in the patients bodythink of it like a vaccine. Obtaining blood and transplanting the cells is via intravenous injection, which is similar to that done while taking blood tests. Immunotherapy simply enhances the natural healing mechanisms of the body to fight cancer, which is overwhelmed by the load of the disease.

Another treatment is using stem cells to reconstruct defects left after surgery for cancer. In breast cancer specifically, fat-derived stem cells have shown promise in improving/maintaining the volume of the breast tissue, and have shown positive effects on improving blood circulation, reducing swelling/inflammation and scar tissue.

We need treatments that enable a patient to go about his/her routine independently for as long as possible and not just prolong survival. Immunotherapy and stem cell treatments improve the quality of life of patients with breast cancer along with reducing the side effects of conventional treatments, concludes Dr. Mahajan.

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Breast cancer treatment: These targeted therapies are a ray of hope for patients - Health shots

American Academy of Stem Cell Physicians to Offer Licensed Physicians Board Examination in Regenerative Medicine – GlobeNewswire

MIAMI, Oct. 11, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The American Academy of Stem Cell Physicians will be hosting its fall Scientific Congress in Chicago, IL, on Oct. 28-30, 2022. The conference will feature three days of educational and networking events with leading physicians from across the fields of stem cells, live cells, and regenerative medicine. A Board Examination process will be available, creating a pathway for participants to earn a Diplomat and Fellowship Certification in Regenerative Medicine.

The Board of American Academy of Stem Cell Physicians is the official board certifying body of the American Academy of Stem Cell Physicians(AASCP). As a nationally recognized academy with a mission to bring like-minded physicians together to increase awareness and education for the evolving field of regenerative medicine, the AASCP is proud to announce its Fellowship and Diplomat Certification.

In order to be eligible for certification or recertification through the AASCP, licensed physicians in good standing must meet the stringent eligibility requirements that have been defined by the board. AASCP places an emphasis on not only psychometrically evaluated testing and advanced training, but also moral character and experience. Furthermore, AASCP has a clear path toward recertification for qualified physicians. Their standards for recertification include a commitment to continuing medical education, successful completion of a recertification examination, participation in a non-remedial medical ethics program, and additional requirements.

AASCP is known for working with physicians to provide unique opportunities for board certification in their specialty of regenerative medicine. Specifically, the AASCP offers ongoing workshop modules led by esteemed physicians in this field who certify and educate on different treatment approaches and techniques. Another defining characteristic of the AASCP is theircommitment to ongoing education and awareness. To support this goal, the AASCP has developed innovative committees, including its Institutional Review Board and created opportunities for physicians and researchers to submit their work for peer review and exposure.

The AASCP was founded to recognize licensed physicians who have shown a specialty and interest in regenerative medicine. Increasingly, hospitals and medical staff placement agencies are prioritizing hiring Board-Certified Physicians. For this reason, the AASCPfeels it is important to offer qualified professionals a choice when they're researching board certifying bodies.

The American Academy of Stem Cell Physicians (AASCP) is an organization created to advance research and the development of therapeutics in regenerative medicine, including diagnosis, treatmentand prevention of disease related to or occurring within the human body. Secondarily, the AASCP aims to serve as an educational resource for physicians, scientistsand the public in diseases that can be caused by physiological dysfunction that areameliorableto medical treatment.

For further information, please contact WilsonDemenessez at 305-891-4686, and you can also visit us at http://www.aascp.net.

Contact Information: Wislon Demenessezz AASCP account Sales manager wilson@genorthix.com 305-891-4686

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Human neuron clusters transplanted into rats offer new tool to study the brain : Shots – Health News – NPR

This cross-section of a rat brain shows tissue from a human brain organoid fluorescing in light green. Scientists say these implanted clusters of human neurons could aid the study of brain disorders. Pasca lab / Stanford Medicine hide caption

This cross-section of a rat brain shows tissue from a human brain organoid fluorescing in light green. Scientists say these implanted clusters of human neurons could aid the study of brain disorders.

Scientists have demonstrated a new way to study conditions like autism spectrum disorder, ADHD, and schizophrenia.

The approach involves transplanting a cluster of living human brain cells from a dish in the lab to the brain of a newborn rat, a team from Stanford University reports in the journal Nature.

The cluster, known as a brain organoid, then continues to develop in ways that mimic a human brain and may allow scientists to see what goes wrong in a range of neuropsychiatric disorders.

"It's definitely a step forward," says Paola Arlotta, a prominent brain organoid researcher at Harvard University who was not involved in the study. "The ultimate goal of this work is to begin to understand features of complex diseases like schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder."

But the advance is likely to make some people uneasy, says bioethicist Insoo Hyun, director of life sciences at the Museum of Science in Boston and an affiliate of the Harvard Medical School Center for Bioethics.

"There is a tendency for people to assume that when you transfer the biomaterials from one species into another, you transfer the essence of that animal into the other," Hyun says, adding that even the most advanced brain organoids are still very rudimentary versions of a human brain.

The success in transplanting human brain organoids into a living animal appears to remove a major barrier to using them as models of human disease. It also represents the culmination of seven years of work overseen by Dr. Sergiu Pasca, a professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at Stanford.

Human brain organoids are made from pluripotent stem cells, which can be coaxed into becoming various types of brain cells. These cells are grown in a rotating container known as a bioreactor, which allows the cells to spontaneously form brain-like spheres about the size of a small pea.

But after a few months, the lab-grown organoids stop developing, says Pasca, whose lab at Stanford devised the transplant technique. Individual neurons in the cluster remain relatively small, he says, and make relatively few connections.

"No matter how long we keep them in a dish, they still do not become as complex as human neurons would be in an actual human brain," Pasca says. That may be one reason organoids have yet to reveal much about the origins of complex neuropsychiatric disorders, he says.

So Pasca's team set out to find an environment for the organoids that would allow them to continue growing and maturing. They found one in the brains of newborn rats.

"We discovered that the [organoid] grows, over the span of a few months, about nine times in volume," Pasca says. "In the end it covers roughly about a third of a rat's hemisphere."

The transplanted cells don't seem to cause problems for the rats, who behave normally as they grow, Pasca says.

"The rat tissue is just pushed aside," he says. "But now you also have a group of human cells that are integrating into the circuitry."

The human cells begin to make connections with rat cells. Meanwhile, the rat's blood vessels begin to supply the human cells with oxygen and nutrients.

Pasca's team placed each organoid in an area of the rat brain that processes sensory information. After a few months, the team did an experiment that suggested the human cells were reacting to whatever the rat was sensing.

"When you stimulate the whiskers of the rat, the majority of human neurons are engaged in an electrical activity that follows that stimulation," Pasca says.

Another experiment suggests the human cells could even influence a rat's behavior.

The team trained rats to associate stimulation of their human cells with a reward a drink of water. Eventually, the rats began to seek water whenever the human cells were stimulated.

In a final experiment, Pasca's team set out to show how transplanted organoids could help identify the brain changes associated with a specific human disorder. They chose Timothy Syndrome, a very rare genetic disorder that affects brain development in ways that can cause symptoms of autism spectrum disorder.

The team compared organoids made from the stem cells of healthy people with organoids made from the stem cells of patients with the syndrome. In the lab, the cell clusters looked the same.

"But once we transplanted and we looked 250 days later, we discovered that while control cells grew dramatically, patient cells failed to do so," Pasca says.

A better model, with ethical concerns

The experiments show that Pasca's team has developed a better model for studying human brain disorders, Arlotta says.

The key seems to be providing the transplanted organoids with sensory information that they don't get growing in a dish, she says, noting that an infant's brain needs this sort of stimulation to develop normally.

"It's the stuff that we get after we are born," she says, "especially when we begin to experience the world and hear sound, see light, and so on."

But as brain organoids become more like actual human brains, scientists will have to consider the ethical and societal implications of this research, Arlotta says.

"We need to be able to watch it, consider it, discuss it and stop it if we think we think one day we are at the point where we shouldn't progress," she says. "I think we are far, far away from that point right now."

Even the most advanced brain organoids have nothing even remotely like the capabilities of a human brain, says Hyun, who posted a video conversation he had with Pasca to coincide with the publication of the new study.

Yet many ethical discussions have focused on the possibility that an organoid could attain human-like consciousness.

"I think that's a mistake," Hyun says. "We don't exactly know what we mean by 'human-like consciousness,' and the nearer issue, the more important issue, is the well-being of the animals used in the research."

He says that wasn't a problem in the Pasca lab's experiments because the organoids didn't seem to harm the animals or change their behavior.

If human brain organoids are grown in larger, more complex animal brains, Hyun says, the cell clusters might develop in ways that cause the animals to suffer.

"What I'm concerned about," he says, "is what's next."

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Human neuron clusters transplanted into rats offer new tool to study the brain : Shots - Health News - NPR

BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY FOR IPS-DERIVED CELL THERAPIES TURNED INTO GMP PLATFORM BY TREEFROG THERAPEUTICS & INVETECH – PR Newswire

BORDEAUX, France, Oct. 11, 2022 /PRNewswire/ --TreeFrog Therapeutics,a biotechnology company developing stem cell-derived therapies in regenerative medicine and immuno-oncology based on the biomimetic C-Stemtechnology platform, and Invetech, a global leader in the development and production ofautomated manufacturing solutionsfor cell and advanced therapies, today announced the delivery of a GMP-grade cell encapsulation device using the C-Stemtechnology. The machine will be transferred in 2023 to a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) to produce TreeFrog's cell therapy candidate for Parkinson's disease, with the aim of a first-in-human trial in 2024.Over 2023, Invetech will deliver three additional GMP encapsulation devices to support TreeFrog's in-house and partnered cell therapy programs in regenerative medicine and immuno-oncology.

Blending microfluidics and stem cell biology, TreeFrog's C-Stemtechnology generates alginate capsules seeded with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) at very high speed. Engineered to mimic the in vivo stem cell niche, the capsules allow iPSCs to grow exponentially in 3D, and to differentiate into ready-to-transplant functional microtissues. And because alginate is both porous and highly resistant, encapsulated iPSCs can be expanded and differentiated in large-scale bioreactors without suffering from impeller-induced shear stress.

"TreeFrog Therapeutics introduces a breakthrough technology for cell therapy, which impacts scale, quality, as well as the efficacy and safety potential of cellular products. Automating this disruptive technology and turning it into a robust GMP-grade instrument is a tremendous achievement for our team. This deliverable is the result of a very fruitful and demanding collaboration with TreeFrog's engineers in biophysics and bioproduction over the past four years. We're now eager to learn how the neural microtissues produced with C-Stemwill perform in the clinic." Anthony Annibale, Global VP Commercial at Invetech.

Started in 2019, the collaboration between TreeFrog and Invetech led to the delivery of a prototype in October 2020. With this research-grade machine, TreeFrog demonstrated the scalability of C-Stem, moving within six months from milliliter-scale to 10-liter bioreactors. In June 2021, the company announced the production of two single-batches of 15 billion iPSCs in 10L bioreactors with an unprecedented 275-fold amplification per week, striking reproducibility and best-in-class cell quality. The new GMP-grade device delivered by Invetech features the same technical specifications. The machine generates over 1,000 capsules per second, allowing to seed bioreactors from 200mL to 10L. However, the device was entirely redesigned to fit bioproduction standards.

"With the GMP device, our main challenge was to minimize the learning curve for operators, so as to facilitate tech transfer. Invetech and our team did an outstanding job in terms of automation and industrial design to make the device both robust and easy to use. As an inventor, I am so proud of the journey of the C-Stemtechnology. Many elements have been changed and improved on the way, and now comes the time to put the platform in the hands of real-world users to make real products." Kevin Alessandri, Ph.D., co-founder and chief technology officer, TreeFrog Therapeutics

"In October 2020, we announced that we were planning for the delivery of a GMP encapsulation device by the end of 2022. Exactly two years after, we're right on time. I guess this machine testifies to the outstanding execution capacity of TreeFrog and Invetech. But more importantly, this machine constitutes a key milestone. Our platform can now be used to manufacture clinical-grade cell therapy products. Our plan is to accelerate the translation of our in-house and partnered programs to the clinic, with a focus on immuno-oncology and regenerative medicine applications." Frederic Desdouits, Ph.D., chief executive officer, TreeFrog Therapeutics

About Invetech

Invetech helps cell and gene therapy developers to visualize, strategize and manage the future. With proven processes, expert insights and full-spectrum services, we swiftly accelerate life-changing therapies from the clinic to commercial-scale manufacturing. Through our ready-to-run, preconfigured systems, our custom and configurable technology platforms and automated production systems, we assure predictable, reproducible products of the highest quality and efficacy. Our integrated approach brings together biological scientists, engineers, designers and program managers to deliver successful, cost-effective market offerings to more people, more quickly. Working in close collaboration with early-stage and mature life sciences companies, we are committed to advancing the next generation of vital, emerging therapies to revolutionize healthcare and precision medicine. invetechgroup.com

About TreeFrog Therapeutics

TreeFrog Therapeutics is a French-based biotech company aiming to unlock access to cell therapies for millions of patients. Bringing together over 100 biophysicists, cell biologists and bioproduction engineers, TreeFrog Therapeutics raised $82M over the past 3 years to advance a pipeline of stem cell-based therapies in immuno-oncology and regenerative medicine. In 2022, the company opened technological hubs in Boston, USA, and Kobe, Japan, with the aim of driving the adoption of the C-Stemplatform and establish strategic alliances with leading academic, biotech and industry players in the field of cell therapy. http://www.treefrog.fr

Media ContactsPierre-Emmanuel Gaultier TreeFrog Therapeutics + 33 6 45 77 42 58 [emailprotected]

Marisa Reinoso Invetech +1 858 437 1061 [emailprotected]

SOURCE Invetech; Treefrog Therapeutics

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BREAKTHROUGH TECHNOLOGY FOR IPS-DERIVED CELL THERAPIES TURNED INTO GMP PLATFORM BY TREEFROG THERAPEUTICS & INVETECH - PR Newswire

Stem Cell Manufacturing Global Market Report 2022: Widespread Product Utilization in Effective Disease Ma – Benzinga

Dublin, Oct. 11, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Stem Cell Manufacturing Market: Global Industry Trends, Share, Size, Growth, Opportunity and Forecast 2022-2027" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The global stem cell manufacturing market size reached US$ 11.2 Billion in 2021. Looking forward, the publisher expects the market to reach US$ 18.59 Billion by 2027, exhibiting a CAGR of 8.81% during 2021-2027.

Stem cells are undifferentiated or partially differentiated cells that make up the tissues and organs of animals and plants. They are commonly sourced from blood, bone marrow, umbilical cord, embryo, and placenta. Under the right body and laboratory conditions, stem cells can divide to form more cells, such as red blood cells (RBCs), platelets, and white blood cells, which generate specialized functions.

They are widely used for human disease modeling, drug discovery, development of cell therapies for untreatable diseases, gene therapy, and tissue engineering. Stem cells are cryopreserved to maintain their viability and minimize genetic change and are consequently used later to replace damaged organs and tissues and treat various diseases.

Stem Cell Manufacturing Market Trends:

The global market is primarily driven by the increasing venture capital (VC) investments in stem cell research due to the rising awareness about the therapeutic potency of stem cells. Apart from this, the widespread product utilization in effective disease management, personalized medicine, and genome testing applications are favoring the market growth. Additionally, the incorporation of three-dimensional (3D) printing and microfluidic technologies to reduce production time and lower cost by integrating multiple production steps into one device is providing an impetus to the market growth.

Furthermore, the increasing product utilization in the pharmaceutical industry for manufacturing hematopoietic stem cells (HSC)- and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC)-based drugs for treating tumors, leukemia, and lymphoma is acting as another growth-inducing factor.

Moreover, the increasing product application in research applications to produce new drugs that assist in improving functions and altering the progress of diseases is providing a considerable boost to the market. Other factors, including the increasing usage of the technique in tissue and organ replacement therapies, significant improvements in medical infrastructure, and the implementation of various government initiatives promoting public health, are anticipated to drive the market.

Key Players

Key Questions Answered in This Report:

Key Market Segmentation

Breakup by Product:

Breakup by Application:

Breakup by End User:

Breakup by Region:

Key Topics Covered:

1 Preface

2 Scope and Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Introduction

5 Global Stem Cell Manufacturing Market

6 Market Breakup by Product

7 Market Breakup by Application

8 Market Breakup by End User

9 Market Breakup by Region

10 SWOT Analysis

11 Value Chain Analysis

12 Porters Five Forces Analysis

13 Price Analysis

14 Competitive Landscape

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/5iujo7

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Stem Cell Manufacturing Global Market Report 2022: Widespread Product Utilization in Effective Disease Ma - Benzinga

The Switch to Regenerative Medicine – Dermatology Times

As the 3rd presenter during the morning session of the American Society for Dermatologic Surgery Meeting, Emerging Concepts, Saranya Wyles, MD, PhD, assistant professor of dermatology, pharmacology, and regenerative medicine in the department of dermatology at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, explored the hallmarks of skin aging, the root cause of aging and why it occurs, and regenerative medicine. Wyles first began with an explanation of how health care is evolving. In 21st-century health care, there has been a shift in how medical professionals think about medicine. Traditionally,the first approach was to fight diseases, such as cancer, inflammatory conditions, or autoimmune disorders. Now, the thought process is changing to a root cause approach with a curative option and how to rebuild health. Considering how to overcome the sequence of the different medications and treatments given to patients is rooted in regenerative medicine principles.

For skin aging, there is a molecular clock that bodies follow. Within the clock are periods of genomic instability, telomere attrition, and epigenetic alterations, and Wyles lab focuses on cellular senescence.

We've heard a lot atthis conference about bio stimulators, aesthetics, and how we can stimulate our internal mechanisms of regeneration. Now, the opposite force of regeneration isthe inhibitory aging hallmarks which include cellular senescence. So, what is cell senescence? This isa state that the cell goes into, similar to apoptosis or proliferation, where the cell goesinto a cell cycle arrest so instead of dividing apoptosis, leading to cell death,the cell stays in this zombie state, said Wyles.

Senescence occurs when bodies require a mutation for cancers. When the body recognizes there is something wrong, it launches itself into the senescent state, which can be beneficial. Alternatively, chronic senescence seen with inflammageing, like different intrinsic markers, extrinsic markers, and UV damage, is a sign of late senescence. Senescence cells can be melanocytes, fibroblasts, and cells that contribute to the regeneration of the skin.

I think were in a very exciting time ofinnovation and advancements in medicine, which is the meeting of longevity science of aging and regenerative medicine, said Wyles.

Regenerative medicine is a new field of medicine that uses native and bioengineered cells, devices, and engineering platforms with the goal of healing tissues and organs byrestoring form and function through innate mechanisms of healing.Stem cell therapy and stem cell application are commonly referenced with regenerative medicine. Typically, first-in-class treatments include cells, autologous or allogeneic, different types of cells that areassociated with high-cost due to the manufacturing.

With regenerative medicine, there's a new class of manufacturing. Regenerative medicine is not like traditional drugs where every product is consistent. These are cells, so the idea of manufacturing, and minimally manipulating, all comes into play. Now, there's a new shift towards next-generation care. This is cell-free technology. So, this is the idea of exosomes, because these are now products from cells that can be directly applied, they can be shelf-stable, accessible, and more cost-effective, said Wyles.

Exosomes are the ways that the cells communicate with each other. Cells have intercellularcommunications and depending on the source of the exosomes, there can be different signals. Wyles focused specifically on a platelet product, which is a pooled platelet product that can be purified and used for different mechanisms including wound healing, fat grafting, degenerative joint disease, and more.In a cosmetic studyconducted by Mayo Clinic, a topical platelet exosome product was applied to the face in the morning and the evening. Application included a 3-step regimen, a gentle cleanser, a platelet exosomeproduct, and then a sunscreen.

After 6 weeks, there was a significant improvement in redness and a 92% improvement in the hemoglobin process. Vasculature also improved across age groups. The study enrolled 56patients, and the average age was 54. Patients in their 40s, 50s, and 60s saw consistent improvement in redness and skin aging.

Lastly, Wyles stressed that as dermatologists think through the science-driven practices of these innovative strategies for skin aging, wound healing, and other regenerative approaches, they must think about responsible conducts of research. Currently, there are no FDA indications for exosomes being injected.

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The Switch to Regenerative Medicine - Dermatology Times

Competition heats up between OUWB, other med schools in bone marrow drive – News at OU

Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine is going head-to-head with three other medical schools as part of a friendly competition being held in the name of saving lives.

The 2022 Bone Marrow Donor Registration Drive is now underway.

OUWB has partnered with Be The Match the National Marrow Donor Programs annual bone marrow registration drive thats aimed at educating and signing up as many potential donors as possible.

Led by medical students from the Student National Medical Association (SNMA), OUWB will compete with other medical schools in Michigan and Indiana to try and be the one that signs up the most people for the national bone marrow registry.

The drive will consist of in-person events this week as well as an option to participate online through Nov. 15.

Tiffany Williams, director, Diversity & Inclusion, credits students from SNMA for leading the effort.

Theyve been very diligent in making this drive a priority every year, she says. Its a testament that theyve been able to continue the drive, especially since it had to be completely virtual for the last two years.

OUWB is big on compassion

The importance of the bone marrow registry cannot be overstated.

Bone marrow donations have the ability to help with more than 70 diseases that can be treated by a blood stem cell transplant, including leukemia and lymphoma, sickle cell disease, inherited immune disorders, and more.

According to the National Marrow Donor Program (NMDP), Be The Match helped facilitate nearly 6,7000 blood stem cell transplants or other cell therapies in 2021.

OUWB has been participating in the bone marrow donor registration drive since 2014, after OUWBs Student National Medical Association (SNMA) proposed the idea.

Williams says it makes sense for the OUWB community to be involved in the drive because it reflects a commitment to giving back and getting involved in the community.

OUWB is big on compassion and serving the community, says Williams. (The bone marrow donor registration drive) falls right in live with that.

How does it work?

The drive is open to those who are 18 to 40 years of age, in general good health, and willing to donate to any searching patient.

The way it works is relatively simple: An individual swabs the inside of the cheek to generate a sample that is used to compare, and ideally match up, specific protein markers with patients who need a bone marrow transplant.

In-person swabs can be done Tuesday, Oct. 11, from 10 a.m. to noon; Thursday, Oct. 13, from 10 a.m. to noon; and Friday, Oct. 14, from 11 a.m. to 1 p.m. On those dates and times, medical students from SNMA will be at a registration table in the Oakland Center.

Williams says one of the most exciting aspects of this years drive is that it will have an in-person element for the first time since 2019.

Being in-person gives the drive that personal touch, she says. Were able to explain face-to-face the importance of registering to potentially be a donor, as well as provide access to swab kits.

There are two other ways for people to participate.

One is to text MSOUWB22to61474for a swab kit to be sent in the mail the return the swabs to Be The Match by Nov. 15.

Another is to use this link to register online and request a swab kit.

Williams says the goal is to register as many people as possible. As an extra incentive, OUWB is competing with medical schools from Central Michigan University, Indiana University, and Wayne State University.

The school that secures the most registrations by Nov. 15 will win bragging rights, according to Williams.

OUWB won the competition in 2020, and Williams says she is looking forward to the results from this year.

Were going to bring it home, she says.

For more information, contact Andrew Dietderich, marketing writer, OUWB, at adietderich@oakland.edu.

To request an interview, visit the OUWB Communications & Marketingwebpage.

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Competition heats up between OUWB, other med schools in bone marrow drive - News at OU