Citius Pharmaceuticals to be Added to Russell 2000 Index – BioSpace

CRANFORD, N.J., June 7, 2021 /PRNewswire/ -- Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc. ("Citius" or the "Company") (Nasdaq: CTXR), a biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development and commercialization of first-in-class critical care products with a focus on anti-infective products in adjunct cancer care, unique prescription products and stem cell therapy, today announced that it is set to be added to the Russell 2000 Index at the conclusion of the Russell US Indexes annual reconstitution, effective at the opening of the U.S. equity markets on June 28, 2021.

"Our inclusion in the Russell index is an important milestone for Citius that reflects the continued progress we are making to develop and commercialize first-in-classtreatment options for patients around the world. We welcome the enhanced visibility of our diversified pipeline and long-term growth potential, and look forward to sharing our future milestones with a broader investment community," said Myron Holubiak, President and Chief Executive Officer of Citius.

FTSE Russell determines membership for its Russell indexes primarily by objective, market-capitalization rankings and style attributes. Membership in the small-cap Russell 2000 Index, which remains in place for one year, is based on membership in the broad-market Russell 3000Index. Citius stock will also be automatically added to the appropriate growth and value indexes.

Russell indexes are widely used by investment managers and institutional investors for index funds and as benchmarks for active investment strategies. Approximately $9 trillion in assets are benchmarked against Russell's US indexes. Russell indexes are part of FTSE Russell, a leading global index provider.

For more information on the Russell 2000 Index and the Russell indexes reconstitution, visit the FTSE Russell website.

About Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

Citius is a late-stage biopharmaceutical company dedicated to the development and commercialization of first-in-class critical care products, with a focus on anti-infectives in adjunct cancer care, unique prescription products, and stem cell therapy. The Company's lead product candidate, Mino-Lok, an antibiotic lock solution for the treatment of patients with catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs), is currently enrolling patients in a Phase 3 pivotal superiority trial. Mino-Lok was granted Fast Track designation by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Through its subsidiary, NoveCite, Inc., Citius is developing a novel proprietary mesenchymal stem cell treatment derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) for acute respiratory conditions, with a near-term focus on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) associated with COVID-19. For more information, please visit http://www.citiuspharma.com.

Safe Harbor

This press release may contain "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Such statements are made based on our expectations and beliefs concerning future events impacting Citius. You can identify these statements by the fact that they use words such as "will," "anticipate," "estimate," "expect," "plan," "should," and "may" and other words and terms of similar meaning or use of future dates. Forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and are subject to risks and uncertainties that could negatively affect our business, operating results, financial condition and stock price. Factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those currently anticipated are: risks relating to becoming included and remaining included in the Russell 2000 index; our ability to successfully undertake and complete clinical trials and the results from those trials for our product candidates; risks relating to the results of research and development activities; uncertainties relating to preclinical and clinical testing; the early stage of products under development; the estimated markets for our product candidates and the acceptance thereof by any market; the ability of our product candidates to impact the quality of life of our target patient populations; our need for substantial additional funds; market and other conditions; risks related to our growth strategy; patent and intellectual property matters; our ability to attract, integrate, and retain key personnel; our ability to obtain, perform under and maintain financing and strategic agreements and relationships; our ability to identify, acquire, close and integrate product candidates and companies successfully and on a timely basis; our dependence on third-party suppliers; our ability to procure cGMP commercial-scale supply; government regulation; competition; as well as other risks described in our SEC filings. These risks have been and may be further impacted by Covid-19. Accordingly, these forward-looking statements do not constitute guarantees of future performance, and you are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Risks regarding our business are described in detail in our Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") filings which are available on the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov, including in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2020, filed with the SEC on December 16, 2020 and updated by our subsequent filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission. These forward-looking statements speak only as of the date hereof, and we expressly disclaim any obligation or undertaking to release publicly any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statements contained herein to reflect any change in our expectations or any changes in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law.

Investor Relations for Citius Pharmaceuticals:

Andrew Scott Vice President, Special Projects T: 908-967-6677 x105 E: ascott@citiuspharma.com

Ilanit Allen Vice President, Corporate Communications and Investor Relations T: 908-967-6677 x113 E: iallen@citiuspharma.com

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SOURCE Citius Pharmaceuticals, Inc.

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Citius Pharmaceuticals to be Added to Russell 2000 Index - BioSpace

IN8bio Completes Treatment of First Cohort in Phase 1 Clinical Trial with Gamma Delta T-Cell Therapy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma…

NEW YORK, June 07, 2021 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- IN8bio, Inc. (IN8bio or the Company), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery and development of innovative gamma delta T-cell therapies utilizing its DeltEx platform, today announced an update from the ongoing Phase 1 clinical trial of INB-200, its DeltEx drug resistant immunotherapy (DRI), MGMT-gene modified gamma delta T-cells in patients with newly diagnosed GBM. INB-200 was co-administered to patients undergoing the standard-of-care therapy for GBM during the temozolomide (TMZ) maintenance treatment.

The Phase 1 clinical trial of INB-200 (NCT04165941) is the first-in-human trial of a genetically modified gamma delta T-cell therapy. The therapy was well-tolerated with no observed infusion reactions, cytokine release syndrome (CRS), neurotoxicity or dose limiting toxicities (DLTs). The clinical program also cleared a data safety monitoring board (DSMB) review earlier in 2021 and enrollment for cohort 2 has been initiated. The trial is being conducted by Dr. Burt Nabors at the ONeal Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). The clinical trial poster was presented at the 2021 ASCO Annual Meeting from June 4-8.

Our DeltEx DRI platform combines the advantages of gamma delta T-cells with proprietary genetic engineering and next-generation cell therapy manufacturing that addresses the challenges of treating solid tumor cancers, said William Ho, Chief Executive Officer, and co-founder. Given the potential safety concerns of cellular therapies for solid tumor cancers, we are encouraged by this clinical update from our INB-200 trial in GBM patients. We believe that our Phase 1 program provides early evidence that gamma delta T-cells modified to be chemotherapy resistant are well-tolerated, with indications of clinical activity. Based on the initial safety profile, IN8bio has initiated Cohort 2 of this study, in which patients will receive three repeat doses of our DeltEx DRI product, INB-200.

The study is an open-label Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating DeltEx DRI, gamma delta T-cells genetically modified to express proteins that confer resistance to alkylating chemotherapies, in newly diagnosed GBM patients. Gamma delta T-cells are collected from the patient, expanded, activated and genetically modified with a proprietary process developed at IN8bio. Following surgery to remove the tumor and treatment with TMZ and radiation, patients in cohort 1 received a single intracranial dose of INB-200, during their TMZ maintenance phase. The primary endpoints of this Phase I trial are based on safety and tolerability, with secondary endpoints based on biologic response, progression free and overall survival.

The results of the study to date suggest that our INB-200 treatment is well-tolerated in lymphodepleted patients. Immunologic monitoring data presented at ASCO demonstrates that peripheral circulating T, Natural Killer (NK), and gamma delta T-cells decline and are suppressed during radiation + TMZ and remain as such through maintenance TMZ therapy. An advantage of this clinical approach in newly diagnosed GBM is that TMZ, the standard-of-care therapy, serves as the lymphodepleting agent for the cellular therapy. To date, two of three patients remain alive at 10 and nine months respectively. One treated patient was infused with INB-200 in May 2020 and, despite multiple poor prognostic factors including male sex, older age, MGMT-unmethylated and IDH wild-type GBM survived for 15.6 months post-diagnosis with stable disease before expiring from causes not related to GBM progression or INB-200 infusion. Based on the results to date, the Phase 1 study has initiated enrollment of patients in the second cohort, in which each patient will receive 3 repeat doses of INB-200, a DeltEx DRI product.

About IN8bio IN8bio is a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery, development and commercialization of gamma-delta T-cell product candidates for solid and liquid tumors. Gamma-delta T-cells are a specialized population of T-cells that possess unique properties, including the ability to differentiate between healthy and diseased tissue. These cells embody properties of both the innate and adaptive immune systems and can intrinsically differentiate between healthy and diseased tissue. IN8bios DeltEx platform employs allogeneic, autologous and genetically modified approaches to develop cell therapies, designed to effectively identify and eradicate tumor cells. IN8bio is currently conducting two investigator-initiated Phase 1 clinical trials for its lead gamma-delta T-cell product candidates: INB-200 for the treatment of newly diagnosed glioblastoma and INB-100 for the treatment of patients with leukemia undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. IN8bio also has a broad portfolio of preclinical programs focused on addressing other solid tumor types. For more information about IN8bio and its programs, please visit http://www.IN8bio.com.

About the DeltEx platform The DeltEx platform is designed to overcome many of the challenges associated with the expansion, genetic engineering, and scalable manufacturing of gamma-delta T-cells. This approach enables the expansion of the cells, ex vivo, for administration of potentially therapeutic doses to patients, harnessing the unique properties of gamma-delta T-cells, including their ability to broadly recognize cellular stress signals on tumor cells. The DeltEx platform is the basis of a deep pipeline of innovative product candidates designed to effectively target and potentially eradicate disease and improve patient outcomes.

Forward Looking Statements Certain statements herein concerning the Companys future expectations, plans and prospects, including without limitation, the Companys current expectations regarding the advancement of its product candidates through preclinical studies and clinical trials and the prospects for such candidates and underlying technology, constitute forward-looking statements. The use of words such as may, might, will, should, expect, plan, anticipate, believe, estimate, project, intend, future, potential, or continue, the negative of these and other similar expressions are intended to identify such forward looking statements. Such statements, based as they are on the current expectations of management, inherently involve numerous risks and uncertainties, known and unknown, many of which are beyond the Companys control. Consequently, actual future results may differ materially from the anticipated results expressed in such statements. Specific risks which could cause actual results to differ materially from the Companys current expectations include: scientific, regulatory and technical developments; failure to demonstrate safety, tolerability and efficacy; final and quality controlled verification of data and the related analyses; expense and uncertainty of obtaining regulatory approval, including from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; and the Companys reliance on third parties, including licensors and clinical research organizations. Do not place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included herein, which speak only as of the date hereof and which the Company is under no obligation to update or revise as a result of any event, circumstances or otherwise, unless required by applicable law.

Company Contact: IN8bio, Inc. Kate Rochlin, Ph.D. +1 646.600.6GDT (6438) info@IN8bio.com

Investors: Solebury Trout Julia Balanova + 1 646.378.2936 jbalanova@soleburytrout.com

Media: Burns McClellan, Inc. Ryo Imai / Robert Flamm, Ph.D. +1 212.213.0006 - ext. 315 / 364 rimai@burnsmc.com / rflamm@burnsmc.com

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IN8bio Completes Treatment of First Cohort in Phase 1 Clinical Trial with Gamma Delta T-Cell Therapy in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma...

FDA to Crack Down on Stem Cell Clinics With Unproven Therapies – Bloomberg Law

Hundreds of U.S. stem cell clinics selling experimental therapies without an FDA permit can expect to face the agencys enforcement arm and potential action from the federal government.

The Food and Drug Administration ended a three-and-a-half year grace period Monday designed to allow these clinics to come into compliance with its 2017 regenerative medicine policy. The agency has worked with federal law enforcement agencies to shut down the most egregious cases, including one that made several women blind.

Peter Marks, director of the FDAs Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, has made clear for years that the agency will be stepping up its enforcement over these unproven treatments once the discretion period ends. It was supposed to end last November, but the FDA provided a six-month extension due to the pandemic.

Its a high priority that we get the message out there, that these products need investigational new drug applications, or should have a biologic license application submitted, or they should not be marketed, Marks said at the Food and Drug Law Institutes annual meeting May 20.

Clinics that sell these treatments say they are surgical procedures that dont require FDA regulation. The agency counters that these companies are making unproven and potentially harmful claims about products that fall under its regulations for human cells, tissues, and cellular and tissue-based products, or HCT/Ps.

The agency doesnt oversee what it defines as minimal manipulation of HCT/Ps, but thats a designation for procedures such as bone marrow transplants, which have been used in medical care for decades, to proceed without FDA oversight. The clinics offering the new and unproven treatments typically take someones fat cells and reprocess them into stem cells, with claims that these cells can treat a range of diseases from Parkinsons to heart disease and even Covid-19.

All cell therapies should be proven safe and effective in well-regulated clinical trials before being marketed to patients. In recent years, increasing numbers of patients have been harmed by such therapies, Sean Morrison ISSCR public policy committee chair and director of the Childrens Medical Center Research Institute at UT Southwestern, said in a statement to Bloomberg Law. We hope increased FDA enforcement will reduce the number unscrupulous clinics that take advantage of desperate patients.

The International Society for Stem Cell Research said it welcomed increased FDA enforcement of its regulations against the marketing of unproven cell therapies.

Its really time for FDA to start aggressively enforcing the law to protect patients from these products, which are risky, Liz Richardson, project director of health-care products for The Pew Charitable Trusts, said in an interview. They often cost people, not just in terms of their health, but in terms of their money, because a lot of these treatments are paid for out of pocket.

These clinics have harmed hundreds of patients since theyve proliferated, Pew found in a report released Tuesday on its health projects website. Pew identified 360 people harmed between 2004 and September 2020 by stem cell injections and other regenerative therapies. The data came from adverse events reports from medical literature, submissions to the FDAs adverse event reporting system, government publications, news articles, and online consumer reviews of stem cell businesses such as Google and Yelp.

Pew identified at least 21 patient deaths, as well as injuries that included life-threatening infections, blindness, cardiac arrest, and the growth of tumors and lesions.

Those incidences are probably much lower than the level of harm thats actually happening, Richardson said. We know that adverse events are underreported for any medical products, including those that are FDA regulated, and theres mandatory reporting involved. But for this, these products that are unapproved and unproven, the rate of underreporting is probably much higher.

While Richardson said she wants the FDA to be more aggressive in going after these clinics, she acknowledged there are limits on the agencys ability to pursue hundreds of clinics at once. Markss center is small and also regulates vaccines, monoclonal antibodies, convalescent plasma, and blood, and there are about 900 active investigational new drug applications for cell and gene therapies.

Pew will be tracking the agencys enforcement effort over the next several months.

Its important to acknowledge that there are limitations in what the agency can do, certainly, given their chronic underfunding. Thats a reality, Richardson said. It probably will be a slow ramp-up, given just the fact that we are still in the middle of a pandemic.

The Federal Trade Commission also has authority over businesses making illegal claims, and state medical boards and attorneys general also can make strides in protecting patients from potentially dangerous products, Richardson said. Its not just the FDAs job. Theres a role for other regulators in this space.

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FDA to Crack Down on Stem Cell Clinics With Unproven Therapies - Bloomberg Law

Global NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy Market Stock Analysis, Impact of COVID-19 on Sales, Business Opportunities, Trends 2020 (Chipscreen…

GlobalNK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy marketexamines changing market conditions and keeps you ahead of rivals. It includes incredibly useful information for new and growing businesses to categorize themselves on the market. NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy Market report also encompasses the worlds regions and states, which demonstrate a status for regional development. The study will define an important portion of the marketplace and markets with respect to output, use, profits, and gross margin.

Top listed players for the global NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy market are,

Chipscreen Biosciences, Anterogen, Innate Pharma SA, Osiris Therapeutics, Altor BioScience Corporation, Takeda Pharmaceutical, NuVasive, Pharmicell, Affimed NV, Molmed, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, Medi-post, JCR Pharmaceutical

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The report contains the expected CAGR calculated for the NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy market based on past and present records of the NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy market. The report provides comprehensive analysis of the NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy market and the key developments in the market. The market research and analysis covers historical and projected market data, production, product information, price trends and geography-leading company shares of NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy. First, the study segments the size of the market by volume and value, depending on product form and geography. Secondly, this report includes the present status and prospects for the future of the NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy global market for NK Cell Therapy and Stem Cell Therapy.

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By Application:

Research institutes, Regenerative medicine centers, Diagnostic centers, Hospital & clinics

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Stem Cell Manufacturing Market Size, Business Growth Tactics, Future Strategies, Competitive Outlook and Forecast to 2027 The Courier – The Courier

Data Bridge Market Research included report gives a comprehensive overview of the current and future phases of the examination for the assessed Forecast Period 2021-2027. Stem Cell Manufacturing market research report contains complete background analysis of industry, many exploratory approaches such as qualitative and quantitative analysis have been applied. The base year for calculation in the report is considered as 2019 while the historic year is 2018 which suggests how the Stem Cell Manufacturing market is going to perform in the forecast years by informing about the market definition, classifications, applications, and engagements. In the regional analysis section of the business report, it has been shown that how different regions and countries are growing in the worldwide market and have predicted their market sizes for the next few years. Stem Cell Manufacturing market report provides research innovations, management strategies, market drivers, challenges and visions, and comprehensive industry subdivision and distribution. The report explains the current state of the market around the world. The study starts with the market outline and key components of the market. The study additionally offers the key focuses to upgrade the development in the Stem Cell Manufacturing market.

Stem cell manufacturing marketis expected to gain market growth in the forecast period of 2020 to 2027. Data Bridge Market Research analyses the market to account to USD 18.59 billion by 2027 growing at a CAGR of 6.42% in the above-mentioned forecast period. The growing awareness towards diseases like cancer, hematopoietic disorders and degenerative disorders is going to drive the growth of the stem cell manufacturing market.

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Top Key Players of the Market:

Detailed Market Analysis and Insights:

An all-inclusive Stem Cell Manufacturing market report studies the market and the industry thoroughly by considering several aspects. According to this market report, the global market is anticipated to observe a moderately higher growth rate during the forecast period. This makeover can be subjected to the moves of key players or brands which include developments, product launches, joint ventures, mergers and acquisitions that in turn change the view of the global face of the industry. With the actionable market insights included in this report, businesses can craft sustainable and cost-effective strategies. Stem Cell Manufacturing market document provides all-inclusive study about production capacity, consumption, import and export for all the major regions across the world.

Increase in the research and development activities in pharmaceutical and biotechnology sector, stem cell therapy including cell therapy and gene therapy along with animal biotechnology sector for the production of better yield is likely to accelerate the growth of the stem cell manufacturing market in the forecast period of 2020-2027.People ethics such as the embryonic stem cell research violates respect for human life and downward pricing of product owing to commodity is likely to hamper the growth of the stem cell manufacturing market in the above mentioned forecast period.

Segmentation Of Stem Cell Manufacturing Market:

By Product (Stem Cell Line, Instruments, Culture Media, Consumables)

By Application (Research Applications, Clinical Applications, Cell and Tissue Banking)

By End Users (Hospitals and Surgical Centers, Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Companies, Clinics, Community Healthcare, Others)

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Competitive Landscape and Stem Cell Manufacturing Market Share Analysis

Stem cell manufacturing market competitive landscape provides details by competitor. Details included are company overview, company financials, revenue generated, market potential, investment in research and development, new market initiatives, global presence, production sites and facilities, production capacities, company strengths and weaknesses, product launch, product width and breadth, application dominance. The above data points provided are only related to the companies focus related to stem cell manufacturing market.

The major players covered in the stem cell manufacturing market report are Thermo Fisher Scientific., Merck KGaA, BD, JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd., Organogenesis Inc, Osiris, Vericel Corporation, AbbVie Inc., AM-Pharma B.V., ANTEROGEN.CO.,LTD., Astellas Pharma Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, FUJIFILM Cellular Dynamics, Inc., RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Limited, Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd., ViaCyte,Inc., VistaGen Therapeutics Inc, GlaxoSmithKline plc, DAIICHI SANKYO COMPANY, LIMITED, among other domestic and global players. Market share data is available for global, North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), Middle East and Africa (MEA) and South America separately. DBMR analysts understand competitive strengths and provide competitive analysis for each competitor separately.

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Stem cell manufacturing market is segmented on the basis of product, application and end users. The growth amongst these segments will help you analyse meagre growth segments in the industries, and provide the users with valuable market overview and market insights to help them in making strategic decisions for identification of core market applications.

Table of Content

Global Stem Cell Manufacturing Market Research Report

Important Features that are under Offering and Key Highlights of the Reports:

Detailed overview of Stem Cell Manufacturing Market

Changing market dynamics of the industry

In-depth market segmentation by Type, Application, etc.

Historical, current and projected market size in terms of volume and value

Recent industry trends and developments

Competitive landscape of Stem Cell Manufacturing Market Products

Strategies of key players and product offerings

Potential and niche segments/regions exhibiting promising growth

On the Basis of Region

The report is mainly segmented into several key regions, with sales, revenue, market share and growth rate of Stem Cell Manufacturing in these regions, from 2020 to 2027, covering:

U.S., Canada and Mexico in North America, Germany, France, U.K.

Netherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Russia, Italy, Spain, Turkey, Rest of Europe in Europe

China, Japan, India, South Korea, Singapore, Malaysia, Australia, Thailand

Indonesia, Philippines, Rest of Asia-Pacific (APAC) in the Asia-Pacific (APAC), Saudi Arabia, U.A.E, South Africa, Egypt, Israel, Rest of Middle East and Africa (MEA)

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Lymph nodes: Purpose, location, and disease warning signs – Medical News Today

Lymph nodes are small, bean-shaped glands that play a crucial role in the immune system. They filter lymphatic fluid, which helps rid the body of germs and remove waste products.

The body contains hundreds of lymph nodes. They form clusters around the body and are particularly prominent in areas such as the neck, armpit and groin and behind the ears.

The bodys cells and tissues dispose of waste products in lymphatic fluid, which lymph nodes then filter. During this process, they catch bacteria and viruses that could harm the rest of the body.

Lymph nodes are an essential part of the bodys immune system. Due to their function, they come into contact with toxins, which can cause them to swell. Although swollen lymph nodes are common, they may occasionally indicate lymph node cancer, or lymphoma.

Keep on reading to learn more about lymph nodes and their function within the immune system.

Lymph nodes are part of the lymphatic system, which is a complex network of nodes and vessels.

In certain areas of the body, such as the neck, armpit, and groin, lymph nodes sit close to the skin. This means a person may feel them swell when an infection develops.

Lymph nodes are also present in the stomach and between the lungs. However, there are no lymph nodes in the brain or spinal cord.

The name of a lymph node depends on its location in the body.

Lymph nodes form clusters throughout the body. Their main function is to filter out potentially harmful substances.

All tissues and cells in the body excrete lymphatic fluid, or lymph, in order to eliminate waste products. The lymph then travels through vessels in the lymphatic system and passes through lymph nodes for filtering.

Lymph nodes contain lymphocytes. These are a type of white blood cells that help destroy pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. When lymph nodes detect a pathogen in the lymph, they produce more lymphocytes, which causes them to swell.

Upon encountering bacteria or damaged cells, lymph nodes destroy them and turn them into a waste product.

When the lymph reenters the bloodstream, waste products travel to the kidneys and liver. The body then excretes waste products in the urine and feces.

Learn more about how the lymphatic system works here.

Swollen lymph nodes do not always indicate cancer. Below, we list some of many conditions that can cause lymph node swelling.

Lymphadenitis occurs when bacteria, viruses, or fungi in the lymph infect lymph nodes. When this happens, lymph nodes swell and are painful to the touch.

If multiple clusters of nodes become infected, a person may feel pain and swelling in both their neck and groin.

The most common type of lymphadenitis is localized lymphadenitis. This means the condition only affects a few nodes. If the infection occurs in several node clusters, a doctor will likely diagnose generalized lymphadenitis.

The condition usually results from an infection elsewhere in the body.

Symptoms of lymphadenitis include:

Lymphadenitis treatments include:

The type of treatment necessary will depend on a variety of factors, such as the severity of the disease and a persons underlying conditions and allergies. A doctor will help a person choose the most suitable treatment based on these factors.

Learn more about swollen lymph nodes in the neck here.

Swollen lymph nodes in the neck may be due to a viral or bacterial throat infection, such as strep throat.

Viral throat infections, such as colds, can present with swollen lymph nodes, a runny nose, and pinkeye.

These infections usually resolve on their own. However, a person can take over-the-counter pain relievers to alleviate pain they may experience when swallowing.

Strep throat is a bacterial infection that develops in the throat and tonsils due to group A streptococcus. People may contract strep throat if they come into contact with droplets containing the strep bacteria.

A person with strep throat may experience swollen lymph nodes on the neck, a sore throat, a fever, and red spots on the roof of the mouth.

Doctors treat strep throat with antibiotics.

Impetigo is an infection that develops due to group A streptococcus and may cause lymph nodes in the armpits and groin to swell.

A person can contract impetigo when the bacteria enter the body through a break in the skin. This can happen through sharing a towel, razor, or yoga mat.

Symptoms of impetigo include:

If a person has impetigo, they should seek medical attention to address their symptoms and prevent the condition from spreading to others.

Treatment will usually involve antibiotics.

Ringworm, or jock itch, is a fungal infection that can affect many areas of the body. If the fungus develops in the groin, a person may experience lymph node swelling in that area.

Typically, ringworm starts as a fungal lesion. The fungus often transmits when people share towels or razors.

Ringworm thrives in moist environments, and therefore a person should take care to dry thoroughly after a wash and try not to stay in damp clothes.

Common ringworm symptoms include:

A doctor will prescribe an antifungal treatment to address ringworm.

The best way to prevent ringworm is to wear breathable fabrics, avoid sharing towels and razors, and dry thoroughly after bathing.

Learn more about swollen lymph nodes in the groin here.

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that affects the lymphatic system. The two main types of lymphoma are Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma.

Hodgkin lymphoma occurs when cancer cells spread from one cluster of lymph nodes to another. By contrast, in non-Hodgkin lymphoma, there is no order in how cancer cells spread throughout the lymphatic system.

Typical symptoms of lymphoma include:

These are also common symptoms of viral infections, which can make lymphoma hard to diagnose. However, in people with lymphoma, symptoms tend to persist for longer periods of time.

It is of note that these symptoms do not clearly indicate cancer. If a person experiences any of these, they should contact a doctor to identify the cause of their symptoms.

Treatment options for lymphoma include:

A person should contact a healthcare professional if they are experiencing persistent swelling of lymph nodes.

Swelling usually indicates an infection, and therefore a person should not immediately worry about lymphoma.

After reaching a diagnosis, a doctor will recommend the appropriate course of treatment.

Lymph nodes are a part of the lymphatic system. They filter lymph, which contains pathogens and damaged cells, and send the dead cells to the kidneys and liver.

Lymph node swelling usually results from an infection. In rare cases, however, it may be due to lymphoma.

If a person is concerned about swelling and other symptoms they have, they should contact a doctor.

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Lymph nodes: Purpose, location, and disease warning signs - Medical News Today

Teesside baby will be third in country to have ground breaking complex cancer treatment – Teesside Live

Teesside tot Olivia-Grace Corcoran was flying to London with her family today to start ground breaking treatment in a bid to cure her leukaemia.

The six month old, from Dormanstown, near Redcar, will become only the third person in the country - and the youngest - to undergo a complex and specialist treatment called CAR T cell therapy.

She was diagnosed with a form of acute leukaemia in March at the age of just four months after starting to repeatedly vomit her baby milk back up.

The beautiful little girl, who her family describe as nothing short of amazing, has already undergone chemotherapy to try to beat the disease and was due to have a stem cell transplant at Newcastle's RVI.

Instead, doctors have taken the decision to fly her to London's Great Ormond Street Hospital for the highly specialist treatment in a bid to stabilise her condition.

Her dad Jordan, 22, a plumber, and mum Chloe Kirk, 20, will fly with her to the hospital on Tuesday, June 8, for initial tests. She'll then have to spend three months in the capital whilst the complex procedure is carried out.

Jordan said he hasn't had time yet to process the enormity of the situation, instead the young family are concentrating their energy on Olivia-Grace and tackling things as they come.

"It came as a shock when they said go to London, we weren't expecting it," said Jordan.

"We thought we'd be in the RVI in Newcastle but after speaking with the doctors, they wanted to do this new therapy at Great Ormond Street Hospital.

"Olivia-Grace is fine, she's really content and she just seems to get on with things really well."

CAR T cell therapy involves taking a sample of T cells from the blood - the type of cells that fight infection and diseases. They are then taken to a lab and genetically modified to try and get them to recognise cancer cells.

Once they have grown and multiplied, the cells are then dripped back into the bloodstream. The aim is for the CAR T cells to then attack the cancer cells.

In Olivia-Grace's case, says Jordan, the initial T cells will come from an adult blood donor.

The family have been told she is only the third person to have it, and the youngest.

"It makes you wonder who thought of doing that in the first place - but whoever it was, thank you," said Jordan.

After initial bone marrow tests, the young family hope to be back on Teesside on Wednesday. From then, depending on results, Olivia-Grace will have to spend three months at the London hospital.

If the CAR T cell therapy works, the hope is she'll then be able to have a stem cell transplant as planned.

Chloe will stay with her, says Jordan, and the hope is that his mum will be able stay with them too. Jordan works full time but hopes he'll be able to travel up and down to Great Ormond Street Hospital every weekend to be with his family.

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The Dormanstown community have already rallied round with their support by organising a number of fundraising initiatives to help the young family. You can find their GoFundMe page here.

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Teesside baby will be third in country to have ground breaking complex cancer treatment - Teesside Live

Local veterinary clinics offer integrated care options for pets – williamsonherald.com

After graduating from the University of Tennessee College of Veterinary Medicine and practicing in the field for several years, Dr. Mitch McKee began to explore alternative treatment methods that would improve his four-legged patients lives, working collaboratively with conventional treatments and therapies.

McKee went on to pursue various accreditations in holistic veterinary medicine from Chi University in Reddick, Florida, including a masters degree in traditional Chinese veterinary medicine, making him one of only approximately 300 people across the country with this certification.

He now incorporates these accreditations and practices into his treatments daily for patients at both Cupola Animal Hospitals locations, including Berry Farms Animal Hospital in Franklin and Concord Road Animal Hospital in Brentwood.

Using both traditional and holistic methods of medicine allows us to provide our patients and their owners with the best of both worlds, McKee said. Western medicine is great, we love it and need it, but its more of a one-size-fits-all method. You tend to treat the problem and not the patient. With an integrated approach, Chinese methods and holistic practices allow us to individualize therapy so that we treat the underlying issue that led to the problem at hand, often with fewer side effects.

McKee and his fellow certified veterinary acupuncturist at Cupola, Dr. Ben Larson, are among just a handful of veterinarians in the Middle Tennessee area qualified to use acupuncture, and they utilize it as a treatment option regularly. Both clinics offer three types of acupuncture, which has been shown to initiate healing and decrease pain to improve a patients quality of life.

The clinics also offer chiropractic care, food therapy, massage therapy, herbal medicine, stem cell therapy, and ozone (O3) therapy in addition to acupuncture, treatment options the doctors recommend for a number of animal patients.

Any patient, regardless of age or medical issue, can benefit from these integrated therapies, McKee said. You can utilize them one time for a particular situation, or monthly, or however often you need to. Theres a great deal of flexibility with offering multiple modalities of therapy, and weve found that using them can decrease the need for expensive or risky surgeries. We have witnessed countless success stories with our patients that demonstrate these treatment options are effective and reliable.

Berry Farms Animal Hospital recently celebrated its fourth anniversary in March, and Concord Road celebrated its second anniversary last month. To learn more about the clinics or to make an appointment, visit CupolaAnimalHospitals.com.

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Local veterinary clinics offer integrated care options for pets - williamsonherald.com

Brave Nathaniel Nabena, 9, all smiles as he has life-saving procedure – thanks to you – The Mirror

Brave Nathaniel Nabena smiles from his hospital bed moments before a life-saving procedure.

The nine-year-old had a vital stem cell transplant at Great Ormond Street Hospital on Wednesday after Sunday People readers helped raised more than 215,000.

Nathaniel, battling acute myeloid leukaemia, was on a drip for 30 minutes as umbilical cord stem cells were fed into his body.

Afterwards, dad Ebi said: Nathaniel is very happy. It was amazing to finally get to this point we have all been waiting for.

The youngster was admitted a fortnight ago and had five doses of chemo over ten days to prepare him for the procedure.

How brave has Nathaniel been? Have your say in comments below

Mum Modupe, 38, was able to spend time with him before his transplant.

Consultants warn he faces weeks of sickness as his body reacts to the new cells with symptoms including vomiting and a fever.

Ebi, 45, said: His doctors hope to see improvements after five weeks. It is so hard to see him so exhausted but I dont have a choice. We are grateful to have this done. Our fingers are crossed to see what happens.

For now, Nathaniel has a compromised immune system and is susceptible to falling ill, so he will be staying on the ward.

Stars including Simon Cowell, David Walliams, Katie Price and JLS singer Aston Merrygold rallied to support him after we told of the desperate race to fund treatment.

Nathaniels left eye was removed in his home country of Nigeria a year ago, due to myeloid sarcoma cancer. He was diagnosed with AML in the UK in November after coming here to have a prosthetic eye fitted.

Nathaniel was told a stem-cell transplant was his only hope for survival but it would cost 201,000 as he is not a British citizen. Ebi and Modupe were initially told it could cost as much as 825,000 but the figure was revised after doctors waived their fees and offered to treat him in their own time.

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The lad was admitted to GOSH on May 24 after generous Brits rushed to help the family raise cash.

Business analyst Ebi, who is staying at the hospitals family quarters, said: Ive been there the whole time. When he is not sleeping he is passing the time playing his games.

We sometimes talk about when he gets better and how exciting that will be. This is a difficult thing for him to go through, but Nathaniel is being brave, he is well in himself.

In acute myeloid leukaemia, unhealthy blood-forming stem cells grow quickly in the bone marrow.

This prevents it from making normal red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets meaning the body cannot fight infections or stop bleeding.

A stem cell transplant, also known as a bone marrow transplant, can help AML patients stimulate new bone marrow growth and restore the immune system.

Before treatment, patients need high doses of chemo and sometimes radiotherapy.

This destroys existing cancer and bone marrow cells and stops the immune system working, to cut the risk of transplant rejection.

In an allogeneic transplant, stem cells are taken from a family member, unrelated donor or umbilical cord blood. In Nathaniels case, it was from a cord.

They are then passed into the patients body through a line inserted in a large, central vein, in a process that takes up to two hours.

You can also remove stem cells from the patients body and transplant them later, after any damaged or diseased cells have been removed this is called an autologous transplant.

The survival rate after a transplant for patients with acute leukaemia in remission and using related donors is 55% to 68%, according to Medicine Net. If the donor is unrelated, it is 26% to 50%.

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Brave Nathaniel Nabena, 9, all smiles as he has life-saving procedure - thanks to you - The Mirror

Blood cancer and leukaemia: UAE oncologist urges public to spot the symptoms – The National

A leading oncologist has urged the public to be aware of the symptoms of blood cancer and leukaemia amid a global rise in new cases.

Dr Shahrukh Hashmi, chair of the haematology and oncology department at Abu Dhabi's Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, said too many cases were diagnosed in the advanced stage.

Leukaemia is a group of blood cancers that usually develop in the bone marrow and the lymphatic system.

It is among the 10 most prevalent cancers globally and according to studies has been on the rise in recent years. The five-year survival rate in the United States is about 57 per cent.

The one thing that the public can take charge of is active surveillance, with regular pap smears, colonoscopies and mammograms

Dr Shahrukh Hashmi, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi

We have hundreds of cases recorded every year but it is very likely that there are even more that go unrecorded, because many go underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed," said Dr Hashmi, a specialist in late-stage chemotherapy treatment and cancer survivability.

Less is known about the causes of leukaemia and lymphoma than many other cancers. Exposure to certain chemicals, genetic disorders, family history and smoking are known to be factors.

Some studies have linked blood cancers to a rise in pollution.

Dr Hashmi believes more research is needed in the Gulf and UAE to understand the causes.

He said environmental factors could play a part, along with "inheritable cancers due to consanguineous marriages".

We have not yet had any epidemiological studies giving the exact cause of the significantly higher ratio of blood cancers to solid cancers in the UAE," he said.

_______________________

- fever or chills

- persistent fatigue, weakness

- frequent or severe infections

- losing weight without trying

- swollen lymph nodes, enlarged liver or spleen

- excessive sweating, especially at night

Source: Mayo Clinic

_______________________

Dr Hashmi said too many patients shuttle between smaller hospitals and undergo a myriad of referrals before they reach a specialist cancer ward.

The biggest problem I see here is the dissipation of care. Many patients will go to several hospitals before finally landing at tertiary care centres like SSMC," he said.

By the time they come here they already have been to three or even four hospitals which delays care.

Last month, a study shed light on the high prevalence of cancer in UAE and Saudi Arabia.

The analysis of 2017 data from major developed countries showed almost half of all cancer cases in the UAE involved people aged under 50.

Dr Abdulmajeed Alzubaidi takes The National on a tour of the facilities

Abu Dhabi's new Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City opened towards the end of 2019. All photos by Chris Whiteoak / The National

A sculpture in the foyer of the sprawling hospital

The emergency department can handle hundreds of patients

The hospital is located on a large campus outside the city

A state-of-the-art surgical theatre

Floor to ceiling windows allow for plenty of natural light

The hospital is jointly run by America's top-ranked medical group - Mayo Clinic - and Abu Dhabi public hospital operator Seha

A view from outside Sheikh Shakhbout hospital

An air conditioned walk way connects hospital wings and parking facilities

The hospital's location allows for large rooms and wards

The facility has taken over patients and services from older public hospitals

The facility has taken over patients and services from older public hospitals

The facility has taken over patients and services from older public hospitals

The facility has taken over patients and services from older public hospitals

The facility has taken over patients and services from older public hospitals

The facility has taken over patients and services from older public hospitals

The facility has taken over patients and services from older public hospitals

The studys authors, from University of Sharjah's College of Medicine, said the trend was a "critical issue that is currently underreported".

As with global trends, breast cancer was most prevalent accounting for 36 per cent of all cases followed by several forms of colorectal cancers.

The latter in particular is closely linked to lifestyle choices, including bad diet, smoking and drinking alcohol.

Dr Hashmi said better lifestyles, high public awareness and regular screening of people of all ages will save lives.

"The one thing that the public can take charge of when it comes to cancer is active surveillance," he said.

"People should get regular screenings for cancers such as pap smears, colonoscopies and mammograms. These are preventative measures that have been around for decades in Europe and the US.

"Our screening rates are low and we are really hoping it can go up, especially for the most common cancer we know of, breast cancer.

For blood cancers, some of the common symptoms are fatigue and persistent swollen lymph nodes.

Acute leukaemia patients will generally need a bone marrow or stem cell transplant.

Despite advances in the UAE's organ transplant programme, including the first bone marrow transplant in 2020, many patients travel abroad for treatment.

Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City will have its own transplant centre set up by the final three months of 2021.

For patients such as 34-year-old Mohammad Hoda, an electrician who works for a company in Abu Dhabi, it cannot open too soon.

He is undergoing chemotherapy at SSMC and his doctors are working with hospitals in India to try to find a suitable donor for a bone marrow transplant.

The Indian father-of-four was found with advanced leukaemia just over a month ago.

"I was feeling very tired and had severe pain in my body. I also had a few nose bleeds," he said.

When The National visited his hospital room last week, he was hopeful that medics in India will find a match, giving a thumbs up as he posed for a photograph.

But like all organ transplant patients, has no way of knowing if and how long it could take to find a donor.

"It is hard that I am alone here without my family, and my future is uncertain," he said.

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Blood cancer and leukaemia: UAE oncologist urges public to spot the symptoms - The National