Stem Cell Clinic

Biobanks Market Analysis Trends, Growth Opportunities, Size, Type, Dynamic Demand and Drives with Forecast to 2025 – Daily Research Chronicles

By Stem Cell Medicine

The global biobanks market owes its conception to the rising need for replacement organs and the steady advancement in the replacement and transfusion technologies regarding a number of bodily substances. Though the technology and need to store organs and other bio-entities had been available for a long time, the global biobanks market took on a more important role in the healthcare sector following the increasing research in genomics. In the new millennium, the development of the personalized medicine field has been the vital driver for the global biobanks market. The likely advancement of the latter, thanks to helpful government regulations, is likely to make the crucial difference for the global biobanks market in the near future.

The steady technological advancement in the healthcare sector in the last few decades has now led to a scenario where the full potential of biobanks can be harnessed. As a result, the global biobanks market is projected to exhibit steady growth over the coming years.

Global Biobanks Market: Key Trends

The rising interest in personalized medicine is the prime driver for the global biobanks market. Personalized medicine has only become a viable branch of modern medicine after steady research in genomics and the way various patients react to various medicines. The biobanks market has thus come into the spotlight thanks to their role as a steady supplier of human biomaterials for research as well as direct application. The increasing research in genomics following the findings of the Human Genome Project is thus likely to remain a key driver for the global biobanks market in the coming years.

The utilization of biobanks in stem cell research has been hampered in several regions by ethical concerns regarding the origin of stem cells. Nevertheless, the potential of stem cells in the healthcare sector is immense, and is likely to have a decisive impact on the trajectory of the global biobanks market in the coming years. Many countries have, in recent years, adopted a supportive stance towards stem cell research, aiding the growth of the biobanks market. Continued government support is thus likely to remain vital for the global biobanks market in the coming years.

Global Biobanks Market: Market Potential

The leading role of the U.S. in the global biobanks market is unlikely to change in the coming years. The easy availability of government-supported healthcare infrastructure and the presence of several industry giants in the region has driven the biobanks market in the U.S.

Northwell Health, the largest healthcare provider in New York State, earlier in 2017 initiated a new biobank aimed at creating precision therapies against various types of cancer. Launched in collaboration with Indivumed, the biobank will provide catalogued biomaterials for research into lung, colorectal, breast, and pancreatic cancer. This would enable targeted, gene-specific studies of a variety of cancer samples, leading to a more comprehensive understanding of cancer. Such well-funded collaboration efforts are crucial for the developing biobanks market.

Global Biobanks Market: Geographical Dynamics

Led by the fertile healthcare research scenario in the U.S., North America is likely to retain a dominant share in the global biobanks market in the coming years. Steady support from institutes such as the NIH is likely to be vital for the North America biobanks market.

Emerging Asia Pacific economies such as India and China could emerge with a significant share in the global biobanks market in the coming years. The healthcare sector in both countries has received steady public or private funding in the last few years. India is also a global leader in medical tourism and is likely to receive an increasing number of patients in the coming years, leading to promising prospects for the global biobanks market in the region.

Global Biobanks Market: Competitive Dynamics

Due to the dynamic nature of the global biobanks market, with advancements in diagnostic fields often determining the direction of the market, the market is heavily fragmented. It is likely to retain a significant degree of fragmentation in the coming years thanks to the diversity in the application segments of the biobanks market. The leading players in the global biobanks market includeBioCision, Tecan Group, VWR, Beckman Coulter Inc., and Thermo Fisher Scientific.

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Biobanks Market Analysis Trends, Growth Opportunities, Size, Type, Dynamic Demand and Drives with Forecast to 2025 - Daily Research Chronicles

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updated Analysis By Product (Autologous, Allogeneic); By Application (Musculoskeletal…

By Stem Cell Treatment

Global Stem Cell Therapy Market Report Industry Analysis, Market Size, Historical-Current-Future Trends, Competitive Landscape and Forecasts to 2026

The markets growth and development depends on the factors such as the modernization and the current technological advancements. This research study on the Stem Cell Therapy market has considered all these aspects and the information provided is based on the current market trends. TheStem Cell Therapy marketreport includes all the minute and important information about the Stem Cell Therapy market which aids the clients to rethink on their current market strategies and implement new ones as per the market standards. The major data points that are mentioned in the Stem Cell Therapy report includes the growth factors, limitations of the market, future market opportunities, market challenges, and others. All these facts about the market are explained in detail so as to the client understands the market condition easily.

Get FREE Sample PDF of This Research Report::https://www.marketdataanalytics.biz/global-stem-cell-therapy-market-report-2020-industry-analysis-15653.html#request-sample

The major market players that are operating in the Stem Cell Therapy market areOsiris Therapeutics, NuVasive, Chiesi Pharmaceuticals, JCRPharmaceutical, Pharmicell, Medi-post, Anterogen, Molmed, Takeda (TiGenix). The market has been segmented based onAutologous, Allogeneic. The market segmentation is not only restricted toMusculoskeletal Disorder, Wounds & Injuries, Cornea, Cardiovascular Diseases, Othersbut also includes the sub segments which also contributes to the market growth and development. The geographical prominence of the Stem Cell Therapy market is categorized into Asia Pacific, North America, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa. Again the market data is not restricted to regional presence but every prominent country-wise data is also included for understanding the Stem Cell Therapy market in-depth.

Certain conditions that were considered while making Stem Cell Therapy market data analysis include the current market situation, if any kind of restrictions were imposed by any of the regulatory bodies that would have impacted the market growth or development in any kind, the investments that are being made for the market development, for instance, the research and development activities, among others. This extensive data on the Stem Cell Therapy market will prove constructive for all the existing industry players and the new market entrants to improve their decision-making skills to improve their position in the global Stem Cell Therapy market.

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Significant aspects of the Reports and Main Highlights:

A detailed look at the Stem Cell Therapy Industry Changing business trends in the global Stem Cell Therapy market Detailed market bifurcation analysis at different level such as type, application, end user, Regions / countries Historical and forecast size of the Stem Cell Therapy market in terms of Revenue (USD Million) Recent industry development and market trends Competitive Landscape and player positioning analysis for the Stem Cell Therapy market Key Product Offerings by Major players and business strategies adopted Niche and Potential segments (ex. types, applications, and regions/countries) anticipated to observed promising growth Key challenges faced by operating players in the market space Analysis of major risks associated with the market operations

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Global Stem Cell Therapy Market 2020 Coronavirus (COVID-19) Updated Analysis By Product (Autologous, Allogeneic); By Application (Musculoskeletal...

Could Joe Maddon Lead The Angels To Cubs-like Success In 2020? – Prospect Insider

By Platelet Rich Plasma Injections

The Los Angeles Angels have been in the doldrums recently four straight losing seasons and just one playoff appearance in the Mike Trout era. Enter Joe Maddon, who guided the Cubs to four postseasons in five years and their first World Series win since Teddy Roosevelt was president. Could Maddon lead the Angels to Cubs-like success in 2020?

How much a manager actually influences a baseball teams win-loss record is a never-ending topic of debate for fans and bloggers. Did the team succeed thanks to their skippers field generalship? On the other hand, was it a talented roster? For me, the answer is its usually a blend of both.

No manager couldve made the hapless Detroit Tigers a winner last year. But a skipper could potentially be a positive or negative difference-maker for teams on the fringe of contention. The issue at hand is whether Maddons new squad has the talent to contend this year.

Certainly, Angels GM Billy Eppler tried his best to give Maddon more to work with than predecessor Brad Ausmus had in 2019. In the offseason, Eppler signed all-star third baseman Anthony Rendon, thanks to owner Arte Moreno opening his checkbook. The fifth-year GM also managed to add several other recognizable veterans pitchers Dylan Bundy, Julio Teheran, and Matt Andriese, plus catcher Jason Castro.

So, did Eppler give Maddon the necessary pieces to make the Angels a viable contender in 2020? Lets walk through the roster the 66-year-old skipper will be working with to determine the answer.

Availability was an ongoing problem for the Angels in 2019. No starter remained in the rotation for the entire season with this years Opening Day starter, Andrew Heaney, leading the staff with 18 starts and 95.1 innings.

Compounding matters, Angel pitchers made just 22 quality starts fewest by a team in any season, including campaigns shortened by work stoppage. The league-average for quality starts last season was 51 with the Astros leading MLB with 89. In fact, six pitchers made more quality starts than the Halos.

Pitchers With More Quality Starts Than Angels in 2019

Before Summer Camp began, the projected rotation included Heaney, Shohei Ohtani, Julio Teheran, Dylan Bundy, and GriffinCanning. With Ohtani coming off Tommy John surgery, the Angels will employ a six-man rotation with a gaggle of pitchers vying for the final spot. Initially in the mix were Matt Andriese, Flix Pea, DillonPeters, plus a trio of youngsters Jaime Barra, Patrick Sandoval, and Jos Suarez. But things have already changed.

As already noted, injuries played a significant role in the Angels rotation woes in 2019. Health issues are once again affecting the staffs readiness for the upcoming season.

Teheran reportedly has COVID-19 with mild symptoms, but may return soon. Still, its unlikely the 29-year-old is ready for the start of the season. Ironically, availability has been the nine-year veterans strength. Since 2013, only four pitchers have made 30-plus starts in every season Teheran, Jose Quintana, Jon Lester, and Mike Leake.

On that note, Suarez is one of several Angels on the 10-day IL for undisclosed reasons. Whether its COVID-related or something else remains unknown. As with Teheran, the delay diminishes the odds of the 22-year-old being ready for Opening Day.

Peters is also on the 10-day IL, but thats not a surprise as with Teheran and Suarez. The 27-year-old entered camp expecting to miss a few weeks with a lingering oblique strain from Spring Training. Last season, Peters ERA and xwOBA ranked in the bottom 10-percent of pitchers facing 250-plus hitters.

A pair of currently healthy pitchers likely to receive scrutiny due to recent arm issues are Heaney and Canning.

Heaney has made 20-plus starts just once in five seasons with Los Angeles when he started 30 contests in 2018. Last year, it was elbow and shoulder issues slowing the southpaw. When available, he was brilliant at times striking out 10-plus hitters in four games. Conversely, the 29-year-old didnt reach the sixth inning in half of his outings.

After encountering elbow issues last August, Canning received a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection into the elbow in March. The 24-year-old resumed throwing a month later and reported to camp proclaiming his readiness for the season. Good news for both pitcher and team, although Ohtani and Heaney had PRP injections before eventually undergoing TJ surgery.

On a more positive note, injuries undermined Bundys early career, but hes averaged 30 starts since 2017. His 4.83 ERA during this period isnt appealing, yet the 27-year-olds .320 xwOBA was identical to Jeff Samardzija and Marco Gonzales and slightly better than league-average for starters (.324). This suggests pitching home games in hitter-friendly Camden Yards affected right-handers conventional stats.

The short-term loss of Suarez and Peters from early consideration benefits Andriese, who began his career as a starter with the Rays. However, the 30-year-old was an effective full-time reliever with Arizona in 2019. Perhaps Maddon uses the five-year veteran in a variety of roles.

Pea logged 96.1 innings as a starter and reliever before suffering a torn ACL in his right knee last August. Considering his .308 xwOBA as a reliever was significantly better than as a starter (.370), Maddon could piggyback the 30-year-old behind the games starter early in the season or use him as a swing-man.

Sandoval and Barra, both 23-years-old, scuffled last season. Sandoval was a rookie last year, but Barra made 26 starts with a 3.41 ERA as a freshman in 2018. A return to his rookie form would benefit both Barra and the Halos.

Last years bullpen did a commendable job considering starters rarely delivered quality starts and pitched the fewest total innings in the majors. Considering the potential issues the rotation may be facing this year, expect Maddon to turn to his relief corps early and often.

The main contributors to the bullpen in 2019 were closer Hansel Robles, Ty Buttrey, Cam Bedrosian, and No Ramrez. Robles, Bedrosian, and Ramrez were strong. Buttrey began the season well, but slipped during the second half. All return in 2020.

Heading into camp, the leading relievers are Robles, Buttrey, Bedrosian, Ramrez, Ryan Buchter, Justin Anderson, and Keynan Middleton, whos returning from TJ surgery. Candidates to fill out the bullpen include Kyle Keller, Luke Bard, Taylor Cole, Jos Quijada, Parker Markel, Jacob Rhame, and Hector Yan.

The left-handed throwing Quijada is also on the 10-day IL for undisclosed reasons. Perhaps this doesnt matter as much as it did in the past, but the Venezuelan, along with Buchter and Yan, are the only southpaw relievers on the 40-man roster. Furthermore, Yan hasnt pitched above Class-A level.

Many familiar faces return this year with one significant addition. The longest tenured infielder with the team is Albert Pujols, wholl play either first base or designated hitter depending on Ohtanis availability. The 40-year-olds offensive production has been below league-average since 2016. Is it possible Maddon would consider reducing the future Hall of Famers playing time? Bench options include Matt Thaiss, who also possesses third base experience, and rookie Jared Walsh.

Fun Fact: Jared Walsh made 12 relief appearances and saved one game for Class-AAA Salt Lake in 2019. The left-handed thrower also pitched in five games for the Angels.

David Fletcher and Tommy La Stella should be the main stakeholders at second base. Last year, Fletcher paced the team in games played (154) and doubles (30) with only Trout having a higher AVG and OBP. Adding to his value, the 25-year-old demonstrated positional versatility with 20-plus starts at second base, shortstop, third base, and left field.

La Stella was enjoying a breakout season in 2019 earning his first All-Star selection. Unfortunately, the 30-year-old suffered a fractured tibia in early-July, which sidelined him until late September. La Stella also has third base experience.

After posting career bests in AVG, OBP, and OPS+ in 2018, injuries limited the offense and availability of Andrelton Simmons last season. The 30-year-old former Gold Glove winner will be looking to rebound during an abbreviated walk year.

Holding down the hot corner is Rendon, who the team inked to a seven-year/$245 million contract. Last season, the NL MVP finalist set career highs in doubles, home runs, AVG, OBP, SLG, OPS+, and WAR.

The Angels reportedly attempted to trade Luis Rengifo to the crosstown rival Dodger in exchange for outfielder Joc Pederson in the offseason. Entering camp, the 23-year-old seemed like logical fit as back-up middle-infielder before disappearing to the 10-day IL recently. During his rookie season in 2019, switch-hitter started 90 games at second base and 11 contests at shortstop.

Theres still a chance the Rengifo is ready for Opening Day. If the team were to look elsewhere for an infield reserve, potential candidates include non-roster invitee Arismendy Alcntara plus minor leaguers Jose Rojas, Jahmai Jones, and Elliot Soto.

As with the infield, most of the usual suspects return from 2019 with the notable exception of Kole Calhoun, who signed with Arizona. But theres an outside chance a highly-touted prospect joins a future Hall of Famer in the outfield this year.

Lower leg injuries limited left fielder Justin Upton to just 63 games and his worst offensive production since his rookie season in 2007. Upton slashed a lackluster .215/.309/.416 with 12 home runs in 256 plate appearances. The Angels certainly need a bounce back season from the 32-year-old.

Trout, last years MVP, returns in center field. The New Jersey native slashed .291/.438/.645 with 45 home runs and led the majors in OPS+ for a third consecutive season. Its worth noting the 28-year-old has intimated he may not play this year to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 exposure for his wife and unborn child.

In Uptons absence, Brian Goodwin played a career-high 146 games and delivered personal bests in doubles (29), home runs (17), and OPS+ (109). The 29-year-old will begin the season as the everyday right fielder, although its plausible top prospect Jo Adell makes the team and eventually supplants Goodwin.

Still, Adell wasnt expected to be on the Opening Day roster in March and isnt on the 40-man roster. The loss of the minor league season may delay the 21-year-olds MLB debut until next year.

Michael Hermosillo likely serves as the fourth outfielder. The 25-year-old has limited big-league experience since first debuting in 2018, but he can play anywhere in the outfield. Its reasonable to expect Fletcher to see playing time in the outfield. Former first round pick Taylor Ward may be in the mix for a backup job also.

When hes not pitching, Ohtani will serve as primary designated hitter. Although he couldnt pitch last season, the 26-year-old delivered 43 extra-base hits, including 18 home runs, in 106 games. He also lead the team with 5 triples and 12 stolen bases. As noted earlier, Pujols likely fills the DH role when Ohtani is on the mound or unavailable due to pitching responsibilities.

Free agent addition Jason Castro figures to be the regular catcher with Max Stassi likely spotting Castro. With Minnesota last season, the left-handed hitting Castro platooned with MitchGarver. One area to watch; Castros career .553 OPS against southpaws is much lower than against right-handers (.750). Castro has a reputation as a sound defender and pitch framer.

Stassi is strong defensively, but the right-handed hitter hasnt enjoyed much success at the plate during a 183-game career spanning seven seasons. The teams third catcher is Anthony Bemboom. The left-handed hitting Bemboom, who is solid behind the plate, made his MLB debut last year at age-29.

While the addition of Rendon and Ohtanis return to the mound provides a boost, starting pitcher health once again looms as a potential showstopper. Perhaps the truncated 60-game season diminishes the importance of a deep rotation. If thats the case, Maddon may be able to compensate for his staffs shortcomings by having a quick hook with struggling starters. Thats assuming the bullpen performs as it did in 2019.

Still, the Angels chronic difficulties with starting pitcher availability is tough to overlook. For this reason, I believe the AL West is out of reach, even with Maddon at the helm. Maybe the three-time Manager of the Year can elevate to fringe contender status, but its tough envisioning the team earning a wild card berth in the highly competitive American League.

This disappoints me since Id like to see Trout, baseballs best player, add meaningful October baseball to his already-brimming Hall of Fame rsum.

My Oh My

(Photo of Joe Maddon AP)

In 2014, Luke joined the Prospect Insider team and is now a contributor at HERO Sports also. During baseball season, he can be often found observing the local team at T-Mobile Park.

You can follow Luke on Twitter @luke_arkins

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Could Joe Maddon Lead The Angels To Cubs-like Success In 2020? - Prospect Insider

Starter Guide to induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs …

By Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

This post was contributed by Kusumika (Kushi) Mukherjee.

The ultimate goal in the field of regenerative medicine is to replace lost or damaged cells. Here, I will discuss the two major processes by which an adult somatic cell is converted to a different cell type for regeneration and repair and situations where one process is favored over the other.

Cell conversion happens via:

The reversal of a differentiated cell type to an undifferentiated state and then redifferentiation into the cell type of choice in vitro is known as reprogramming [1]. The process can be divided into two stages:

The dedifferentiation stage involves overexpression of four reprogramming factors- OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and C-MYC - that induce a differentiated somatic cell to revert back to a pluripotent stage (iPSC formation) [2, 3]. The iPSCs then proliferate and redifferentiate to another cell type of choice. The four reprogramming factors can be delivered and expressed in multiple somatic cells via various methods. Some of the more common delivery methodsinclude retrovirus [2], lentivirus [4], adenovirus [5], Sendai virus [6], plasmid electroporation (episomal) [7, 8] and mRNA transfection [9]. Many of the plasmids used for these methods can be found on Addgenes stem cell page. On this page, you can also find a table with a list of methods and the species they were used in. iPSCs have now been generated from many different types of somatic cells. The goal is to use cells that can be easily isolated from donors. Apart from fibroblasts, human keratinocytes from hair pluck, peripheral blood cells, and renal epithelial cells from urine are some of the easily isolated somatic cells that have been reprogrammed to iPSCs successfully [10-12].

The next stage of reprogramming consists of redifferentiation of iPSCs into the cell type of choice. This step is sometimes also referred to as directed differentiation. Specific cell media, supplements, bioactive small molecules, and growth factors are used to control the cell fate of iPSCs and differentiate them into different cell lineages [13]. Over the last decade, many cell types have been successfully differentiated from human iPSCs. Below is a list of some of these cell types[13]:

You can find a variety of plasmids for differentiation here.

Dedifferentiation to an intermediate pluripotent state is not always obligatory in cell conversion processes [35]. Rather than reprogram cells all the way back to their most primitive pluripotent stem cell state, through transdifferentiation adult somatic cells are converted directly into a different cell type, bypassing the lengthy processes of reprogramming. The process was first observed in the regenerating lens of the newt over 100 years ago [36]. While natural transdifferentiation is rare in mammals, an example is observed in the pancreas when excess -cell damage results in the transdifferentiation of glucagon-producing -cells into insulin-producing -like-cells [37, 38].

In 1987, Davis et al. reported one of the earliest examples of transdifferentiation in vitro where treatment of mouse fibroblasts with 5-azacytidine led to their conversion into myoblasts [39]. In 2000, Ferber et al. showed for the first time that mouse liver cells could be transdifferentiated in vivo to pancreatic -like-cells with the expression of pancreatic and duodenal homoeobox gene1 (PDX1) [40]. In recent works, transdifferentiation is usually carried out by expressing transcription factors specific to the lineage of the target cell in the original somatic cells [41]. The in vivo and in vitro methods are similar except that the vectors carrying the transdifferentiation factors are directly injected into the organ of interest for in vivo transdifferentiation. Multiple cell types such as fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and pancreatic exocrine cells have been successfully transdifferentiated into neurons and -cells [40-42].

Both reprogramming and transdifferentiation convert differentiated somatic cells into another cell type. However, these two approaches differ in several ways. Below is a table listing some of critical differences (adapted from Zhou and Melton, 2008, [43]):

Overall, reprogramming is very flexible. It offers unlimited potential to produce all cell types in the body. On the other hand, only few cell types have been currently transdifferentiated successfully, limiting the utility of this process. Moreover, it is much easier to genetically modify cells during the reprogramming process as they are propagated in vitro as part of the process. This opens up a wide range of possibilities in clinical situations. In cases where the objective is to fix a disease-inducing genetic mutation in a patient, trying to transdifferentiate any of the patients cells will not alleviate the problem. The best option then would be to dedifferentiate cells from the patient in vitro then correct the damaged gene in the resulting iPSCs before differentiating the cells into the correct lineage and returning them back to the patient.

In this post, I have detailed the two major processes by which cells are converted to replenish and repair cells that are lost or damaged. Both transdifferentiation and reprogramming give researchers the ability to convert a differentiated cell to a different cell type. While transdifferentiation is suited for switching cell types between similar lineages, reprogramming is more versatile and universal.

Many thanks to our guest blogger, Kusumika (Kushi) Mukherjee.

Kusumika (Kushi) Mukherjee is the Editor ofTrends in Pharmacological Sciences,a Cell Press reviews journal. She joined Cell Press to pursue a career in science communication and publishing after completing her postdoctoral training from Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Connect with her on LinkedIn @https://www.linkedin.com/in/kmukherjeephd/.

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30. Lamba, D.A., et al., Generation, purification and transplantation of photoreceptors derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. PLoS One, 2010. 5(1): p. e8763. PubMed PMID:20098701.

31. Tang, Z.H., et al., Genetic Correction of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells From a Deaf Patient With MYO7A Mutation Results in Morphologic and Functional Recovery of the Derived Hair Cell-Like Cells. Stem Cells Transl Med, 2016. 5(5): p. 561-71. PubMed PMID:27013738. PubMed Central PMCID:PMC4835250.

32. Ma, L., Y. Liu, and S.C. Zhang, Directed differentiation of dopamine neurons from human pluripotent stem cells. Methods Mol Biol, 2011. 767: p. 411-8. PubMed PMID:21822892.

33. Shi, Y., P. Kirwan, and F.J. Livesey, Directed differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells to cerebral cortex neurons and neural networks. Nat Protoc, 2012. 7(10): p. 1836-46. PubMed PMID:22976355.

34. Wang, S., et al., Differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells to mature functional Purkinje neurons. Sci Rep, 2015. 5: p. 9232. PubMed PMID:25782665. PubMed Central PMCID:PMC4363833.

35. Eguizabal, C., et al., Dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation, and reprogramming: future directions in regenerative medicine. Semin Reprod Med, 2013. 31(1): p. 82-94. PubMed PMID:23329641.

36. Jopling, C., S. Boue, and J.C. Izpisua Belmonte, Dedifferentiation, transdifferentiation and reprogramming: three routes to regeneration. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2011. 12(2): p. 79-89. PubMed PMID:21252997.

37. Merrell, A.J. and B.Z. Stanger, Adult cell plasticity in vivo: de-differentiation and transdifferentiation are back in style. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2016. 17(7): p. 413-25. PubMed PMID:26979497.

38. Thorel, F., et al., Conversion of adult pancreatic alpha-cells to beta-cells after extreme beta-cell loss. Nature, 2010. 464(7292): p. 1149-54. PubMed PMID:20364121. PubMed Central PMCID:PMC2877635.

39. Davis, R.L., H. Weintraub, and A.B. Lassar, Expression of a single transfected cDNA converts fibroblasts to myoblasts. Cell, 1987. 51(6): p. 987-1000. PubMed PMID:3690668.

40. Ferber, S., et al., Pancreatic and duodenal homeobox gene 1 induces expression of insulin genes in liver and ameliorates streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia. Nat Med, 2000. 6(5): p. 568-72. PubMed PMID:10802714.

41. Vierbuchen, T., et al., Direct conversion of fibroblasts to functional neurons by defined factors. Nature, 2010. 463(7284): p. 1035-41. PubMed PMID:20107439. PubMed Central PMCID:PMC2829121.

42. Zhou, Q., et al., In vivo reprogramming of adult pancreatic exocrine cells to beta-cells. Nature, 2008. 455(7213): p. 627-32. PubMed PMID:18754011.

43. Zhou, Q. and D.A. Melton, Extreme makeover: converting one cell into another. Cell Stem Cell, 2008. 3(4): p. 382-8. PubMed PMID:18940730.

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Cell Culture Protein Surface Coating Market: In-Depth Analysis Of Industry Grow – GroundAlerts.com

By Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

The study is titled Global Cell culture protein surface coating Market Research Report, in which extensive research has been undertaken by analysts and a detailed evaluation of the global market has been provided. The report includes an in-depth, extensive study of this market in tandem with vital parameters that are likely to have an effect on the market commercialization matrix.

A highly analytical qualitative as well as quantitative evaluation of the global cell culture protein surface coating market has been covered in this report. The study evaluates the myriad aspects of this industry by taking into consideration its historical and forecast data. In the research report, substantial details about Porters five force model, alongside a SWOT analysis as well as a PESTEL analysis of the market are also provided.

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The cell culture protein surface coating market report coverage is inclusive of various parameters such as the market size, regional growth opportunities, major vendors in the market, drivers and constraints, segmental analysis, as well as the competitive landscape.

The main intent of this report is to list down numerous updates and data with respect to the market and also to note the various growth opportunities that are likely to help the market expand at an appreciable rate. An in-depth synopsis of the cell culture protein surface coating market as well as a well-detailed set of market definitions and overview of the industry have been provided in the report.

The abstract section includes information on the cell culture protein surface coating market dynamics. This is further inclusive of the drivers boosting the market growth, market restraints, trends defining the industry, as well as the many growth opportunities prevailing in the industry. Also, details on the pricing analysis in tandem with the value chain analysis have been provided in the study. Historic figures and estimates with respect to the growth of this market throughout the forecast period have been entailed in the study.

The cell culture protein surface coating market report consists of information related to the projected CAGR of the global industry over the forecast period. Also, the numerous technological developments and innovations that are likely to drive the global market share over the anticipated period are mentioned in the study.

Top Companies

Split by Protein Source, the market has been divided into Animal-derived protein, Human-derived protein, Synthetic protein, Plant-derived protein

Animal-derived protein segment is anticipated to witness vigorous growth during the analysis timeframe. Animal derived protein contains high levels of heme iron, vitamin B-12, and saturated fat as well as higher levels of cholesterol augmenting segmental growth. Moreover, animal protein provides muscle health such as lean mass and strength in the quadriceps that further fosters the segmental growth.

Split by Type of Coating, the cell culture protein surface coating market has been divided into Self-coating, Pre-coating, Microwell plates, Petri dish, Flask, Slides

Self-coating segment will grow substantially during the forecast timeline owing to rising investment in research and development. Several biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies aims on the production of protein therapeutics, production of monoclonal antibody, induced pluripotent stem cells research, cell-based assays development and cryobanking. Above mentioned factors fosters the overall segmental growth.

The regional segmentation covers

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Market Applications, Future Trends, Size Value, Growth Statistics, Sales Projection and COVID-19 Impact Analysis By…

By Gene Therapy Clinics

(MENAFN - iCrowdNewsWire) Jul 13, 2020

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Market Size, Growth and Share Analysis By Field Strength (High-Field MRI Systems), Type (Close MRI and Open MRI), Disease Application (Brain and Neurological MRI), Regional Outlook and End-Users Forecast to 2023

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Market Overview

The magnetic resonate particles are the radio waves that provides the three-dimensional images of the internal organs and joints in the body. MRI shows you the detailed structure of the organ without any invasive surgery. It also detects the heart, surrounding view of the artery and the troubles related to it. MRI study also involves Brain MRI, individual organ MRI and the extremities. The MRI market works on four demands. The Global Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Market size is anticipated to reach USD 5 billion at a CAGR of 3.5% by the end of 2023, says Market Research Future (MRFR). MRI is a non-invasive diagnostic technology that produces digital images of the internal body structures. It uses the magnetic resonate atoms to show the pictures of the inner body tissue and organs.

The four applications of magnetic resonance imaging market include the non-invasive procedure in practices, the harmful effects of the radiation-based imaging, rising in the research and development of the life science and the increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging in the drug discovery.

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There are certain other factors also that fuel the growth of the MRI market. The primary factor that is increasing the demand for MRI is the increase in the geriatric population. The increase in the geriatric population leads to the rise of cardiovascular, neurological and ophthalmic disorders which results in the growth of the MRI market. However, certain factors affect the growth of magnetic resonance imaging market such as high cost of the instruments, strict regulatory, insufficient reimbursement policies and the lack of skilled operators.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Market Segmentation

The global magnetic resonance imaging market is segmented into four types.

Based on the magnetic field strength, the magnetic resonance imaging market is divided into four types

Based on the architectural model, the MRI market is of two kinds;

based on its application, the global magnetic resonance imaging market is classified into four types. The segmentation includes

The MRI market is also segmented based on end-users that include

As of now, the medium and the high-field segments are having large scale adoption. Usually, the medium and high-field sections produce better image quality to the end-users that helps in better treatment of the disease. The increasing demand for MRI in the hospitals and clinics is rising with the highest MRI market share. The MRI market is one of the significant markets for investment.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Market Regional Outlook

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Market Competitive Landscape:

The global magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) market is getting boosted by the strategic decisions of several companies like Siemens AG, Hitachi, GE Healthcare, Canon Medical Systems, Toshiba Corporation, Philips, Xingaoyi, Toshiba Corporation, and Aurora Imaging Technologies, Inc. These companies are planning mergers, acquisitions, collaborations, and others to ensure their own stand in the market. Their growing investment in the research and development sector is promoting healthy competition, which could ensure a better growth rate in the coming years.

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Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Market News

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mHealth Market Information, By Therapeutics(respiratory, mental and neurological disorders, fitness & lifestyle) By Application(monitoring, diagnosis & treatment, wellness & prevention) - Forecast to 2022

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NOTE: Our team of researchers are studying Covid19 and its impact on various industry verticals and wherever required we will be considering covid19 footprints for a better analysis of markets and industries. Cordially get in touch for more details.

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Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Size By Product Analysis, Application, End-Users, Regional Outlook, Competitive Strategies And Forecast Up To 2026 -…

By Stell Cell Research

New Jersey, United States,- Latest update on Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Analysis report published with extensive market research, Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market growth analysis, and forecast by 2026. this report is highly predictive as it holds the overall market analysis of topmost companies into the Animal Stem Cell Therapy industry. With the classified Animal Stem Cell Therapy market research based on various growing regions, this report provides leading players portfolio along with sales, growth, market share, and so on.

The research report of the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market is predicted to accrue a significant remuneration portfolio by the end of the predicted time period. It includes parameters with respect to the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market dynamics incorporating varied driving forces affecting the commercialization graph of this business vertical and risks prevailing in the sphere. In addition, it also speaks about the Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market growth opportunities in the industry.

Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Report covers the manufacturers data, including shipment, price, revenue, gross profit, interview record, business distribution etc., these data help the consumer know about the competitors better. This report also covers all the regions and countries of the world, which shows a regional development status, including Animal Stem Cell Therapy market size, volume and value, as well as price data.

Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market competition by top Manufacturers:

Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Classification by Types:

Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Size by End-user Application:

Listing a few pointers from the report:

The objective of the Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market Report:

Cataloging the competitive terrain of the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market:

Unveiling the geographical penetration of the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market:

The report of the Animal Stem Cell Therapy market is an in-depth analysis of the business vertical projected to record a commendable annual growth rate over the estimated time period. It also comprises of a precise evaluation of the dynamics related to this marketplace. The purpose of the Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market report is to provide important information related to the industry deliverables such as market size, valuation forecast, sales volume, etc.

Major Highlights from Table of contents are listed below for quick lookup into Animal Stem Cell Therapy Market report

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2 Key Features of Early-onset Parkinson’s Tied to PARK2 Gene in Study – Parkinson’s News Today

By Stell Cell Research

A direct causal link was found between two major underlying features of Parkinsons disease mitochondrial defects and lysosomal malfunction in dopamine producing neurons that lacked the PARK2 gene, which is mutated in some cases of early-onset disease, a study discovered.

Further research is needed to determine if these findings can lead to treatment approaches that address such defects.

The study, Lysosomal perturbations in human dopaminergic neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells with PARK2 mutation, was published in Nature Scientific Reports.

In Parkinsons disease, nerve cells known as dopaminergic neurons gradually begin to malfunction or die in a region of the brain called the substantia nigra. These cells typically produce the neurotransmitter dopamine, which passes signals between neurons responsible for movement and coordination.

People with early-onset Parkinsons disease are more likely to carry mutations in specific genes associated with the disease.

Mutations in the PARK2 gene (or PRKN), which carries the instructions for a protein called parkin, have been identified as the most common cause of early-onset Parkinsons.

Parkin is an enzyme that chemically tags damaged and excess proteins that are part of small structures within the cell (organelles) known as mitochondria the energy-producing centers in cells.

Tagged proteins are then transported to another organelle called the lysosome, which degrades these proteins so they can be recycled. This system acts as a quality control system for cells by disposing of damaged, deformed, and excess proteins.

However, neither the exact relationship between mitochondria and lysosomes in PARK2-related Parkinsons disease, nor their role in disease progression arewell defined.

Scientists at the University of Southern Denmark created dopaminergic neurons with and without a functioning PARK2 to mimic the cellular environment found in early-onset Parkinsons. The neurons were then analyzed and compared to identify disease-related molecular mechanisms.

The dopaminergic neurons were created from a type of stem cell called induced pluripotent stem cells, which are generated directly from adult cells and are then be reprogrammed to become any cell of choice.

Neurons without PARK2 called PARK2 KO grew into midbrain dopaminergic neurons with the same efficiency as the normal (control) neurons.

An analysis found two proteins associated with lysosomes (LAMP1 and LAMP2A) at significantly higher levels in PARK2 KO neurons than in control neurons, indicating increased lysosomal content. Microscopic imaging showed significantly changes in the shape of the altered lysosomes; they appeared to be larger as well as more abundant.

Overall, lysosome activity was found to be more than 30% lower in PARK2 KO neurons, and the activity of two key lysosomal enzymes was reduced as well. The alterations in lysosome activity were seen to affect the protein recycling process directly.

Interestingly, the activity of a lysosomal enzyme called GCase, which is encoded by the GBA gene and linked to both Parkinsons disease and a lysosomal storage disorder called Gaucher disease, was significantly increased in PARK2 KO neurons.

According to the scientists, this points to the activation of compensatory mechanisms to increase GCase activity and may reflect a direct connection between PARK2 and GBA.

Alterations in the mitochondria of PARK2 KO neurons were found as well. These mitochondria were often accumulated in the area just outside the cell nucleus, and they appeared swollen with irregular internal shapes. In contrast, mitochondria in the control cells were more evenly distributed around the cell, with a typical oval appearance and well organized internal structure.

Treating the control neurons with a chemical that causes mitochondrial stress led to an increase in lysosomes to a level similar to that of untreated PARK2 KO neurons, strongly indicating that mitochondrial function impairment leads to lysosomal accumulation.

Significantly higher production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damages mitochondria, were detected in PARK2 KO neurons. Treating cells with an antioxidant that blocks ROS production was able to lessen oxidative stress and significantly decrease the mitochondrial and lysosomal areas when compared with untreated neurons.

Of note, oxidative stress is an imbalance between the production of ROS and the ability of cells to detoxify them, leading to cellular damage and death.

These data provide initial evidence of the possible beneficial effects of antioxidant treatment on both mitochondria and lysosomes, however, further research is required for accurate understanding, the researchers wrote.

Our results indicate that the loss of parkin causes several lysosomal perturbations affecting their abundance, morphology, content, and activity, they concluded. Taken together these findings indicate a causal link between two major pathological features of [Parkinsons disease], namely mitochondrial defects and lysosomal dysregulation.

Future efforts should focus on the identifying the molecular mechanistic pathways that connect mitochondrial and lysosomal perturbations with the aim of developing therapeutic approaches for [Parkinsons disease], they added.

Steve holds a PhD in Biochemistry from the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Toronto, Canada. He worked as a medical scientist for 18 years, within both industry and academia, where his research focused on the discovery of new medicines to treat inflammatory disorders and infectious diseases. Steve recently stepped away from the lab and into science communications, where hes helping make medical science information more accessible for everyone.

Total Posts: 208

Ana holds a PhD in Immunology from the University of Lisbon and worked as a postdoctoral researcher at Instituto de Medicina Molecular (iMM) in Lisbon, Portugal. She graduated with a BSc in Genetics from the University of Newcastle and received a Masters in Biomolecular Archaeology from the University of Manchester, England. After leaving the lab to pursue a career in Science Communication, she served as the Director of Science Communication at iMM.

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2 Key Features of Early-onset Parkinson's Tied to PARK2 Gene in Study - Parkinson's News Today

Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market will Witness Steady Growth Till 2027 Post COVID 19 Pandemic, Top Manufactures Astellas Institute of…

By Stem Cell Medicine

Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market report involves all together a different chapter on COVID 19 Impact. The Covid-19 (coronavirus) pandemic is impacting society and the overall economy across the world. The impact of this pandemic is growing day by day as well as affecting the supply chain. The COVID-19 crisis is creating uncertainty in the stock market, massive slowing of supply chain, falling business confidence, and increasing panic among the customer segments. The overall effect of the pandemic is impacting the production process of several industries including Life Science, and many more. Trade barriers are further restraining the demand- supply outlook. nicolas.shaw@cognitivemarketresearch.com or call us on +1-312-376-8303. Download The report Copy form the webstie: https://cognitivemarketresearch.com/medical-devicesconsumables/human-embryonic-stem-cell-%28hesc%29-market-report

The major players profiled in this report include: Astellas Institute of Regenerative Medicine (US), Asterias Biotherapeutics Inc. (US), BD Biosciences (US), Cell Cure Neurosciences Ltd. (Israel), Cellular Dynamics International (US), GE Healthcare (UK), MilliporeSigma (US), PerkinElmer Inc. (US), Reliance Life Sciences Ltd. (India), Research& Diagnostics Systems Inc. (US), SABiosciences Corp. (US), STEMCELL Technologies Inc. (Canada), Stemina Biomarker Discovery Inc. (US), Takara Bio Inc. (Japan), TATAA Biocenter AB (Sweden), Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (US), UK Stem Cell Bank (UK), ViaCyte Inc. (US), Vitrolife AB (Sweden)

Market segment by type can be split into: Totipotent Stem Cell, Pluripotent Stem Cell, Unipotent Stem Cell

Market segment by the application can be split into: Research, Clinical Trials, Others

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As government of different regions have already announced total lockdown and temporarily shutdown of industries, the overall production process being adversely affected; thus, hinder the overall Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) globally. This report on Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) provides the analysis on impact on Covid-19 on various business segments and country markets. The report also showcases market trends and forecast to 2027, factoring the impact of COVID-19 situation.

Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market report provide an in-depth understanding of the cutting-edge competitive analysis of the emerging market trends along with the drivers, restraints, and opportunities in the market to offer worthwhile insights and current scenario for making right decision. The report covers the prominent players in the market with detailed SWOT analysis, financial overview, and key developments of last three years. Moreover, the report also offers a 360 outlook of the market through the competitive landscape of the global industry player and helps the companies to garner Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market revenue by understanding the strategic growth approaches.

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Report provides industry analysis, important insights, and a competitive and useful advantage to the pursuers. The report analyzes different segments and offers the current and future prospects of each segment. Furthermore, this research report contains an in depth analysis of the top players with data such as product specification, company profiles and product picture, sales area, and base of manufacturing in the global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) market. The impact on the supply and demand of the raw materials, due to the COVID-19 is also analyzed in the global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) market.

Additionally, report consists of product life cycle, which discus about the current stage of product. Further, it adds manufacturing cost analysis as well as complete manufacturing process involved. Report also adds supply chain analysis to ensure complete data of market.

Objectives of Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Report: To justifiably share in-depth info regarding the decisive elements impacting the increase of industry (growth capacity, chances, drivers and industry specific challenge and risks) To know the Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market by pinpointing its many sub segments To profile the important players and analyze their growth plans To endeavor the amount and value of the Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market sub-markets, depending on key regions (various vital states) To analyze the Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market concerning growth trends, prospects and also their participation in the entire sector To inspect and study the Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market size form the company, essential regions/countries, products and applications, background information and also predictions to 2027 Primary worldwide Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market manufacturing companies, to specify, clarify and analyze the product sales amount, value and market share, market rivalry landscape, SWOT analysis and development plans for the next coming years To examine competitive progress such as expansions, arrangements, new product launches and acquisitions on the market

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Follow is the chapters covered in Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market: Chapter 1 Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Overview Chapter 2 COVID 19 Impact Chapter 3 Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Segment by Types (Product Science) Chapter 4 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Segment by Application Chapter 5 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market by Regions (2015-2027) Chapter 6 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Competition by Manufacturers Chapter 7 Company (Top Players) Profiles and Key Data Chapter 8 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Revenue by Regions (2015-2020) Chapter 9 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Revenue by Types Chapter 10 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Analysis by Application Chapter 11 North America Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Development Status and Outlook Chapter 12 Europe Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Development Status and Outlook Chapter 13 Asia Pacific Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Development Status and Outlook Chapter 14 South America Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Development Status and Outlook Chapter 15 Middle East & Africa Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Development Status and Outlook Chapter 16 Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Manufacturing Cost Analysis Chapter 17 Marketing Strategy Analysis, Distributors/ Traders Chapter 18 Global Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Forecast (2020-2027) Chapter 19 Research Findings and Conclusion Get detailed TOC for Human Embryonic Stem Cell (hESC) Market Report @ https://cognitivemarketresearch.com/medical-devicesconsumables/human-embryonic-stem-cell-%28hesc%29-market-report#table_of_contents.

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What’s the Best Human Brain Alternative for Hungry Zombies? – Gizmodo UK

By Stem Cell Medicine

Lets say youre a zombie. Youre lumbering around, doing your zombie-mumble, and just ten feet ahead you see a living human being. Your first impulse, of course, is to head over there and eat their brain. And youre about to do just that, when suddenly you feel a pang of something like shame. You remember, dimly, being a human yourself. You remember how you mightve felt, if an undead weirdogot to gnawing on your skull. Youre at an impasse: at once desperate for brain meat and reluctant to kill for it. So you head to your zombie psychologist and start explaining the situation, and your zombie psychologist starts grinning, which annoys you at first I mean, youre baring your soul to this guy until he explains whats on his mind. Turns out, hes been toying with an idea a pilot program for conscience-stricken zombies. Instead of human brains, theyll be fed stuff that looks and tastes justlikebrains, thereby sparing them the obligation to kill. The only thing they need to work out is: what would be an acceptable substitute for human brains? For this weeksGiz Asks, we reached out to a number of brain experts to find out.

Associate Professor, Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School

The brain is of course composed primarily of lipids, and so it is perfectly reasonable to assume that it is brain lipids that zombies really crave. But why human brains and not, say, mouse brains? Lipidomic analysis reveals that human brains are unusually enriched in a compound called sphingomyelin (relative to brains from rodents), and so it is further reasonable to assume that what zombies want is actually lots of sphingomyelin. So where to get it? Eggs. Eggs are packed with sphingomyelin. Furthermore, eggs also have the advantage of having a white outer cortex and a lipid-rich center, just like the human brain, so they seem a reasonable substitute all around.

Chair and Professor of Neurology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and Co-Director UCLA Broad Stem Cell Center

A food-based substitute would require a fair amount of work, because youd have to get a sort of fatty, proteinaceous slop together as a mimic for the brain. A thick macaroni and cheese might work, with a larger noodle like ziti or rigatoni and no tang, meaning a thick white cheese, as opposed to cheddar.

The brain sandwich, made from cow brains, was an unusual delicacy in St. Louis for years. When I lived there, I saw what it looked like as they fried it, and its hard to imagine any other organ meat could substitute for the real thing. Kidney and liver are too firm and too structured; most foods we eat, or could think about eating, are also too firm, and not fatty enough.

A brain from another animal might work, though it would have to be an animal with an advanced brain that is, one with the folds we see when we look at the brains surface (which are called gyri and cilici). Those are what distinguish higher mammals from lower mammals. They also make the human brain this particularly characteristic thing in terms of substance and texture and appearance. So an animal brain, to sub for a human brain, would need to have those features. That would mean anything from, say, a dog or cat on up those both have gyri and cilici, whereas rodents and rabbits, for example, do not.

Assistant Professor of Brain Science, Psychiatry and Human Behaviourat Brown University

I think my Zombie would be a vegan. The thing that I have found to be the closest in texture to the brain is tofu (not the firm kind). People are often surprised by that fact, because its really soft you can put your finger through it easily.

Broadly, I study the kind of complex planning and decision making that is localised to the front of the brain, the prefrontal cortex. This area is also one of the most likely to be injured if you hit your head, because your very soft brain bounces around inside your skull. Our lab typically does a demo for Brain Week and other events that lets people feel tofu, and then shake it around in a container and see what happens to it. Shake it around in some water (mimicking some of the protections that our brain has in the cerebro-spinal fluid that it floats in) and the tofu does much better (which is why its packaged in water!).

Unfortunately tofu doesnt mimic all the wonderful folding that it has that lets us pack so many brain cells into a tight space. A sheet of paper crumpled up is best to show that capacity, but paper is probably much less tasty than tofu (to humans anyway, I dont know about zombies!).

Professor, Systems Biology, George Mason University

My proposal is: a literal pound of flesh. Many people have too much of it; its very similar to the brain in texture; it has a lot of cholesterol, which is important, because in my opinion at least zombies would crave exactly that. Also, adipose tissue is very rich with various kinds of growth hormones and other kinds of bioactive stuff. If you could develop some kind of device that would transfer the flesh to the zombies, people might even be grateful they wouldnt have to get liposuction.

Senior Lecturer, Medical Biotechnology, Deakin University

The best thing to do would be to make small versions of a brain from stem cells, called organoids. These are almost, but not quite, brains. You grow them in an artificial 3D environment that mimics the properties of the central nervous tissue, and allow them to develop networks of neural cells in a structured way. Theyre used for research into drugs and diseases and so on, but would probably be an acceptable meat-free snack for an ethically conscious zombie plague.

Professor in Neurology and Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Duke University

If I were a vegetarian zombie, I would try to make a brain substitute using the major components of the brain carbohydrates, proteins, and cells. The major carbohydrate component is hyaluronic acid (which is found in many beauty products, and can be purchased in bulk). Though by itself it does not form a solid, only a very viscous liquid, it can be combined with other materials that do form a solid. For example, sea weed has a carbohydrate named alginate that does form gels when combined with calcium. So, a blend of hyaluronic acid and alginate with calcium can yield a material that has the mechanics of the brain. For the protein component, eggs, beans, soy, and quinoa all can be good choices. To get the texture right, the calcium can be added while stirring to generate chunks. If it is ok to eat other animals, then I would buy pig brains, which are often discarded. Pig organs are close to the same size of humans and have even been used for transplantation due to similarities in physiology/biochemistry. That would be the simplest choice.

Associate Professor, Psychology and Neuroscience, George Mason University

Whenever I eat cauliflower, I think of the cerebellum or little brain. It is tucked away behind the cerebrum, or main part of the brain. The cerebellum is small, but it is where about 80 percent of the entire brains neurons are found! Most of the cerebellums neurons, or gray matter, are found on its outer surface. They are tightly packed together in little folds called folia. The neurons in the folia are connected to each other by nerve fibres, also known as white matter. When the cerebellum is cut in half, the white matter appears as this beautiful network of branches called the arbor vitae, or tree of life. It really does look just like a head of cauliflower!

Professor, Psychology and Neuroscience, Trinity College

The brain is actually quite soft and squishy. Fortunately for us it normally floats in a pool of cerebrospinal fluid that serves as a cushiony packing material protecting the delicate brain from the hard skull. But the brain is so soft it can easily become injured without the head striking any object. If there is enough rotational or acceleration/deceleration motion for the brain to hit the skull the tips of the brain can be bruised and individual cells can be stretched or sheared from their connections. This can happen, for example, in motor vehicle accidents or shaken baby syndrome where the head is thrown very quickly forwards and then backwards.

The consistency I think the brain comes closest to is a gelatin. But I would recommend that our zombie make the gelatin with milk rather than water. This will give it a closer consistency to a brain, the color will be more opaque like a real brain, and it will provide more of the much needed protein the zombie craves. There are even commercially made gelatin molds if the zombie is able to access stores or online shopping.

Another option would be a soft tofu. This might be a great option for a zombie who is a vegetarian or vegan. There is plenty of protein but it will be much harder to mold into the right shape. Sadly, most zombies are not portrayed to have the fine motor skills needed to create a brain shape from scratch, so the tofu would just have to be eaten as is.

On a side note, if our zombie truly finds that nothing satisfies like a real brain, they could certainly consider becoming a neurosurgeon that specializes in therapeutic surgeries, like temporal lobe resections. In this case, a small portion of the temporal lobe of the brain is removed to relieve a person of intractable epilepsy. This might allow for a chance to satisfy their craving while providing benefit to the person involved.

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What's the Best Human Brain Alternative for Hungry Zombies? - Gizmodo UK

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