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CHMP issues a positive opinion recommending full approval of Oncopeptides Pepaxti in EU for patients with triple class refractory multiple myeloma -…

By adminJune 29, 2022Stem Cell Medical Center

STOCKHOLM, June 23, 2022 /PRNewswire/ --Oncopeptides AB (publ) (Nasdaq Stockholm: ONCO), a biotech company focused on research and development of therapies for difficult-to-treat hematological diseases, today announces that the European Medicines Agency's (EMA) Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP), has unanimously adopted a positive opinion recommending a full marketing authorization approval (MAA) of Pepaxti (melphalan flufenamide, also called melflufen) in EU. The European Commission (EC) will make a legally binding decision based on the EMA recommendation within 60 days. Once granted by EC, the marketing authorization is valid in all EU member states, as well as in the European Economic Area (EEA) countries Iceland, Lichtenstein, and Norway.

The positive opinion is based on data from the phase 2 HORIZON study and is supported by data from the randomized controlled phase 3 OCEAN study which was utilized as confirmatory study. No specific post-marketing commitments were issued. Oncopeptides intends to submit a type II variation in Q4 2022 to enable access to earlier lines of treatment for patients with relapsed refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM).

Pepaxti is indicated, in combination with dexamethasone, for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least three prior lines of therapies, whose disease is refractory to at least one proteasome inhibitor, one immunomodulatory agent, and one anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, and who have demonstrated disease progression on or after the last therapy. For patients with a prior autologous stem cell transplantation, the time to progression should be at least 3 years from transplantation.

"Pepaxti helps patients with multiple myeloma, an incurable hematologic cancer. Today's positive CHMP opinion confirms that Pepaxti provides benefit to these patients and is foundational for the future of Oncopeptides and our development pipeline," says Jakob Lindberg, CEO of Oncopeptides. "Based on the scientific evaluation by EMA, our dialogue with the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has now been intensified to achieve a clear path forward also for US patients."

Efficacy results for triple-class refractory patients who have received at least 3prior lines of therapies and who had no ASCT or progressed more than 36 months after an ASCT in the HORIZON study

Response (n=52)

HORIZON study(assessed by investigator)

Overall response rate (ORR), 95% CI (%)

28.8% (17.1%, 43.1%)

Duration of response (DOR) 95% CI (months)

7.6 (3.0-12.3)

Time to response (TTR) (months)

2.3 (1.0-10.5)

"The recommendation for full approval of Pepaxti by EMA is really good news for patients with triple class refractory disease, where the unmet medical need remains high and treatment options often are exhausted," says Pieter Sonneveld, professor of Hematology at the Erasmus University Medical Center in Rotterdam, the Netherlands and principal investigator of the OCEAN study.

"EMAs assessment of Pepaxti corroborates our scientific conclusion that the overall survival result in the OCEAN study constitutes a case of true survival heterogeneity which is reflected in the indication statement in accordance with the agencys guidelines," says Klaas Bakker, MD, PhD, Executive Vice President, and Chief Medical Officer. "In addition, EMA confirms that there are no toxicological safety signals in both studies and there is a positive benefit risk profile in the indicated patient population. The non-transplanted, often older patient population, which represents the largest group of RRMM patients, particularly benefits from treatment with Pepaxti."

As previously disclosed, Oncopeptides has an EIB loan facility. Oncopeptides and EIB are currently in negotiations, to update tranche definitions to reflect the current regulatory situation. In addition, the Company is considering additional financing options to capture the opportunities with the upcoming EU-approval. This may include new share issues and other public or private financing options.

Oncopeptides will advance market access activities after an approval by the European Commission, to pave the way for a successful launch of Pepaxti in Germany in Q4, 2022. The Company is actively considering various options to commercialize the drug, making it available for patients across Europe, and maximizing shareholder value.

Conference call for investors, analysts, and media

Investors, financial analysts, and media are invited to participate in a webcast with a Q&A session on June 27, 2022, at 11:00 (CET). The event will be hosted by CEO Jakob Lindberg, CMO Klaas Bakker and CFO Annika Muskantor.

Webcast

The webcast will be streamed via https://tv.streamfabriken.com/2022-pressconference. The link can also be found on the website: http://www.oncopeptides.com.

Dial-in number

SE: +46856642695 UK: +443333009270 US: +16467224902

For further information, please contact:

Rolf Gulliksen, Global Head of Corporate Communications, Oncopeptides AB (publ) E-post: [emailprotected] Mobil: + 46 70262 96 28

The information in the press release is information that Oncopeptides is obliged to make public pursuant to the EU Market Abuse Regulation. The information was submitted for publication, through the agency of the contact person above, on June 23, 2022, at 17:55 (CET).

About Pepaxti

Pepaxti (melphalan flufenamide, also called melflufen) is a lipophilic peptide conjugated alkylating drug that rapidly and selectively is delivering cytotoxic agents into tumor cells. The drug is composed of a di-peptide and an alkylating moiety. The lipophilicity allows a faster cellular uptake whereas the peptide hydrolysis mediated by aminopeptidases, results in accumulation of alkylating moieties in cancer cells. This results in an improved efficacy without an increased toxicity compared to melphalan. Pepaxti inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of haematopoietic and solid tumour cells. It shows synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with dexamethasone in melphalan resistant and non-resistant multiple myeloma cell lines.

Pepaxti is indicated in combination with dexamethasone, for the treatment of adult patients with multiple myeloma who have received at least three prior lines of therapy, whose disease is refractory to at least one proteasome inhibitor, one immunomodulatory agent, and one anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, and who have demonstrated disease progression on or after the last therapies. For patients with a prior autologous stem cell transplantation, the time to progression should be at least 3 years from transplantation.

About Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a cancer that originates in plasma cells, a type of white blood cells which produce antibodies to help fight infection, and cause cancer cells to accumulate in the bone marrow. Multiple Myeloma is the second most common hematologic malignancy, and accounts for approximately 1-2% of all new cancer cases, with a global incidence rate of 1.7 per 100,000 and an age-standardized incidence rate of 2.1-3.4 per 100,000 in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the UK. An estimated 35,842 patients were diagnosed in the EU27 during 2020, with an estimated 23,275 deaths due to the disease (ECIS 2020).

Patients with multiple myeloma may have symptom-free periods, but the disease always relapses, and patients may become refractory to all available treatment options due to mutations and/or clonal evolution of the tumor cells.A growing subset of patients are triple-class refractory, and develop disease refractory to immunomodulatory drugs, proteasome inhibitors, and CD38- targeting monoclonal antibodies. These patients have a very short expected overall survival.

About Oncopeptides

Oncopeptides is a biotech company focused on research and development of pharmaceuticals for difficult-to-treat haematological diseases. The company uses its proprietary PDC platform to develop peptide-drug conjugated compounds that rapidly and selectively deliver cytotoxic agents into cancer cells. The first drug coming from the PDC platform, Pepaxto (INN melphalan flufenamide), was granted accelerated approval in the U.S., on February 26, 2021, in combination with dexamethasone, for treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Due to regulatory hurdles the product is currently not marketed in the U.S. On June 23, 2022, CHMP adopted a positive opinion recommending full approval of Oncopeptides Pepaxti (melphalan flufenamide), in EU in patients with triple class refractory multiple myeloma. Oncopeptides is developing several new compounds based on the PDC platform. The company is listed in the Mid Cap segment on Nasdaq Stockholm with the ticker ONCO. More information is available onwww.oncopeptides.com.

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CHMP issues a positive opinion recommending full approval of Oncopeptides Pepaxti in EU for patients with triple class refractory multiple myeloma -...

Simple Anatomy of the Retina by Helga Kolb Webvision

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

Helga Kolb

1. Overview.

When an ophthalmologist uses an ophthalmoscope to look into your eye he sees the following view of the retina (Fig. 1).

In the center of the retina is the optic nerve, a circular to oval white area measuring about 2 x 1.5 mm across. From the center of the optic nerve radiates the major blood vessels of the retina. Approximately 17 degrees (4.5-5 mm), or two and half disc diameters to the left of the disc, can be seen the slightly oval-shaped, blood vessel-free reddish spot, the fovea, which is at the center of the area known as the macula by ophthalmologists.

A circular field of approximately 6 mm around the fovea is considered the central retina while beyond this is peripheral retina stretching to the ora serrata, 21 mm from the center of the retina (fovea). The total retina is a circular disc of between 30 and 40 mm in diameter (Polyak, 1941; Van Buren, 1963; Kolb, 1991).

The retina is approximately 0.5 mm thick and lines the back of the eye. The optic nerve contains the ganglion cell axons running to the brain and, additionally, incoming blood vessels that open into the retina to vascularize the retinal layers and neurons (Fig. 1.1). A radial section of a portion of the retina reveals that the ganglion cells (the output neurons of the retina) lie innermost in the retina closest to the lens and front of the eye, and the photosensors (the rods and cones) lie outermost in the retina against the pigment epithelium and choroid. Light must, therefore, travel through the thickness of the retina before striking and activating the rods and cones (Fig. 1.1). Subsequently the absorbtion of photons by the visual pigment of the photoreceptors is translated into first a biochemical message and then an electrical message that can stimulate all the succeeding neurons of the retina. The retinal message concerning the photic input and some preliminary organization of the visual image into several forms of sensation are transmitted to the brain from the spiking discharge pattern of the ganglion cells.

A simplistic wiring diagram of the retina emphasizes only the sensory photoreceptors and the ganglion cells with a few interneurons connecting the two cell types such as seen in Figure 2.

Fig. 2. Simple organization of the retina

When an anatomist takes a vertical section of the retina and processes it for microscopic examination it becomes obvious that the retina is much more complex and contains many more nerve cell types than the simplistic scheme (above) had indicated. It is immediately obvious that there are many interneurons packed into the central part of the section of retina intervening between the photoreceptors and the ganglion cells (Fig 3).

All vertebrate retinas are composed of three layers of nerve cell bodies and two layers of synapses (Fig. 4). The outer nuclear layer contains cell bodies of the rods and cones, the inner nuclear layer contains cell bodies of the bipolar, horizontal and amacrine cells and the ganglion cell layer contains cell bodies of ganglion cells and displaced amacrine cells. Dividing these nerve cell layers are two neuropils where synaptic contacts occur (Fig. 4).

The first area of neuropil is the outer plexiform layer (OPL) where connections between rod and cones, and vertically running bipolar cells and horizontally oriented horizontal cells occur (Figs. 5 and 6).

The second neuropil of the retina, is the inner plexiform layer (IPL), and it functions as a relay station for the vertical-information-carrying nerve cells, the bipolar cells, to connect to ganglion cells (Figs. 7 and 8). In addition, different varieties of horizontally- and vertically-directed amacrine cells, somehow interact in further networks to influence and integrate the ganglion cell signals. It is at the culmination of all this neural processing in the inner plexiform layer that the message concerning the visual image is transmitted to the brain along the optic nerve.

2. Central and peripheral retina compared.

Central retina close to the fovea is considerably thicker than peripheral retina (compare Figs. 9 and 10). This is due to the increased packing density of photoreceptors, particularly the cones, and their associated bipolar and ganglion cells in central retina compared with peripheral retina.

3. Muller glial cells.

Muller cells are the radial glial cells of the retina (Fig. 11). The outer limiting membrane (OLM) of the retina is formed from adherens junctions between Muller cells and photoreceptor cell inner segments. The inner limiting membrane (ILM) of the retina is likewise composed of laterally contacting Muller cell end feet and associated basement membrane constituents.

The OLM forms a barrier between the subretinal space, into which the inner and outer segments of the photoreceptors project to be in close association with the pigment epithelial layer behind the retina, and the neural retina proper. The ILM is the inner surface of the retina bordering the vitreous humor and thereby forming a diffusion barrier between neural retina and vitreous humor (Fig. 11).

4. Foveal structure.

The center of the fovea is known as the foveal pit (Polyak, 1941) and is a highly specialized region of the retina different again from central and peripheral retina we have considered so far. Radial sections of this small circular region of retina measuring less than a quarter of a millimeter (200 microns) across is shown below for human (Fig. 12a) and for monkey (Fig.12b).

The fovea lies in the middle of the macula area of the retina to the temporal side of the optic nerve head (Fig. 13a, A, B). It is an area where cone photoreceptors are concentrated at maximum density, with exclusion of the rods, and arranged at their most efficient packing density which is in a hexagonal mosaic. This is more clearly seen in a tangential section through the foveal cone inner segments (Fig. 13b).

Fig 13a. A) fundus photo of a normal human macula, optic nerve and blood vessels around the fovea. B) Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the same normal macular in the area that is boxed in green above (A). The foveal pit (arrow) and the sloping foveal walls with dispelled inner retina neurons (green and red cells) are clearly seen. Blue cells are the packed photoreceptors, primarily cones, above the foveal center (pit).

Below this central 200 micron diameter central foveal pit, the other layers of the retina are displaced concentrically leaving only the thinnest sheet of retina consisting of the cone cells and some of their cell bodies (right and left sides of Figs. 12a and 12b). This is particularly well seen in optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the living eye and retina (Fig. 13a, B). Radially distorted but complete layering of the retina then appears gradually along the foveal slope until the rim of the fovea is made up of the displaced second- and third-order neurons related to the central cones. Here the ganglion cells are piled into six layers so making this area, called the foveal rim or parafovea (Polyak, 1941), the thickest portion of the entire retina.

5. Macula lutea.

The whole foveal area including foveal pit, foveal slope, parafovea and perifovea is considered the macula of the human eye. Familiar to ophthalmologists is a yellow pigmentation to the macular area known as the macula lutea (Fig. 14).

This pigmentation is the reflection from yellow screening pigments, the xanthophyll carotenoids zeaxanthin and lutein (Balashov and Bernstein, 1998), present in the cone axons of the Henle fibre layer. The macula lutea is thought to act as a short wavelength filter, additional to that provided by the lens (Rodieck, 1973). As the fovea is the most essential part of the retina for human vision, protective mechanisms for avoiding bright light and especially ultraviolet irradiation damage are essential. For, if the delicate cones of our fovea are destroyed we become blind.

The yellow pigment that forms the macula lutea in the fovea can be clearly demonstrated by viewing a section of the fovea in the microscope with blue light (Fig. 15). The dark pattern in the foveal pit extending out to the edge of the foveal slope is caused by the macular pigment distribution (Snodderly et al., 1984).

Fig. 16. Appearance of the cone mosaic in the fovea with and without macula lutea

If one were to visualize the foveal photoreceptor mosaic as though the visual pigments in the individual cones were not bleached, one would see the picture shown in Figure 16 (lower frame) (picture from Lall and Cone, 1996). The short-wavelength sensitive cones on the foveal slope look pale yellow green, the middle wavelength cones, pink and the long wavelength sensitive cones, purple. If we now add the effect of the yellow screening pigment of the macula lutea we see the appearance of the cone mosaic in Figure 16 (upper frame). The macula lutea helps enhance achromatic resolution of the foveal cones and blocks out harmful UV light irradiation (Fig. 16 from Abner Lall and Richard Cone, unpublished data).

6. Ganglion cell fiber layer.

The ganglion cell axons run in the nerve fiber layer above the inner limiting membrane towards the optic nerve head in a arcuate form (Fig. 00, streaming pink fibers). The fovea is, of course, free of a nerve fiber layer as the inner retina and ganglion cells are pushed away to the foveal slope. The central ganglion cell fibers run around the foveal slope and sweep in the direction of the optic nerve. Peripheral ganglion cell axons continue this arcing course to the optic nerve with a dorso/ventral split along the horizontal meridian (Fig. 00). Retinal topography is maintained in the optic nerve, through the lateral geniculate to the visual cortex.

Fig. 00. Schematic representation of the course of ganglion cell axons in the retina. The retinotopic origin of these nerve fibers is respected throughout the visual pathway. (Modified from Harrington DO, Drake MV. The visual fields. 6th ed. St. Louis: CV Mosby; 1990, with permission)

7. Blood supply to the retina.

There are two sources of blood supply to the mammalian retina: the central retinal artery and the choroidal blood vessels. The choroid receives the greatest blood flow (65-85%) (Henkind et al., 1979) and is vital for the maintainance of the outer retina (particularly the photoreceptors) and the remaining 20-30% flows to the retina through the central retinal artery from the optic nerve head to nourish the inner retinal layers. The central retinal artery has 4 main branches in the human retina (Fig. 17).

The arterial intraretinal branches then supply three layers of capillary networks i.e. 1) the radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) and 2) an inner and 3) an outer layer of capillaries (Fig. 18a). The precapillary venules drain into venules and through the corresponding venous system to the central retinal vein (Fig. 18b).

The radial peripapillary capillaries (RPCs) are the most superfical layer of capillaries lying in the inner part of the nerve fiber layer, and run along the paths of the major superotemporal and inferotemporal vessels 4-5 mm from the optic disk (Zhang, 1994). The RPCs anatomose with each other and the deeper capillaries. The inner capillaries lie in the ganglion cell layers under and parallel to the RPCs. The outer capillary network runs from the inner plexiform layer to the outer plexiform layer thought the inner nuclear layer (Zhang, 1974).

As will be noticed from the flourescein angiography of Figure 17, there as a ring of blood vessels in the macular area around a blood vessel- and capillary-free zone 450-600 um in diameter, denoting the fovea. The macular vessels arise from branches of the superior temporal and inferotemporal arteries. At the border of the avascular zone the capillaries become two layered and finally join as a single layered ring. The collecting venules are more deep (posterior) to the arterioles and drain blood flow back into the main veins (Fig. 19, from Zhang, 1974). In the rhesus monkey this perimacular ring and blood vessel free fovea is clearly seen in the beautiful drawings made by Max Snodderlys group (Fig. 20, Sodderly et al., 1992.)

The choroidal arteries arise from long and short posterior ciliary arteries and branches of Zinns circle (around the optic disc). Each of the posterior ciliary arteries break up into fan-shaped lobules of capillaries that supply localized regions of the choroid (Hayreh, 1975). The macular area of the choroidal vessels are not specialized like the retinal blood supply is (Zhang, 1994). The arteries pierce the sclera around the optic nerve and fan out to form the three vascular layers in the choroid: outer (most scleral), medial and inner (nearest Bruchs membrane of the pigment epithelium) layers of blood vessels. This is clearly shown in the corrosion cast of a cut face of the human choroid in Figure 21a (Zhang, 1974). The corresponding venous lobules drain into the venules and veins that run anterior towards the equator of the eyeball to enter the vortex veins (Fig. 21b). One or two vortex veins drain each of the 4 quadrants of the eyeball. The vortex veins penetrate the sclera and merge into the ophthalmic vein as shown in the corrosion cast of Figure 21b (Zhang. 1994).

8. Degenerative diseases of the human retina.

The human retina is a delicate organization of neurons, glia and nourishing blood vessels. In some eye diseases, the retina becomes damaged or compromised, and degenerative changes set in that eventally lead to serious damage to the nerve cells that carry the vital mesages about the visual image to the brain. We indicate four different conditions where the retina is diseased and blindness may be the end result. Much more information concerning pathology of the whole eye and retina can be found in a website made by eye pathologist Dr. Nick Mamalis, Moran Eye Center.

Age related macular degeneration is a common retinal problem of the aging eye and a leading cause of blindness in the world. The macular area and fovea become compromised due to the pigment epithelium behind the retina degenerating and forming drusen (white spots, Fig. 22) and allowing leakage of fluid behind the fovea. The cones of the fovea die causing central visual loss so we cannot read or see fine detail.

Glaucoma (Fig. 23) is also a common problem in aging, where the pressure within the eye becomes elevated. The pressure rises because the anterior chamber of the eye cannot exchange fluid properly by the normal aqueous outflow methods. The pressure within the vitreous chamber rises and compromises the blood vessels of the optic nerve head and eventually the axons of the ganglion cells so that these vital cells die. Treatment to reduce the intraocular pressure is essential in glaucoma.

Retinits pigmentosa (Fig. 24) is a nasty hereditary disease of the retina for which there is no cure at present. It comes in many forms and consists of large numbers of genetic mutations presently being analysed. Most of the faulty genes that have been discoverd concern the rod photoreceptors. The rods of the peripheral retina begin to degenerate in early stages of the disease. Patients become night blind gradually as more and more of the peripheral retina (where the rods reside) becomes damaged. Eventally patients are reduced to tunnel vision with only the fovea spared the disease process. Characteristic pathology is the occurence of black pigment in the peripheral retina and thinned blood vessels at the optic nerve head (Fig. 24).

Diabetic retinopathy is a side effect of diabetes that affects the retina and can cause blindness (Fig. 25). The vital nourishing blood vessels of the eye become compromised, distorted and multiply in uncontrollable ways. Laser treatment for stopping blood vessel proliferation and leakage of fluid into the retina, is the commonest treatment at present.

9. References.

Balashov NA, Bernstein PS. Purification and identification of the components of the human macular carotenoid metabolism pathways.Invest Ophthal Vis Sci.1998;39:s38.

Hageman GS, Johnson LV. The photoreceptor-retinal pigmented epithelium interface. In: Heckenlively JR, Arden GB, editors. Principles and practice of clinical electrophysiology of vision. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book; 1991. p. 53-68.

Harrington, D.O. and Drake, M.V. (1990) The Visual Fields, 6th ed. Mosby. St. Louis.

Hayreh SS. Segmental nature of the choroidal vasculature.Br J Ophthal.1975;59:631648.[PubMed] [Free Full text in PMC]

Henkind P, Hansen RI, Szalay J. Ocular circulation. In: Records RE, editor. Physiology of the human eye and visual system. New York: Harper & Row; 1979. p. 98-155.

Kolb H. The neural organization of the human retina. In: Heckenlively JR, Arden GB, editors. Principles and practices of clinical electrophysiology of vision. St. Louis: Mosby Year Book Inc.; 1991. p. 25-52.

Polyak SL. The retina. Chicago: University of Chicago Press; 1941.

Rodieck RW. The vertebrate retina: principles of structure and function. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company; 1973.

Snodderly DM, Auran JD, Delori FC. The macular pigment. II. Spatial distribution in primate retina.Invest Ophthal Vis Sci.1984;25:674685.[PubMed]

Snodderly DM, Weinhaus RS, Choi JC. Neural-vascular relationships in central retina of Macaque monkeys (Macaca fascicularis).J Neurosci.1992;12:11691193.[PubMed]

Van Buren JM. The retinal ganglion cell layer. Springfield (IL): Charles C. Thomas; 1963.

Yamada E. Some structural features of the fovea centralis in the human retina.Arch Ophthal.1969;82:151159.[PubMed]

Zhang HR. Scanning electron-microscopic study of corrosion casts on retinal and choroidal angioarchitecture in man and animals.Prog Ret Eye Res.1994;13:243270.

Helga Kolb

Last Updated: October 8, 2011.

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Simple Anatomy of the Retina by Helga Kolb Webvision

Major Research Groupings | Institute Of Infectious Disease and …

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

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Secrets of Permanent Blindness Revealed by Stem-cell Research – The Epoch Times

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

Research into the retina and optic nerve using stem-cell models has unveiled specific genetic markers of glaucomathe worlds leading cause of permanent blindness possibly opening up new treatments for the condition.

Glaucoma is a blanket term describing a group of eye conditions that do damage to the retinal ganglion cellsneurons near the inner eye that make up the optic nerve. The optic nerve is the part of the eye that receives light and transmits it to the brain; thus, the damage that glaucoma does leads to permanent blindness. Thecondition is predicted to affect around 80 million people by 2040, yet treatments are extremely limited.

This study linked 97 genetic clusters to the damage done by the most common form of glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma or POAG, revealing important genetic components that control the way the condition attacks. POAG is a genetically complicated condition that is likely hereditary and, at the moment, cannot be stopped or reversed. The only treatment of POAG available involves releasing pressure on the eye, and this will only slow down the condition.

The research project was led jointly by the Garvan Institute of Medical Research, the University of Melbourne, and the Centre for Eye Research Glaucoma.

We saw how the genetic causes of glaucoma act in single cells, and how they vary in different people, said joint lead author of the study and Melbourne University academic, Prof. Joseph Powell, in a Garvan Institutemedia release.

Current treatments can only slow the loss of vision, but this understanding is the first step towards drugs that target individual cell types, Powell said.

The research behind the discoverywas published in the journalCell Genomicsand wasthe result of a lengthy collaboration between Australian medical research centres involving the investigation of complicated diseases and their underlying genetic causes, using stem-cell modelling; which the researchers said demonstrated the success of this study and the power of this approach.

Previously, glaucoma research was limited because samples of the optic nerve could not be obtained from participants in a non-invasive fashion. However, stem-cell modelling addressed this issue as it allowed researchers to develop optic nerve samples from skin, a much easier part of the body to extract.

The team administered skin biopsies on183 participants, 91 of whom had advanced primary open-angle glaucoma, to gather skin cells that they could reprogram to revert into stem cells and then guide into becoming retinal cells. Of the 183 samples collected, 110 samples, 54 from participants with POAG, were successfully converted from skin cells into retinal, and over 200,000 of these converted cells were sequenced to generate molecular signatures.

The researchers of this study employedsingle-cell RNA genetic sequencing in order to study individual cells. This form of sequencing creates an incredibly detailed genetic map, which looks for genetic variations that affect the expressionthe process of turning instructions from DNA into functional products like proteins of one or more genes. Through identifying these key genes, further deductions on the influence that genetic variations have on glaucoma can be made.

The signatures of those with and without glaucoma were compared to establish key genetic components that control the way that glaucoma attacks the retina.

The researchers first identified, using the signatures of both those with and without glaucoma,312 genetic variants associated with the ganglion cells that eventually degenerate in a person living with POAG. Further analysis of the genes associated with POAG linked the 97 clusters mentioned above to the damage done by glaucoma.

Another joint-lead author of the paper and Melbourne University professor, Alice Pebay, said that by studying glaucoma in retinal cells, a context-specific profile of the disease was created.

We wanted to see how glaucoma acts in retinal cells specificallyrather than in a blood sample, for instanceso we can identify the key genetic mechanisms to target, Pebay said.

Equally, we need to know which genetic variations are healthy and normal, so we can exclude them from a treatment.

To improve the understanding of complex conditions such as glaucoma, researchers noted it was important to establish a profile of the disease which promotesthe understanding of causes, risks and fundamental mechanisms of diseases. Furthermore, genetic investigations are critical to drug development and pre-clinical trials because they assist in constructing complete human models of diseases.

University of Tasmania professor and a third joint-lead author of the paper,Alex Hewitt said that the findings of this study set up future research into novel glaucoma treatments.

Not only can scientists develop more tailored drugs, but we could potentially use the stem-cell models to test hundreds of drugs in pre-clinical assays, said Hewitt.

This method could also be used to assess drug efficacy in a personalised manner to assess whether a glaucoma treatment would be effective for a specific patient.

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Secrets of Permanent Blindness Revealed by Stem-cell Research - The Epoch Times

New insights in stem cell therapy – Research Matters

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

Undoubtedly, ageing is a medically relevant phenomenon far too complicated to understand under the given laboratory conditions. Despite the human genome being available now for almost two decades, even the remotest possibility to delay, let alone halt the ageing-related diseases has been hard to come by. Scientists around the world are trying to demystify this biological enigma, and one such attempt has been made by researchers at Savitribai Phule Pune University.

In a recent study led by Dr Geetanjali Tomar of Savitribai Phule Pune University, the researchers explored if mesenchymal stem cells derived from gingiva, or gum, tissues (Gingiva-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells or GMSCs) of a human donor can be used to repair tissues or control the immune response in the human body. Mesenchymal stem cells are a type of stem cell that can potentially transform into any kind of cell in the body. One of the key challenges to using such tissues was how the donors age affects the growth, physical characteristics and their potential to form different types of body cells an important indicator of any stem cells. The researchers found that the donors age does not affect these factors.

The use of human gingival tissues as stem cells has gained traction over the past decade because they are easier to harvest, easy for a donor to donate and have a relatively high yield. But whether these tissues can function as stem cells for therapy involving tissue regeneration and immunoregulation was a question that has remained elusive so far.

The researchers divided the gingival tissues into three groups based on donor age: group A (1331 years), group B (3755 years), and group C (5980 years). Both quality and quantity of mesenchymal stem cells from other tissues, including bone marrow, fat tissue, and other supporting tissues surrounding the teeth, are known to be affected by the donors age. However, the researchers found that the donors age does not affect the quality or quantity of the GMSCs, a property that could be leveraged for treating diseases.

One of the important characteristics of stem cells is how they look physically, especially when taken outside the body and grown under laboratory conditions. The study indicated that donor age did not affect the physical property of these cells. All the harvested cells maintained their biological nature to form supporting tissues and efficiently formed colonies or aggregates of cells necessary for stem cell function.

Surface markers are special types of proteins expressed on the surface of cells that help identify and isolate particular groups of stem cells. The current study found that GMSCs from all age groups expressed these surface markers without contamination from other kinds of cells.

A key challenge in using stem cells is that the ageing of the donor depletes the pool of stem cells and results in a significant reduction in their function. This process is referred to as senescence. The current study found that the GMSCs from young donors tend to progress faster towards ageing, while adult GMSCs tend to have a reduced rate of ageing in the laboratory. These results were interesting in the sense that somehow the adult GMSCs have a built-in mechanism to get rid of senescent cells and maintain a healthy pool of stem cells. The researchers also saw an increased level of biological indicators that point to increased cell senescence by either cell death or cell self-destruction.

The findings related to senescence were further supported by increased expression of a gene responsible for preventing cell multiplication in the adult GMSCs (group C), indicating that the cell had an efficient mechanism of avoiding DNA damage and reduced chances of senescence-associated tumour formation. GMSCs also promote the expression of growth factors that compensates for the senescence-induced cell population decline or any other ageing-associated stress conditions. This is an efficient mechanism to maintain stable tissue conditions and a healthy stem pool in the gingival tissue.

This maintenance of tissue homeostasis is also aided by cell migration (directed movement of a single cell or cell population) to maintain a healthy stem cell pool. The study found that the donors age does not significantly affect the movement of cells to the site of damage, indicating that the growth and physical characteristics of GMSCs remained largely unaffected by the donors age.

The researchers then looked at the functional characterization of these GMSC in terms of whether these stem cells can grow into different cell types. The study showed that these GMSCs are favourably transformed into neuronal cells, but transformation into cells that could form fat cells or bone cells was less favoured. This ability to form different types of cells was not dependent on the age of the donor, though researchers did find that some stages of forming bone tissue, such as the formation of supporting tissue and mineralization, did decline with age.

To test the therapeutic potential of GMSCs, the researchers wanted to understand whether these cells exhibit any behaviour that can change the bodys immune system either activate or suppress it. They found that GMSCs can potentially change how the immune system behaves. However, the immunosuppressive behaviour of the GMSCs declined with their age. However, the results were not significant enough, so the GMSCs could still be said to modify the immune system.

GMSCs and SARS-CoV2

The researchers then tried to mimic the conditions of lungs when exposed to SARS-CoV-2, characterised mostly by lung inflammation, infiltration of neutrophils (a kind of blood cell that helps fight infection), and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Under such conditions, the researchers found that the administration of GMSCs significantly reduced neutrophils in induced acute lung infection, indicating their high immunosuppressive behaviour. These results also corroborated with the reduction of other potential markers of tissue inflammation necessary to prevent cell growth and tumour prevention.

The administration of GMSCs from all age groups of donors was found to improve almost all parameters of lung injury, indicating that if these GMSCs were implemented for stem cell therapy in human patients, it would significantly improve the overall lung conditions.

While a single dose of GMSCs administration was followed in the study, the researchers do suggest that multiple rounds of administration followed by more extended observation periods could provide better insights into the age-related immunoregulatory and regenerative behaviour of GMSCs. This immunomodulatory behaviour of GMSCs could be a potential treatment for SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage, particularly in the aged population. However, to achieve such a realisation, more experiments followed by large-scale clinical trials would be needed.

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New insights in stem cell therapy - Research Matters

Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market projected CAGR of 5.2% for the next ten years (2022-2032) Persistence Market Research – GlobeNewswire

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

New York, June 27, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The global animal stem cell therapy market recorded sales of around US$ 249.9 Mn in 2021 and the market is predicted to experience healthy growth over the years ahead at a CAGR of 5.2% (2022 to 2032).

Animal stem cell therapies are treatments for disorders such as arthritis, soft tissue injuries, traumatic fractures, tendonitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and others that are given to animals. Hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells are used in these treatment procedures.

As the focus on giving animals a better quality of life grows, so does the adoption of such therapies across the world. The market for animal stem cell therapy is predicted to continuously increase owing to the growing need for higher levels of veterinary care.

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Regulatory bodies are also encouraging veterinary regenerative medicine research & development.

The European Commission has approved a few stem cell-based products within the region.

The animal stem cell therapy market is moderately fragmented with a few key market players and presents numerous opportunities for new market entrants to create a foothold in the industry. Increased pet adoption rate can be a beneficial factor for manufacturers of stem cells to expand into emerging markets.

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Key Takeaways from Market Study

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With rising disposable incomes and higher adoption rate of pet animals, the global market for animal stem cell therapy is set to gain traction over the coming years, says an analyst of Persistence Market Research.

Market Competition

Key animal stem cell therapy providers are investing in innovating veterinary regenerative medicines and they are also coming up with new product launches for the well-being of animals.

Along with product innovation, market players are also aiming for various collaborations to strengthen their R&D in the field of animal stem cell therapy.

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What Does the Report Cover?

Persistence Market Research offers a unique perspective and actionable insights on the animal stem cell therapy market in its latest study, presenting historical demand assessment of 2012 2021 and projections for 2022 2032.

The research study is based on product type (hemopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells), source (allogeneic and autologous), indication (osteoarthritis, soft tissue injuries, traumatic fractures, tendonitis, inflammatory bowel disease, and others), species (canine, feline, and equine), and end user (veterinary hospitals, veterinary clinics, and veterinary research institutes), across seven key regions of the world.

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Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market projected CAGR of 5.2% for the next ten years (2022-2032) Persistence Market Research - GlobeNewswire

‘A new Alzheimer’s treatment is on the horizon’: Cell therapy reverses dementia-like syndrome in dogs – BioPharma-Reporter.com

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

The biotechs all new neurorestorative approach aims to rebuild and replace lost brain cells in Alzheimers that underlies clinical symptoms.

On the back of the trial, the company plans to launch a world-first human trial in 2024.

The veterinary trial, led by Skin2Neuron and published this month in Stem Cell Research and Therapy, reversed the dementia-like syndrome that strikes down many older pet dogs with Alzheimers.

Dementia was reversed in more than half of the canine patients, with a clinically meaningful improvement in 80%. Typically, improvement lasted around two years.

Skin2Neuron champions its new approach as a ray of hope for Alzheimers disease: championing a completely different approach to the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimers disease.

Our target is the ultimate cause of dementia: lost neurons and synapses. We do this by microinjecting a patients own HFN cells directly into the hippocampus, the brains memory center and first area to be devastated by Alzheimers, explains the company.

While its lead therapeutic target is Alzheimers, it says its technology also has potential to treat neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinsons disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and more.

A dogs thinking neocortex and hippocampus is similar to the human brain, says the company. Meanwhile, older dogs often develop a dementia syndrome similar to human dementia: becoming forgetful, irritable, lost, wandering around aimlessly, failing to recognize owners and experiencing disrupted sleep.

"Because of deep parallels between the canine brain and human brain, and canine Alzheimer's and human Alzheimer's, I started this trial 10 years ago with the assumption that if it's going to work in humans, then it needs to work in dogs first. And the results exceeded my wildest expectations, said co-founder Professor Michael Valenzuela.

"The hippocampus, the memory center of the brain, was packed with baby neurons and new synapses, precisely where we delivered the cells. Compared to untreated dogs, it was like night and day".

Microscopic analysis confirmed the dogs had classic Alzheimer pathology: meaning the cell therapy worked in the setting of natural disease, a first of its kind, according to the company.

"Given our doggie patients also had many of the same health issues that older people face, it gives me even greater confidence," said Valenzuela.

Study:Valenzuela, M., Duncan, T., Abey, A.et al.Autologous skin-derived neural precursor cell therapy reverses canine Alzheimer dementia-like syndrome in a proof of concept veterinary trial.Stem Cell Res Ther13,261 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13287-022-02933-w

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'A new Alzheimer's treatment is on the horizon': Cell therapy reverses dementia-like syndrome in dogs - BioPharma-Reporter.com

Satellos Bioscience pursues a revolutionary approach to treat muscle degeneration, give new hope to patients and parents – Financial Post

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

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The company is developing a pill that causes stem cells to regenerate muscle to battle debilitating Duchenne muscular dystrophy

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By Richard Dal Monte

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Raising children is full of surprises like the time your toddler takes their first step, or the day your preschooler starts speaking in rhyme. As pleasant as these moments might be, there are tragic and frightening surprises that parents never see coming.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), is one such surprise.

A rare genetic disease afflicting boys its found in about six per 100,000 individuals in North America and Europe, and symptoms usually present between two and three years of age DMD causes progressive muscle degeneration and weakness due to a non-functional protein called dystrophin, which helps keep muscle cells intact.

While existing treatments have helped extend life expectancy for people with DMD from their teens into their 20s and 30s, they are only temporary and dont address a critical issue: the inability of the muscles to regenerate.

Satellos Bioscience Inc. (TSXV: MSCL), a Canadian biotechnology company, is advancing game-changing science in skeletal muscle regeneration to improve the quality and duration of patients lives.

Our notion is that if we can restore muscle repair, well significantly reduce the severity and the progression of the disease

Michael Rudnicki, OC, PhD, co-founder and chief scientific officer, Satellos Bioscience Inc.

The key to slowing the progression of DMD is muscle regeneration

Founded in 2018 by biotech entrepreneurs Frank Gleeson and Michael Rudnicki, Satellos work is based on the research of Rudnicki, a senior scientist and the director of the Regenerative Medicine Program and the Sprott Centre for Stem Cell Research at the Ottawa Hospital Research Institute as well as a professor in the Department of Medicine at the University of Ottawa and CEO and scientific director of the Canadian Stem Cell Network.

The companys vision is to invent and develop medicines that reset the bodys innate ability for self-repair, aiming to create a treatment to solve muscle disorders, starting with Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Our notion is that if we can restore muscle repair, well significantly reduce the severity and the progression of the disease, Rudnicki says.

He explains that Satellos discovered that the loss of function in those who have DMD is the result of problems with how muscle stem cells divide, wherein a process known as cell polarity is defective.

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Satellos main program, then, is focused on developing a drug that would correct muscle stem cell polarity and restore the bodys innate muscle repair and regeneration process by sending a signal to the muscle stem cell.

Gleeson says, In our bodies, we have biochemical pathways of different kinds and these are essentially like communication towers or satellites that enable mobile phone users to talk to one another. Similarly, signals are relayed through proteins interacting with each other, sometimes through biochemical stimulation, sometimes through physical interaction and sometimes through a combination of the two. Weve identified communication pathways that signal to muscle stem cells to act in certain ways, and were identified errors in these signals that inhibit proper muscle stem cell function.

Were intervening in those biochemical pathways to correct the signalling and restore stem cell function. It is space-age stuff and at the same time, its grounded in elegant science and a deep understanding of the mechanisms in play.

End of 2023 could see human safety trials

Satellos identified these pathways using MyoReGenXTM, a proprietary discovery platform grounded in decades of pioneering muscle stem cell knowledge established by Rudnickis research lab. That platform allows Satellos to conduct research by removing muscle fibre from the body, preserved intact, and studying it for biochemical cues.

So far, researchers have done preclinical work on proof of concept by studying genetically engineered mice and have found no serious side effects from drug candidates. While they continue on that path, Satellos aims to proceed with human safety trials by the end of 2023 and, once its through the safety phase, Gleeson says its possible the company could approach the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for accelerated approval in 2025.

While this is early science, we dont believe were that far away from being able to offer something helpful to patients, he says. To the patients, of course, it seems another lifetime of waiting and were very sensitive to that. But, from where we are in the context of typical drug development of 10 years and a billion dollars, were not that far away. And were working every day to find safe ways to go there sooner.

We strongly believe that we offer to the community of DMD patients and their families the chance for a disease-modifying treatment, something that could meaningfully alter an individuals life.

Broad palette of potential treatments

Frank and I had a meeting of minds very early about the aim to develop small molecules that mobilize stem cells to stimulate regeneration in tissue as a way forward to treat diseases, as a way forward for regenerative medicine, Rudnicki says. Weve incubated that idea through many, many conversations over the years.

Thus, DMD isnt the only target for Satellos leading-edge science. Considering the possibilities for its treatments to address muscle regeneration opens up a spectrum of conditions that could be addressed.

Not only do we see this as a relevant to multiple wasting disorders, he says, we think that other stem cells in other parts of the body can be targeted in the retina, in the brain, in the gut, the blood systems.

Gleeson notes that there are about 30 different types of dystrophies alone, in addition to sports injuries, surgical recovery and aging concerns.

The palette is very, very broad, he says.

A smart investment while doing good

Because that palette is broad, so is the potential good Satellos research can do, and thats a key part of the companys attraction to investors.

As well, in addition to executing a reverse takeover with iCo Therapeutics Inc. as one step in a strategy to raise capital and build value for shareholders, Satellos was able to do a concurrent financing of $7.25 million, which allowed the company to ramp up its team and amplify its drug discovery and development efforts.

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David Bautz, a senior biotechnology analyst with Zacks Small Cap Research, says Satellos is way undervalued compared to other companies doing DMD research.

The gene therapy approach [of some other companies] is not working, so Satellos is trying something thats completely different, says Bautz, who has a PhD in biochemistry. The theory behind it is very exciting, in my opinion. Theyre seeing exciting things in preclinical models, which is a good start.

From that perspective, while still risky, I think a lot of that risk is taken away by the fact Satellos valuation currently is so low, he says. And clearly the market values companies that are doing DMD treatment.

Indeed, Gleeson says the companys strong leadership team has established relationships with advocacy groups such as Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy, which made a US$1 million investment in its research.

Adds Rudnicki, These patients really have a significant demand for help. If they can use their hands or limbs to be more self-sufficient, even for a couple more years, thats a huge improvement in quality of life And we are very hopeful we can do more.

This is about changing the lives of these children who are unable to walk and are going to die at a young age.

And the potential for Satellos and its MyoReGenX platform doesnt stop with DMD because there are dozens of other degenerative conditions in muscle tissues as well as other parts of the body that could prove good targets for Satellos technology, among them complications associated with aging.

Says Rudnicki: Not only do we see this as relevant to multiple wasting disorders, we think that other stem cells in other parts of the body can be targeted in the retina, for example, possibly even in the brain.

For more information on Satellos Bioscience, visit its website.

Make sure to follow Satellos on social media for the latest updates:

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There can be no guarantee that the Company will obtain the required regulatory authorization/s to commence clinical trials in humans on a timely basis, or at all. The Company may not be able to translate its novel discoveries into viable therapeutic treatments suitable for clinical development.

This story was provided by Market One Media Group for commercial purposes.

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Satellos Bioscience pursues a revolutionary approach to treat muscle degeneration, give new hope to patients and parents - Financial Post

Amendment added to PA budget bill would make Pitt, other universities stop fetal tissue research – WPXI Pittsburgh

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

Amendment added to Pennsylvania budget bill would make Pitt, other universities stop fetal tissue research

An amendment just added to the state budget bill would make the University of Pittsburgh promise that they would stop fetal tissue research.

Some politicians and doctors are differing on the topic.

On the heels of Roe v. Wade being overturned, State Representative Jerry Knowles is calling for several universities to stop doing fetal cell research.

Pitt is one of those universities, plus Temple, Lincoln and Penn State.

Pitt is expected to receive $155 million in the next year from grant money, and is known for their fetal cell research and work.

Rep. Knowles told Channel 11, I respect doctors. I dont claim to be a doctor, or a scientist. I dont think you need to be a doctor or a scientist to determine what is unethical, what is evil, and what is barbaric.

Its something local infectious disease physician Dr. Amesh Adalja disagrees with.

We have already seen benefits from stem cell research, and research that derives from fetus cells. Even some of the covid vaccines were developed. This is a life saving technology.

Pitt spokesperson Chuck Finder sent us a statement:

The University of Pittsburgh devotes every dollar of the general support appropriation it receives from the state to help support a tuition discount for Pennsylvania students and families. Were optimistic the legislature will preserve this investment in our students.

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Allegheny County council see standstill in forming independent police review board

Cell Expansion Market Projection By Top Key Players, Regional Analysis Revenue Forecast Till 2030 Designer Women – Designer Women

By adminJune 29, 2022Stell Cell Research

New York(United States):- According to Report Ocean research report Global Cell Expansion Market: Analysis By Product Type (Instruments, Consumables, Disposables), By Cell Type (Human Cell and Animal Cell), By Application (Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research and Cancer & Cell Based Research), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, and Middle East & Africa), (U.S, Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Japan, China, India): Opportunities and Forecast (2019 Edition): Forecast to 2024-, the cell expansion market is projected to display a robust growth represented by a CAGR of 17.33% during 2019 2024.

A comprehensive research report created through extensive primary research (inputs from industry experts, companies, stakeholders) and secondary research, the report aims to present the analysis of cell expansion market. The report analyses the Global Cell Expansion Market: Analysis By Product Type (Instruments, Consumables, Disposables), By Cell Type (Human Cell and Animal Cell), By Application (Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research and Cancer & Cell Based Research), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, and Middle East & Africa), (U.S, Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Japan, China, India): Opportunities and Forecast (2019 Edition): Forecast to 2024, for the historical period of 2018-2019 and the forecast period of 2019-2024.

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Over the recent years, cell expansion market has been witnessing considerable growth directly on the back of increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as cancer, diabetes, osteoarthritis, etc. Moreover, factors such as increasing investment in healthcare research, growing government initiatives, increasing adoption rate of new and technically instruments, rapidly evolving applicable segment market has been providing momentum to the overall market growth of cell expansion.

In addition, increasing demand for technically advanced products such as automated cell expansion systems and increasing number of cell GMP-certified cell expansion facilities are anticipated to fuel the market growth in forecasted period. However, recalls due to product failures have been hindering the market growth.

The report titled Global Cell Expansion Market: Analysis By Product Type (Instruments, Consumables, Disposables), By Cell Type (Human Cell and Animal Cell), By Application (Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research and Cancer & Cell Based Research), By Region (North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, and Middle East & Africa), (U.S, Canada, Germany, France, U.K., Japan, China, India): Opportunities and Forecast (2019 Edition): Forecast to 2024:-has covered and analysed the potential of cell expansion market and provides statistics and information on market size, shares and growth factors. The report intends to provide cutting-edge market intelligence and help decision makers take sound investment evaluation. Besides, the report also identifies and analyses the emerging trends along with major drivers, challenges and opportunities. Additionally, the report also highlights market entry strategies for various companies.

Scope of the Report

Global Cell Expansion Market (Actual Period: 2014-2018, Forecast Period: 2019-2024)

Cell Expansion Market Size, Growth, Forecast Analysis By Product Type:Instruments, Consumables, Disposables. Analysis By Cell Type:Human Cells and Animal Cells. Analysis By Application Type:Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research and Cancer & Cell Based Research. Regional Cell Expansion Market North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, South America, and Middle East & Africa (Actual Period: 2014-2018, Forecast Period: 2019-2024)

Cell Expansion Market Size, Growth, Forecast Analysis By Product Type: Instruments, Consumables, Disposables. Analysis By Cell Type:Human Cells and Animal Cells. Analysis By Application Type:Regenerative Medicine & Stem Cell Research and Cancer & Cell Based Research. Country Cell Expansion Market U.S., Canada, Germany, U.K, France, China, Japan, India (Actual Period: 2014-2018, Forecast Period: 2019-2024)

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Other Report HighlightsMarket Dynamics Drivers and Restraints. Market Trends. Porter Five Forces Analysis. SWOT Analysis.

Company Analysis Merck Millipore, Eppendorf, ThermoFisher Scientific, Becton Dickinson, Danaher Corporation, Corning Inc., Terumo Medical Corporation, CellGenix Technologie Transfer GmbH, Synthecon Inc., Stem Cell Technologies Inc.

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Cell Expansion Market Projection By Top Key Players, Regional Analysis Revenue Forecast Till 2030 Designer Women - Designer Women